JP4971323B2 - カラー画素とパンクロ画素の処理 - Google Patents
カラー画素とパンクロ画素の処理 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/135—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on four or more different wavelength filter elements
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Description
a)パンクロ画素と、少なくとも2通りのカラー光応答に対応するカラー画素とを含む画像をイメージ・センサーを用いて捕獲するステップと;
b)捕獲されたその画像から、ディジタル・パンクロ画像と中間ディジタル・カラー画像を生成させるステップと;
c)そのディジタル・パンクロ画像と中間ディジタル・カラー画像を用いて最終ディジタル・カラー画像を提供するステップを含む方法が提供される。
P22 = (P12 + P32)/2
適応法も利用することができる。例えば1つの適応法は、図17Aに示したパンクロ値を利用して3つの勾配値を計算し、その絶対値を取るというものである。
SCLAS = ABS (P31 - P13)
VCLAS = ABS (P32 - P12)
BCLAS = ABS (P33 - P11)
同様にして3つの予想値が計算される。
SPRED = (P31 + P13)/2
VPRED = (P32 + P12)/2
BPRED = (P33 + P11)/2
G R
B G
を示すような最小繰り返し単位を有する。
HCLAS = ABS (P4 - P2) + ABS (2×P3 - P2 - P4)
VCLAS = ABS (P5 - P1) + ABS (2×P3 - P1 - P5)
次に2つの予想値を計算する。第1の予想値は水平方向に関係し、第2の予想値は鉛直方向に関係する。
HPRED = (G4 + G2)/2 + (2×P3 - P2 - P4)/2
VPRED = (G5 + G1)/2 + (2×P3 - P1 - P5)/2
最後に、THRESHを経験的に決定した閾値とすることで、欠けている値G3を以下のようにして適応的に計算することができる。
IF MAX (HCLAS, VCLAS) < THRESH
G3 = (HPRED + VPRED)/2
ELSEIF VCLAS < HCLAS
G3 = VPRED
ELSE
G3 = HPRED
END
したがって両方の分類値が閾値よりも小さい場合には、両方の予想値の平均を計算してG3とする。そうでない場合には、分類値HCLASとVCLASのどちらが小さいかに応じてHPREDまたはVPREDを利用する。
R3 = (R4 + R2)/2 + (2×G3 - G2 - G4)/2
欠けている青色値は、同様の条件下で同じようにして計算される。この時点では、まだ赤色値と青色値が欠けている画素だけが、鉛直方向の内挿を必要とする画素である。図19Cに示してあるように、画素252には赤色値が欠けており、鉛直方向に隣接している2つの画素(画素250と254)はそれぞれ赤色値R1とR5を持つ。このような条件下では、画素252に関する赤色値(R3)は以下のようにして計算される。
R3 = (R5 + R1)/2 + (2×G3 - G1 - G5)/2
欠けている青色値は、同様の条件で同じようにして計算される。こうすることで、低解像度不完全カラー画像の内挿が完成し、その結果が低解像度中間カラー画像となる。すでに説明したように、低解像度色差は、今やそれぞれの色平面(すなわち上で説明した例における赤、緑、青)から低解像度パンクロ値を差し引くことによって計算できる。
HCLAS = ABS (G4 - G2) + ABS (2×G3 - G2 - G4)
VCLAS = ABS (G5 - G1) + ABS (2×G3 - G1 - G5)
次に2つの予想値を計算する。第1の予想値は水平方向に関係し、第2の予想値は鉛直方向に関係する。
HPRED = (R4 + R2)/2 + (2×G3 - G2 - G4)/2
VPRED = (R5 + R1)/2 + (2×G3 - G1 - G5)/2
最後に、THRESHを経験的に決定した閾値とすることで、欠けている値R3を以下のようにして適応的に計算することができる。
IF MAX (HCLAS, VCLAS) < THRESH
R3 = (HPRED + VPRED)/2
ELSEIF VCLAS < HCLAS
R3 = VPRED
ELSE
R3 = HPRED
END
したがって両方の分類値が閾値よりも小さい場合には、両方の予想値の平均を計算してR3とする。そうでない場合には、分類値HCLASとVCLASのどちらが小さいかに応じてHPREDまたはVPREDを利用する。
11 イメージング段
12 レンズ
13 中性フィルタ
14 虹彩絞り
16 明るさセンサー
18 シャッター
20 イメージ・センサー
22 アナログ信号処理装置
24 アナログ/ディジタル(A/D)変換器
26 タイミング発生装置
28 イメージ・センサー段
