WO2000074827A2 - Komposite und kompositmembranen - Google Patents

Komposite und kompositmembranen Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000074827A2
WO2000074827A2 PCT/EP2000/003910 EP0003910W WO0074827A2 WO 2000074827 A2 WO2000074827 A2 WO 2000074827A2 EP 0003910 W EP0003910 W EP 0003910W WO 0074827 A2 WO0074827 A2 WO 0074827A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polymer
composite
membrane
aryl
polymers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2000/003910
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2000074827A3 (de
WO2000074827A8 (de
Inventor
Thomas HÄRING
Rima HÄRING
Jochen Kerres
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut fuer Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Universitaet Stuttgart
Original Assignee
Institut fuer Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Universitaet Stuttgart
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BRPI0010171-0A priority Critical patent/BR0010171B1/pt
Priority to EP00934975A priority patent/EP1177247B1/de
Priority to DE50014531T priority patent/DE50014531D1/de
Priority to CA002369703A priority patent/CA2369703C/en
Priority to JP2001501354A priority patent/JP2003501516A/ja
Priority to IL14620900A priority patent/IL146209A0/xx
Priority to KR1020017013909A priority patent/KR100858131B1/ko
Application filed by Institut fuer Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Universitaet Stuttgart filed Critical Institut fuer Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Universitaet Stuttgart
Priority to AU50635/00A priority patent/AU780722B2/en
Publication of WO2000074827A2 publication Critical patent/WO2000074827A2/de
Publication of WO2000074827A3 publication Critical patent/WO2000074827A3/de
Priority to IL146209A priority patent/IL146209A/en
Priority to US09/984,564 priority patent/US7049020B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2000074827A8 publication Critical patent/WO2000074827A8/de
Priority to US11/348,870 priority patent/US7674505B2/en
Priority to US12/603,017 priority patent/US8110517B2/en
Priority to US13/367,038 priority patent/US9675939B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
    • B01D69/141—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
    • B01D69/1411—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes containing dispersed material in a continuous matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/024—Oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
    • B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
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    • B01D71/06—Organic material
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    • B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
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    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
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    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
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    • B01J31/1625—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups
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    • F16D55/26—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member without self-tightening action
    • F16D55/36—Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side
    • F16D55/40—Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or one the brake
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    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
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    • F16D65/0974—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces acting on or in the vicinity of the pad rim in a direction substantially transverse to the brake disc axis
    • F16D65/0977—Springs made from sheet metal
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    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249967—Inorganic matrix in void-containing component
    • Y10T428/249969—Of silicon-containing material [e.g., glass, etc.]

