US20110288107A1 - Topical formulation for a jak inhibitor - Google Patents

Topical formulation for a jak inhibitor Download PDF

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US20110288107A1
US20110288107A1 US13/112,370 US201113112370A US2011288107A1 US 20110288107 A1 US20110288107 A1 US 20110288107A1 US 201113112370 A US201113112370 A US 201113112370A US 2011288107 A1 US2011288107 A1 US 2011288107A1
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formulation
weight
component
pharmaceutical formulation
independently selected
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Bhavnish Parikh
Bhavesh Shah
Krishnaswamy Yeleswaram
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Incyte Holdings Corp
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Incyte Corp
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Priority to US13/112,370 priority Critical patent/US20110288107A1/en
Application filed by Incyte Corp filed Critical Incyte Corp
Assigned to INCYTE CORPORATION reassignment INCYTE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PARIKH, BHAVNISH, YELESWARAM, KRISHNASWAMY, SHAH, BHAVESH
Publication of US20110288107A1 publication Critical patent/US20110288107A1/en
Priority to US14/714,820 priority patent/US20150250790A1/en
Assigned to INCYTE HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND INCYTE CORPORATION reassignment INCYTE HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND INCYTE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INCYTE CORPORATION
Assigned to INCYTE CORPORATION, INCYTE HOLDINGS CORPORATION reassignment INCYTE CORPORATION CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE OMMISSION OF SECOND RECEIVING PARTY NAME PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 035292 FRAME: 0004. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: INCYTE CORPORATION
Priority to US16/566,625 priority patent/US10758543B2/en
Priority to US16/947,735 priority patent/US10869870B2/en
Priority to US16/948,408 priority patent/US11219624B2/en
Priority to US17/541,439 priority patent/US20220211707A1/en
Priority to US17/704,155 priority patent/US20220370455A1/en
Priority to US17/704,180 priority patent/US11590136B2/en
Priority to US17/704,168 priority patent/US11571425B2/en
Priority to US18/089,651 priority patent/US20230277541A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
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    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
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    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
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    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
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    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
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    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
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    • A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
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    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
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    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
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    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
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    • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations for topical skin application comprising (R)-3-cyclopentyl-3-[4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]propanenitrile, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and use in the treatment of skin disorders.
  • Protein kinases regulate diverse biological processes including cell growth, survival, differentiation, organ formation, morphogenesis, neovascularization, tissue repair, and regeneration, among others. Protein kinases also play specialized roles in a host of human diseases including cancer. Cytokines, low-molecular weight polypeptides or glycoproteins, regulate many pathways involved in the host inflammatory response to sepsis. Cytokines influence cell differentiation, proliferation and activation, and can modulate both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses to allow the host to react appropriately to pathogens.
  • JAKs Janus kinase family
  • JAK2 Janus kinase-1
  • JAK2 JAK2
  • JAK3 also known as Janus kinase, leukocyte
  • JAKL protein-tyrosine kinase 2
  • TYK2 protein-tyrosine kinase 2
  • Cytokine-stimulated immune and inflammatory responses contribute to pathogenesis of diseases: pathologies such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) arise from suppression of the immune system, while a hyperactive or inappropriate immune/inflammatory response contributes to the pathology of autoimmune diseases (e.g., asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroiditis, myocarditis), and illnesses such as scleroderma and osteoarthritis (Ortmann, R. A., T. Cheng, et al. (2000) Arthritis Res 2(1): 16-32).
  • SCID severe combined immunodeficiency
  • Jak1 ⁇ / ⁇ mice are runted at birth, fail to nurse, and die perinatally (Rodig, S. J., M. A. Meraz, et al. (1998) Cell 93(3): 373-83). Jak2 ⁇ / ⁇ mouse embryos are anemic and die around day 12.5 postcoitum due to the absence of definitive erythropoiesis.
  • the JAK/STAT pathway and in particular all four JAKs, are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of asthmatic response, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, and other related inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract.
  • Multiple cytokines that signal through JAKs have been linked to inflammatory diseases/conditions of the upper respiratory tract, such as those affecting the nose and sinuses (e.g., rhinitis and sinusitis) whether classically allergic reactions or not.
  • the JAK/STAT pathway has also been implicated in inflammatory diseases/conditions of the eye and chronic allergic responses.
  • Activation of JAK/STAT in cancers may occur by cytokine stimulation (e.g. IL-6 or GM-CSF) or by a reduction in the endogenous suppressors of JAK signaling such as SOCS (suppressor or cytokine signaling) or PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) (Boudny, V., and Kovarik, J., Neoplasm. 49:349-355, 2002).
  • Activation of STAT signaling, as well as other pathways downstream of JAKs e.g., Akt
  • Elevated levels of circulating cytokines that signal through JAK/STAT play a causal role in cachexia and/or chronic fatigue. As such, JAK inhibition may be beneficial to cancer patients for reasons that extend beyond potential anti-tumor activity.
  • Inhibition of the JAK kinases is also envisioned to have therapeutic benefits in patients suffering from skin immune disorders such as psoriasis, and skin sensitization.
  • skin immune disorders such as psoriasis, and skin sensitization.
  • psoriasis vulgaris the most common form of psoriasis, it has been generally accepted that activated T lymphocytes are important for the maintenance of the disease and its associated psoriatic plaques (Gott Kunststoff, A. B., et al, Nat Rev Drug Disc., 4:19-34).
