TW201916672A - 電子裝置以及自動曝光收斂方法 - Google Patents

電子裝置以及自動曝光收斂方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201916672A
TW201916672A TW107135206A TW107135206A TW201916672A TW 201916672 A TW201916672 A TW 201916672A TW 107135206 A TW107135206 A TW 107135206A TW 107135206 A TW107135206 A TW 107135206A TW 201916672 A TW201916672 A TW 201916672A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
exposure
frame
image sensor
processor
item
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TW107135206A
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English (en)
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TWI667919B (zh
Inventor
印秉宏
王佳祥
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香港商印芯科技股份有限公司
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Priority to US16/205,242 priority Critical patent/US10609296B1/en
Publication of TW201916672A publication Critical patent/TW201916672A/zh
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Publication of TWI667919B publication Critical patent/TWI667919B/zh

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    • G06V10/12—Details of acquisition arrangements; Constructional details thereof
    • G06V10/14—Optical characteristics of the device performing the acquisition or on the illumination arrangements
    • G06V10/147—Details of sensors, e.g. sensor lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
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    • G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
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Abstract

本發明提出一種電子裝置以及自動曝光收斂方法。電子裝置包括影像感測器以及處理器。影像感測器用以取得第一圖框。第一圖框包括多個子圖框區域，並且這些子圖框區域各別包括多個像素資料。這些像素資料分別依據不同的多個曝光時間所取得。處理器耦接影像感測器。處理器用以分析第一圖框，以將這些子圖框區域中的具有相同曝光時間的這些像素資料組合為多個第二圖框。處理器分析這些第二圖框，以取得多個曝光值。處理器依據這些曝光值執行曝光收斂操作。

Description

電子裝置以及自動曝光收斂方法
本發明是有關於一種影像感測技術，且特別是有關於一種電子裝置以及自動曝光收斂方法。
