JP4468306B2 - 電極活物質スラリー製造時の分散剤組成及びその利用 - Google Patents
電極活物質スラリー製造時の分散剤組成及びその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4468306B2 JP4468306B2 JP2005518460A JP2005518460A JP4468306B2 JP 4468306 B2 JP4468306 B2 JP 4468306B2 JP 2005518460 A JP2005518460 A JP 2005518460A JP 2005518460 A JP2005518460 A JP 2005518460A JP 4468306 B2 JP4468306 B2 JP 4468306B2
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QMGYPNKICQJHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carboxymethylcellulose cellulose carboxymethyl ether Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O QMGYPNKICQJHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical class C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
a)リチウムイオンを吸藏、脱離可能な炭素系負極活物質
b)導電剤
c)スチレンーブタジエン系高分子樹脂を含む結着剤
d)セルロース系又はアクリルレート系樹脂を含む増粘剤
e)表面吸着可能な高分子主鎖と非イオン性界面活性剤の特性を有する側鎖を含む分散剤
f)水
を含むリチウム2次電池用負極活物質スラリー及び上記負極活物質スラリーで製造された負極を含むリチウム2次電池を提供する。
以下、この発明を詳細に説明する。
アルキル及びアルキルアリルポリオキシエチレンエーテル、アルキルアリルフォルムアルデヒド縮合ポリオキシエチレンエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンを親油性基とするブロックポリマー
〈エステルエーテル型〉
グリセリンエステルのポリオキシエチレンエーテル、ソルビタンエステルのポリオキシエチレンエーテル、ソルビトールエステルのポリオキシエチレンエーテル
〈エステル型〉
ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、グリセリンエステル、ソルビタンエステル、プロピレングリコールエステル、シュガーエステル
〈アミド型〉
脂肪酸アルカノールアミド、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン、アミンオキサイド
その他、非イオン性界面活性剤の特性を有する側鎖で使用可能な物質としてはアルコールエトキシレート、ポリエチレンオキサイド(PEO系)、アルキルフェノールエトキシレート、脂肪アミンエトキシレート、アミンオキサイド、グルコサイド、エチレンオキサイドープロピレンオキサイド重合体、アルカノールアミドなどがある[R. Grant & C. Grant,Chemical Dictionary,McGraw Hill Book Company,1987 参照]
上記高分子主鎖に上記側鎖を連結する方法の一例で通常的なグラフト重合法を使用することができる。
(ここで、MはNi,Co又はMnであり、xは0.05≦x≦1.10である。)
正極活物質スラリーは正極活物質間に決着力を提供するバインダーとしてPVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)、NBR(アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴム)、SBR(スチレンブタジエンゴム)などを使用することができ、導電性を向上させる目的でアセチレンブラック、黒鉛のような導電剤を使用することができ、NMP、アセトン、DMA、DMFのような有機及び水のような無機溶媒を使用することができる。
まず、電極活物質スラリー溶液の増粘剤で使用されるCMC粉末(0.26g;約1重量%)を50℃ 12.5gの蒸留水に溶解させ、CMC溶液を用意した。次に、電極活物質で使用される黒鉛粉末25g(約97重量%)をすり鉢に入れ、予め溶解させておいたCMC溶液を少しずつすり鉢に注ぎ、乳棒を用いて約10分間攪拌した。攪拌後、結着剤で使用されるSBR溶液0.51g(約1.9重量%)を再度すり鉢に入れて、更に5分間攪拌した。終わりに、分散剤で使用されるPEO−PMMA共重合体高分子(ユニケマ製、Hypermer)0.026g(約0.1重量%)を入れて攪拌しながら、蒸留水43.5gをさらに少しずつ入れながら攪拌したあと、電極活物質スラリーの固形分を43重量%に合わせた。
用意しておいた電極活物質スラリーをThermo Hakke RSI粘度計を用いて30℃でせん断速度0.1乃至1000(1/s)範囲で粘度変化を測定し、図3で示した。
分散剤を入れていないこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電極スラリーを製造した。30℃で同じせん断速度範囲で粘度を測定し、図4に示した。
実施例1の粘度グラフ(図3)の場合、せん断速度を増加させることにより、殆ど同一な傾きで粘度が減少する形態をとっており、また、せん断速度を増加させる時にも、せん断速度を減少させる時と殆ど同一な粘度プロフィールを示し、電極スラリーの同じせん断速度における粘度変化がないことを示す。
しかし、分散剤を入れていない比較例1の負極活物質スラリーの場合(図4)、せん断速度の増加にともない粘度はせん断速度10(1/s)で最高点をしめしてから、却って更に減少する形態を示し、せん断速度を減少させる場合には、せん断速度を増加させる時と異なる粘度プロフィールを示す履歴現象(hysteresis)を表わし、電極スラリーの分散状態がよくないことが分かる。また、上記比較例1のスラリーを用いて負極ホイルにコーティングする場合、分散不良による塊の丸め現象及びコーティングスラリーの沈降現象によりコーティングが不可能になる程度でスラリーの物性が劣等であった。
増粘剤で使用されるCMCを1重量%から3重量%に、2重量%増加させ、分散剤で使用されるPEO−PMMA共重合体高分子を添加しないこと以外は、実施例1と同様な方法で製造し、粘度を測定し、図5に示した。
分散添加剤を使用せずにCMC添加量を1重量%から3重量%に増やした結果、実施例1と類似した粘度プロフィルを示すことから、分散状態が良好であることがわかる。
上記実施例1、比較例2の各方法で製造された負極スラリーを銅ホイルに塗布し、コーティングして負極を製造した。正極活物質としてLiCoO2を、分離膜としてPE/PP/PEを、電解液としてLiPF6が溶解されたEC/PC/DECを使用して缶状のリチウム2次電池を製造した。充電放電速度別容量実験を行った。結果を図6に示した。
図6に示されているとおり、上記比較例2により製造された負極スラリーの場合、実施例1に比して増粘剤で使用されるCMCの負極構成成分の重量比が増加(結果として、負極活物質の重量比が減少)し、リチウム2次電池の理論容量が減少されることがわかる。
