TWI551574B - 有機化合物、光調變組成物、與光調變裝置 - Google Patents

有機化合物、光調變組成物、與光調變裝置 Download PDF

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TWI551574B
TWI551574B TW104138432A TW104138432A TWI551574B TW I551574 B TWI551574 B TW I551574B TW 104138432 A TW104138432 A TW 104138432A TW 104138432 A TW104138432 A TW 104138432A TW I551574 B TWI551574 B TW I551574B
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light modulation
compound
composition
organic compound
alkyl group
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龔宇睿
黃莉婷
呂奇明
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財團法人工業技術研究院
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Priority to US14/978,906 priority patent/US10007164B2/en
Priority to JP2015256675A priority patent/JP6234427B2/ja
Priority to CN201511022262.9A priority patent/CN106748868B/zh
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Description

有機化合物、光調變組成物、與光調變裝置
本發明係關於有機化合物,更特別關於包含其之光調變組成物與應用其之光調變裝置。
電致變色相關產品由於其低驅動電壓(<3.0V)及雙穩態的特性在綠色節能產業上備受矚目,全球將此技術視為未來數十年的重要產業,然而電致變色材料在其中扮演舉足輕重的關鍵角色。目前電致變色材料因為壽命跟耐久性需求,多半使用無機氧化物。然而無機氧化物其製備多半仰賴真空蒸鍍、噴霧熱分解、及濺鍍等昂貴設備進行鍍膜,因成本過高造成目前使用普及率不高。以材料本質來說,無機氧化物的主要缺點為變色時間緩慢,且電致變色後的色調較無變化。有機系統中,共軛型高分子可多彩化且變色速度快,但主要缺點為單體成本過高、合成步驟繁雜(多為電聚合方式,其分子量不易控制)、且受電極線路的限制而不易大面積化。共軛型電致變色高分子因其共軛長度,中性態多半帶有很深的顏色,需施加電壓使其顏色由深轉淡(非完全透明)。在人為動態控制選擇上,若需透明狀態則需驅動給電,造成耗能的缺點。小分子如三芳香胺及其衍生物具有良好電洞傳導性質,多應用於OLED 的電洞傳導層,亦可應用於電致變色的應用上。然而三芳香胺的衍生物其在一般的電解液下溶解性不佳,進而限制了有機小分子在電致變色上的應用。
綜上所述,目前亟需新的化合物以用於電致變色相關產品。
本發明一實施例提供之有機化合物,其結構為:X-Ar-X, 其中X係、或,且R1係烷基;R3係H、烷基、或烷氧基;且R4係H或甲基; Ar係, Ar’係、 或,Ar”係、 或,且Ar3、或,且R2係H、烷基、或烷氧基。
本發明一實施例提供之光調變組成物,包括:第一可氧化化合物,係上述之有機化合物;可還原化合物;電解質;以及溶劑。
本發明一實施例提供之光調變裝置,包括:對電極,具有表面具有透明導電層之第一透明基板,及表面具有透明導電層之第二透明基板,且透明導電層相對組立;間隙膠,間隙膠係接合於對電極具透明導電層之側面間,且對電極與間隙膠間形成密閉空間;以及上述之光調變組成物注入填滿密閉空間。
11、19‧‧‧透明基板
13、17‧‧‧透明導電層
14‧‧‧間隙膠
15‧‧‧光調變組成物
第1圖係本發明一實施例中,光調變裝置的示意圖。
第2圖係本發明實施例中,有機化合物的循環伏安譜。
第3圖係本發明實施例中,有機化合物的循環伏安譜。
第4圖係本發明實施例中,有機化合物於中性態與氧化態之穿透光譜。
第5圖係本發明實施例中,有機化合物於中性態與氧化態之穿透光譜。
第6圖係本發明實施例中,光調變裝置於開關狀態之穿透光譜。