隨著影像感測技術的演進，有越來越多的電子產品配置有影像感測功能，例如照片拍攝或指紋感測等功能。然而，由於在影像擷取的過程中，影像感測器接收到的環境光的明暗程度隨著電子產品的環境不同或感測對象不同而改變，因此一般的影像感測器在擷取影像的過程中將會先執行曝光收斂操作，以取得最佳曝光值，接著依據最佳曝光值來取得對應的圖框。然而，傳統的曝光收斂操作必須經由影像感測器依據不同曝光時間來執行多次的影像感測操作，並且藉由依序分析多張圖框來取得多個曝光值，值到這些曝光值收斂至一個最佳曝光值為止。因此，傳統的曝光收斂操作需花費較多的時間以及電子產品的電能。有鑑於此，如何可快速地執行曝光收斂操作，以下將提出幾個實施例的解決方案。
本發明提供一種電子裝置以及自動曝光收斂方法，可快速地執行曝光收斂（exposure convergence）操作。
本發明的電子裝置包括影像感測器以及處理器。影像感測器用以取得第一圖框。第一圖框包括多個子圖框區域，並且這些子圖框區域各別包括多個像素資料。這些像素資料分別依據不同的多個曝光時間所取得。處理器耦接影像感測器。處理器用以分析第一圖框，以將這些子圖框區域中的具有相同曝光時間的這些像素資料組合為多個第二圖框。處理器分析這些第二圖框，以取得多個曝光值。處理器依據這些曝光值執行曝光收斂操作。
本發明的自動曝光收斂方法包括以下步驟：藉由影像感測器取得第一圖框，其中第一圖框包括多個子圖框區域，並且這些子圖框區域各別包括多個像素資料，其中這些像素資料分別依據不同的多個曝光時間所取得；藉由處理器分析第一圖框，以將這些子圖框區域中的具有相同曝光時間的這些像素資料組合為多個第二圖框；藉由處理器分析這些第二圖框，以取得多個曝光值；以及藉由處理器依據這些曝光值執行曝光收斂操作。
基於上述，本發明的電子裝置以及自動曝光收斂方法，可藉由影像感測器依據不同的多個曝光時間來取得第一圖框，並且藉由分析第一圖框，來取得用於曝光收斂操作的多個曝光值，以使處理器可依據這些曝光值來快速地執行曝光收斂操作。
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉實施例，並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
為了使本發明之內容可以被更容易明瞭，以下特舉實施例做為本發明確實能夠據以實施的範例。另外，凡可能之處，在圖式及實施方式中使用相同標號的元件/構件/步驟，係代表相同或類似部件。
圖1是依照本發明的一實施例的電子裝置的示意圖。參考圖1，電子裝置100包括影像感測器110以及處理器120。處理器120耦接影像感測器110。影像感測器110用以依據不同的多個曝光時間（exposure time）來取得第一圖框。第一圖框可分為多個子圖框區域，並且這些子圖框區域各別包括分別依據不同的多個曝光時間所取得的多個像素資料。在本實施例中，處理器120分析第一圖框以取得多個曝光值，並且依據這些曝光值來執行曝光收斂（exposure convergence）操作。
在本實施例中，電子裝置100可為一種攜帶式電子產品，例如行動手機（Mobile phone）、平板（Tablet）或筆記型電腦（Laptop）等，本發明並不加以限制。在本實施例中，影像感測器110可為COMS影像感測器（CMOS Image Sensor, CIS）或感光耦合元件（Charge Coupled Device, CCD）。在本實施例中，處理器120可為影像訊號處理器（Image Signal Processor, ISP）、中央處理器（Central Processing Unit, CPU）、微處理器（Microprocessor）、數位信號處理器（Digital Signal Processor, DSP）、可程式化控制器（Programmable Logic Controller, PLC）、特殊應用積體電路（Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC）、系統單晶片（System on Chip, SoC）或其他類似元件或上述元件的組合。並且，在本實施例中，電子裝置100還可包括記憶體（Memory）。所述記憶體可用以儲存本發明各實施例所述的圖框、像素資料、影像分析軟體或運算軟體等，本發明並不加以限制。
在一實施例中，電子裝置100可為一種具有屏下光學指紋辨識技術（Under-display optical fingerprint）功能的攜帶式電子產品，並且影像感測器110可為指紋感測器。對此，電子裝置100可用於執行指紋感測，並且在取得指紋影像前，電子裝置100可透過影像感測器110針對當前的指紋感測情境來自動地執行曝光收斂，以取得最佳曝光值，並且依據最佳曝光值來取得對應的指紋影像。
