JP6918852B2 - 顕微鏡法に関するサンプル処理の改善 - Google Patents
顕微鏡法に関するサンプル処理の改善 Download PDFInfo
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Description
1.サンプル
図2を参照すると、撮像されているサンプル101(我々は時々、標本との語句をサンプルとの語句と互換的に用いる)は、粒子、小片、小粒、細胞、若しくは分子、又はそれらの組み合わせ若しくは任意の二以上の異なるタイプの組み合わせ等の、小さな同様のタイプのユニット97から成り得る、又は含み得る。ユニット97は、液体浮遊サンプルユニット97を形成するために液体95において浮遊され得る若しくは運ばれ得る、ガス浮遊サンプルユニットを形成するためにガスにおいて取り込まれ得る(図示されない)、センサーの表面上で浮遊されていない、取り込まれていない形態(例えば、粉末)において残され得る(図示されない)、又は、いくつかの実施例のみに名前を付けるために固体の統合されたマトリックス、ゲルの若しくは他の一体型自立材料、例えば組織の断面層において保持され得る。我々は時々、マトリックスとの用語を用いて、非常に広義に、例えば、サンプルユニットが保持される任意の材料を含み、液体、気体、固体、ゲル又は任意の他の材料を含む。
チャンバートップは、センサー表面103に対して下げられ得て、過剰容積のサンプルをセンサー102から除去し、(流体において分配される細胞等の)サンプルユニット97がセンサー102の表面103の上で均一に分散することを可能にする。いくつかの実装では、比較的少量のサンプル、例えば、約40μlの撮像が、センサーの上へ分配される、バルクサンプル、例えば約100μl以上に対して適用できるデータを生成するように、過剰容積の除去は、サンプルユニットのバルク濃度を変更しない。他の実装では、新たな濃度は、サンプルユニットのバルク濃度に対して一貫して比例しており、補正係数を決定することを可能にする。撮像に関する所望のサンプル濃度を達成するために、サンプルは、以下にさらに記載されるように、さらに処理され得る。
以前に説明されたように、撮像されるサンプルのサンプルユニット濃度は、センサー表面へ分配されるサンプルユニットのバルク濃度と同一である、又は、バルク濃度に対する既知の関連性を有することが望ましいことがある。
図4A及び4Bを参照すると、センサー表面103の上へ新たなサンプルをロードする前に、以前に撮像されたサンプルは除去され、センサー表面103は洗浄される。除去及び洗浄は、様々な方法において行われ得る。一例では、センサーと類似の幅を有する、糸くずの出ない吸収性のモップ1030が、センサー表面に沿って引きずられる(1031)。引きずりの間の一以上の瞬間では、モップ及びセンサー表面が、センサー表面全体を通して浅い角度を形成するように、モップはセンサーを包む。我々は、モップとセンサー表面との間のこのような接触を封止接触と呼ぶこともある。封止接触によって、モップは、表面をスクラブすること無くセンサーの全ての表面へ優れたアクセスを有する。
用途の特定のグループは血液を含む(つまり、サンプル101は血液を含む)。システムは、血液における細胞の種類を検出して分析すること、血液における様々な種類の細胞を数えること、血液における細胞の正常性を決定すること、血液における細胞の機能をモニタリングすること、及び血液の化学的性質を分析することにおいて用いられ得る。
白血球(WBC)は、血液において比較的低い濃度であり、濃度は、サンプルの調製において血液へ加えられた任意の希釈によってさらに減少され得る。結果として、撮像される又はカウントされることになる、センサー表面上の白血球の総数は、低いことがある。一般的に、粒子に関する係数誤差は、カウントの平方根であり、カウントされることになる粒子の数が少ないことは、高いパーセントエラー及び標準誤差につながり得る。
いくつかの実装では、サンプルは、素早くチャンバーにおいて(又はチャンバートップとセンサーとの間で)、且つ再現性のある方法で、撮像のために準備が為される。我々は時々、このプロセスをサンプル充填プロセスと呼ぶ。迅速なプロセスは、サンプルの蒸発を防止し得、その間にサンプルユニットが(例えば、重力に起因する沈降によって)流体内で再分配され得る、サンプルの休憩時間を減少させ得る。
撮像プロセスを通して集められたデータは、処理され得て、対象の様々な結果を生成する。例として、任意の細胞型における光吸収物質(又は、吸収体)の濃度、例えば、個別の赤血球のヘモグロビン含有量、を計算するための方法が、図8及び9と関連して以下に記載される。
a)吸収体に関して最適化された照射波長1070が使用のために決定される(1080)。一般的に、高いイメージコントラスト及び高い精度を達成するための波長は、吸収体に関する最大吸収波長である。
b)適切な種類の細胞は、コンピュータービジョンを介して、又は手動でセグメント化される1082。分光法に関連する式は、ベールの法則(I/I0=e−εCl)であり、Iは、サンプル(例えば、赤血球)を通った透過後の強度であり、I0は、水/非吸収材料を通った透過後の強度であり、εは、照射波長での物質(例えば、ヘモグロビン)の吸光計数であり、Cは、吸収体の濃度であり、lは、細胞1074を通る光の経路長である。
c)全ての吸収(I)は、細胞1074内のピクセルの強度を平均化することによって計算される1084。
d)RBCの場所でのバックグラウンド光強度(I0)は、(例えば、細胞1074近くのバックグラウンド領域1072を識別して、細胞がいるところへそれらの値を補間する/外挿することによって、)例えば、CV法を用いて、推定される1086。
e)経路長(l)は、例えば、分析の又は統計のモデルを、又は、サンプルが圧縮される場合、チャンバーの高さを用いて、計算され得る1088。
f)従って、吸収体の濃度は、上記式を用いて決定される1090。
Claims (16)
- イメージングセンサーのセンサー表面で露出された感光素子の2次元配置と、
センサー表面と第2表面との間であり且つ、液体マトリックス及び液体マトリックスにおける成分のユニットを含むサンプルの少なくとも一部を含むサンプル空間を形成するためにセンサー表面に対して所定の位置内へ移動される第2表面と、
繰り返しで旋回軸周りにセンサー表面へ向かって及びそこから離れて第2表面を旋回させることによってサンプルの混合を引き起こし、サンプルの一部をセンサー表面と第2表面との間の空間に流れさせ及びそこから出ていくことを引き起こすように構成されたメカニズムであって、
前記第2表面が、
前記センサー表面に関連したアライメントエッジに向かって伸び、且つ、前記アライメントエッジに対して耐えて前記旋回軸を画定する2つの伸びる部分と、
前記2つの伸びる部分と比較して、前記センサー表面に関連した前記アライメントエッジから離れて凹んだ第3部分であって、前記2つの伸びる部分が、前記センサー表面に関連した前記アライメントエッジと接触しているときに、前記第3部分が、前記センサー表面に関連した前記アライメントエッジと接触しない、第3部分と、
を含む、メカニズムと、