Definitions

  • Membrane types are therefore that even under optimal operating conditions, they can only be used at application temperatures up to max. 100 ° C are suitable.
  • the advantage of the composites according to the invention and the membranes produced therefrom is the incorporation of an organic component, in particular protonated nitrogen bases, into the cavities of the layered silicates, which is a crosslinking component when the base is on a polymer backbone. Furthermore, the targeted incorporation of cations enables or metal hydroxides with subsequent conversion to the corresponding metal oxides to vary the Lewis acid properties and size of the cavities of the membranes in a wide range.
  • the layered silicates can also be functionalized so that they either interact with ionomers in which they are embedded or influence the medium surrounding them in accordance with their functional group.
  • Layered silicates (clay minerals) have some interesting properties: • They are able to keep water of hydration up to 250 ° C.
  • metal cations and metal oxides can be incorporated into these substances, which induces an intrinsic proton conductivity according to the general scheme:.
  • the layered silicates which have Lewis acidic cavities, can be acid-base
  • the present invention thus relates to an ion-conducting composite containing an acid and / or an organic base and a layered silicate, characterized in that the composition of the acid-base portion is 1 to 99% by weight and the layered silicate is 99 to 1% by weight. % is included.
  • the acid can be a cation exchange polymer (with the cation exchange groups -SO 3 H, -COOH, - PO 3 H 2 , whereby the polymer can only be modified with one of the described cation exchange groups or with a mixture of the described cation exchange groups); the polymer can be uncrosslinked or covalently crosslinked.
  • the ion exchange capacity is between 0.1 and 12 milliequivalents per gram. In particular between 0.3 and 8 milliequivalents per gram. Specifically between 0.5 and 2 milliequivalents per gram.
  • Thermoplastics are particularly preferred as backbones.
  • the acid can also be an organic or inorganic low molecular weight acid.
  • the inorganic case sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid are particularly preferred.
  • all low-molecular acids that are sulfonic or carboxylic acids come into consideration. Specifically all aminosulfonic acids and as their precursors aminosulfochlorides.
  • Alkyl, aryl where the polymer can be modified only with one of the anion exchange groups described or with a mixture of the anion exchange groups described); the polymer can be uncrosslinked or covalently crosslinked.
  • the anion exchange capacity is generally between 1 and 15 milliequivalents per gram. In particular between 3 and 12 milliequivalents per gram and in particular between 6 and 10 milliequivalents per gram.
  • all thermoplastics are preferred as backbones, especially polysulfone, polyether ether ketone, polybenzimidazoles and polyvinylpyridine.
  • the base can be an organic or inorganic low molecular weight base. All guanidine derivatives are particularly preferred as the organic low-molecular base.
  • the functional group of the acid and the base can be in the same molecule.
  • This molecule can be low molecular weight or high molecular weight. If it is a polymer, there are both anion exchange groups from (c) and cation exchange groups from (a) on the polymer chain.
  • the composition of the suspension is again chosen so that the solids content is between 2 and 20% by weight of the polymer content. It depends on the area of application for which the membrane is required.
  • the suspension is again processed into a membrane as above.
  • the solvent is evaporated in a drying cabinet at a temperature between 80 ° C and 150 ° C.
  • the membrane is detached from the glass plate and aftertreated in demineralized water for 12 hours at 90 ° C.
  • the composites have excellent ionic conductivities even at temperatures well above 100 ° C.
  • the proton conductivities of the composites in particular are still very good in this temperature range, which is due on the one hand to the water-storing properties of the clay minerals and on the other hand to an inherent proton conductivity of the clay minerals.
  • the good proton conductivities allow the use of these composites in membrane fuel cells in the temperature range mentioned above.
  • the silicates forming the cavities significantly increase the chemical, mechanical and thermal stability of the composite membranes, since the polymer molecules and the clay minerals or zeolites in the cavities can interact with one another.
  • basic polymers and ionomer blends containing basic polymer components can intercalate through interaction of the basic groups in the Lewis acidic cavities of the silicates, as a result of which an ionic crosslinking is formed between the acidic silicate and the basic polymer chain, which, depending on the system, is pH-independent, which leads to an increase contributes to the mechanical, chemical and thermal stability, especially when the composite membranes are used in a strongly acidic or strongly basic medium.
  • the composite membranes according to the invention show reduced methanol permeability and gas cross diffusion across the membrane.
  • the methanol permeability and permselectivity of the membrane can be specifically adjusted by:
  • the mass fraction of the silicate in the composite targeted insertion of spacer molecules and bifunctional molecules into the silicate cavities.
  • the type and strength of the interaction of the spacer molecules with the permeate molecules depends on the type of their functional groups pointing outwards and on the type of functional groups of the permeate molecules.
  • the second functional group is available for reaction with polymers or in electromembrane processes for proton transport.
  • the resistance is 588 [ohm x cm] with layered silicate 276 [ohm x cm]