圖2是依照本發明的一實施例的第一圖框的示意圖。圖3A是現有的曝光收斂的示意圖。圖3B是依照本發明的一實施例的曝光收斂的示意圖。參考圖1至圖3B，影像感測器110可進一步包括多個像素單元，並且這些像素單元可分為多個像素群。在本實施例中，影像感測器110得這些像素群用以在一次取像操作中分別依據不同曝光時間來取得如圖2所示的第一圖框200。如圖2所示，第一圖框200包括多個子圖框區域210_1~210_N，其中N為大於0的正整數。這些子圖框區域210_1~210_N各別包括8個像素資料211~218，並且這些像素資料211~218分別依據不同的多個曝光時間所取得。然而，本發明的像素資料的數量不限於圖2所示。在本實施例中，處理器120可分析第一圖框200，以將這些子圖框區域210_1~210_N中的具有相同曝光時間的這些像素資料211~218組合為多個第二圖框。接著，處理器分析這些第二圖框，以取得如圖3B所示的多個曝光值301~308。
具體而言，首先，本實施例的電子裝置100在執行自動曝光收斂操作的過程中，處理器120可依據目前影像感測環境可能遭遇的最高照度以及最低照度，來計算這些曝光時間的最長曝光時間以及最短曝光時間。並且，處理器120可依據最長曝光時間以及最短曝光時間來決定多個曝光時間。例如依據固定的時間間隔在最長曝光時間以及最短曝光時間之間選擇六個曝光時間，以獲得共八個曝光時間參數。換言之，本實施例的電子裝置100可自適應性地取得這些曝光時間。接著，電子裝置100可藉由不同的這些曝光時間來透過影像感測器110取得第一圖框200，並且將第一圖框200當中具有相同曝光時間的像素資料另組合為多個第二圖框。因此，第二圖框的解析度低於第一圖框200。本實施例的處理器120可分析這些第二圖框來取得相對應的這些曝光值301~308。也就是說，本實施例的電子裝置100可藉由單次影像擷取操作來取得這些曝光值301~308，而無需經由8次影像擷取操作來取得。接著，如圖3B所示，處理器120分析這些曝光值301~308，以取得下一次取樣的曝光值，由於這些曝光值301~308包含了充分的資訊，因此第二次取樣的曝光值即可收斂至BEV(最佳曝光值)。因此，本實施例的電子裝置100可快速地執行曝光收斂操作。
舉例而言，本實施例的影像感測器110可為指紋感測器。當電子裝置100執行指紋操作時，由於影像感測器110所感測到的環境光可能隨著電子裝置100所處的環境狀態而有所不同，或是影像感測器110所感測到的指紋影像可能隨著不同的手指特性或使用習慣而需要特定的曝光值。因此，本實施例的電子裝置100可在執行指紋操作前，而先執行自動曝光收斂操作，以取得最佳曝光值BEV。接著。電子裝置100可依據最佳曝光值BEV來取得相關曝光參數，並且對應地取得具有良好影像品質的指紋影像。
圖4是依照本發明的一實施例的像素單元的示意圖。參考圖4，上述實施例所述的像素單元的等效電路可如圖4所示，但本發明並不限於此。在本實施例中，像素單元400可包括感光二極體PD、第一開關S1以及重置開關S2。感光二極體PD的一端耦接第一開關S1以及重置開關S2。第一開關S1的一端耦接第一端點P1，其中第一端點P1可耦接至類比至數位轉換器(ADC)，ADC輸出端可耦接至上述的處理器或後端的影像訊號處理單元（例如解碼器）。第二開關S2的一端耦接第二端點P2，並且第二端點P2可耦接至一放電路徑。具體而言，在一個圖框時間中，感光二極體PD依據感光結果而對應產生感光電荷，並且像素單元400先藉由重置開關接收重置信號，以進行放電。接著，像素單元400再藉由第一開關S1接收讀出信號，以將感光二極體PD所累積的感光電荷輸出至ADC，ADC輸出資料至處理器或後端的影像訊號處理單元，以取得對應的像素資料。另外，上述的重置信號以及讀出信號可例如是脈衝信號。
圖5是依照本發明的一實施例的操作多個像素單元的時序圖。參考圖1、圖2以及圖5，以圖2為例，影像感測器110可包括8個像素單元。舉例來說，第一個像素單元的第一開關S11以及重置開關S12可依據重置信號RS11以及讀出信號RO1來取得第一圖框200的各個子圖框區域210_1~210_N當中的像素資料211。第二個像素單元的第一開關S11以及重置開關S12可依據重置信號RS21、RS22以及讀出信號RO1來取得第一圖框200的各個子圖框區域210_1~210_N當中的像素資料212。以此類推，第八個像素單元的第一開關S81以及重置開關S82可依據重置信號RS81、RS82以及讀出信號RO1來取得第一圖框200的各個子圖框區域210_1~210_N當中的像素資料218。