第7圖係本發明一實施例中,光調變裝置於開關循環後之穿透光譜。
第8圖係本發明一實施例中,光調變裝置於施加不同電壓後之穿透光譜。
一般的三芳香胺衍生物(包含五苯二胺及多苯二胺)在有機的電解液中溶解性不佳,加工上多需要高溫蒸鍍而限制了它在溶液型的電致變色上的應用。為了簡化製程同時保有三芳香胺的電致變色特性,將含有烷鏈的醯胺基或醯亞胺基導入三芳香胺結構中,以有效提升三芳香胺於電解液中的溶解性以利加工,並可提升其退色時的反應速度。就色彩調控部分,搭配其他的可氧化化合物,亦可達多彩效果。
本發明一實施例提供之光調變化合物,其結構為:X-Ar-X, 其中X係、或,且R1係烷基,R3係H、 烷基、或烷氧基,且R4係H或甲基;Ar係,Ar’係、或,Ar”係、或,且Ar3、或,且R2係H、烷基、或烷氧基。
在一實施例中,可根據文獻J.Polym.Sci.Part A:Polym.Chem.2006,44,pp4579-4592中的合成方法去製備中間二硝基產物,並經由還原反應得到二胺單體。上述反應流程圖如式1或式2所示。之後取羧酸或酸酐與二胺單體反應即得有機化合物。在式1與式2中Ar’、Ar”、與R2之定義同前述。上述之有機化合物除了可應用於電致變色元件之外,亦用於氧化還原感測器、半導體、太陽能電池、有機電發光元件、非線性材料等等中具電洞傳輸特性的化合物。
在一實施例中,有機化合物之結構如式3所示。在式3中,R5係C1-8之烷基。
在一實施例中,有機化合物之結構如式4所示。在式4中,R4係H或甲基。
在一實施例中,有機化合物之結構如式5所示。在式5中,R6係C1-8之烷基。
在一實施例中,有機化合物之結構如式6所示。在式6中,R4係H或甲基。
在一實施例中,可將上述有機化合物作為可氧化化合物,搭配可還原化合物、電解質、與溶劑作為光調變組成物。在一實施例中,可氧化化合物與可還原化合物之莫耳比例為約1:20至20:1之間。在一實施例中,可氧化化合物與電解質之莫耳比介於1:1至1:20之間。若電解質比例過低,則變色及退色速度慢。在本發明一實施例中,電解質至少包含一種惰性傳導鹽,適當惰性傳導鹽包括鋰鹽、鈉鹽及四烷基銨鹽。溶劑包括在所選定之電壓下對氧化還原為惰性之所有溶劑,且其不能夠離解而形成親電子基或親核基,或其本身不會作為足夠強之親電子基或親核基進行反應,且因此不會與帶有顏色之離子性自由基反應。其實例為碳酸丙烯酯(PC)、γ-丁內脂(GBL)、乙腈、丙腈、戊二腈、甲基戊二腈、3,3’-氧二丙腈、羥基丙腈、二甲基甲醯胺、N-甲基四氫吡咯酮、環丁吡、3-甲基環丁吡或其混合物。較佳為碳酸丙烯酯及其與戊二腈之混合物。且電解質濃度介於0.01M至1.5M之間。
在一實施例中,可還原化合物係、或上述之組合,其中R7係C1-10之烷基。在本發明另一實施例中,可氧化化合物可進一步包含其他可氧化化合物,其結構為 、或上述之組合,其中R8係H或烷基。
在本發明一實施例中,光調變裝置包括對電極,包括表面具有透明導電層之第一透明基板,及表面具有透明導電層之第二透明基板,且第一透明基板與第二透明基板之透明導電層相對組立。光調變裝置亦包含間隙膠接合於透明導電層之側面之間,且對電極與該間隙膠間形成密閉空間;以及上述光調變組成物填滿密閉空間。
如第1圖所示,一對電極包括透明導電層13,位於透明基板11之表面上,以及透明導電層17,位於透明基板19之表面上,其中透明導電層13與透明導電層17相對組立,並以間隙膠14接合該對電極,間隙膠係位於該對電極具透明導電層13及17之側面間,且該對電極與該間隙膠間形成一密閉空間。接 著經由間隙膠14上保留的孔洞將光調變組成物15填入透明導電層13及17與間隙膠14之間的空間,再封住孔洞即完成光調變裝置。透明基板可由玻璃或塑膠(例如聚碳酸酯)製成,導電層包含例如氧化銦錫(ITO)、銻-或氟-摻雜之氧化錫(FTO)、銻-或鋁-摻雜之氧化鋅、氧化錫。間隙膠可由填隙物及熱固性或光化學上可熟化之黏著劑混合製得。黏著劑例如為環氧樹脂與丙烯酸酯樹脂。填隙物可例如塑膠、玻璃珠、或某些砂粉。間隙膠14之厚度(即透明導電層13與17之間的距離)介於10μm至300μm之間。若透明導電層之間的距離過小,則有漏電及變色不均勻的現象。若透明導電層之間的距離過大,則反應速度變慢。上述光調變裝置在不通電時,其光調變組成物原本的中性態為透明。藉由施加正電壓至光調變裝置,其顏色將逐漸轉深。一旦關閉電源,則光調變組成物在短時間內(小於1秒)即恢復為原本的透明狀態。由實驗結果可知,上述光調變裝置之透明/深色之間的開關循環可重複超過10000次,即光調變組成物具有良好的穩定性。
為了讓本揭露之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉數實施例配合所附圖示,作詳細說明如下:
實施例
以下實施例所提及之量測儀器及方法:在下列實施例之循環伏安法(cyclic voltammetry,CV)係使用三電極系統進行測量,其中以ITO玻璃作為工作電極(面積約為3.0cm×2.0cm),而參考電極(reference electrode)為自製的Ag/AgCl(飽和KCl) 電極,輔助電極(auxiliary electrode)為白金絲或白金網,電解液為0.1M之四丁基過氯酸銨的乙腈溶液,且掃描速率為50mV/s。其中氧化還原電位的平均值定義為材料之半波電位。
實施例A1(雙異丁基醯胺三苯胺的製備)
取10.0克之4-甲氧基三苯胺二胺(MeOTPA-diNH2)與6.40克異丁酸置於反應瓶中混合。取25mL之二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)作為溶劑加入反應瓶後,再取20.3克磷酸三苯酯(TPP)及5.68克之吡啶作為催化劑加入反應瓶。將反應瓶中的混合物加熱至105℃反應4小時後冷卻至室溫,再將反應結果倒入乙醇中析出固體。收集固體後沖洗烘乾,即得白色產物。上述反應如式7所示,且產物之光譜如下:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 1.02(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),2.49(m,2H),3.66(s,3H),6.78(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),6.81(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.87(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),9.65(s,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 19.5,34.8,55.2,114.8,120.4,122.9,125.7,133.9,140.5,143.0,155.2,174.8.Anal.calcd for C27H31N3O3:C,72.78;H,7.01;N,9.43;found:C,72.69;H,7.03;N,9.51。上述產物之循環伏安譜如第2圖所示,氧化還原電位如第1表所示,中性態與氧化態之穿透光譜如第4圖所示,而中性態與氧化態於不同波長之穿透度如第2表所示。
實施例A2(雙環己烷基醯胺三苯胺的製備)
取10.0克之MeOTPA-diNH2與8.40克環己酸置於反應瓶中混合。取25mL之DMAc作為溶劑加入反應瓶中,並取20.3克之TPP及5.68克之吡啶作為催化劑加入反應瓶。將反應瓶中的混合物加熱至105℃反應4小時後冷卻至室溫,再將反應結果倒入乙醇中析出固體。收集固體後沖洗烘乾,即得白色產物。上述反應如式8所示,且產物之光譜如下:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 1.13~1.44(m,10H),1.63~1.79(m,10H),2.29(t,2H),3.72(s,3H),6.84(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),6.88(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.95(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),9.67(s,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 13.9,22.0,25.1,28.5,28.6,31.2,55.2,114.8,120.2,122.8,125.8,140.5,143.0,155.24,170.8.Anal.calcd for C33H39N3O3:C,75.4;H,7.48;N,7.99;found:C,74.8;H,7.45;N,7.87。上述產物之氧化還原電位如第1表所示,而中性態與氧化態於不同波長之穿透度如第2表所示。
實施例A3(雙庚烷基醯胺三苯胺的製備)
