JP4566559B2 - 誘電層の形成方法 - Google Patents
誘電層の形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4566559B2 JP4566559B2 JP2003533334A JP2003533334A JP4566559B2 JP 4566559 B2 JP4566559 B2 JP 4566559B2 JP 2003533334 A JP2003533334 A JP 2003533334A JP 2003533334 A JP2003533334 A JP 2003533334A JP 4566559 B2 JP4566559 B2 JP 4566559B2
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- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- dielectric
- deposition
- supply
- source gas
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 108
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 297
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 149
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H01L21/0228—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition deposition by cyclic CVD, e.g. ALD, ALE, pulsed CVD
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Description
本発明は、概して、集積回路における誘電薄膜、及び更に、特に、高kゲート誘電膜への窒素の取り込みに関する。
集積回路の設計は、絶えず、より迅速な回路操作及びより少ない電力消費を追求して、スケールダウンされている。回路設計においてスケーリングされた大きさ(scaled dimension)は、一般的に、それに伴う作製工程における変化を要求する。
本発明の1つの局面に従って、その厚みを通る窒素濃度の変化を制御しながら誘電層を形成するための方法が提供される。該方法は、約500℃より低い基板温度にて基板上へ誘電材料を堆積させることを包含する。誘電材料の堆積の間、基板への窒素の供給量を変化させる。
好ましい実施形態はトランジスタゲートスタックの関連で記載されているが、当業者は、本書に開示されている原理が、薄型高k材料が好ましくは傾斜組成(特に、特別なインターフェイスニーズ(needs)を有するもの)を含む様々な内容への適用を有することを容易に理解するであろう。このような内容の例としては、ランダムアクセスメモリー(RAM)アレイにおける高密度メモリーセルに対して提唱される、高k誘電体を含むキャパシタの形成におけるものである。本書に記載される方法は、特に、高k材料の安定性を維持すること及び高k材料への又は高k材料からの拡散を防ぐことにおいて有益である。
図1は、好ましい実施形態に従って構築され、そして本書で開示される方法が特に有用である、クォーツプロセスまたは反応チャンバー12を備える、気相堆積(vapor deposition)リアクター10を示す。もともと、一度に単一基板上のシリコンのエピタキシャル化学気相堆積(CVD)を最適化するように設計されたが、本発明者らは、優れたプロセッシングコントロールが、多くの異なるタイプの気相堆積において有用性を有することを見出した。例えば、本書の以下に記載されるALDプロセスは、好ましくは、入口フランジへの調整を行い、反応チャンバーを空にする前に異なる反応物パルスが混ざることを回避しながら、図1の示されるCVD反応器中で行われる。さらに、示されるリアクター10は、同チャンバー12中での多くの連続的な処理工程を安全かつクリーンに達成することができる。リアクター10の基本的なコンフィギュレーションは、ASM America, Inc. Phoenix, AZから、商標名EpsilonTMの下で市販されている。しかしながら、本書に記載されるプロセスは、多くの異なる反応器コンフィギュレーションに適用可能であり且つ有用性を有することが理解されるであろう。最も好ましくは、図1のEpsilonTMリアクターは、以下に記載されるプロセスに従って、誘電材料のプラズマで促進された又は補助されたCVDについて使用される。図1のチャンバーは、また、以下に記載されるプロセスに従う誘電材料のALDのためのALDモジュール(図2A〜2Cを参照のこと)とともに、クラスターツールにおける電極材料のCVDについて使用され得る。
図2Aは、本発明に従う特定の特徴及び利点を有するALD又はALEリアクター130の1つの実施形態を示す。示される実施形態は、反応ゾーンを画定する反応チャンバー132を含む。ウェハ又は基板136は、反応チャンバー132内に配置され、そしてペデスタル(pedestal)138(これは、好ましくは、チャンバー132を開け、反応チャンバー132の中及び外に基板136を移動させるよう配置される)によって支持される。改変されたアレンジメントにおいて、リアクター130は、ウェハ入口/出口ポート及びロボットアームをもつ外付けのロボットを備え得る。