值得注意的是，重置信號RS11~RS81分別與讀出信號RO1~RO8之間具有第一時間差。所述第一時間差即為像素的開始積分時間以及結束積分時間（即相當於曝光時間）。在本實施例中，影像感測器110的這些像素單元的至少一部分的重置開關S21~S81更進一步接收重置信號RS22~RS82，並且重置信號RS22~RS82的時序分別插入至重置信號RS21~RS81以及讀出信號RO1~RO8之間。重置信號RS22~RS82用以縮短積分時間。換言之，以第二個像素單元為例，由於第二個像素單元的重置開關S22接收兩次重置信號RS21、RS22，因此當第二個像素單元的第一開關S21接收讀出信號RO2時，第二個像素單元提供的像素資料是依據經由感光二極體在重置信號RS22至讀出信號RO2之間的第二時間差當中所提供的（或累積）的感光電荷來決定的。因此，由於重置信號RS11、RS22~RS82分別與讀出信號RO1~RO8之間具有不同的時間差，因此本實施例的影像感測器110的這些像素單元可分別依據不同的積分時間（或曝光時間）來取得第一圖框200的各個子圖框區域210_1~210_N當中的像素資料211~218。
此外，在一實施例中，影像感測器110的這些像素單元的重置開關S11~S81可僅接收重置信號RS11、RS22~RS82，而無需接收重置信號RS21~RS81。並且，在另一實施例中，重置信號RS11、RS22~RS82分別與讀出信號RO1~RO8之間可具有相同的時間差。
圖6是依照本發明的一實施例的自動曝光收斂方法的流程圖。參考圖1、圖2以及圖6，本實施例的自動曝光收斂方法可至少適用於圖1實施例的電子裝置100。電子裝置100包括影像感測器110以及處理器120。也就是說，電子裝置100可執行以下步驟S610~S640，以實現自動曝光收斂。在步驟S610中，影像感測器110取得第一圖框200，其中第一圖框包括多個子圖框區域210_1~20_N，並且這些子圖框區域210_1~20_N各別包括多個像素資料211~218，其中這些像素資料211~218分別依據不同的多個曝光時間所取得。在步驟S620中，處理器120分析第一圖框200，以將這些子圖框區域210_1~20_N中的具有相同曝光時間的像素資料組合為多個第二圖框。在步驟S630中，處理器120分析這些第二圖框，以取得多個曝光值。在步驟S640中，處理器120依據這些曝光值執行曝光收斂操作。因此，本實施例的電子裝置可快速地執行曝光收斂操作。
另外，關於本實施例所述的電子裝置100的其他元件特徵或實施細節，可參考上述圖1至圖5實施例的說明而獲致足夠的教示、建議以及實施說明，因此在此不再贅述。
綜上所述，本發明的電子裝置以及自動曝光收斂方法可藉由影像感測器依據不同的多個曝光時間在單次影像擷取操作中取得第一圖框，並且藉由分析第一圖框，來取得用於曝光收斂操作的多個曝光值。也就是說，電子裝置的處理器可在單次影像擷取操作中來依據這些曝光值來快速地執行曝光收斂操作，以有效地節省影像感測器在曝光收斂操作中所執行影像擷取的操作次數以及時間，並且可有效地節省電子裝置的電能。
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內，當可作些許的更動與潤飾，故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100‧‧‧電子裝置
110‧‧‧影像感測器
120‧‧‧處理器
200‧‧‧第一圖框
210_1~210_N‧‧‧子圖框區域
211~218‧‧‧像素資料
301~308‧‧‧曝光值
400‧‧‧像素單元
BEV‧‧‧最佳曝光值
RS11~RS81、RS22~RS82‧‧‧重置信號
RO1~RO8‧‧‧讀出信號
S1、S11~S81‧‧‧第一開關
S2、S12~S82‧‧‧重置開關
S610~S640‧‧‧步驟
P1、P2‧‧‧端點
PD‧‧‧感光二極體
圖1是依照本發明的一實施例的電子裝置的示意圖。 圖2是依照本發明的一實施例的第一圖框的示意圖。 圖3A是現有的曝光收斂的示意圖。 圖3B是依照本發明的一實施例的曝光收斂的示意圖。 圖4是依照本發明的一實施例的像素單元的示意圖。 圖5是依照本發明的一實施例的操作多個像素單元的時序圖。 圖6是依照本發明的一實施例的自動曝光收斂方法的流程圖。

Claims (16)