取10.0克之MeOTPA-diNH2與9.45克之辛酸置於反應瓶中混合。取25mL之DMAc作為溶劑加入反應瓶中,並取20.3克之 TPP及5.68克之吡啶作為催化劑加入反應瓶。將反應瓶中的混合物加熱至105℃反應4小時後冷卻至室溫,再將反應結果倒入乙醇中析出固體。收集固體後沖洗烘乾,即得白色產物。上述反應如式9所示,且產物之光譜如下:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 0.86(t,6H),1.26~1.59(m,16H),2.51(t,4H),3.73(s,3H),6.85(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),6.88(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.95(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),9.76(s,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 13.9,22.0,25.2,28.5,28.6,31.2,55.2,114.8,120.2,122.8,125.8,133.8,140.5,143.0,155.2,170.8.Anal.calcd for C33H43N3O3:C,74.82;H,8.18;N,7.93;found:C,74.89;H,8.09;N,7.88。上述產物之氧化還原電位如第1表所示,而中性態與氧化態於不同波長之穿透度如第2表所示。
實施例A4(雙環己烷基醯胺五苯二胺的製備)
取10.0克之4-甲氧基五苯二胺(MeOTPPA-diNH2)與5.1克之環己酸置於反應瓶中混合。取25mL之DMAc作為溶劑加入反應瓶中,並取20.3克之TPP及5.68克之吡啶作為催化劑加入反應瓶。將反應瓶中的混合物加熱至105℃反應4小時後冷卻至室溫,再將反應結果倒入乙醇中析出固體。收集固體後沖洗烘乾,即得白色產物。上述反應如式10所示,且產物之光譜如下: 1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 1.24~1.38(m,10H),1.40~1.75(m,10H),1.77(t,2H),3.72(s,6H),6.79(s,4H),6.87~6.88(m,6H),6.97(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),9.69(s,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 25.2,25.4,29.1,44.7,55.2,114.8,120.3,123.0,123.2,125.9,134.0,140.4,142.0,142.9,155.3,173.8.Anal.calcd for C46H52N4O4:C,76.21;H,7.23;N,7.73;found:C,75.95;H,7.29;N,7.75。上述產物之循環伏安譜如第3圖所示,氧化還原電位如第1表所示,中性態與氧化態之穿透光譜如第5圖所示,而中性態與氧化態於不同波長之穿透度如第2表所示。
實施例B1(雙環己烷醯亞胺三苯胺的製備)
取1.50克MeOTPA-diNH2與1.70克六氫苯酐(HHPA)置於反應瓶中混合。取2.5mL之DMAc作為溶劑加入反應瓶中,並取少量之異喹啉作為催化劑加入反應瓶。將反應瓶中的混合物加熱至210℃反應5小時後冷卻至室溫,以甲醇稀釋反結果後將其倒入水中析出固體。收集固體後沖洗烘乾,即得米白色產物。上述反應如式11所示,且產物之光譜如下:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 1.38(m,4H),1.73(q,4H),3.08(q,2H),3.75(s,3H),6.97(d,J=9.5Hz,2H),7.02(d,J=9.0Hz,4H),7.11(d,J =9.5Hz,2H),7.14(d,J=9.0Hz,4H).13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 21.4,23.4,55.3,115.4,122.0,126.2,127.9,128.1,139.1,147.0,156.7,178.8.Anal.calcd for C35H35N3O5:C,72.77;H,6.11;N,7.27;found:C,72.35;H,6.16;N,7.25。上述產物之循環伏安譜如第2圖所示,氧化還原電位如第1表所示,氧化態之穿透光譜如第4圖所示,而中性態與氧化態於不同波長之穿透度如第2表所示。