図3については、半導体基板上でトランジスタゲートスタックを形成するための一般的なプロセスの順序を示す。先ず、基板がクリーニングされ70、次いで、ゲート誘電体が堆積される72。以下により詳細に記載される好ましい実施形態に従って、ゲート誘電体は、望ましくは、上部及び下部インターフェイスの両方で高い窒素含量を有し、且つその間のバルクで低い窒素含量を有する高k材料を含む。ゲート誘電体堆積72に続いて、ゲート電極が堆積され74、ゲートがパターニングされ、そしてエッチングされる76(例えば、慣例的なフォトリソグラフィープロセスによる)。いくつかのアレンジメントにおいて、基板は、パターニングの後で、集積回路を完成させるための連続的プロセッシング78の前に、ソース/ドレイン再酸化にかけられる。
背景技術のセクションにおいて記載したように、高k材料は、一般的に、約7より大きいk値の金属酸化物(酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、酸化ハフニウム(HfO2)、酸化タンタル(Ta2O5)、バリウムストロンチウムチタネート(BST)、ストロンチウムビスマスタンタレート(SBT)、及び酸化ランタニドを含む)を含む。最後に列挙する誘電体としては、スカンジウム (Sc)、イットリウム(Y)、ランタン(La)、セリウム(Ce)、プラセオジミウム(Pr)、ネオジム(Nd)、サマリウム(Sm)、ユーロピウム(Eu)、ガドリニウム(Gd)、テルビウム(Tb)、ジスプロシウム(Dy)、ホルミウム(Ho)、エルビウム(Er)、ツリウム(Tm)、イッテルビウム(Yb)及びルテチウム(Lu)のように物理的に安定した「希土類」元素の酸化物が挙げられる。好ましい実施形態の高k材料は、上記の材料のいずれかを含み得る。最も好ましくは、示される実施形態の誘電体層へ取り込まれる高k材料は、第4族金属の酸化物、特に酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)酸化ハフニウム(HfO2)を含み、そして約10より大きい比誘電率を有する。
高k材料は、上に記載されたように、任意の適切なプロセス(PVD、CVD、MOCVD、ALDなどを含む)によって堆積される。好ましい実施形態において。窒素の取り込みは、好ましくは、堆積の間制御される様式で達成される。
本発明の1つの局面に従って、高k材料は、化学気相堆積(CVD)の間の堆積プロセスを通じて、窒素含有率を変動させながら、堆積される。窒素は、図1について記載されるように、遠隔プラズマソース60を経由して供給される。層へ取り込まれる窒素の量は、それが堆積されるにつれて、遠隔ソースによって生成される窒素ラジカルの供給量を少なくとも部分的に変化させることによって、変えられる。
別の好ましい実施形態において、高k材料は、原子層堆積(ALD)プロセスによって堆積される。ALDは、化学的に自己制御式プロセスであり、それにより、反応前駆体の交互パルスが基板を飽和し(saturate)、そしてパルスごとに材料の1以下の単層を残す。1サイクル当たり少なくとも1つのパルスが、同パルスのガス相反応物とは無反応である表面終端に化学吸着種を残すので、前駆体は自己飽和反応(self−saturating reaction)を確実に行うよう選択される。このような末端は、ソース化学材料の「テール(tails)」又はリガンド(有機物テール又はハロゲン化物テールのような)によって残される。その後の異なる反応物のパルスは、先のパルスの化学吸着された層上へ残されたテールと反応し、続く堆積を可能にする。このように、交互パルスの各サイクルは、所望の材料の約1以下の分子層を残す。ALD型プロセスの原理は、T. Suntola, e.g. in the Handbook of Crystal Growth 3, Thin Films and Epitaxy, Part B: Growth Mechanisms and Dynamics, Chapter 14, Atomic Layer Epitaxy, pp. 601-663, Elsevier Science B.V. 1994に示され、この開示は、本書において参考として援用される。1つのアレンジメントにおいて、堆積は、ALDプロセスのためにデザインされるPulsarTM 2000 reactor (ASM Microchemistry of Espoo, Finlandより入手可能である)において行われる。別のアレンジメントにおいて、プラズマ電力の上部チャンバーへの使用を伴って又は伴わず、図2A−2CのALDツールが使用される。
(1)金属フェーズ(例えば、ZrCl4パルス+パージ)
(2)還元フェーズ(例えば、TEBパルス+パージパルス)
(3)オキシダントフェーズ(例えば、H2Oパルス+パージパルス)
(4)窒素フェーズ(例えば、NH3パルス+パージパルス)
Claims (11)
- 500℃より低い基板温度にて半導体基板上へ誘電材料を堆積させること;及び
誘電材料の堆積の間、基板への窒素の供給量を変化させること
を包含する、その厚みを通る窒素濃度の制御された変化を有する誘電層の形成方法であって:
ここで、窒素の供給量を変化させることは、2つの異なる窒素ピークを生成し、且つ、これら窒素ピーク同士の間のバルク材料中でより低い窒素濃度であり、
窒素の供給量を変化させることは、窒素供給の第一レベルから、窒素供給の第二レベルへ、次いで窒素供給の第三レベルへと窒素の供給量を変えることを包含し、
第二レベルの窒素の供給量が、第一レベルの窒素の供給量及び第三レベルの窒素の供給量の各々よりも低く、
第三レベルの窒素の供給量が第一レベルの窒素の供給量より高い誘電層の形成方法。 - 前記誘電材料が7よりも大きい比誘電率を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記誘電材料が10よりも大きい比誘電率を有する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 堆積の間、前記基板温度が400℃より下に保たれる、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 500℃より低い基板温度にて半導体基板上へ誘電材料を堆積させること;及び
誘電材料の堆積の間、半導体基板への窒素の供給量を変化させること
を包含する、その厚みを通る窒素濃度の制御された変化を有する誘電層の形成方法であって:
ここで、堆積させることは、複数の原子層堆積サイクルを包含し、各サイクルは:
金属ソースガスの金属パルスを供給すること;
過剰な金属ソースガス及び金属パルスからの副産物を取り除くこと;
酸素ソースガスのオキシダントパルスを供給すること;
過剰な酸素ソースガス及びオキシダントパルスからの副産物を除去すること;及び
オキシダントパルスの間、変化する量の窒素ソースガスを供給すること、
を包含する誘電層の形成方法。 - 前記窒素ソースガスが、遠隔プラズマ発生器を通して供給される窒素励起種を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 500℃より低い基板温度にて半導体基板上へ誘電材料を堆積させること;及び
誘電材料の堆積の間、半導体基板への窒素の供給量を変化させること
を包含する、その厚みを通る窒素濃度の制御された変化を有する誘電層の形成方法であって:
ここで、誘電材料を堆積させることは、
半導体基板へオキシダントソースを供給するのと同時に、金属ソースを供給すること;及び
遠隔プラズマ発生器を通して変化する量の窒素励起種を供給すること、
を包含する誘電層の形成方法。 - 前記金属ソースが有機金属ソースガスを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記変化する量の窒素励起種を供給することが、前記遠隔プラズマ発生器を通して窒素ソースガスのフローレートを変化させることを包含する、請求項7又は8に記載の方法。
- 前記変化する量の窒素励起種を供給することが、前記遠隔プラズマ発生器へ供給される電力の量を変化させることを包含する、請求項7又は8に記載の方法。
- 前記変化する量の窒素励起種を供給することが、窒素ソースガスのフローを一定に保ちながら、前記遠隔プラズマ発生器を通して供給されるキャリアガスの量を変化させることを包含する、請求項7又は8に記載の方法。
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2002
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- 2002-09-27 JP JP2003533334A patent/JP4566559B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP1449240B1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
US6960537B2 (en) | 2005-11-01 |
US7569284B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 |
DE60211940T2 (de) | 2007-05-03 |
US20030072975A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
EP1449240A1 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
JP2005505920A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
WO2003030243A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
US7405453B2 (en) | 2008-07-29 |
US20050212119A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
US20080286589A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
DE60211940D1 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
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