  1. 一種電子裝置，包括： 一影像感測器，用以取得一第一圖框，其中該第一圖框包括多個子圖框區域，並且該些子圖框區域各別包括多個像素資料，其中該些像素資料分別依據不同的多個曝光時間所取得；以及 一處理器，耦接該影像感測器，用以分析該第一圖框，以將該些子圖框區域中的具有相同曝光時間的該些像素資料組合為多個第二圖框，並且該處理器分析該些第二圖框，以取得多個曝光值， 其中該處理器依據該些曝光值執行一曝光收斂操作。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的電子裝置，其中該處理器依據一目前影像感測環境可能遭遇的一最高照度以及一最低照度，來計算該些曝光時間的一最長曝光時間以及一最短曝光時間，並且該處理器依據該最長曝光時間以及該最短曝光時間來決定該些曝光時間。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的電子裝置，其中該影像感測器包括多個像素單元，並且該些像素單元可分為多個像素群，其中該些像素群用以在一次取像操作中分別依據不同曝光時間來取得該第一圖框的該些像素資料。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的電子裝置，其中該些像素單元各別包括： 一感光二極體； 一第一開關，耦接該感光二極體；以及 一重置開關，耦接該感光二極體，其中該重置開關用以接收一第一重置信號，並且該第一開關用以接收一讀出信號， 其中該第一重置信號與該讀出信號之間的一第一時間差為一個曝光時間。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的電子裝置，其中不同像素群的該些像素單元具有相同的該第一時間差。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的電子裝置，其中該些像素單元的至少一部分的重置開關更接收一第二重置信號，並且該第二重置信號的時序介於該第一重置信號以及該讀出信號之間。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的電子裝置，其中該些像素單元各別的該第二重置信號以及該讀出信號之間具有一第二時間差，並且該第二時間差為該曝光時間。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的電子裝置，其中該影像感測器為一指紋感測器。
  9. 一種自動曝光收斂方法，包括： 藉由一影像感測器取得一第一圖框，其中該第一圖框包括多個子圖框區域，並且該些子圖框區域各別包括多個像素資料，其中該些像素資料分別依據不同的多個曝光時間所取得； 藉由一處理器分析該第一圖框，以將該些子圖框區域中的具有相同曝光時間的該些像素資料組合為多個第二圖框； 藉由該處理器分析該些第二圖框，以取得多個曝光值；以及 藉由該處理器依據該些曝光值執行一曝光收斂操作。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的自動曝光收斂方法，更包括： 藉由該處理器依據一目前影像感測環境可能遭遇的一最高照度以及一最低照度，來計算該些曝光時間的一最長曝光時間以及一最短曝光時間；以及 藉由該處理器依據該最長曝光時間以及該最短曝光時間來決定該些曝光時間。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的自動曝光收斂方法，其中該影像感測器包括多個像素單元，並且該些像素單元可分為多個像素群，其中藉由該影像感測器取得該第一圖框的步驟包括： 藉由該些像素群在一次取像操作中分別依據不同曝光時間來取得該第一圖框的該些像素資料。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述的自動曝光收斂方法，其中該些像素單元各別包括一感光二極體、一第一開關以及一重置開關，並且藉由該影像感測器取得該一第一圖框的步驟包括操作該些像素單元以執行： 藉由該重置開關接收一第一重置信號；以及 藉由該第一開關接收一讀出信號，其中該第一重置信號與該讀出信號之間的一第一時間差為一個曝光時間。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的自動曝光收斂方法，其中不同像素群的該些像素單元具有相同的該第一時間差。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的自動曝光收斂方法，其中藉由該影像感測器取得該一第一圖框的步驟更包括： 藉由該些像素單元的至少一部分的重置開關更接收一第二重置信號，其中該第二重置信號的時序介於該第一重置信號以及該讀出信號之間。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的自動曝光收斂方法，其中該些像素單元各別的該第二重置信號以及該讀出信號之間具有一第二時間差，並且該第二時間差為該曝光時間。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的自動曝光收斂方法，其中該影像感測器為一指紋感測器。
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