實施例B2(雙環己烷醯亞胺五苯二胺的製備)
取5.0克之MeOTPPA-diNH2與3.06克之HHPA置於反應瓶中混合。取7.5mL之DMAc作為溶劑加入反應瓶中,並取少量之異喹啉作為催化劑加入反應瓶。將反應瓶中的混合物加熱至210℃反應5小時後冷卻至室溫,以甲醇稀釋反結果後將其倒入水中析出固體。收集固體後沖洗烘乾,即得米白色產物。上述反應如式12所示,且產物之光譜如下:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 1.36~1.42(m,8H),1.70~2.00(m,8H),3.08(t,4H),3.74(s,6H),6.92~7.10(m,20H).13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):δ 21.3,21.4,23.3,55.2,115.2,120.2,124.9,125.0,127.5,127.7,139.4,142.2,147.6,156.3,178.8.Anal.calcd for C48H46N4O6:C,74.40;H,5.98;N,7.23;found:C,74.21; H,6.03;N,7.27。上述產物之循環伏安譜如第3圖所示,氧化還原電位如第1表所示,中性態與氧化態之穿透光譜如第5圖所示,而中性態與氧化態於不同波長之穿透度如第2表所示。
由第1表及第1與2圖可知,三苯胺系統(實施例A1至A3與B1)僅具一段氧化還原峰,而五苯二胺系統(實施例A4與B2)具有兩段的氧化還原峰。末端為醯胺(amido)基團及(imido)醯亞胺基的電位值差異極大(A1 vs.B1,及A4 vs.B2)。藉由末端官能基不同,可調控光調變化合物的氧化還原電位。
由第2表及第3與4圖可知,三苯胺化合物A1及B1在可見光區遮蔽效果都優於比較例PSN,且五苯二胺化合物不僅可吸收可見光區,在NIR區段的熱輻射吸收效果尤佳。簡言之,五苯二胺化合物具有防紫外線及NIR吸收的特性。
實施例C1(光調變裝置的製備)
將四丁基四氟硼酸銨(TBABF4)溶於碳酸丙烯酯(PC)中,形成0.5M之溶液。將實施例A2之產物與紫精[(HV(BF4)2]溶於上 述溶液形成光調變組成物溶液,其中實施例A2之產物濃度為0.1M,紫精濃度為0.05M。裁切兩片適宜大小之ITO導電玻璃,以間隙膠定義ITO導電玻璃之間的間距(50μm)後,將前述配製好的光調變組成物溶液灌入ITO導電玻璃之間的空間,封口後即得光調變裝置。對上述光調變裝置施加1.4V之工作電壓,用來量測光譜電化學法係以Agilent 8453 UV-Vis光譜儀同步偵測樣品的UV-Vis-NIR光譜,其對不同波長之穿透度如第3表所示。
實施例C2(光調變裝置的製備)
將TBABF4溶於PC中,形成0.5M之溶液。將實施例B1之產物與紫精[(HV(BF4)2]溶於上述溶液形成光調變組成物溶液,其中實施例B1之產物濃度為0.1M,紫精濃度為0.05M。裁切兩片適宜大小之ITO導電玻璃,以間隙膠定義ITO導電玻璃之間的間距(50μm)後,將前述配製好的光調變組成物溶液灌入ITO導電玻璃之間的空間,封口後即得光調變裝置。對上述光調變裝置施加1.6V之工作電壓,量測其對不同波長之穿透度如第3表所示。上述裝置之中性態(關閉態)與氧化態(開啟態)的穿透光譜如第6圖所示。
實施例C3(光調變裝置的製備)
將TBABF4溶於PC中,形成0.5M之溶液。將實施例A4之產物與紫精[(HV(BF4)2]溶於上述溶液形成光調變組成物溶液,其中實施例A4之產物濃度為0.1M,紫精濃度為0.05M。裁切兩片適宜大小之ITO導電玻璃,以間隙膠定義ITO導電玻璃之間的間距(50μm)後,將前述配製好的光調變組成物溶液灌入ITO導電玻璃之間的空間,封口後即得光調變裝置。對上述光調變裝置 施加1.1V之工作電壓,量測其對不同波長之穿透度如第3表所示。
實施例C4(光調變裝置的製備)
將TBABF4溶於碳酸丙烯酯(PC)中,形成0.5M之溶液。將實施例B2之產物與紫精[(HV(BF4)2]溶於上述溶液形成光調變組成物溶液,其中實施例B2之產物濃度為0.1M,紫精濃度為0.05M。裁切兩片適宜大小之ITO導電玻璃,以間隙膠定義ITO導電玻璃之間的間距(50μm)後,將前述配製好的光調變組成物溶液灌入ITO導電玻璃之間的空間,封口後即得光調變裝置。對上述光調變裝置施加1.3V之工作電壓,量測其對不同波長之穿透度如第3表所示。
由第3表及第6圖可知,加入紫精後的實施例均可 看出於波長600nm附近增加遮蔽的效果。實施例C3及C4的五苯二胺系統在波長400~500nm的遮蔽率,皆大於實施例C1及C2。與比較例H相比較,所有實施例在波長350~800nm的遮蔽率都較高,因為三苯胺或五苯二胺系統在氧化還原狀態的共軛性較佳。
