CN109640010B - 电子装置以及取像方法 - Google Patents

电子装置以及取像方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109640010B
CN109640010B CN201811167749.XA CN201811167749A CN109640010B CN 109640010 B CN109640010 B CN 109640010B CN 201811167749 A CN201811167749 A CN 201811167749A CN 109640010 B CN109640010 B CN 109640010B
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image
significant bit
image capturing
bit data
signal
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CN109640010A (zh
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印秉宏
王佳祥
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Guangzhou Tyrafos Semiconductor Technologies Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Tyrafos Semiconductor Technologies Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出一种电子装置以及取像方法。电子装置包括图像传感器、斜坡式模拟至数字转换器以及存储器。图像传感器包括阵列排列的多个像素单元，并且这些像素单元在取像操作中输出多个第一取像信号以及多个第二取像信号。斜坡式模拟至数字转换器依据第一非线性斜率信号以及这些第一取像信号来产生对应于多个像素的多个最高有效位数据，并且依据第二非线性斜率信号以及这些第二取像信号来产生对应于多个像素的多个最低有效位数据。存储器一并储存这些像素的这些最高有效位数据以及这些像素的这些最低有效位数据，以产生图框数据。

Description

电子装置以及取像方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种图像感测技术，尤其涉及一种电子装置以及取像方法。
背景技术
随着图像感测技术的演进，有越来越多的电子产品配置有图像感测功能，例如照片拍摄或指纹感测等功能。然而，为求高质量的图像获取结果，例如高动态范围(HighDynamic Range,HDR)的图框，一般的图像传感器会获取两张具有不同曝光程度的图框，以将明亮区域以及阴影区域加以重叠，以取得一张高动态范围的图框。对此，一般的图像传感器会例如先获取并储存两张图框中的每个像素的数据量分别为10bits的图框数据(10bits+10bits＝20bits)至存储器，接着进行数据压缩(例如将20bits压缩为16bits)。也就是说，传统取得具有高动态范围的图框的方式需要花费较多个图像获取时间以及图像处理时间，并且还需要花费较多的存储器空间。有鉴于此，如何取得高质量的图框，并且可有效节省存储器空间，以下将提出几个实施例的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明提供一种电子装置以及取像方法，可取得高质量的图框，并且可有效节省存储器空间(memory size)。
本发明的电子装置包括图像传感器、斜坡式模拟至数字转换器以及存储器。图像传感器包括阵列排列的多个像素单元，并且这些像素单元用以在取像操作中输出多个第一取像信号以及多个第二取像信号。斜坡式模拟至数字转换器耦接图像传感器。斜坡式模拟至数字转换器用以产生第一非线性斜率信号以及第二非线性斜率信号。斜坡式模拟至数字转换器依据第一非线性斜率信号以及这些第一取像信号来产生对应于多个像素的多个最高有效位数据，并且依据第二非线性斜率信号以及这些第二取像信号来产生对应于这些像素的多个最低有效位数据。处理器耦接斜坡式模拟至数字转换器。存储器一并储存这些像素的这些最高有效位数据以及这些像素的这些最低有效位数据，以产生图框数据。
本发明的取像方法包括以下步骤：通过在图像传感器中阵列排列的多个像素单元在取像操作中输出多个第一取像信号以及多个第二取像信号；通过斜坡式模拟至数字转换器产生第一非线性斜率信号以及第二非线性斜率信号；通过斜坡式模拟至数字转换器依据第一非线性斜率信号以及这些第一取像信号来产生对应于多个像素的多个最高有效位数据；通过斜坡式模拟至数字转换器依据第二非线性斜率信号以及这些第二取像信号来产生对应于这些像素的多个最低有效位数据；以及通过存储器一并储存这些像素的这些最高有效位数据以及这些像素的这些最低有效位数据，以产生图框数据。
