JP2019116096A - 液体含浸表面、作製方法、およびそれらを組み込んだデバイス - Google Patents
液体含浸表面、作製方法、およびそれらを組み込んだデバイス Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/006—Preventing deposits of ice
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
- B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
- B08B17/06—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement
- B08B17/065—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement the surface having a microscopic surface pattern to achieve the same effect as a lotus flower
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/02—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by ducted hot gas or liquid
- B64D15/06—Liquid application
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1681—Antifouling coatings characterised by surface structure, e.g. for roughness effect giving superhydrophobic coatings or Lotus effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Mirrors, Picture Frames, Photograph Stands, And Related Fastening Devices (AREA)
- Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
- Eyeglasses (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、2011年8月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/515,395号への優先権およびその利益を主張し、それらの全てを参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、概して、非湿潤性および低付着表面に関する。より具体的には、ある特定の実施形態において、本発明は、液体突き刺し(impalement)、氷形成、スケール形成、水和物形成に抵抗する、および/または汚染防止特性を有する非湿潤性表面に関する。
この10年におけるマイクロ/ナノ処理表面の出現は、熱流体科学の多種多様の物理現象を強化するための新たな技術を開発してきた。例えば、マイクロ/ナノ表面テクスチャの使用は、より小さい粘性抵抗、氷および他の物質への減少した付着、自浄化、ならびに撥水性を得ることが可能な非湿潤性表面を提供してきた。これらの改善は、概して、固体表面と隣接する液体との間の低下した接触(すなわち、より低い湿潤性)から得られる。
本発明は、例えば、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
液体含浸表面を含む物品であって、前記表面が、液体を間または内部に安定に含有するのに十分に接近して離間された、特徴のマトリックスを含む、物品。
(項目2)
前記液体が、室温で、約1000cP以下の粘度を有する、項目1に記載の物品。
(項目3)
前記液体が、室温で、約20mmHg以下の蒸気圧を有する、項目1または2に記載の物品。
(項目4)
前記液体が、室温で、約100cP以下の粘度を有する、項目2に記載の物品。
(項目5)
前記液体が、室温で、約50cP以下の粘度を有する、項目2に記載の物品。
(項目6)
前記特徴が、実質的に均一の高さを有し、前記液体が、前記特徴の間の空間を埋め、前記特徴を、前記特徴の頂部にわたって少なくとも厚さ約5nmの層でコーティングする、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目7)
前記特徴が、細孔または他のウェルを画定し、前記液体が、前記特徴を埋める、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目8)
前記液体は、前記液体が前記特徴の頂部上に安定な薄膜を形成するように、0°の後退接触角を有する、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目9)
前記マトリックスが、約1マイクロメートル〜約100マイクロメートルの特徴から特徴までの間隔を有する、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目10)
前記マトリックスが、約5ナノメートル〜約1マイクロメートルの特徴から特徴までの間隔を有する、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目11)
前記マトリックスが、階層構造を含む、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目12)
前記階層構造が、上にナノ規模の特徴を含む、マイクロ規模の特徴である、項目11に記載の物品。
(項目13)
前記特徴が、約100マイクロメートル以下の高さを有する、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目14)
前記特徴が、支柱である、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目15)
前記特徴が、球形粒子、ナノニードル、ナノガラス、および表面粗さを提供するランダム形状の特徴から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの要素を含む、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目16)
前記特徴が、細孔、空洞、相互接続した細孔、および相互接続した空洞から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの要素を含む、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目17)
前記表面が、異なる大きさを有する複数の細孔をもつ多孔質媒体を含む、項目16に記載の物品。
(項目18)