實施例D(光調變裝置的壽命量測)
將TBABF4溶於碳酸丙烯酯(PC)中,形成0.5M之溶液。將實施例A1之產物與紫精[(HV(BF4)2]溶於上述溶液形成光調變組成物溶液,其中實施例A1之產物濃度為0.1M,紫精濃度為0.05M。裁切兩片適宜大小之ITO導電玻璃,以間隙膠定義ITO導電玻璃之間的間距(50μm)後,將前述配製好的光調變組成物溶液灌入ITO導電玻璃之間的空間,封口後即得光調變裝置。
對上述光調變裝置施加正向電壓1.30V(開啟狀態)持續3.250秒後,提供負電壓-1.30V持續0.375秒(關閉狀態),最後零電位0V(原本中性態)停留3.675秒。重複上述循環進行循環壽命測試,由穿透光譜(見第7圖)可見,原本中性態時可見光區完全無吸收,轉變成氧化態時可見光區的綠光及紅光區被吸收(裝置呈藍色)。此外,上述光調變裝置的開/關循環次數在超過10000次後仍具有類似之開/關狀態之穿透圖譜,證明其穩定性。上述光調變裝置於不同狀態對不同波長的光穿透度如第4表所示。
實施例E(透明-綠色之光調變互補式元件的製備)
將TBABF4溶於PC中,形成0.5M之溶液。將實施例A1之產物、5,10-二甲基吩嗪(DMP)、與紫精[(HV(BF4)2]溶於上述溶液形成光調變組成物溶液,其中實施例A1之產物濃度為0.025M、DMP濃度為0.025M、且紫精濃度為0.05M。裁切兩片適宜大小之ITO導電玻璃,以間隙膠定義ITO導電玻璃之間的間距(50μm)後,將前述配製好的光調變組成物溶液灌入ITO導電玻璃之間的空間,封口後即得光調變裝置。
對上述光調變裝置施加正向電壓慢慢增加至1.3V,由光譜可見裝置對波長450nm之光穿透度降低至10.4%。至於裝置外觀則由透明的中性態慢慢轉變成墨綠色的開啟態。之後移開正向電壓,光調變裝置在1秒內回復為透明的中性態(關閉態)。
實施例F(透明-深藍色之光調變互補式元件的製備)
將TBABF4溶於PC中,形成0.5M之溶液。將實施例A1之產物、吩噻嗪(PSN)、N-甲基吩噻嗪(MePSN)、與紫精[(HV(BF4)2]溶於上述溶液形成光調變組成物溶液,其中實施例A1之產物濃度為0.05M、PSN濃度為0.05M、MePSN濃度為0.05M,且紫精濃度為0.05M。裁切兩片適宜大小之ITO導電玻璃,以間隙膠定 義ITO導電玻璃之間的間距(50μm)後,將前述配製好的光調變組成物溶液灌入ITO導電玻璃之間的空間,封口後即得光調變裝置。
對上述光調變裝置施加正向電壓慢慢增加至1.5V,由光譜可見裝置對波長450nm之光穿透度降低至10.4%。至於裝置外觀則由透明的中性態慢慢轉變成深藍色的開啟態。之後移開正向電壓,光調變裝置在1秒內回復為透明的中性態(關閉態)。
實施例G(透明-黑色之光調變互補式元件的製備)
將TBABF4溶於PC中,形成0.5M之溶液。將實施例A1之產物、PSN、N-甲基吩噻嗪(MePSN)、與紫精[(HV(BF4)2]溶於上述溶液形成光調變組成物溶液,其中實施例A1之產物濃度為0.1M、PSN濃度為0.1M、MePSN濃度為0.1M,且紫精濃度為0.1M。裁切兩片適宜大小之ITO導電玻璃,以間隙膠定義ITO導電玻璃之間的間距(50μm)後,將前述配製好的光調變組成物溶液灌入ITO導電玻璃之間的空間,封口後即得光調變裝置。
對上述光調變裝置施加正向電壓慢慢增加至1.5V,由光譜可見波長450nm之光穿透度在電壓1.2V時達9.8%,在電壓達1.5V時光學穿透度達1.8%。至於裝置外觀則由透明的中性態慢慢轉變成黑色的開啟態。上述裝置在不同電壓下之光穿透度圖譜如第8圖所示。之後移開正向電壓,光調變裝置在1秒內回復為透明的中性態(關閉態)。
比較例H(光調變裝置的製備)
將TBABF4溶於PC中,形成0.5M之溶液。將PSN與紫精 [(HV(BF4)2]溶於上述溶液形成光調變組成物溶液,其中PSN濃度為0.1M,紫精濃度為0.05M。裁切兩片適宜大小之ITO導電玻璃,以間隙膠定義ITO導電玻璃之間的間距(50μm)後,將前述配製好的光調變組成物溶液灌入ITO導電玻璃之間的空間,封口後即得光調變裝置。上述光調變組成物之氧化態之穿透光譜如第4圖所示,而中性態與氧化態之穿透度如第2表所示。
對上述光調變裝置施加正向電壓慢慢增加至1.3V,裝置外觀由淡藍色的中性態慢慢轉變成深藍色的開啟態。量測上述光調變裝置對不同波長之穿透度如第3表所示。上述光調變裝置之中性態與氧化態(開啟態)的穿透圖譜如第6圖所示。