  • Psoriatic plaques contain a significant immune infiltrate, including leukocytes and monocytes, as well as multiple epidermal layers with increased keratinocyte proliferation.
  • JAK inhibitors Given the usefulness of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of skin disorders, there is a need for improved topical formulations of JAK inhibitors. In particular, there is a need for stable, easily applied formulations for JAK inhibitors with good skin permeation characteristics.
  • the formulations of the invention, as well the methods described herein are directed toward this need and other ends.
  • a potent JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile, and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, has previously been described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,598,257, U.S. Patent Publ. No. 2009/0181959, and U.S. Patent Publ. No. 2008/0312259, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the present invention describes an oil-in-water formulation of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile suitable for topical administration and treatment of skin disorders.
  • a pharmaceutical formulation for topical skin application comprising:
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent which is (R)-3-cyclopentyl-3-[4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]propanenitrile, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention also provides a method of treating a skin disorder, comprising applying a pharmaceutical formulation described herein to an area of skin of the patient.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical formulation described herein for use in treatment of a skin disorder in a patient in need thereof.
  • the present invention also provides use of a pharmaceutical formulation described herein for the preparation of a medicament for use in treatment of a skin disorder in a patient in need thereof.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a flowchart describing the manufacturing process for an oil-in-water formulation of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphoric acid salt.
  • FIG. 2 depicts the change in lesion score for subjects with chronic plaque psoriasis treated with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% w/w of an oil-in-water formulation of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphoric acid salt (on a free base basis) as compared to treatment with placebo over a 12-week period (the dashed line is baseline).
  • FIG. 3 shows photographs of subjects with chronic plaque psoriasis before ( FIG. 3( a )) and after 84 days ( FIG. 3( b )) of treatment with 1.0% w/w of an oil-in-water formulation of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphoric acid salt (on a free base basis).
  • FIG. 4 shows photographs of subjects with chronic plaque psoriasis before ( FIG. 4( a )) and after 84 days ( FIG. 4( b )) of treatment with 1.0% w/w of an oil-in-water formulation of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphoric acid salt (on a free base basis).
  • FIG. 5 shows photographs of subjects with chronic plaque psoriasis before ( FIG. 5( a )) and after 84 days ( FIG. 5( b )) of treatment with 1.5% w/w of an oil-in-water formulation of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphoric acid salt (on a free base basis).
  • FIG. 6 shows photographs of subjects with chronic plaque psoriasis before ( FIG. 6( a )) and after 84 days ( FIG. 6( b )) of treatment with 0.5% w/w of an oil-in-water formulation of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphoric acid salt (on a free base basis).
  • FIG. 7 shows photographs of subjects with chronic plaque psoriasis before ( FIG. 7( a )) and after 84 days ( FIG. 7( b )) of treatment with 1.0% w/w of an oil-in-water formulation of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphoric acid salt (on a free base basis).
  • the present invention provides, inter alia, a pharmaceutical formulation for topical skin application, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:
  • the emulsion comprises water, an oil component, and an emulsifier component.
  • the term “emulsifier component” refers, in one aspect, to a substance, or mixtures of substances that maintains an element or particle in suspension within a fluid medium.
  • the emulsifier component allows an oil phase to form an emulsion when combined with water.
  • the emulsifier component refers to one or more non-ionic surfactants.
  • the oil-in-water formulations were found to have better appearance, spreadability and stability as compared with other formulations.
  • the formulations have a thick, creamy appearance which allows for good spreadability of the formulation on skin. This good spreadability leads to better skin permeation than comparable anhydrous formulations.
  • the oil-in-water formulations showed higher cumulative amounts in studies of transport across human cadaver skin over 24 hours when compared with an anhydrous ointment. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the higher cumulative amounts are believed to be due to better spreadability of the oil-in-water formulation as compared to the anhydrous ointment, resulting in increased surface area for transport.
  • a higher viscosity for the oil-in-water formulations also appeared to be preferred with respect to skin permeation as higher viscosity cream formulations had better transport across human cadaver skin as compared with oil-in-water lotions of lower viscosity.
  • oil-in-water formulations described herein were found to have good stability over a three-month period when stored at 25° C./60% RH and 40° C./75% RH in aluminum tubes and maintain reasonable viscosity over time.
  • water-in-oil formulations displayed syneresis when stored at 40° C. (syneresis means separation of liquid from the emulsion).
  • the water-in-oil formulation was also less desirable than the formulations of the invention, because the API dissolved in the base over time, leading to highly variable skin permeation in in vitro studies as well as a lack of an increase in permeability with increasing strength of the formulation.
  • formulations described herein are relatively simple to manufacture with a repeatable process of formulation.
  • the resultant product is easily packaged.
  • the formulations appear to have good stability and relatively consistent permeation profiles.
  • the oil component is present in an amount of about 10% to about 40% by weight of the formulation.
  • the oil component is present in an amount of about 17% to about 27% by weight of the formulation.
  • the oil component is present in an amount of about 20% to about 27% by weight of the formulation.
  • the oil component comprises one or more substances independently selected from petrolatums, fatty alcohols, mineral oils, triglycerides, and silicone oils.
  • the oil component comprises one or more substances independently selected from white petrolatum, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, light mineral oil, medium chain triglycerides, and dimethicone.
  • the oil component comprises an occlusive agent component.
  • the occlusive agent component is present in an amount of about 2% to about 15% by weight of the formulation.