Claims (7)
- a)リチウムイオンを吸藏、脱離可能な炭素系負極活物質
b)導電剤
c)スチレンーブタジエン系高分子樹脂を含む結着剤
d)セルロース系又はアクリレート系樹脂を含む増粘剤
e)前記炭素の表面に吸着可能な高分子主鎖と非イオン性界面活性剤の特性を有する側鎖とが結合した分散剤
f)水
を含むリチウム2次電池用負極活物質スラリー。 - 上記分散剤の含量は、負極活物質スラリー(固形分)の総重量に対して0.01重量%乃至10重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極活物質スラリー。
- 上記分散剤の中、高分子主鎖は、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)又はポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極活物質スラリー。
- 上記分散剤の中、非イオン性界面活性剤の特性を有する側鎖は、アルキル及びアルキルアリルポリオキシエチレンエーテル、アルキルアリルフォルムアルデヒド縮合ポリオキシエチレンエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンを親油性基とするブロックポリマー、グリセリンエステルのポリオキシエチレンエーテル、ソルビタンエステルのポリオキシエチレンエーテル、ソルビトールエステルのポリオキシエチレンエーテル、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、グリセリンエステル、ソルビタンエステル、プロピレングリコールエステル、シュガーエステル、脂肪酸アルカノールアミド、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン、アミンオキサイド、アルコールエトキシレート、ポリエチレンオキサイド(PED系)、アルキルフェノールエトキシレート、脂肪アミンエトキシレート、グルコサイド、エチレンオキサイドープロピレンオキサイド重合体、アルカノールアミドからなる群から少なくとも1種以上選ばれたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極活物質スラリー。
- 上記分散剤はポリメチルメタクリレートとポリエチレンオキサイドの共重合体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極活物質スラリー。
- 分散剤の重量平均分子量は10,000乃至30,000であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極活物質スラリー。
- 請求項1から6の何れかに記載の負極活物質スラリーで製造された負極を含むリチウム2次電池。
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WO2004012284A1 (ja) * | 2002-07-25 | 2004-02-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | 非水電解質二次電池 |
CN100382362C (zh) * | 2003-03-26 | 2008-04-16 | 佳能株式会社 | 用于锂二次电池的电极材料和具有该电极材料的电极结构 |
EP1463131A1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-09-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrode material for lithium secondary battery, electrode structure comprising the electrode material and secondary battery comprising the electrode structure |
JP4366101B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-31 | 2009-11-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
JP2005197073A (ja) | 2004-01-07 | 2005-07-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用正極 |
-
2003
- 2003-04-07 KR KR10-2003-0021680A patent/KR100508570B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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2004
- 2004-04-02 EP EP04725552.6A patent/EP1611628B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-02 JP JP2005518460A patent/JP4468306B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-02 CN CNB2004800086581A patent/CN100409470C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-02 WO PCT/KR2004/000765 patent/WO2004091017A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-04-02 US US10/551,946 patent/US7862929B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20040087656A (ko) | 2004-10-15 |
CN1768439A (zh) | 2006-05-03 |
EP1611628A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
EP1611628A4 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
JP2006516795A (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
KR100508570B1 (ko) | 2005-08-17 |
EP1611628B1 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
US7862929B2 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
US20060257738A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
WO2004091017A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
CN100409470C (zh) | 2008-08-06 |
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