雖然本揭露以數個實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何本技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本揭露之精神和範圍內,當可作任意之更動與潤飾,因此本揭露之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
11、19‧‧‧透明基板
13、17‧‧‧透明導電層
14‧‧‧間隙膠
15‧‧‧光調變組成物

Claims (17)

  1. 一種有機化合物,其結構為X-Ar-X, 其中X係 ,且R1係烷基;R3係H、烷基、或烷氧基;且R4係H或甲基; Ar係, Ar’係 Ar”係、或, Ar3、或,且R2係H、烷基、或烷氧基。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機化合物,其中R1係C1-8之烷基。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機化合物,其中R2係H、C1-8之烷基、或C1-8之烷氧基。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機化合物,其中R3係H、C1-8之烷基、或C1-8之烷氧基。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機化合物,其結構為: ,其中R5係C1-8之烷基。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機化合物,其結構為: ,其中R4係C1-8之烷基。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機化合物,其結構為:,其中R6係C1-8之烷基。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機化合物,其結構為:,其中R5係C1-8之烷基。
  9. 一種光調變組成物,包括:一第一可氧化化合物,係申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機化合物;一可還原化合物;一電解質;以及一溶劑。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之光調變組成物,其中該電解質係有機銨鹽或無機鋰鹽。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之光調變組成物,其中該 第一可氧化化合物與該電解質之莫耳比例介於1:1至1:20之間,而可還原化合物與該電解質之莫耳比例介於1:1至1:20之間。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之光調變組成物,其中該電解質之濃度介於0.01M至1.5M之間。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之光調變組成物,其中該可還原化合物係、或上述之組合,其中R7係C1-10之烷基。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之光調變組成物,更包括一第二可氧化化合物,其中該第二可氧化化合物之結構為: 、或上述之組合,其中R8係H或烷基。
  15. 一種光調變裝置,包括:一對電極,其包括:第一透明基板,其一表面具有透明導電層;以及第二透明基板,其一表面具有透明導電層,該二透明導電層相對組立;一間隙膠,該間隙膠係接合於該對電極具透明導電層之一 側面間,且該對電極與該間隙環間形成一密閉空間;以及一光調變組成物填入該密閉空間,其中該光調變組成物包括:一第一可氧化化合物,係申請專利範圍第1項所述之光調變化合物;一可還原化合物;一電解質;以及一溶劑。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之光調變裝置,其中該光調變組成物更包括一第二可氧化化合物,其中該第二可氧化化合物之結構為: 、或上述之組合,其中R8係H或烷基。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第16項所述之光調變裝置,其中該第一透明導電層與該第二透明導電層之間的距離介於10μm至300μm之間。
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