JP5460948B2 - 高速充放電性能を備えたリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
高速充放電性能を備えたリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5460948B2 JP5460948B2 JP2006552287A JP2006552287A JP5460948B2 JP 5460948 B2 JP5460948 B2 JP 5460948B2 JP 2006552287 A JP2006552287 A JP 2006552287A JP 2006552287 A JP2006552287 A JP 2006552287A JP 5460948 B2 JP5460948 B2 JP 5460948B2
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- anode
- cathode
- lithium
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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Description
驚くべきことに、この発明の一つ以上の実施例によるリチウムイオン電池は、電流コレクタの片側に例えば、約50〜125μmの陽極層等の、厚い電極層を備えた電池内で高速充電を実現する。より厚い電極層はより高い充電容量を提供するが、一般に電極のインピーダンスも増大させる(例えば、リチウム拡散経路の距離や蛇行の増大による)。電解質を介して、陽極と陰極を互いにイオン接触させて構成した単一セルでは、面積充電容量は、例えば、少なくとも0.75mAh/cm2等、両側電極で測定される面積容量の半分である。驚くべきことに、少なくとも0.75mAh/cm2、または1.0mAh/cm2、または1.5mAh/cm2の面積充電容量を備えたリチウムイオン電池は、陰極においてリチウムをメッキさせることなく高速充放電可能であることが発見された。
ドープ済みLiFePO4を作製するために、シュウ酸鉄、炭酸リチウム、アンモニウム二水素リン酸塩およびジルコニウムエトキシドを2:1:2:0.02のモル比で、粉砕媒体とアセトンを含むプラスチック粉挽き瓶内で72時間混合する。アセトンの沸点までスラリを加熱および撹拌し、アセトンを除去する。乾燥した粉末は、不活性雰囲気下で毎分1℃ずつ350℃まで加熱し、そこで10時間保持し、その後、毎分5℃ずつ600℃まで上昇させ、そこで20時間保持する。最終製品は粉挽きし、水分を含まないように保存する。
面積固有インピーダンス(ASI)は、表面積に対して規格化した素子のインピーダンスであり、LCZメータまたは周波数応答アナライザを用いて、1kHz(Ω)において測定したインピーダンスと、対向電極の表面積(cm2)の積として定義される。この測定は、電池に小さな(5mV)の正弦波電圧を印加し、得られる電流応答を測定することによって行われた。得られる応答は、同相成分と異相成分によって説明できる。それから、1kHzにおけるインピーダンスの同相(実または抵抗)成分と対向電極の表面積(cm2)を掛けて、面積固有インピーダンスを与える。実施例1の電池の面積固有インピーダンスは、15Ωcm2であった。
陽極は実施例1で説明したように作製したが、唯一の例外は、陽極ペーストを作製するための注型溶媒として、NMPではなくアセトンを用いたことである。円筒リチウムイオンバッテリは、実施例1で説明したステップおよび手順に従って正確に組み立てた。カレンダ処理後、電流コレクタ箔から取り除いた陽極材料は、多孔率27体積%、比表面積13m2/gを有していた。
陽極は実施例1で説明したように作製したが、唯一の例外は、陽極ペーストを作製するための注型溶媒として、純粋なNMPではなく、体積比90:1のアセトンとNMPの混合物を用いたことである。円筒リチウムイオンバッテリは、実施例1で説明したステップおよび手順に従って正確に組み立てた。
炭素系の陰極は実施例1で説明した手順に従って作製したが、唯一の例外は、MCMB6−28の代わりに、より粒径が大きい中間相微小ビーズグラファイト系炭素、MCMB1−28(大阪ガス株式会社)を用いたことである。それから、円筒リチウムバッテリは、実施例1で説明したステップと手順に従って正確に組み立てた。
パウチ型試験電池は、実施例1で説明した陽極と陰極から打ち抜いた長方形の電極部分を用いて組み立て、例外は(1)陽極ペーストを作製するために注型溶媒として純粋なNMPではなく、体積比90:10のアセトン−NMP混合物を用い、(2)Celgard2500ではなく、Celgard E903微細孔セパレータを用い、(3)電解質として、環式および非環式カーボネートエステルの混合物のLiPF6の1.0M溶液を用いたことである。
基準電極パウチ電池は、実施例5で説明した手順に従って製造した。
18650型円筒電池は、実施例1で説明したとおりの陽極と陰極を用いて組み立て、唯一の違いは、陽極ペーストを作製するための注型溶媒として、純粋なNMPではなく、体積比90:10のアセトン−NMP混合物を用いたことである。18650円筒リチウムイオンバッテリは、実施例1で説明したステップおよび手順に従って正確に組み立てた。
比較のために、いくつかの主要製造業者が作製した複数の現在市販のリチウムイオン電池をそれらのセルバッテリ包装から回収し、4.2Vと2.8Vの複数の遅い(C/5)充放電サイクルに曝し、その後、C/2〜4Cの放電速度で一連の単一放電を行った。最も高性能の電池の種類(LiCoO2−グラファイト対に基づく800mAhプリズム型電池が、低速サイクル中の非常に低い容量減衰と、最も高い速度性能(レート4Cで84%の容量保持)を示した)をさらなる比較試験のために選択した。
Claims (17)
- 粒子状導電性添加物と、カンラン石構造を備えたリチウム遷移金属リン酸塩を含み、10m2/gより大きな比表面積と、40〜60体積%の間の全細孔体積を備え、陽極電流コレクタ上に50〜125μmの厚さの層を形成した陽極と、
粒子状導電性添加物と、25ミクロン未満の平均粒径を備えたグラファイト系炭素を含み、25〜40体積%の全細孔体積を備え、陰極電流コレクタ上に20〜75μmの厚さの層を形成した陰極と、
これらの陰極及び陽極の間に配置し、イオン接触させた微細孔電気絶縁セパレータと、
前記陰極及び陽極にイオン接触させた電解質を有するリチウム二次電池であって、