前記液体が、シリコーン油、液体ペルフルオロカーボン、ペルフルオロフッ素系真空油(Krytox1506またはFromblin06/6等)、フッ素系冷却剤(例えば、3M社製のFC−70として販売されるペルフルオロトリペンチルアミン)、イオン液体、水と混合しないフッ素系イオン液体、PDMSを含むシリコーン油、フッ素系シリコーン油、液体金属、電気粘性流体、磁気粘性流体、強磁性流体、誘電液体、炭化水素液体、フルオロカーボン液体、冷媒、真空油、相変化物質、半流動体、グリース、滑液、体液から成る群から選択される要素を含む、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目19)
前記物品が、蒸気タービン部品、ガスタービン部品、航空機部品、および風力タービン部品から成る群から選択される要素であり、前記液体含浸表面が、衝突液体を弾くように構成される、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目20)
前記物品が、眼鏡および鏡から成る群から選択される要素であり、前記液体含浸表面が、それらの上を曇らせることを阻止するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目21)
前記物品が、航空機部品、風力タービン、送電線、およびフロントガラスから成る群から選択される要素であり、前記液体含浸表面が、それらの上で氷の形成を阻止するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目22)
前記物品が、パイプライン(またはそれらの部品もしくはコーティング)であり、前記液体含浸表面が、その上での水和物の形成を阻止する、および/またはその上を流れる流体の滑り(抵抗の減少)を向上するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目23)
前記物品が、熱交換器部品、または油もしくはガスパイプライン(またはそれらの部品もしくはコーティング)であり、前記液体含浸表面が、それらの上で塩の形成および/または付着を阻止するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目24)
前記液体含浸表面が、腐食を阻止するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目25)
前記物品が、人工関節であり、前記液体含浸表面が、前記関節の接合面の間の摩擦を減少させる、および/または長期的な潤滑を提供するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目26)
前記物品が、エンジン部品(例えば、ピストンまたはシリンダー)であり、前記液体含浸表面が、前記部品の長期的な潤滑を提供するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目27)
前記液体含浸表面が、前記表面から経時的に液体を放出するように構成され、それによって、経時的に潤滑を提供する、項目25または26に記載の物品。
(項目28)
前記液体含浸表面が、その上でデブリの吸着に抵抗するように構成される汚染防止表面である、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目29)
前記物品が、熱交換器部品であり、前記液体含浸表面が、その上での凝縮物の脱落を促進するように構成され、それによって、凝縮熱伝達を向上する、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
特許請求される本発明の組成物、混合物、システム、デバイス、方法、および過程は、本明細書で説明される実施形態からの情報を使用して開発される変形および適合を包含するということが意図される。本明細書で説明される組成物、混合物、システム、デバイス、方法、および過程の適合および/または変更は、関連技術分野における当業者によって実施されてもよい。
は、3つの相、すなわち固相、液相、および気相が交わる接触線の正接と水平線との間で測定されるように、固体表面上の液滴によって形成される角度として定義される。「接触角」という用語は、液体はいかなる運動もなく単に固体上で静止しているため、通常、静的接触角
を意味する。
、は、固体表面上で運動する液体によって作られる接触角である。液滴衝突の文脈において、
は、前進運動または後退運動のいずれかの間に存在し得る。
(式中、
および
は、それぞれ、固体表面の液体によって形成される前進接触角および後退接触角である)である。前進接触角
は、接触線がまさに前進しようとする瞬間に形成される接触角であり、一方、後退接触角
は、接触線がまさに後退しようとするときに、形成される接触角である。
ならびに
のように表される。
パラメータmは、
(式中、
、
、および
は、それぞれ基材の蒸気、基材の氷、および氷蒸気界面に対する界面エネルギーである)によって得られる界面エネルギーの比率である。臨界半径rcに関する自由エネルギーの定義において、基材および氷は、等方性であると想定され、ならびに核形成粒子は球状であると想定される。次いで、臨界半径rcは、ケルビン方程式:
によって定義され得る。
(式中、
は、液滴上の重力であり、
は、粘性力であり、および
は、ピン止め力である)によって得られる。この方程式において、Vは、液滴の体積であり、ρは、非接液液体の密度であり、
は、表面固体分率(非接液相と直接接触する基材の領域分率)であり、μは、含浸液体の動的粘性係数であり、voは、液滴滑り速度(特徴的な落下速度)であり、hは、含浸液体の剪断が生じる面の特徴的な長さスケール(例えば、表面支柱の高さまたは他の表面テクスチャ高さ)であり、αは、基材が水平線に対して作る角度であり、gは、重力加速度であり、rは、非接液液滴の接触半径であり、θaおよびθrは、非接液液滴の前進および後退接触角であり、ならびにγwは、蒸気と平衡にある非接液液体の表面エネルギーである。
は、
によって得られる。
図3は、本発明のある特定の実施形態に従う、マイクロテクスチャ付与表面302の写真を含む。表面302は、シリコンで作られており、25μm離れて離間された10μmの柱の正方形配列を含む。描画されるように、表面302の下部304はヘキサデカン(含浸液体)に含浸され、一方、上部306は空気に含浸された(すなわち、含浸液体がない)。ヘキサデカンのエッジ308は、頂部306と下部304との間の境界線を画定する。ヘキサデカンでの含浸は、(i)表面302の下部304をヘキサデカンの溶液槽に浸漬すること、および(ii)浸漬コーディング装置を用いて下部304をヘキサデカンから緩やかな速度(10mm/分)で引き抜くことにより達成された。含浸は、約5m/秒の衝突速度を有する水噴射が噴霧されている間、ヘキサデカンが適所に残るほど、強固であった。7μLの水滴の接触角度ヒステリシスおよびロールオフ角度を、表面302の下部304上(すなわち、表面302の液体含浸部分)で測定した。接触角度ヒステリシス(CAH)およびロールオフ角度は、両方とも極めて小さかった。CAHは、1°未満であり、一方、ロールオフ角度は、わずか1.7±0.1°であった。
均等物
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- 装置またはシステムまたは方法。
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