30 ディジタル信号処理装置(DSP)のバス
32 ディジタル信号処理装置(DSP)のメモリ
36 ディジタル信号処理装置(DSP)
38 処理段
40 露出制御装置
50 システム制御装置
52 システム制御装置のバス
54 プログラム用メモリ
56 システム用メモリ
57 ホストとのインターフェイス
60 メモリ・カードとのインターフェイス
62 メモリ・カード用ソケット
64 メモリ・カード
68 ユーザー制御/状態インターフェイス
70 ビューファインダ・ディスプレイ
72 露出ディスプレイ
74 ユーザー入力
76 状態ディスプレイ
80 ビデオ・エンコーダ
82 ディスプレイ制御装置
88 画像ディスプレイ
100 ベイヤー・パターンのための最小繰り返し単位
102 最小ではないベイヤー・パターンのための繰り返し単位
110 赤外阻止フィルタの分光透過曲線
112 フィルタのないセンサーの分光光応答曲線
114 センサーの赤色光応答曲線
116 センサーの緑色光応答曲線
118 センサーの青色光応答曲線
120 第1の緑色セル
122 赤色セル
124 青色セル
126 第2の緑色セル
202 低解像度不完全カラー・ブロック
204 高解像度パンクロ・ブロック
206 低解像度パンクロ・ブロック
208 低解像度色差ブロック
210 高解像度色差ブロック
212 高解像度最終画像ブロック
220 第1の緑色セル
222 第1の緑色セル内の緑色画素
224 赤色セル
226 青色セル
228 第2の緑色セル
230 欠けた緑色値を内挿するための上側画素
232 欠けた緑色値を内挿するための左側画素
234 緑色値が欠けた画素
236 欠けた緑色値を内挿するための右側画素
238 欠けた緑色値を内挿するための下側画素
240 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための左側画素
242 赤色値が欠けた画素
244 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための右側画素
250 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための上側画素
252 赤色値が欠けた画素
254 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための下側画素
260 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための上側画素
262 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための左側画素
264 赤色値が欠けた画素
266 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための右側画素
268 欠けた赤色値を内挿するための下側画素
Claims (9)
- ディジタルカラー画像を形成する方法であって、
パンクロ画素と、少なくとも2通りのカラー光応答に対応するカラー画素との双方を有する画像を固体イメージ・センサーを用いて捕獲するステップと;
カラー光感度を増加するために前記カラー画素の全てを複数の単位にグループ化するステップであって、単位それぞれは、前記少なくとも2つのカラー光応答のそれぞれに対する同一のカラー光応答を有する複数の画素を含むステップと、
前記複数の単位のそれぞれにおける前記複数のカラー画素からの第1の信号を組み合わせて、前記単位の解像度に基づく第1の解像度を有する低解像度デジタルカラー画像を形成するステップと、
前記個々のパンクロ画素からの第2の信号を用いて、前記イメージ・センサーの画素の解像度に基づく第2の解像度を有する高解像度デジタルパンクロ画像を提供するステップと、
前記高解像度デジタルパンクロ画像と、前記低解像度デジタルカラー画像とを組み合わせて、高解像度デジタルカラー画像を提供するステップと、
を含む方法。 - 単位それぞれが、少なくとも12個の画素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記単位がさらに互いに重なっていない複数のセルに分割されていて、各セルは、少なくとも2つのパンクロ画素と、分光光応答が同じ少なくとも2つのカラー画素とを含んでいる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- イメージ・センサーを用いて捕獲されたカラー画像を処理することにより、低照明条件下で捕獲されたカラー画像をうまく再現できるようにする方法であって、
a)固体イメージ・センサーを用いて、信号によって表現される画像を捕獲するステップであって、前記イメージ・センサーは、単一の画素パターン内部に信号を発生させる第1の画素群と第2の画素群の双方を有する二次元画素アレイであり、前記第1の画素群は前記第2の画素群よりも分光光応答が狭く、前記第1の画素群は、分光光応答が互いに異なっていて少なくとも2つのカラー・フィルタのセットに対応する複数の画素を含むステップと;
