US9945998B2 - Optical system including curved reflective polarizer - Google Patents

Optical system including curved reflective polarizer Download PDF

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Publication number
US9945998B2
US9945998B2 US14/865,031 US201514865031A US9945998B2 US 9945998 B2 US9945998 B2 US 9945998B2 US 201514865031 A US201514865031 A US 201514865031A US 9945998 B2 US9945998 B2 US 9945998B2
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Prior art keywords
optical
reflective polarizer
optical system
disposed
image
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US14/865,031
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US20170068099A1 (en
Inventor
Andrew J. Ouderkirk
Timothy L. Wong
Zhisheng Yun
Erin A. McDowell
Gregg A. Ambur
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Priority to US14/865,031 priority Critical patent/US9945998B2/en
Assigned to 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY reassignment 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OUDERKIRK, ANDREW J., AMBUR, GREGG A., McDOWELL, Erin A., YUN, ZHISHENG, WONG, TIMOTHY L.
Priority to TW105128342A priority patent/TWI648557B/zh
Publication of US20170068099A1 publication Critical patent/US20170068099A1/en
Priority to US15/902,128 priority patent/US10754159B2/en
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    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0138—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0194—Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects

Definitions

  • an optical system including an image source emitting an undistorted image, an exit pupil, a partial reflector and a reflective polarizer.
  • the partial reflector has a first shape convex toward the image source along orthogonal first and second axes and has an average optical reflectance of at least 30% in a pre-determined plurality of wavelengths.
  • the reflective polarizer has a different second shape convex toward the image source along the first and second axes, such that a distortion of the emitted undistorted image transmitted by the exit pupil is less than about 10%.
  • thermoformed multilayer reflective polarizer substantially rotationally symmetric about an optical axis passing thorough an apex of the thermoformed multilayer reflective polarizer and convex along orthogonal first and second axes orthogonal to the optical axis.
  • the thermoformed multilayer reflective polarizer has at least one first location on the reflective polarizer having a radial distance, r 1 , from the optical axis and a displacement, s 1 , from a plane perpendicular to the optical axis at the apex, where s 1 /r 1 is at least 0.2.
  • a maximum variation of a transmission axis of the reflective polarizer is less than about 2 degrees.
  • a method of making a desired optical film having a desired shape includes the steps of providing a thermoform tool having an external surface having a first shape different than the desired shape; heating an optical film resulting in a softened optical film; conforming the softened optical film to the external surface having the first shape while stretching the softened film along at least orthogonal first and second directions resulting in a conformed optical film having the first shape; and cooling the conformed optical film resulting in the desired optical film having the desired shape.
  • an optical system including a partial reflector, a multilayer reflective polarizer, and a first quarter wave retarder disposed between the partial reflector and the multilayer reflective polarizer.
  • the partial reflector has an average optical reflectance of at least 30% in a desired plurality of wavelengths.
  • the multilayer reflective polarizer substantially transmits light having a first polarization state and substantially reflects light having an orthogonal second polarization state.
  • FIGS. 1-2 are schematic cross-sectional views of optical systems
  • FIGS. 5-9 are schematic cross-sectional views of optical systems
  • FIG. 13A is a front view of a reflective polarizer
  • FIGS. 18-23 are cross-sectional views of optical systems
  • FIG. 27A is a side view of an optical system of a head-mounted display
  • the partial reflector may also be formed by depositing thin-film dielectric coatings onto a surface of a lens, or by depositing a combination of metallic and dielectric coatings on the surface of the lens, for example.
  • the partial reflector may be a second reflective polarizer which may be a multilayer polymeric reflective polarizer (e.g., APF or DBEF) or may be a wire grid polarizer.
  • a second quarter wave retarder is disposed between the partial reflector and the image surface, and in some embodiments a linear polarizer (e.g., a linear absorbing polarizer or a second reflective polarizer) is disposed between the second quarter wave retarder and the image surface 130 .
  • the display panel is substantially flat.
  • a curved display panel is used.
  • a curved OLED (organic light emitting diode) display may be used.
  • a transparent or semi-transparent display e.g., transparent OLED, LCD, or electrophoretic displays
  • an image source comprises the image surface where the image source may include a display panel and may optionally include a shutter.
