JP5370572B2 - 液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5370572B2 JP5370572B2 JP2012245146A JP2012245146A JP5370572B2 JP 5370572 B2 JP5370572 B2 JP 5370572B2 JP 2012245146 A JP2012245146 A JP 2012245146A JP 2012245146 A JP2012245146 A JP 2012245146A JP 5370572 B2 JP5370572 B2 JP 5370572B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133502—Antiglare, refractive index matching layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136209—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix, incorporated in the active matrix substrate, e.g. structurally associated with the switching element
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136227—Through-hole connection of the pixel electrode to the active element through an insulation layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136277—Active matrix addressed cells formed on a semiconductor substrate, e.g. of silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133345—Insulating layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/02—Function characteristic reflective
Description
また、前記第1遮光層は、隣り合う前記反射電極の間隙を覆うように設けられていることを特徴とする。
また、前記画素領域の外側において、前記第1遮光層と同一層に、前記駆動回路を構成するスイッチング素子に接続された配線を有することを特徴とする。
また、前記画素領域の外側において、前記第1遮光層と同一層に、前記駆動回路と重なるように設けられた第3遮光層を有することを特徴とする。
図1および図3は、本発明を適用した反射型液晶パネルの反射電極側基板の第1の実施例を示す。なお、図1および図3にはマトリックス状に配置されている画素のうち一画素部分の断面図と平面レイアウトを示す。図1(a)は図3におけるI−I線に沿った断面を示す。図1(b)は同じく図3におけるII−II線に沿った断面を示す。
以上の説明では半導体基板を用いた液晶パネル用基板の構成及びそれを用いた液晶パネルについて説明してきたが、以下にはガラス等の絶縁性基板を用いた反射型液晶パネル用基板の構造について説明する。
図8は、本発明の液晶パネルを用いた電子機器の一例であり、本発明の反射型液晶パネルをライトバルブとして用いたプロジェクタ(投写型表示装置)の要部を平面的に見た概略構成図である。この図8は、光学要素130の中心を通って配置した光源部110、インテグレータレンズ120、偏光変換素子130から概略構成される偏光照明装置100、偏光照明装置100から出射されたS偏光束をS偏光束反射面201により反射させる偏光ビームスプリッタ200、偏光ビームスプリッタ200のS偏光反射面201から反射された光のうち、青色光(B)の成分を分離するダイクロイックミラー412、分離された青色光(B)を青色光を変調する反射型液晶ライトバルブ300B、青色光が分離された後の光束のうち赤色光(R)の成分を反射させて分離するダイクロイックミラー413、分離された赤色光(R)を変調する反射型液晶ライトバルブ300R、ダイクロイックミラー413を透過する残りの緑色光(G)を変調する反射型液晶ライトバルブ300G、3つの反射型液晶ライトバルブ300R、300G、300Bにて変調された光をダイクロイックミラー412,413、偏光ビームスプリッタ200にて合成し、この合成光をスクリーン600に投写する投写レンズからなる投写光学系500から構成されている。上記3つの反射型液晶ライトバルブ300R、300G、300Bには、それぞれ前述の液晶パネルが用いられている。
Claims (7)
- 画素がマトリックス状に配置される画素領域と、該画素領域の外側に配置される駆動回路とを備え、
前記画素領域に、スイッチング素子と、前記スイッチング素子を覆う第1遮光層と、前記第1遮光層と層間絶縁膜を介して設けられた反射電極と、前記反射電極と前記層間絶縁膜との間に設けられた反射防止膜と、
前記画素領域の外側に、前記反射電極と同一層からなり、前記駆動回路と重なるように設けられた第2遮光層とを有することを特徴とする液晶パネル用基板。 - 前記第1遮光層は、隣り合う前記反射電極の間隙を覆うように設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の液晶パネル用基板。
- 前記画素領域の外側において、前記第1遮光層と同一層に、前記駆動回路を構成するスイッチング素子に接続された配線を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の液晶パネル用基板。
- 前記画素領域の外側において、前記第1遮光層と同一層に、前記駆動回路と重なるように設けられた第3遮光層を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の液晶パネル用基板。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の液晶パネル用基板とこれに対向する基板との間に液晶を挟持して構成されることを特徴とする液晶パネル。
- 請求項5記載の液晶パネルを表示部として備えることを特徴とする電子機器。
- 光源と、前記光源からの光を変調する請求項5記載の液晶パネルと、前記液晶パネルにより変調された光を集光し投写する投写光学手段とを備えることを特徴とする投写型表示装置。
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JP2012245146A JP5370572B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 2012-11-07 | 液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 |
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JP1996279389 | 1996-10-22 | ||
JP27938996 | 1996-10-22 | ||
JP2012245146A JP5370572B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 2012-11-07 | 液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 |
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JP2011006690A Division JP5168364B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 2011-01-17 | 液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 |
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JP5370572B2 true JP5370572B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
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JP51922198A Expired - Lifetime JP3728755B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 1997-10-21 | アクティブマトリックス型液晶パネル |
JP2008205336A Expired - Lifetime JP4702416B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 2008-08-08 | 液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 |
JP2011006690A Expired - Lifetime JP5168364B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 2011-01-17 | 液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 |
JP2012245146A Expired - Lifetime JP5370572B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 2012-11-07 | 液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 |
JP2013157465A Expired - Lifetime JP5668808B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 2013-07-30 | 液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 |
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JP51922198A Expired - Lifetime JP3728755B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 1997-10-21 | アクティブマトリックス型液晶パネル |
JP2008205336A Expired - Lifetime JP4702416B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 2008-08-08 | 液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 |