基于上述，本发明的电子装置以及取像方法可通过斜坡式模拟至数字转换器依据第一非线性斜率信号以及多个第一取像信号来产生对应于多个像素的多个最高有效位数据，并且依据第二非线性斜率信号以及多个第二取像信号来产生对应于多个像素的多个最低有效位数据，其中这些像素的这些最高有效位数据以及这些最低有效位数据可合并为一图框数据。因此，本发明的电子装置以及取像方法可取得高质量的图框数据(高动态范围)，并且可有效节省存储器空间。
为让本发明的上述特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举实施例，并配合所附附图作详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1是依照本发明的一实施例的电子装置的示意图。
图2A是依照本发明的一实施例的第一非线性斜率信号的示意图。
图2B是依照本发明的一实施例的第二非线性斜率信号的示意图。
图3是依照本发明的一实施例的像素单元的示意图。
图4是依照本发明的一实施例的操作像素单元的时序图
图5是依照本发明的一实施例的取像方法的流程图。
【符号说明】
100：电子装置
110：图像传感器
120：斜坡式模拟至数字转换器
140：存储器
210、220：曲线
300：像素单元
P1、P2：端点
S1：第一开关
S2：重置开关
PD：感光二极管
RS1、RS2：重置信号
RO1、RO2：读出信号T1T2
S510～S550：步骤
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的内容可以被更容易明了，以下特举实施例作为本发明确实能够据以实施的范例。另外，凡可能之处，在附图及实施方式中使用相同标号的元件/构件/步骤，是代表相同或类似部件。
图1是依照本发明的一实施例的电子装置的示意图。参考图1，电子装置100包括图像传感器110、斜坡式模拟至数字转换器(ramp Analog to Digital Converter,ramp ADC)120以及存储器140。图像传感器110耦接斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120。斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120耦接存储器140。在本实施例中，图像传感器110可包括阵列排列的多个像素单元，并且这些像素单元用以在取像操作中输出多个第一取像信号以及多个第二取像信号。斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120可依据第一非线性斜率(non-linear ramp)信号以及第二非线性斜率信号来比对这些第一取像信号以及这些第二取像信号，以取得对应于多个像素的多个最高有效位数据(Most Significant Bit, MSB)以及多个最低有效位数据(LeastSignificant Bit,LSB)。存储器140可合并储存这些像素的这些最高有效位数据以及这些最低有效位数据为一笔图框数据，并且存储器140在取像操作中仅需储存此笔图框数据。
举例而言，在一实施例中，斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120可包括比较器。对于图框中的每一个像素而言，上述的取像信号可输入至比较器的一端，并且非线性斜率信号可输入至比较器的另一端。非线性斜率信号的电压值随着时间变化而增加，直到与取像信号的电压值相同时，斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120即可读出此像素的照度值(Luminance)所对应的数字数值(Digital Number,DN)。
在本实施例中，电子装置100可为一集成电路或一种携带式电子产品，例如移动电话(Mobile phone)、平板(Tablet)或笔记本电脑(Laptop)等，本发明并不加以限制。在本实施例中，图像传感器110可为COMS图像传感器(CMOS Image Sensor,CIS)或感光耦合元件(Charge Coupled Device,CCD)。在本实施例中，斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120可产生第一非线性斜率信号以及第二非线性斜率信号，并且通过第一非线性斜率信号以及第二非线性斜率信号来比对经由图像传感器110取得的这些第一取像信号以及这些第二取像信号，来取得对应于多个像素的多个最高有效位数据以及多个最低有效位数据。
在本实施例中，存储器140用以储存本发明各实施例所述的图框数据。
在一实施例中，电子装置100可为一种具有屏下光学指纹辨识技术(Under-display optical fingerprint)功能的集成电路或携带式电子产品，并且图像传感器110可为指纹传感器。对此，电子装置 100可用于执行指纹感测，并且图像传感器110可依据不同曝光时间来取得两个指纹取像信号，并且斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120依据第一非线性斜率信号以及第二非线性斜率信号来扫描此两个指纹取像信号，以获得对应于在一指纹图框当中的多个像素的多个最高有效位数据以及多个最低有效位数据。因此，在此一实施例中，电子装置100可取得高质量的指纹图框(高动态范围)，并且可有效节省存储器空间。