  • any of the optical systems of the present description may include a reflective polarizer, one or more quarter wave retarders, a partial reflector and a plurality of major surfaces disposed between an image surface and a stop surface. Any one or more of the reflective polarizer, the one or more quarter wave retarders, the partial reflector, and the major surfaces may have shapes described by aspheric polynomial sag equations.
  • Lens 1912 and lens 1922 are convex toward image surface 1930 about orthogonal axes (e.g., x- and y-axes). Three bundles of light rays at three locations on the image surface 1930 are illustrated. The light rays in each bundle are substantially parallel at the stop surface 1935 . The light rays may travel predominately from the stop surface 1935 to the image surface 1930 (e.g., in camera applications), or may travel predominately from the image surface 1930 to the stop surface 1935 (e.g., in display applications).
  • Panel 1989 may be a display panel or may be an image recording panel.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a thermoform tool 1681 suitable for use in thermoforming optical films.
  • Thermoform tool 1681 includes a dome-like portion 1683 having an external surface 1685 and disposed on a base 1687 .
  • the external surface 1685 may have a shape of a portion of an ellipsoid, for example.
  • the ellipsoid may have a major diameter and a minor diameter and a ratio of the major diameter to the minor diameter may be in a range of 1.01 to 1.1, or in a range of 1.01 to 1.05, for example. It has been found that thermoforming a reflective polarizer film on such an ellipsoidal tool according to method 1580 , for example, can provide a rotationally symmetric reflective polarizer upon removing the film from the tool and allowing the film to cool.
  • the head-mounted display 1790 includes an eye tracking system adapted to detect changes in pupil size and use that information to quantify user fatigue and cognitive processing load. In some embodiments, the head-mounted display 1790 is adapted (e.g., using an algorithm running on an embedded processor) to implement one or more or all of the following steps:
  • the reflective polarizer 2427 , the partial reflector 2417 , and the first quarter wave retarder 2425 may correspond to any of the reflective polarizers, the partial reflectors or the quarter wave retarders described elsewhere herein.
  • the reflective polarizer 2427 is a polymeric multilayer reflective polarizer (e.g., APF) and in some embodiments the reflective polarizer 2427 is a wire grid polarizer.
  • the reflective polarizer 2427 may be curved about orthogonal first and second axes and may be thermoformed into the desired shape.
  • the partial reflector 2417 may be curved about orthogonal first and second axes or may alternatively be flat or curved about only one axis.
  • the light source 2550 a may include a polarizing element such that light having substantially a single polarization state is directed into first prism 2510 a towards reflective polarizer 2530 a .
  • light source 2550 a may be or may include one or more of an LED, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a laser, a laser diode, an incandescent lighting element, and an arc lamp.
  • Light source 2550 a may also include a lens, such as a condenser lens, in addition to lighting emitting element(s) such as LED(s).
  • the first or second prisms may have one or more curved faces to provide a desired optical power.
  • an area of the sample centered on the apex of the film and having a 20 mm diameter circular aperture was identified and the maximum variation of a transmission axis of the sample (maximum angular deviation of the transmission axis from a fixed direction minus minimum angular deviation of the transmission axis from the fixed direction) in the aperture was determined.
  • the maximum variation was 1.707 degrees
  • the maximum variation was 0.751 degrees
  • the wire grid polarizer the maximum variation was 0.931 degrees.
  • the boundary of the area had a sag of 1.32 mm at a radial distance of 10 mm from a rotational symmetry axis of the samples.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
  • Blocking Light For Cameras (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
US14/865,031 2015-09-03 2015-09-25 Optical system including curved reflective polarizer Active US9945998B2 (en)

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US14/865,031 US9945998B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2015-09-25 Optical system including curved reflective polarizer
TW105128342A TWI648557B (zh) 2015-09-03 2016-09-02 光學系統
US15/902,128 US10754159B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2018-02-22 Optical system

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US201562214049P 2015-09-03 2015-09-03
US14/865,031 US9945998B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2015-09-25 Optical system including curved reflective polarizer

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US (40) US9945998B2 (enExample)
EP (12) EP3195028A1 (enExample)
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KR (13) KR101851514B1 (enExample)
CN (22) CN106501955B (enExample)
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