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
PCT/EP2000/003910 1999-04-30 2000-05-02 Komposite und kompositmembranen Ceased WO2000074827A2 (de)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020017013909A KR100858131B1 (ko) 1999-04-30 2000-05-02 복합물 및 복합막
EP00934975A EP1177247B1 (de) 1999-04-30 2000-05-02 Komposite und kompositmembranen
AU50635/00A AU780722B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2000-05-02 Composites and composite membranes
DE50014531T DE50014531D1 (de) 1999-04-30 2000-05-02 Komposite und kompositmembranen
CA002369703A CA2369703C (en) 1999-04-30 2000-05-02 Composites and composite membranes
JP2001501354A JP2003501516A (ja) 1999-04-30 2000-05-02 複合体および複合膜
IL14620900A IL146209A0 (en) 1999-04-30 2000-05-02 Composites and composite membranes
BRPI0010171-0A BR0010171B1 (pt) 1999-04-30 2000-05-02 Material composto e membrana compósita
IL146209A IL146209A (en) 1999-04-30 2001-10-28 Composites and composite membranes
US09/984,564 US7049020B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2001-10-30 Composites and composite membranes
US11/348,870 US7674505B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2006-02-06 Composites and composite membranes
US12/603,017 US8110517B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2009-10-21 Composites and composite membranes
US13/367,038 US9675939B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2012-02-06 Composites and composite membranes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19919881A DE19919881A1 (de) 1999-04-30 1999-04-30 Organisch-Anorganische Komposites und Kompositmembranen aus Ionomeren oder Ionomerblends und aus Schicht- oder Gerätsilicaten
DE19919881.0 1999-04-30

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US09/984,564 Continuation US7049020B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2001-10-30 Composites and composite membranes
US12/603,017 Continuation US8110517B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2009-10-21 Composites and composite membranes

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WO2000074827A2 true WO2000074827A2 (de) 2000-12-14
WO2000074827A3 WO2000074827A3 (de) 2001-03-29
WO2000074827A8 WO2000074827A8 (de) 2002-01-24

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US (4) US7049020B2 (enExample)
EP (2) EP1177247B1 (enExample)
JP (4) JP2003501516A (enExample)
KR (1) KR100858131B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN1320038C (enExample)
AT (1) ATE368703T1 (enExample)
AU (1) AU780722B2 (enExample)
BR (1) BR0010171B1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2369703C (enExample)
DE (2) DE19919881A1 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2293901T3 (enExample)
IL (2) IL146209A0 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2000074827A2 (enExample)
ZA (1) ZA200109819B (enExample)

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WO2003050169A3 (de) * 2001-05-21 2003-08-21 Thomas Haering Kovalent vernetzte kompositmembranen
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US9675939B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2017-06-13 Thomas Häring Composites and composite membranes
WO2002095856A3 (de) * 2001-05-18 2003-02-20 Intech Thueringen Gmbh Brennstoffzelle
WO2003050169A3 (de) * 2001-05-21 2003-08-21 Thomas Haering Kovalent vernetzte kompositmembranen
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US7316854B2 (en) 2003-03-14 2008-01-08 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Proton conducting material, proton conducting membrane, and fuel cell
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WO2000074827A3 (de) 2001-03-29
US20120248031A1 (en) 2012-10-04
DE50014531D1 (de) 2007-09-13
KR20020012192A (ko) 2002-02-15
BR0010171A (pt) 2002-01-15
JP2017125205A (ja) 2017-07-20
DE19919881A1 (de) 2000-11-02
US20100092833A1 (en) 2010-04-15
ES2293901T3 (es) 2008-04-01
JP2014167113A (ja) 2014-09-11
JP2012149259A (ja) 2012-08-09
BR0010171B1 (pt) 2015-02-24
EP1870429A3 (de) 2008-04-02
CN1358212A (zh) 2002-07-10
CA2369703C (en) 2008-03-25
ATE368703T1 (de) 2007-08-15
US7674505B2 (en) 2010-03-09
US8110517B2 (en) 2012-02-07
AU780722B2 (en) 2005-04-14
IL146209A0 (en) 2002-07-25
AU5063500A (en) 2000-12-28
CN1320038C (zh) 2007-06-06
WO2000074827A8 (de) 2002-01-24
CA2369703A1 (en) 2000-12-14
IL146209A (en) 2012-01-31
EP1177247A2 (de) 2002-02-06
US20060172084A1 (en) 2006-08-03
EP1177247B1 (de) 2007-08-01
KR100858131B1 (ko) 2008-09-10
US20020094466A1 (en) 2002-07-18
JP2003501516A (ja) 2003-01-14
US9675939B2 (en) 2017-06-13
ZA200109819B (en) 2003-02-26
EP1870429A2 (de) 2007-12-26

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