  • the occlusive agent component is present in an amount of about 5% to about 10% by weight of the formulation.
  • occlusive agent component refers to a hydrophobic agent or mixtures of hydrophobic agents that form an occlusive film on skin that reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL) by preventing evaporation of water from the stratum corneum.
  • TEWL transepidermal water loss
  • the occlusive agent component comprises one or more substances selected from fatty acids (e.g., lanolin acid), fatty alcohols (e.g., lanolin alcohol), hydrocarbon oils & waxes (e.g., petrolatum), polyhydric alcohols (e.g., propylene glycol), silicones (e.g., dimethicone), sterols (e.g., cholesterol).
  • fatty acids e.g., lanolin acid
  • fatty alcohols e.g., lanolin alcohol
  • hydrocarbon oils & waxes e.g., petrolatum
  • polyhydric alcohols e.g., propylene glycol
  • silicones e.g., dimethicone
  • sterols e.g., cholesterol
  • vegetable or animal fat e.g., cocoa butter
  • vegetable wax e.g., Carnauba wax
  • wax ester e.g., bees wax
  • the occlusive agent component comprises one or more substances selected from lanolin acid fatty alcohols, lanolin alcohol, petrolatum, propylene glycol, dimethicone, cholesterol, cocoa butter, Carnauba wax, and bees wax.
  • the occlusive agent component comprises petrolatum.
  • the occlusive agent component comprises white petrolatum.
  • the oil component comprises a stiffening agent component.
  • the stiffening agent component is present in an amount of about 2% to about 8% by weight of the formulation.
  • the stiffening agent component is present in an amount of about 3% to about 6% by weight of the formulation.
  • the stiffening agent component is present in an amount of about 4% to about 7% by weight of the formulation.
  • the term “stiffening agent component” refers to a substance or mixture of substances that increases the viscosity and/or consistency of the formulation or improves the rheology of the formulation.
  • the stiffening agent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from fatty alcohols.
  • the stiffening agent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from C 12-20 fatty alcohols.
  • the stiffening agent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from C 16-18 fatty alcohols.
  • the stiffening agent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol.
  • the oil component comprises an emollient component.
  • the emollient component is present in an amount of about 5% to about 15% by weight of the formulation.
  • the emollient component is present in an amount of about 7% to about 13% by weight of the formulation.
  • the term “emollient component” refers to an agent that softens or soothes the skin or soothes an irritated internal surface.
  • the emollient component comprises one or more substances independently selected from mineral oils and triglycerides.
  • the emollient component comprises one or more substances independently selected from light mineral oil and medium chain triglycerides.
  • the emollient component comprises one or more substances independently selected from light mineral oil, medium chain triglycerides, and dimethicone.
  • the water is present in an amount of about 35% to about 65% by weight of the formulation.
  • the water is present in an amount of about 40% to about 60% by weight of the formulation.
  • the water is present in an amount of about 45% to about 55% by weight of the formulation.
  • the emulsifier component is present in an amount of about 1% to about 9% by weight of the formulation.
  • the emulsifier component is present in an amount of about 2% to about 6% by weight of the formulation.
  • the emulsifier component is present in an amount of about 3% to about 5% by weight of the formulation.
  • the emulsifier component is present in an amount of about 4% to about 7% by weight of the formulation.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises an emulsifier component and a stiffening agent component, wherein the combined amount of emulsifier component and stiffening agent component is at least about 8% by weight of the formulation.
  • the emulsifier component comprises one or more substances independently selected from glyceryl fatty esters and sorbitan fatty esters.
  • the emulsifier component comprises one or more substances independently selected from glyceryl stearate, and polysorbate 20.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation further comprises a stabilizing agent component.
  • the stabilizing agent component is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of the formulation.
  • the stabilizing agent component is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of the formulation.
  • the stabilizing agent component is present in an amount of about 0.3 to about 0.5% by weight of the formulation.
  • the term “stabilizing agent component” refers to a substance or mixture of substances that improves the stability of the pharmaceutical formulation and/or the compatibility of the components in the formulation. In some embodiments, the stabilizing agent component prevents agglomeration of the emulsion and stabilizes the droplets in the oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the stabilizing agent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from polysaccharides.
  • the stabilizing agent component comprises xanthan gum.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation further comprises a solvent component.
  • the solvent component is present in an amount of about 10% to about 35% by weight of the formulation.
  • the solvent component is present in an amount of about 15% to about 30% by weight of the formulation.
  • the solvent component is present in an amount of about 20% to about 25% by weight of the formulation.
  • solvent component is a liquid substance or mixture of liquid substances capable of dissolving (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile or other substances in the formulation.
  • the solvent component is a liquid substance or mixture of liquid substances in which (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, has reasonable solubility.
  • solubilities of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile (free base) or its phosphate salt are reported in Table 21.
  • a solvent is a substance or mixture thereof, in which (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt (whichever is used), has a solubility of at least about 10 mg/mL or greater, at least about 15 mg/mL or greater, or at least about 20 mg/mL or greater, when measured as described in Example 4.
  • the solvent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from alkylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols.
  • the solvent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.
  • the therapeutic agent is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 1.5% by weight of the formulation on a free base basis.
  • the therapeutic agent is present in an amount of about 0.5% by weight of the formulation on a free base basis.
  • the therapeutic agent is present in an amount of about 1% by weight of the formulation on a free base basis.
  • the therapeutic agent is present in an amount of about 1.5% by weight of the formulation on a free base basis.
