JP5583029B2 - リチウムイオン電池用の混合された金属オリビン電極材料 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池用の混合された金属オリビン電極材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5583029B2 JP5583029B2 JP2010543309A JP2010543309A JP5583029B2 JP 5583029 B2 JP5583029 B2 JP 5583029B2 JP 2010543309 A JP2010543309 A JP 2010543309A JP 2010543309 A JP2010543309 A JP 2010543309A JP 5583029 B2 JP5583029 B2 JP 5583029B2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 65
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 24
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 18
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 163
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 148
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011263 electroactive material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- MVGWWCXDTHXKTR-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O MVGWWCXDTHXKTR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 84
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 66
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 18
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 17
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- BMTOKWDUYJKSCN-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);phosphate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O BMTOKWDUYJKSCN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 trilithium phosphate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PYRZPBDTPRQYKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CCCC1 PYRZPBDTPRQYKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012035 limiting reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XNHGKSMNCCTMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-D niobium(5+);oxalate Chemical compound [Nb+5].[Nb+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XNHGKSMNCCTMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
リチウムリッチ正電極を有するリチウムイオン二次電池の準備
リチウムとリン酸塩にリッチな正電極を有するリチウムイオン二次電池の準備
* mAhr/gとしてのカソード比容量。FCCは最初の充電容量;C/5は単位時間あたりの理論セル容量の1/5倍の速度における放電容量;10Cは単位時間あたりの理論セル容量の10倍の速度における放電容量。
アンドープのオリビンカソード材料を有するリチウムイオン二次電池の準備
チタンがドープされたオリビンカソード材料を有するリチウムイオン二次電池の準備
Claims (16)
- 高い放電速度で改良された電荷容量を有する正電極材料であって、
リチウム(Li)、電気活性金属(M)、およびリン酸塩(PO4)を含む2またはそれ以上の相を有する電気活性材料を含み、
電気活性材料の全体の組成は、1.1以上で1.3までの範囲のLi:Mの比と、1.0から1.14までの範囲の(PO4):Mの比とを有し、
MはCr、Mn、Fe、Co、およびNiからなるグループから選択される1またはそれ以上の金属であり、
電気活性材料は、オリビンリチウム電気活性金属リン酸塩構造相と、10重量%未満のリチウムリッチの第2相、またはリチウムリッチかつリン酸塩リッチの第2相と、を含む正電極材料。 - 電気活性材料は、更に、V、Nb、Ti、Al、Mg、Mn、Co、NiおよびZrからなるグループから選択された1またはそれ以上のドーパント金属(Z)を含み、MとZとは異なる請求項1に記載の正電極材料。
- MはFeを含み、
電気活性材料は、5mol%までの1またはそれ以上のドーパント金属を含み、
Li:Mの比は1.1以上で1.15までの範囲であり、(PO4):Mの比は1.0から1.05までの範囲、または、
Li:Mの比は1.1以上で1.2までの範囲であり、(PO4):Mの比は1.05から1.07までの範囲、または、
Li:Mの比は1.1以上で1.3までの範囲であり、(PO4):Mの比は1.07から1.14までの範囲、から選択される1つである請求項2に記載の正電極材料。 - 1またはそれ以上のドーパント金属は、オリビンリチウム電気活性金属リン酸塩構造中の、1またはそれ以上のリチウムまたは電気活性金属を置き換える請求項2に記載の正電極材料。
- オリビンリチウム電気活性金属リン酸塩構造は、(Li1−xZx)MPO4の式を有し、xは0.001から0.05の範囲であり、電気活性材料の全体の組成中で、(Li1−xZx):Mの比は1.1以上で1.3までの範囲である請求項2に記載の正電極材料。
- 電気活性材料は、オリビンリチウム電気活性金属リン酸塩構造相と、リチウムリッチかつリン酸塩リッチな第2相とを含む請求項1に記載の正電極材料。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の正電極材料を含む正電極。
- リチウム二次電池であって、
正電極電流コレクタと電子的に接続した正電極であって、電流コレクタは外部回路と電気的に接続された正電極と、
負電極電流コレクタと電子的に接続した負電極であって、電流コレクタは外部回路と電気的に接続された負電極と、
カソードとアノードの間に配置され、それらとイオン接続するセパレータと、
正電極および負電極とイオン接続する電解質とを含み、
正電極は、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の電気活性材料を含むリチウム二次電池。 - 負電極は、リチウム層間化合物またはリチウム金属合金を含む請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 負電極は、炭素を含む請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 電気活性材料は、5mol%までの1またはそれ以上のドーパント金属を含む請求項2に記載の正電極材料。
- 第2相は、リン酸リチウムまたはリチウムピロリン酸塩を含む請求項1に記載の正電極材料。
- 正電極は、バインダと電気伝導性材料とを含む請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の正電極材料を含む正電極。
- 負電極は、グラファイトカーボンを含む請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 炭素は、グラファイト、球状黒鉛、メソカーボンマイクロビーズ、および炭素繊維からなるグループから選択される請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- リチウムリッチの第2相、またはリチウムリッチかつかつリン酸塩リッチの第2相は、オリビンリチウム電気活性金属リン酸塩構造相を部分的に被覆する請求項1に記載の正電極材料。
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CN101946346A (zh) | 2011-01-12 |
US20090186277A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
KR20110020759A (ko) | 2011-03-03 |
JP2011510457A (ja) | 2011-03-31 |
CN101946346B (zh) | 2015-03-04 |
EP2238637A4 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
US8541136B2 (en) | 2013-09-24 |
KR101612566B1 (ko) | 2016-04-14 |
EP2238637A2 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
WO2009092098A3 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
KR20160014789A (ko) | 2016-02-11 |
WO2009092098A2 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
TWI466370B (zh) | 2014-12-21 |
TW200950191A (en) | 2009-12-01 |
EP2238637B1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
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