JP2011006690A Expired - Lifetime JP5168364B2 (ja) | 1996-10-22 | 2011-01-17 | 液晶パネル用基板、液晶パネル、電子機器及び投射型表示装置 |
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US (8) | US20010043175A1 (ja) |
JP (5) | JP3728755B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998018044A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (39)
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US20010043175A1 (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 2001-11-22 | Masahiro Yasukawa | Liquid crystal panel substrate, liquid crystal panel, and electronic equipment and projection type display device both using the same |
US7872728B1 (en) | 1996-10-22 | 2011-01-18 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid crystal panel substrate, liquid crystal panel, and electronic device and projection display device using the same |
JP2000206562A (ja) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-28 | Sony Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
US6677613B1 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2004-01-13 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method of fabricating the same |
TW526355B (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2003-04-01 | Sanyo Electric Co | Reflection type liquid crystal display device |
TW464915B (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-11-21 | United Microelectronics Corp | Structure of multilayer thin-film coating passivation layer and the manufacturing method thereof |
TW478014B (en) * | 1999-08-31 | 2002-03-01 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing thereof |
US6876145B1 (en) | 1999-09-30 | 2005-04-05 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Organic electroluminescent display device |
JP3824469B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-03 | 2006-09-20 | シャープ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置、及びその製造方法 |
KR100606962B1 (ko) * | 2000-12-23 | 2006-08-01 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 액정표시장치 및 그 제조방법 |
JP2002221717A (ja) * | 2001-01-26 | 2002-08-09 | Kawasaki Microelectronics Kk | 液晶表示装置 |
JP4038485B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-12 | 2008-01-23 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | 薄膜トランジスタを備えた平板表示素子 |
KR100669688B1 (ko) * | 2003-03-12 | 2007-01-18 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 박막트랜지스터 및 이를 구비한 평판표시소자 |
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1997
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- 1997-10-21 US US09/091,544 patent/US6831623B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-21 JP JP51922198A patent/JP3728755B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-10-10 US US10/682,537 patent/US7154460B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-07-06 US US11/480,845 patent/US7339567B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-12-31 US US12/003,727 patent/US7932974B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-08-08 JP JP2008205336A patent/JP4702416B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2011
- 2011-01-17 JP JP2011006690A patent/JP5168364B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2011-03-17 US US13/050,376 patent/US8208101B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
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- 2012-11-07 JP JP2012245146A patent/JP5370572B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2013
- 2013-07-30 JP JP2013157465A patent/JP5668808B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2013-12-10 US US14/102,075 patent/US20140111720A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2008262247A (ja) | 2008-10-30 |
US8208101B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 |
WO1998018044A1 (fr) | 1998-04-30 |
US20110170025A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
JP2013065028A (ja) | 2013-04-11 |
US7339567B2 (en) | 2008-03-04 |
JP2014029530A (ja) | 2014-02-13 |
US20120224112A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
JP5168364B2 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
JP5668808B2 (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
US20080129897A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
US20140111720A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
US20040075629A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
JP4702416B2 (ja) | 2011-06-15 |
JP3728755B2 (ja) | 2005-12-21 |
US20010043175A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
JP2011141547A (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
US7154460B2 (en) | 2006-12-26 |
US20060250548A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
US6831623B2 (en) | 2004-12-14 |
US7932974B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 |
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