  • the therapeutic agent is (R)-3-cyclopentyl-3-[4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]propanenitrile phosphate.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:
  • the pharmaceutical formulation comprises:
  • the combined amount of the stiffening agent component and the emulsifier component is at least about 8% by weight of the formulation.
  • the occlusive agent component comprises a petrolatum
  • the stiffening agent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from one or more fatty alcohols
  • the emollient component comprises one or more substances independently selected from mineral oils and triglycerides;
  • the emulsifier component comprises one or more substances independently selected from glyceryl fatty esters and sorbitan fatty esters;
  • the stabilizing agent component comprises one or more substances independently
  • the solvent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from alkylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols.
  • the occlusive agent component comprises white petrolatum
  • the stiffening agent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol;
  • the emollient component comprises one or more substances independently selected from light mineral oil, medium chain triglycerides, and dimethicone;
  • the emulsifier component comprises one or more substances independently selected from glyceryl stearate and polysorbate 20;
  • the stabilizing agent component comprises xanthan gum
  • the solvent component comprises one or more substances independently selected from propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation further comprises an antimicrobial preservative component.
  • the antimicrobial preservative component is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 3% by weight of the formulation.
  • the antimicrobial preservative component is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of the formulation.
  • antimicrobial preservative component is a substance or mixtures of substances which inhibits microbial growth in the formulation.
  • the antimicrobial preservative component comprises one or more substances independently selected from alkyl parabens and phenoxyethanol.
  • the antimicrobial preservative component comprises one or more substances independently selected from methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and phenoxyethanol.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation further comprises a chelating agent component.
  • chelating agent component refers to a compound or mixtures of compounds that has the ability to bind strongly with metal ions.
  • the chelating agent component comprises edetate disodium.
  • (R)-3-(4-(7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile can be prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,598,257 and U.S. Patent Publ. No. 2009/0181959, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the 1:1 phosphate salt of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile can be prepared as described in U.S. Patent Publ. No. 2008/0312259, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the compounds of the present invention also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds disclosed herein.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a salt formed by the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base to a compound disclosed herein.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to a substance that is acceptable for use in pharmaceutical applications from a toxicological perspective and does not adversely interact with the active ingredient.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, those derived from organic and inorganic acids such as, but not limited to, acetic, lactic, citric, cinnamic, tartaric, succinic, fumaric, maleic, malonic, mandelic, malic, oxalic, propionic, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, nitric, sulfuric, glycolic, pyruvic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, toluenesulfonic, salicylic, benzoic, and similarly known acceptable acids.
  • organic and inorganic acids such as, but not limited to, acetic, lactic, citric, cinnamic, tartaric, succinic, fumaric, maleic, malonic, mandelic, malic, oxalic, propionic, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, nitric, sulfuric, glycolic, pyruvic, methanes
  • % by weight of the formulation on a free base basis of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof” means that the % w/w is calculated based on the weight of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile in the total formulation.
  • “0.5% w/w on a free base basis” of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphate means that for 100 grams of total formulation, there are 0.66 grams of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphate in the formulation (which equates to 0.5 grams of the free base, (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile).
  • the components are present in exactly the ranges specified (e.g., the term “about” is not present). In some embodiments, “about” means plus or minus 10% of the value.
  • each component of the formulation comprises a different substance or mixture of substances.
  • component can mean one substance or a mixture of substances.
  • fatty acid refers to an aliphatic acid that is saturated or unsaturated. In some embodiments, the fatty acid is in a mixture of different fatty acids. In some embodiments, the fatty acid has between about eight to about thirty carbons on average. In some embodiments, the fatty acid has about 12 to 20, 14-20, or 16-18 carbons on average.
  • Suitable fatty acids include, but are not limited to, cetyl acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, erucic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, capric acid, caprylic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, hydroxystearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, cetostearic acid, isostearic acid, sesquioleic acid, sesqui-9-octadecanoic acid, sesquiisooctadecanoic acid, behenic acid, isobehenic acid, and arachidonic acid, or mixtures thereof.
  • fatty alcohol refers to an aliphatic alcohol that is saturated or unsaturated. In some embodiments, the fatty alcohol is in a mixture of different fatty alcohols. In some embodiments, the fatty alcohol has between about 12 to about 20, about 14 to about 20, or about 16 to about 18 carbons on average. Suitable fatty alcohols include, but are not limited to, stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, capryl alcohol, caprylyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, arachidonic alcohol, behenyl alcohol, isobehenyl alcohol, selachyl alcohol, chimyl alcohol, and linoleyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof.
  • polyalkylene glycol employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a polymer containing oxyalkylene monomer units, or copolymer of different oxyalkylene monomer units, wherein the alkylene group has 2 to 6, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • oxyalkylene employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a group of formula —O-alkylene-.
  • the polyalkylene glycol is polyethylene glycol.
  • sorbitan fatty ester includes products derived from sorbitan or sorbitol and fatty acids and, optionally, poly(ethylene glycol) units, including sorbitan esters and polyethoxylated sorbitan esters.
  • the sorbitan fatty ester is a polyethoxylated sorbitan ester.
  • sorbitan ester refers to a compound, or mixture of compounds, derived from the esterification of sorbitol and at least one fatty acid.
  • Fatty acids useful for deriving the sorbitan esters include, but are not limited to, those described herein.