图2A是依照本发明的一实施例的第一非线性斜率信号的示意图。图2B是依照本发明的一实施例的第二非线性斜率信号的示意图。参考图1、图2A以及图2B，图2A以及图2B为表示非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线。在本实施例中，第一非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线210以及第二非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线220是用于扫描像素单元提供的第一取样信号以及第二取样信号。当第一取样信号与第一非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线210的某一点的电压值相同时，则斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120可读出对应的照度值以及数字数值。同理，当第二取样信号与第二非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线220的某一点的电压值相同时，则斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120可读出对应的照度值以及数字数值。
在本实施例中，第一非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线 210以及第二非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线220分别为斜率变化渐增的曲线或分段直线。在本实施例中，在图像传感器110 中阵列排列的多个像素单元的每一个可在一次取像操作中分别依据不同的曝光时间来输出第一取像信号以及第二取像信号。第一取像信号对应于较短曝光时间，并且第二取像信号对应于较长曝光时间。换言之，本实施例的图像传感器110可在一次取像操作中取得两笔图框数据。
在本实施例中，斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120可依据如图2A 的第一非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线210，来扫描第一取像信号，以取得高光处(照度值较高)的图像细节(照度值所对应的数字数值)，并且作为最高有效位数据(例如是4bits)。斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120可依据如图2B的第二非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线220，来扫描第二取像信号，以取得低光处 (照度值较低)的图像细节，并且作为最低有效位数据(例如是6 bits)。接着，存储器140将最高有效位数据以及最低有效位数据一并储存为一笔图框数据。
值得注意的是，由于人眼对于高光处的图像细节的分辨能力较低，因此通过较低的数据量(例如是4bits)来储存高光处的图像细节。相较于高光处的图框细节，人眼对于低光处的图像细节的分辨能力较高，因此通过较高的数据量(例如是6bits)来储存低光处的图框细节。在本实施例中，在较高光处的数字数值可以非线性的方式来分级，虽然图像会有较高的量化噪声(quantization noise)，但是由于散粒噪声(shot noise)远高于量化噪声(quantization noise)，不影响图框质量，例如第一非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线 210的横轴(时间)可对应于16级的数字数值(例如是4bits)。在本实施例中，在较低光处的照度同样可以非线性的方式来分级，例如第二非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线220的横轴可对应于64级的数字数值(例如是6bits)。换言之，本实施例的电子装置100在通过图像传感器取得图框的过程中，即可通过第一非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线210以及第二非线性斜率信号的电压与时间的关系曲线220来取得等同于压缩后的多个像素的多个最高有效位数据以及多个最低有效位数据，而无需先储存图框数据后，再进行数据压缩。对此，本实施例的电子装置100可有效节省数据处理时间以及存储器的储存空间。