4C以上で充電中、LCZメータまたは周波数応答アナライザを用いて1kHzで測定した単位面積素子のインピーダンスに対向電極の表面積を掛けた面積固有インピーダンスについて、陰極のそれに対する陽極のそれの割合を3より大きくすることにより、陰極電位がLi/Li+の電位より高くなるようにしたリチウム二次電池。 - 前記陽極と陰極の単位面積当たりの電流容量が、少なくとも1.0mAh/cm2である請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記陽極と陰極の単位面積当たりの電流容量が、少なくとも1.5mAh/cm2 である請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属リン酸塩の遷移金属が、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルトおよびニッケルの一つ以上を有する請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属リン酸塩が式(Li1-xZx)MPO4からなり、Mがバナジウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルトおよびニッケルの一つ以上であり、Zがチタン、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、アルミニウム、またはマグネシウムの一つ以上であり、xが0.005〜0.05の範囲である請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記Zが、ジルコニウムとニオブからなるグループから選択される請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記陽極が、15m2/gより大きな比表面積を有する請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記陰極のグラファイト系炭素が、15ミクロン未満の平均粒径を有する請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記陰極が、3.0Ωcm2以下の面積固有インピーダンスr2を有する請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 10CのCレートで測定した陽極の充放電容量が、1/10CのCレートで測定した定格容量の90%より大きい請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 電池のインピーダンスが14Ωcm2より小さく、陽極が面積固有インピーダンスr1を有し、陰極が面積固有インピーダンスr2を有し、r1とr2の比が少なくとも6である請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 電池のインピーダンスが12Ωcm2より小さく、陽極が面積固有インピーダンスr1を有し、陰極が面積固有インピーダンスr2を有し、r1とr2の比が少なくとも5である請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- リチウム二次電池を充電する方法であって、
(a)請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池を用意し、
(b)このリチウム二次電池を少なくとも4CのCレートで充電することにより、少なくとも95%の充電状態が15分未満で得られるようにした充電方法。 - 10CのCレートで電池を充電し、少なくとも90%の充電状態が6分未満で得られる請求項13に記載の方法。
- 20CのCレートで電池を充電し、少なくとも80%の充電状態が3分未満で得られる請求項13に記載の方法。
- 電池を過電位で充電する請求項13に記載の方法。
- 電池を電解質の酸化電位の近傍の電位で充電する請求項13に記載の方法。
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WO2020078358A1 (zh) | 2018-10-17 | 2020-04-23 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 负极极片及电池 |
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US8080338B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 |
US7261979B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 |
CN102751488A (zh) | 2012-10-24 |
AU2005213420B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
EP1716610B1 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
TWI390790B (zh) | 2013-03-21 |
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JP2007522620A (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
CA2555521A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
EP1716610A2 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
US20050233219A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
US20050233220A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
CA2851994C (en) | 2018-05-15 |
EP1716610A4 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
JP5937565B2 (ja) | 2016-06-22 |
KR101273100B1 (ko) | 2013-06-13 |
KR20070001166A (ko) | 2007-01-03 |
CN1806355A (zh) | 2006-07-19 |
US7799461B2 (en) | 2010-09-21 |
JP2014078510A (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
CA2555521C (en) | 2014-08-05 |
CN102751488B (zh) | 2016-05-25 |
WO2005076936A3 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
US20110081577A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
TW200536169A (en) | 2005-11-01 |
ATE522003T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
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