  • Suitable sorbitan esters include, but are not limited to, the SpanTM series (available from Uniqema), which includes Span 20 (sorbitan monolaurate), 40 (sorbitan monopalmitate), 60 (sorbitan monostearate), 65 (sorbitan tristearate), 80 (sorbitan monooleate), and 85 (sorbitan trioleate).
  • Other suitable sorbitan esters include those listed in R. C. Rowe and P. J. Shesky, Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients, (2006), 5th ed., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • polyethoxylated sorbitan ester refers to a compound, or mixture thereof, derived from the ethoxylation of a sorbitan ester.
  • the polyoxethylene portion of the compound can be between the fatty ester and the sorbitan moiety.
  • sorbitan ester refers to a compound, or mixture of compounds, derived from the esterification of sorbitol and at least one fatty acid.
  • Fatty acids useful for deriving the polyethoyxlated sorbitan esters include, but are not limited to, those described herein.
  • the polyoxyethylene portion of the compound or mixture has about 2 to about 200 oxyethylene units.
  • the polyoxyethylene portion of the compound or mixture has about 2 to about 100 oxyethylene units. In some embodiments, the polyoxyethylene portion of the compound or mixture has about 4 to about 80 oxyethylene units. In some embodiments, the polyoxyethylene portion of the compound or mixture has about 4 to about 40 oxyethylene units. In some embodiments, the polyoxyethylene portion of the compound or mixture has about 4 to about 20 oxyethylene units.
  • Suitable polyethoxylated sorbitan esters include, but are not limited to the TweenTM series (available from Uniqema), which includes Tween 20 (POE(20) sorbitan monolaurate), 21 (POE(4) sorbitan monolaurate), 40 (POE(20) sorbitan monopalmitate), 60 (POE(20) sorbitan monostearate), 60K (POE(20) sorbitan monostearate), 61 (POE(4) sorbitan monostearate), 65 (POE(20) sorbitan tristearate), 80 (POE(20) sorbitan monooleate), 80K (POE(20) sorbitan monooleate), 81 (POE(5) sorbitan monooleate), and 85 (POE(20) sorbitan trioleate).
  • TweenTM series available from Uniqema
  • Tween 20 POE(20) sorbitan monolaurate
  • 21 POE(4)
  • POE polyoxyethylene
  • the number following the POE abbreviation refers to the number of oxyethylene repeat units in the compound.
  • Other suitable polyethoxylated sorbitan esters include the polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters listed in R. C. Rowe and P. J. Shesky, Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients, (2006), 5th ed., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the polyethoxylated sorbitan ester is a polysorbate.
  • the polyethoxylated sorbitan ester is polysorbate 20.
  • the term “glyceryl fatty esters” refers to mono-, di- or triglycerides of fatty acids.
  • the glyceryl fatty esters may be optionally substituted with sulfonic acid groups, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • Suitable fatty acids for deriving glycerides of fatty acids include, but are not limited to, those described herein.
  • the glyceryl fatty ester is a mono-glyceride of a fatty acid having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the glyceryl fatty ester is glyceryl stearate.
  • triglycerides refers to a triglyceride of a fatty acid. In some embodiments, the triglyceride is medium chain triglycerides.
  • alkylene glycol refers to a group of formula —O-alkylene-, wherein the alkylene group has 2 to 6, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • the alkylene glycol is propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol).
  • polyethylene glycol refers to a polymer containing ethylene glycol monomer units of formula —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —.
  • Suitable polyethylene glycols may have a free hydroxyl group at each end of the polymer molecule, or may have one or more hydroxyl groups etherified with a lower alkyl, e.g., a methyl group.
  • derivatives of polyethylene glycols having esterifiable carboxy groups are also suitable.
  • Polyethylene glycols useful in the present invention can be polymers of any chain length or molecular weight, and can include branching In some embodiments, the average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is from about 200 to about 9000.
  • the average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is from about 200 to about 5000. In some embodiments, the average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is from about 200 to about 900. In some embodiments, the average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is about 400.
  • Suitable polyethylene glycols include, but are not limited to polyethylene glycol-200, polyethylene glycol-300, polyethylene glycol-400, polyethylene glycol-600, and polyethylene glycol-900. The number following the dash in the name refers to the average molecular weight of the polymer.
  • the skin disorder is an autoimmune bullous skin disorder such as pemphigus vulgaris (PV) or bullous pemphigoid (BP).
  • the skin disorder is psoriasis (for example, psoriasis vulgaris), atopic dermatitis, skin rash, skin irritation, skin sensitization (e.g., contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis).
  • psoriasis for example, psoriasis vulgaris
  • atopic dermatitis for example, skin rash, skin irritation, skin sensitization (e.g., contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis).
  • certain substances including some pharmaceuticals when topically applied can cause skin sensitization.
  • co-administration or sequential administration of the topical formulations of the invention together with the agent causing unwanted sensitization can be helpful in treating such unwanted sensitization or dermatitis.
  • the present invention further provides a method of treating dermatological side effects of other pharmaceuticals by administration of the compound of the invention.
  • numerous pharmaceutical agents result in unwanted allergic reactions which can manifest as acneiform rash or related dermatitis.
  • Example pharmaceutical agents that have such undesirable side effects include anti-cancer drugs such as gefitinib, cetuximab, erlotinib, and the like.
  • the formulations of the invention can be administered systemically or topically (e.g., localized to the vicinity of the dermatitis) in combination with (e.g., simultaneously or sequentially) the pharmaceutical agent having the undesirable dermatological side effect.