第2表面が所定の位置であるときに液体マトリックスの及び成分のユニットの画像を撮るために画像センサーを用いるように構成された電気回路と、を含む装置。 - メカニズムが、制御された速度で第2表面を移動させる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- メカニズムが、アクチュエーターを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- アクチュエーターが、ポンプを含む、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 少なくともいくらかの部分の混合の間に、第2表面は、第2表面が所定の位置であるときよりも、センサー表面からさらに離れている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- サンプルの混合が、前記液体マトリックスにおける前記成分の濃度を、前記成分の前記ユニットのバルク濃度に対して一貫した関係を有するようにし、前記一貫した関係が、補正係数によって画定される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- メカニズムが、自動的に制御される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- メカニズムが、軌道に沿って第2表面を移動させるように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- イメージングセンサーのセンサー表面に関連したアライメントエッジと接触する第1表面のアライメントエッジの、2つの伸びる部分を配して、旋回軸を画定する段階であって、
前記アライメントエッジが、前記2つの伸びる部分と比較して、前記センサー表面に関連した前記アライメントエッジから離れて凹んだ第3部分であって、前記2つの伸びる部分が、前記センサー表面に関連した前記アライメントエッジと接触しているときに、前記第3部分が、前記センサー表面に関連した前記アライメントエッジと接触しない、第3部分を含む、段階と、
サンプルがセンサー表面上に配されるときに前記センサー表面に向かって及びセンサー表面から前記旋回軸周りに前記第1表面を繰り返しで旋回させて、サンプルの一部をセンサー表面と第1表面との間の空間に流れさせ及びそこから出ていくことを引き起こす段階であって、サンプルが、液体マトリックス及び液体マトリックスにおける成分のユニットを含む、段階と、
その後、センサー表面に対して所定の位置へ第1表面を移動させる段階と、
第1表面が所定の位置であるときに、液体マトリックスの及び成分のユニットの画像を撮るためにイメージングセンサーを用いる段階と、を含む方法。 - イメージングセンサーが画像を撮る前に、第1表面とセンサー表面との間の空間においてサンプルを提供する段階を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- サンプルを提供する段階が、空間内へサンプル内へ移動させるための毛細管流動を可能にする段階を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- センサー表面に対して所定の位置へ第1表面を移動させる段階が、センサー表面に対してサンプルを押し付ける段階を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 所定の位置への第1表面の移動又は繰り返しの移動の内の少なくとも一つが、自動的に制御される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- センサー表面へ向かって及びセンサー表面から第1表面を繰り返しで移動させる段階の前に空間内へサンプルを排出する段階を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- サンプルが自動的に排出される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- センサー表面へ向かう及びセンサー表面から離れる第1表面の、少なくともいくらかの部分の繰り返しの動きの間に、第1表面は、第1表面が所定の位置であるときよりも、センサー表面からさらに離れている、請求項9に記載の方法。
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JP2016531282A (ja) | 2016-10-06 |
EP3014330A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
EP3014330A4 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
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EP3014330B1 (en) | 2024-01-03 |
US20170075099A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
US10746979B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 |
CA2953620A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
US9518920B2 (en) | 2016-12-13 |
US20220206282A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
WO2014205576A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
CN105765440B (zh) | 2020-08-18 |
US20180284416A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
CA3080335A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
US20150002834A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
US20200379234A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
JP2019090825A (ja) | 2019-06-13 |
US11874452B2 (en) | 2024-01-16 |
US10809512B2 (en) | 2020-10-20 |
US20190324258A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
US9989750B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
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