图3是依照本发明的一实施例的像素单元的示意图。参考图3，上述实施例所述的像素单元的等效电路可如图3所示，但本发明并不限于此。在本实施例中，像素单元300可包括感光二极管PD、第一开关S1以及重置开关S2。感光二极管PD的一端耦接第一开关 S1以及重置开关S2。第一开关S1的一端耦接第一端点P1，其中第一端点P1可耦接至ADC，ADC输出端可耦接至上述的存储器。重置开关S2的一端耦接第二端点P2，并且第二端点P2可耦接至一放电路径。具体而言，在一个图框时间中，感光二极管PD依据感光结果而对应产生感光电荷，并且像素单元300先通过重置开关接收重置信号，以进行放电。接着，像素单元300再通过第一开关S1 接收读出信号，以将感光二极管PD所累积的感光电荷输出至ADC， ADC输出数据至存储器储存。另外，上述的重置信号以及读出信号可例如是脉冲信号。
图4是依照本发明的一实施例的操作像素单元的时序图。参考图3以及图4，上述实施例所述的像素单元300的重置开关S2可依据如图4所示时序图来接收第一重置信号RS1以及第二重置信号 RS2，并且像素单元300的第一开关S1可依据如图4所示时序图来接收第一读出信号RO1以及第二读出信号RO2。具体而言，在本实施例中，在一次取样操作中，首先，像素单元300的重置开关S2 接收第一重置信号RS1，并且接着第一开关S1接收第一读出信号RO1，其中第一重置信号RS1与第一读出信号RO1之间的第一时间差T1为第一曝光时间。接着，像素单元300的重置开关S2接收第二重置信号RS2，并且接着第一开关S1接收第二读出信号RO2，其中第二重置信号RS2与第二读出信号RO2之间的第二时间差T2 为第二曝光时间。在本实施例中，第一曝光时间短于第二曝光时间。也就是说，像素单元300在一次取样操作中可依据不同曝光时间来执行两次读出(read-out)的动作，以取得上述实施例所述的第一取像信号以及第二取像信号。
图5是依照本发明的一实施例的取像方法的流程图。参考图1 以及图5，本实施例的取像方法可至少适用于图1实施例的电子装置100。电子装置100包括图像传感器110、斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120以及存储器140。也就是说，电子装置100可执行以下步骤 S510～S550，以实现本实施例的取像方法。在步骤S510中，设置在图像传感器110中阵列排列的多个像素单元在一取像操作中输出多个第一取像信号以及多个第二取像信号。在步骤S520中，斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120产生第一非线性斜率信号以及第二非线性斜率信号。在步骤S530中，斜坡式模拟至数字转换器120依据第一非线性斜率信号以及这些第一取像信号来产生对应于多个像素的多个最高有效位数据。在步骤S540中，斜坡式模拟至数字转换器依据第二非线性斜率信号以及这些第二取像信号来产生对应于该些像素的多个最低有效位数据。在步骤S550中，存储器140一并储存这些像素的这些最高有效位数据以及这些像素的该些最低有效位数据，以产生一图框数据。
另外，关于本实施例所述的电子装置100的其他元件特征或实施细节，可参考上述图1至图4实施例的说明而获致足够的启示、建议以及实施说明，因此在此不再赘述。
综上所述，本发明电子装置以及取样方法，在一次取样操作中，可通过图像传感器的每一个像素单元依据不同曝光时间来执行两次数据读出动作，以取得多个第一取像信号以及多个第二取像信号，并且可通过斜坡式模拟至数字转换器依据第一非线性斜率信号来扫描这些第一取像信号，并且依据第二非线性斜率信号来扫描这些第二取像信号，以取得对应于在一图框中的每一个像素的最高有效位数据以及最低有效位数据。因此，本发明的电子装置以及取像方法可快速地取得高质量的图框数据(高动态范围)，并且可有效节省存储器空间。
虽然本发明已以实施例揭示如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何所属技术领域中的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作些许的更改与润饰，故本发明的保护范围当视权利要求所界定的为准。

Claims (16)

1.一种电子装置，包括：
图像传感器，包括阵列排列的多个像素单元，并且所述多个像素单元用以在取像操作中输出多个第一取像信号以及多个第二取像信号；
斜坡式模拟至数字转换器，耦接所述图像传感器，并且用以产生第一非线性斜率信号以及第二非线性斜率信号，其中所述斜坡式模拟至数字转换器依据所述第一非线性斜率信号以及所述多个第一取像信号来产生对应于高光处的图像细节的多个像素的多个最高有效位数据，并且依据所述第二非线性斜率信号以及所述多个第二取像信号来产生对应于低光处的图像细节的所述多个像素的多个最低有效位数据；以及
存储器，耦接所述斜坡式模拟至数字转换器，用以一并储存所述多个像素的所述多个最高有效位数据以及所述多个像素的所述多个最低有效位数据，以产生图框数据，
其中所述图框数据仅由所述多个最高有效位数据以及所述多个最低有效位数据组成，所述图框数据中的所述多个最高有效位数据仅用于储存所述高光处的图像细节，且所述图框数据中的所述多个最低有效位数据仅用于储存所述低光处的图像细节，