  • the formulation of the invention can be administered topically together with one or more other pharmaceuticals, where the other pharmaceuticals when topically applied in the absence of a formulation of the invention cause contact dermatitis, allergic contact sensitization, or similar skin disorder.
  • formulation of the invention include topical formulations further comprising an additional pharmaceutical agent which can cause dermatitis, skin disorders, or related side effects.
  • the term “individual” or “patient,” used interchangeably, refers to any animal, including mammals, preferably mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, swine, cattle, sheep, horses, or primates, and most preferably humans.
  • the phrase “therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response that is being sought in a tissue, system, animal, individual or human by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
  • the term “treating” or “treatment” refers to one or more of (1) preventing the disease; for example, preventing a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who may be predisposed to the disease, condition or disorder but does not yet experience or display the pathology or symptomatology of the disease; (2) inhibiting the disease; for example, inhibiting a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e., arresting further development of the pathology and/or symptomatology); and (3) ameliorating the disease; for example, ameliorating a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e., reversing the pathology and/or symptomatology) such as decreasing the severity of disease.
  • preventing the disease for example, preventing a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who may be predisposed to the disease, condition or disorder but does not yet experience or display the pathology or symptomatology of
  • One or more additional pharmaceutical agents such as, for example, chemotherapeutics, anti-inflammatory agents, steroids, immunosuppressants, as well as Bcr-Abl, Flt-3, RAF and FAK kinase inhibitors such as, for example, those described in WO 2006/056399, or other agents can be used in combination with the formulations of the present invention for treatment of JAK-associated diseases, disorders or conditions.
  • the one or more additional pharmaceutical agents can be administered to a patient simultaneously or sequentially.
  • Example chemotherapeutic include proteosome inhibitors (e.g., bortezomib), thalidomide, revlimid, and DNA-damaging agents such as melphalan, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, etoposide, carmustine, and the like.
  • proteosome inhibitors e.g., bortezomib
  • thalidomide thalidomide
  • revlimid thalidomide
  • DNA-damaging agents such as melphalan, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, etoposide, carmustine, and the like.
  • Example steroids include corticosteroids such as dexamethasone or prednisone.
  • Example Bcr-Abl inhibitors include the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, of the genera and species disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,521,184, WO 04/005281, and U.S. Ser. No. 60/578,491.
  • Example suitable Flt-3 inhibitors include compounds, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as disclosed in WO 03/037347, WO 03/099771, and WO 04/046120.
  • Example suitable RAF inhibitors include compounds, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as disclosed in WO 00/09495 and WO 05/028444.
  • Example suitable FAK inhibitors include compounds, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as disclosed in WO 04/080980, WO 04/056786, WO 03/024967, WO 01/064655, WO 00/053595, and WO 01/014402.
  • the formulations of the invention can be used in combination with one or more other kinase inhibitors including imatinib, particularly for treating patients resistant to imatinib or other kinase inhibitors.
  • a corticosteroid such as dexamethasone is administered to a patient in combination with the compound of the invention where the dexamethasone is administered intermittently as opposed to continuously.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to formulations comprising a labeled active compound (radio-labeled, fluorescent-labeled, etc.) that would be useful not only in imaging techniques but also in assays, both in vitro and in vivo, for localizing and quantitating JAK in tissue samples, including human, and for identifying JAK ligands by inhibition binding of a labeled compound. Accordingly, the present invention includes JAK assays that contain such labeled compounds.
  • a labeled active compound radio-labeled, fluorescent-labeled, etc.
  • the present invention further includes formulations of an isotopically-labeled compound.
  • An “isotopically” or “radio-labeled” compound is a compound where one or more atoms are replaced or substituted by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number typically found in nature (i.e., naturally occurring).
  • Suitable radionuclides that may be incorporated in compounds of the present invention include but are not limited to 2 H (also written as D for deuterium), 3 H (also written as T for tritium), 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 13 N, 15 N, 15 O, 17 O, 18 O, 18 F, 35 S, 36 Cl, 82 Br, 75 Br, 76 Br, 77 Br, 123 I, 124 I and 131 I.
  • the radionuclide that is incorporated in the instant radio-labeled compounds will depend on the specific application of that radio-labeled compound. For example, for in vitro JAK labeling and competition assays, compounds that incorporate 3 H 14 C, 82 Br, 125 I, 131 I, 35 S or will generally be most useful.
  • radio-labeled or “labeled compound” is a compound that has incorporated at least one radionuclide.
  • the radionuclide is selected from the group consisting of 3 H, 14 C, 125 I, 35 S and 82 Br.
  • Kits The present invention also includes pharmaceutical kits useful, for example, in the treatment or prevention of JAK-associated diseases or disorders, such as cancer, which include one or more containers containing a pharmaceutical formulation of the invention.
  • kits can further include, if desired, one or more of various conventional pharmaceutical kit components, such as, for example, containers with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, additional containers, etc., as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • Instructions, either as inserts or as labels, indicating quantities of the components to be administered, guidelines for administration, and/or guidelines for mixing the components, can also be included in the kit.
  • the present invention provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising the components specified in the example formulations (e.g., Example 3), wherein the components are present in about the amounts in Tables 2-5.
  • the aqueous layer was back-extracted with three portions of ethyl acetate.
  • the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
  • the crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (gradient of ethyl acetate/hexanes) to yield a viscous clear syrup, which was dissolved in ethanol and evaporated several times to remove ethyl acetate, to afford 19.4 g of racemic adduct (93%).