b)カラー光感度を増加するために前記第1の画素群の全ての画素を、それぞれが前記互いに異なるカラー光応答のそれぞれについて同一のカラー光応答を有する複数の画素を含む複数の単位にグループ化し、前記複数の単位のそれぞれにおける前記複数のカラー画素からの第1の信号を組み合わせて、前記単位の解像度に基づく第1の解像度を有する低解像度デジタルカラー画像を形成するステップと;
c)前記第2の画素群の前記個々のパンクロ画素からの第2の信号を用いて、前記イメージ・センサーの画素の解像度に基づく第2の解像度を有する高解像度パンクロ画像を提供するステップと、;
d)前記低解像度カラー画素と前記高解像度パンクロ画像とを組み合わせて、高解像度カラー画像を生成させるステップとを含む方法。 - ステップb)が、単位それぞれにおいて同一の分光光応答を有する複数の画素からの第1の信号を加算する操作を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- ステップd)が、
前記高解像度パンクロ画像からの画素値を加算して前記第1の解像度を有する低解像度パンクロ画像を生成させ;
前記低解像度パンクロ画像と前記低解像度カラー画像とを用いて色差画像を生成させ;
前記色差画像と前記高解像度パンクロ画像とを用いて高解像度カラー画像を生成させる操作を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。 - ステップd)が、前記高解像度パンクロ画像からの画素値を加算して、前記第1の解像度を有する低解像度パンクロ画像を生成させ;
前記低解像度パンクロ画像と前記低解像度カラー画像を用いて色差画像を生成させ;
前記色差画像と前記高解像度パンクロ画像とを用いて高解像度カラー画像を生成させる操作を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。 - 低照明条件下でカラー画像を形成する方法であって、
a)単一の画素パターン内部に第1の画素群と第2の画素群との双方を有する二次元画素アレイを含む固定イメージ・センサーで生成された信号によって表わされる画像を捕獲するステップであって、前記第1の画素群からの画素は前記第2の画素群からの画素よりも分光光応答が狭く、前記第1の画素群の個々の画素は、少なくとも2つの色のセットに対応する分光光応答を持ち、前記第1の画素群と前記第2の画素群の配置が、少なくとも12個の画素を含む最小繰り返し単位を持つあるパターンを規定していて、前記最小繰り返し単位は互いに重なっていない複数のセルを含んでおり、各セルは前記第2の画素群の中から選択した複数の画素と、前記第1の画素群の中から選択した、特定の1つの色に対応していて分光光応答が同じ少なくとも2つの画素とを有するステップと;
b)各セル内の画素に関する信号のうちで第1の画素群に属する似た色の画素に対応する信号を組み合わせて、前記最小繰り返し単位の解像度に基づく第1の解像度を有する低解像度カラー画像を形成するステップと;
c)前記第2の画素群の各画素に関する信号を用い、前記イメージ・センサーの画素の解像度に基づく第2の解像度を有する高解像度パンクロ画像を形成するステップと;
d)前記高解像度パンクロ画像と前記低解像度カラー画像とを組み合わせて、高解像度カラー画像を生成するステップと、
を含む方法。 - セル内部の全てのカラー画素は、同一の分光光応答を有する、請求項8に記載の方法。
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US11/191,538 US8274715B2 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2005-07-28 | Processing color and panchromatic pixels |
US11/191,538 | 2005-07-28 | ||
PCT/US2006/028493 WO2007015982A2 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2006-07-20 | Processing color and panchromatic pixels |
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JP2009504012A5 JP2009504012A5 (ja) | 2009-05-07 |
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US (2) | US8274715B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1908301B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4971323B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101233763B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007015982A2 (ja) |
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