其中所述图框数据中的所述多个最高有效位数据的数据量被配置为低于所述图框数据中的所述多个最低有效位数据的数据量，且所述电子装置不使用叠加两张具有不同曝光程度的图框的方式来产生高动态范围的图框数据，以节省储存所述图框数据所需的存储器空间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其中所述多个像素单元在所述取像操作中依据第一曝光时间来输出所述多个第一取像信号，并且依据第二曝光时间来输出所述多个第二取像信号，其中所述第一曝光时间不同于所述第二曝光时间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电子装置，其中所述多个像素单元分别包括：
感光二极管；
第一开关，耦接所述感光二极管；以及
重置开关，耦接所述感光二极管，其中所述重置开关用以在所述取像操作中接收第一重置信号以及第二重置信号，并且所述第一开关用以在所述取像操作中接收第一读出信号以及第二读出信号，
其中所述第一重置信号与所述第一读出信号之间的第一时间差为所述第一曝光时间，并且所述第二重置信号与所述第二读出信号之间的第二时间差为所述第二曝光时间。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电子装置，其中所述第一曝光时间不等于所述第二曝光时间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其中所述存储器还用以在所述取像操作中仅储存所述图框数据。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其中所述多个最高有效位数据为4比特数据，并且所述多个最低有效位数据为6比特数据。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其中所述第一非线性斜率信号以及所述第二非线性斜率信号各自的电压与时间关系曲线为斜率变化渐增的曲线或分段直线。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其中所述图像传感器为指纹传感器。
9.一种取像方法，包括：
通过在图像传感器中阵列排列的多个像素单元在取像操作中输出多个第一取像信号以及多个第二取像信号；
通过斜坡式模拟至数字转换器产生第一非线性斜率信号以及第二非线性斜率信号；
通过所述斜坡式模拟至数字转换器依据所述第一非线性斜率信号以及所述多个第一取像信号来产生对应于高光处的图像细节的多个像素的多个最高有效位数据；
通过所述斜坡式模拟至数字转换器依据所述第二非线性斜率信号以及所述多个第二取像信号来产生对应于低光处的图像细节的所述多个像素的多个最低有效位数据；以及
通过存储器一并储存所述多个像素的所述多个最高有效位数据以及所述多个像素的所述多个最低有效位数据，以产生图框数据，
其中所述图框数据仅由所述多个最高有效位数据以及所述多个最低有效位数据组成，所述图框数据中的所述多个最高有效位数据仅用于储存所述高光处的图像细节，且所述图框数据中的所述多个最低有效位数据仅用于储存所述低光处的图像细节，
其中所述图框数据中的所述多个最高有效位数据的数据量低于所述图框数据中的所述多个最低有效位数据的数据量，且所述取像方法不使用叠加两张具有不同曝光程度的图框的方式来产生高动态范围的图框数据，以节省储存所述图框数据所需的存储器空间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的取像方法，其中通过在所述图像传感器中阵列排列的所述多个像素单元在所述取像操作中输出所述多个第一取像信号以及所述多个第二取像信号的步骤包括：
通过所述多个像素单元在所述取像操作中依据第一曝光时间来输出所述多个第一取像信号；以及
通过所述多个像素单元在所述取像操作中依据第二曝光时间来输出所述多个第二取像信号，其中所述第一曝光时间不同于所述第二曝光时间。
11.根据权利要求10所述的取像方法，其中所述多个像素单元分别包括感光二极管、第一开关以及重置开关，并且通过在所述图像传感器中阵列排列的所述多个像素单元在所述取像操作中输出所述多个第一取像信号以及所述多个第二取像信号的步骤包括操作所述多个像素单元以执行：
通过所述重置开关在所述取像操作中接收第一重置信号以及第二重置信号；以及
通过所述第一开关在所述取像操作中接收第一读出信号以及第二读出信号，
其中所述第一重置信号与所述第一读出信号之间的第一时间差为所述第一曝光时间，并且所述第二重置信号与所述第二读出信号之间的第二时间差为所述第二曝光时间。
12.根据权利要求10所述的取像方法，其中所述第一曝光时间不等于所述第二曝光时间。
13.根据权利要求9所述的取像方法，其中存储器在所述取像操作中仅储存所述图框数据。
14.根据权利要求9所述的取像方法，其中所述多个最高有效位数据为4比特数据，并且所述多个最低有效位数据为6比特数据。
15.根据权利要求9所述的取像方法，其中所述第一非线性斜率信号以及所述第二非线性斜率信号各自的电压与时间关系曲线为斜率变化渐增的曲线或分段直线。
16.根据权利要求9所述的取像方法，其中所述图像传感器为指纹传感器。
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