  • the enantiomers were separated by preparative-HPLC, (OD-H, 15% ethanol/hexanes) and used separately in the next step to generate their corresponding final product.
  • the phosphoric acid salt was shown to be a 1:1 salt by 1 H NMR and crystallinity was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) gave a sharp melting peak at about 198.66° C. The product showed little weight loss up to 200° C. by TGA.
  • An oil-in-water cream formulation was prepared for (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphoric acid salt (Example 2) at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% by weight of the formulation (free base equivalent).
  • the compositions for a 15 gram tube are provided in Table 2 below.
  • the formulation for three strengths were identical except for adjustments to the purified water quantity based on the amount of active ingredient. All excipients used in the formulation were compendial grade (ie, USP/NF or BP) or are approved for use in topical products.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flowchart representation of the process for making the oil-in-water formulation.
  • the (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile is referred to as “API” throughout this application.
  • a paraben phase was prepared by mixing methyl and propyl parabens with a portion of the propylene glycol (see % in Tables 2-5).
  • a xanthan gum phase was prepared by mixing xanthan gum with propylene glycol (see % in Table 2-5).
  • An oil phase was then prepared by mixing light mineral oil, glyceryl stearate, polysorbate 20, white petrolatum, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, dimethicone and medium chain triglycerides. The phase is heated to 70-80° C. to melt and form a uniform mixture.
  • the aqueous phase was next prepared by mixing purified water, polyethylene glycol, and disodium EDTA. The phase is heated to 70-80° C.
  • step 7 The oil phase from step 3 was then combined under high shear mixing with the mixture from step 6 to form an emulsion.
  • Phenoxyethanol was then added to the emulsion from step 7. Mixing was continued, and then the product was cooled under low shear mixing.
  • More consistent batches at larger scales could be obtained by adding Example 2 gradually to the aqueous phase and then combining with the other phases.
  • more consistent batches could be obtained by slower cooling (e.g., by using room temperature water in the outer jacket of the reactor, rather than lower temperature water.
  • the appearance of the cream was visually inspected. Viscosity was measured using a Brookfield viscometer at 25° C. The pH was measured on the final cream formulation. The microbial limit testing is performed as per USP. The fill weight is analyzed as an in-process test during filling of the cream into tubes.
  • Results are shown below for a 3.5 kg batches at 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% strength of Example 2 (free base basis (API)) (Table 6).
  • the stability data from batches of the cream formulation at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% w/w strength stored in 15 gram aluminum tubes is provided in Tables 7-10 and 19-20. Further, stability data from batches of the cream formulation at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% w/w strength packaged in amber glass jars (2 oz. with teflon cap) is provided in Tables 13-17, while longer stability data for the 1.0% w/w formulation packaged in 16 oz. amber glass jars is provided in Tables 11-12.
  • the preliminary stability data for the drug product did not show any chemical instability after 3 months of storage at 25° C./60% RH and 40° C./75% RH in either packaging configuration. A change in viscosity is seen following 3 months at 40° C./75% RH for formulation stored in amber glass jars. However, physical inspection of the product did not indicate any phase separation.
  • Aeruginosa Absent/1 g Absent/1 g NA Absent/1 g MLT ( S. Aureus ) Absent/1 g Absent/1 g NA Absent/1 g MLT (Total Aerobic) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 NA ⁇ 10 MLT (Total Yeast ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 NA ⁇ 10 and Molds)
  • Aeruginosa Absent/1 g Absent/1 g NA Absent/1 g MLT ( S. Aureus ) Absent/1 g Absent/1 g NA Absent/1 g MLT (Total Aerobic) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 NA ⁇ 10 MLT (Total Yeast and ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 NA ⁇ 10 Molds)
  • the lower viscosity was believed to be due to electrolytic nature of the phosphate salt.
  • Viscosities of the formulations and placebo over time are shown in Table 23.
  • the 1% dispersed cream (water-in-oil formulation) showed syneresis after two and four weeks of aging at 40° C., while the 1% lotion and 1% solubilized cream formulations (oil-in-water formulations) did not show syneresis.
  • the 1% solubilized cream formulation was generally higher in viscosity than the 1% lotion.
  • Example 5 The three different topical formulations in Example 5 (Table 20) and the cream formulation in Example 3 (Table 4) were evaluated for transport across human cadaver skin.
  • the skin permeation data are summarized in Table 24.
  • Significant variability was observed in the transport among the three replicates for each formulation.
  • the variability in transport may be due in part to differences in skin samples (donor, region of the body, thickness, etc.).
  • the two cream formulations showed higher flux compared to the lotion or ointment.
  • the cumulative amount of API transported for the ointment formulation was particularly low in comparison to the other three formulations and this, at least in part, could be due to poor spreadability of the ointment leading to decreased surface area for transport.
  • the two cream formulations were selected for further development, one as an oil-in-water (see Example 3 above) and the other as a water-in-oil emulsion base.
  • strengths containing 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% w/w of (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile phosphate salt were developed for the oil-in water base cream (solubilized cream) and 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% w/w were developed for the water-in oil base cream (dispersed cream). Procedures for the skin permeation studies are described below.
  • the permeability of the API in topical formulations was studied using cadaver human skin samples and Franz diffusion cells. Dermatomed human cadaver skin was obtained from tissue banks while the Franz diffusion cells were custom made. The human cadaver skin samples, sized to fit between the donor and the receiver compartments, were positioned on the Franz diffusion cells. Topical formulations were weighed (20 mg) onto glassine paper, placed formulation side toward the skin and clamped into place. The dosing chamber was covered with parafilm. The reservoir side was filled using saline with 4% albumin. The reservoir was stirred and maintained at 37° C. using a dry block heater (Aungst B. Fatty Acid Skin Penetration Enhancers. Pharm. Res. 1989; 6(3):244-247).
  • the permeability of the API in topical formulations was studied using freshly excised mouse skin samples mounted in Franz diffusion cells. Balb/c mice were depilated using a waxing technique four days before the experiment. The morning of the experiment the mice were euthanized and as much of the depilated skin as possible was removed, rinsed and kept moist with 37° C. saline until use. The mouse skin samples, sized to fit between the donor and the receiver compartments, were positioned between the donor and the receiver compartments of the Franz diffusion cells. The opening of the Franz cell was 1 cm 2 . Topical formulations were weighed (20 mg) on to glassine paper, placed formulation side toward the skin and clamped into place. The dosing chamber was covered with parafilm.
  • the reservoir side was filled using saline with 4% albumin
  • the reservoir was stirred and maintained at 37° C. using a dry block heater (Aungst 1989 (above). At 4 hours, a 1 mL sample was removed and replaced with 1 mL of saline +4% albumin. At 24 hours, the entire reservoir was collected. The tissue was examined visually for any hole or tear. The reservoir side samples were analyzed for concentrations of the API by a LC/MS assay.
  • photos were obtained from subjects who signed an informed consent for the photos. Pictures were obtained at baseline (prior to the first application of study treatment) and on day 84 (the last application day for study treatment) (see FIG. 3-7 ). These photos are representative of a subset of the subjects who were treated with the oil-in-water formulations.
  • the formulations described herein can also be tested for their efficacies (of inhibiting JAK targets) in the T-cell driven murine delayed hypersensitivity test model.
  • the murine skin contact delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response is considered to be a valid model of clinical contact dermatitis, and other T-lymphocyte mediated immune disorders of the skin, such as psoriasis ( Immunol Today. 1998 January; 19(1):37-44).
  • Murine DTH shares multiple characteristics with psoriasis, including the immune infiltrate, the accompanying increase in inflammatory cytokines, and keratinocyte hyperproliferation.
  • many classes of agents that are efficacious in treating psoriasis in the clinic are also effective inhibitors of the DTH response in mice (Agents Actions. 1993 January; 38(1-2):116-21).
  • mice On Day 0 and 1, Balb/c mice are sensitized with a topical application, to their shaved abdomen with the antigen 2,4,dinitro-fluorobenzene (DNFB). On day 5, ears are measured for thickness using an engineer's micrometer. This measurement is recorded and used as a baseline. Both of the animals' ears are then challenged by a topical application of DNFB in a total of 20 ⁇ L (10 ⁇ L on the internal pinna and 10 ⁇ L on the external pinna) at a concentration of 0.2%. Twenty-four to seventy-two hours after the challenge, ears are measured again.
  • DNFB 2,4,dinitro-fluorobenzene
  • Treatment with the test formulations is given throughout the sensitization and challenge phases (day ⁇ 1 to day 7) or prior to and throughout the challenge phase (usually afternoon of day 4 to day 7). Treatment of the test compounds (in different concentration) is administered topically (topical application of the treatment to the ears). Efficacies of the test formulations are indicated by a reduction in ear swelling comparing to the situation without the treatment. Compounds causing a reduction of 20% or more are considered efficacious. In some experiments, the mice are challenged but not sensitized (negative control).
  • the inhibitive effect (inhibiting activation of the JAK-STAT pathways) of the test formulations can be confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis.
  • Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway(s) results in the formation and translocation of functional transcription factors.
  • the influx of immune cells and the increased proliferation of keratinocytes should also provide unique expression profile changes in the ear that can be investigated and quantified.
  • Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded ear sections (harvested after the challenge phase in the DTH model) are subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using an antibody that specifically interacts with phosphorylated STAT3 (clone 58E12, Cell Signaling Technologies).
  • test formulations a clinically efficacious treatment for psoriasis
  • dexamethasone a clinically efficacious treatment for psoriasis
  • Test formulations and the dexamethasone can produce similar transcriptional changes both qualitatively and quantitatively, and both the test formulations and dexamethasone can reduce the number of infiltrating cells.
  • Topical administration of the test compounds can produce inhibitive effects, i.e., reduction in the number of infiltrating cells and inhibition of the transcriptional changes.

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US14/714,820 US20150250790A1 (en) 2010-05-21 2015-05-18 Topical formulation for a jak inhibitor
US16/566,625 US10758543B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2019-09-10 Topical formulation for a JAK inhibitor
US16/947,735 US10869870B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2020-08-14 Topical formulation for a JAK inhibitor
US16/948,408 US11219624B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2020-09-17 Topical formulation for a JAK inhibitor
US17/541,439 US20220211707A1 (en) 2010-05-21 2021-12-03 Topical formulation for a jak inhibitor
US17/704,168 US11571425B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2022-03-25 Topical formulation for a JAK inhibitor
US17/704,180 US11590136B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2022-03-25 Topical formulation for a JAK inhibitor
US17/704,155 US20220370455A1 (en) 2010-05-21 2022-03-25 Topical formulation for a jak inhibitor
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