CN100344341C - 一种超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网 - Google Patents
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Abstract
超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网，油水分离网的网孔为380-1500目的织物网，网丝上覆盖了一薄层聚全氟烷基硅氧烷膜，膜厚度为20～50nm，织物网可以是不锈钢、铜等金属纤维织物，也可以是涤纶、尼龙等纤维织物，它的制造方法为：1.将380-1500目的织物网脱脂、酸洗、水洗后晾干；2.以重量百分计，将全氟烷基硅氧烷的用量为0.1-5%、水的用量为1-10%、1N的盐酸的用量为0.1-2%、其余为乙醇用量的溶液混合，搅拌30-120分钟，形成全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶；3.将织物网浸入凝胶溶胶中3-30秒后，取出自然晾干，重复2-8次；4.将浸涂均匀后的织物网在80-250℃下热固化10-120分钟，得到表面覆盖聚全氟烷基硅氧烷膜，膜厚度为20-50nm的油水分离网。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种超亲油/超疏水性油水分离网及其制法。属于功能材料技术领域。
二、背景技术
油品中的水份和杂质，是影响油品质量的关键因素，寻求既经济实用，又可以连续不断的清除油品中的水是分离过程的一个重要课题。
例如，申请号：0110215，授权公开号：CN1126583的中国发明专利申请，公开了一种利用金属网进行通油挡水的技术方案。其采用先在金属网上涂上胶脂，随即用高压风吹开网眼，再将聚全氟乙丙烯粉末喷涂在网上加热、固化后冷却。具有一定的分离效果。
但上述技术存在如下缺陷：
(1)由于需要借助胶脂对金属网进行喷涂，受胶脂易成膜堵孔的影响，必须立即吹孔，既不能保证喷胶后网格孔径的均匀，又不能制作200目以上的微孔油水分离网。
(2)所用的固结温度高达280～320℃，限制了网材的选择范围。
(3)所喷涂层厚度为5～10μm，喷涂过程无法精确控制，不能保证喷涂后网格孔径的均匀。
三、发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种网格可达1500目，表面覆盖了一薄层聚全氟烷基硅氧烷，覆盖厚度为5～50nm的超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网及其制备方法。
本发明是采用凝胶溶胶浸涂法，将全氟烷基硅氧烷、乙醇或甲醇、水、盐酸混合搅拌形成全氟烷基硅凝胶溶液，根据所需在380～1500目的织物网上，依次用浸没、干燥处理后、在80～250℃下热固化10～120分钟，即可得到表面覆盖了一薄层聚全氟烷基硅氧烷膜厚度为20～50nm的超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网。超疏水是指与水接触角大于150°，超亲油是指与油接触角小于5°现象。
本发明包括超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网的制备方法，以重量百分计，该方法的步骤包括：
(1)将380～1500目的织物网，用有机溶剂脱脂，常温下晾干，再经酸洗、水洗后烘干；
(2)室温下，将0.1～5％全氟烷基硅氧烷，优选0.5-2％，1～10％的水，0.1～2％的1N盐酸，其余为乙醇用量的溶液混合，搅拌30～120分钟，让全氟烷基硅氧烷完全水解，形成全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶。
(3)将织物网浸入全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶中3～30秒后，取出自然晾干。
(4)如此重复步骤(3)2～8次，确保织物网表面完全覆盖，所得到的膜厚度为20～50nm。
(5)将上述浸涂过的织物网在80-250℃下热固化10～120分钟，得到表面覆盖了一薄层聚全氟烷基硅氧烷膜，膜厚度为20～50nm具有超疏水/超亲油性能的油水分离网。
所述织物网可以是不锈钢、铜、铁、钛、铝金属纤维织物，也可以是涤纶、尼龙、维纶、腈纶、芳纶纤维织物。
上述的全氟烷基硅氧烷的化学通式为CF3(CF2)nCH2CH2OSi(OCmH2m+1)2，n取值范围4～20，优选6～10，m取值范围1～4，优选1～2。
上述有机溶剂是丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲苯、二甲苯等有机溶剂，工业级纯度即可。
上述酸是盐酸、硫酸、乙酸、重铬酸等。
上述烘干、固化温度为80～250℃。
上述固化时间为10～120分钟。
本发明介绍的是一种简便的、通过凝胶溶胶浸涂法在织物网表面形成超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网的方法。它是通过化学反应的手段将具有低表面能的全氟烷基硅氧烷交联于经过脱脂、酸处理的织物表面，再进行热固化处理而成的。通过原子力显微镜，可发现在织物网的纤维单丝表面形成了20～50nm的球形突起，该突起与网孔间的空气垫共同增强了织物网表面疏水和亲油性能，使织物网呈现超疏水性/超亲油性的功能(油在网体表面的接触角≈0；水在网体表面的接触角＞150°)，增强了油水分离效果。
本发明的超疏水/超亲油性的油水分离网，具有疏水效果好、亲油速度快的特性，可用于油水分离，净化油液中的水分，提取水中的有机质，在工矿、石化、冶金、机械、制造、环保等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
本发明的制备方法简单，涂膜均匀，无污染，无脱落，无阻塞，耐酸碱性强，使用寿命较长。
四、具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述：
实施例1：
(1)将400目的涤纶网用丙酮脱脂，用蒸馏水冲洗干净后晾干。
(2)将已脱脂的网浸泡于5％的盐酸液中30分钟，取出后用蒸馏水冲洗干净后，置于90℃的烘箱中烘干。
(3)将1.5g全氟烷基硅氧烷、87g无水乙醇、10g水和1.5g0.1mol/L的盐酸混合，在室温条件下搅拌反应1小时获得全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶。
(4)在室温下，将涤纶网在配制好的全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶中先后浸泡、晾干，重复四次，置于120℃烘箱中60分钟。即可获得一种具有超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网。膜厚度20-50nm。
实施例2：
(1)将1000目不锈钢网用丙酮脱脂，用蒸馏水冲洗干净后晾干。
(2)室温下，将饱和重铬酸钠与浓硫酸按重量比为3~3.5∶100所混合，配制成酸液。
(3)将已脱脂的网浸泡于65℃下的酸液中30分钟，用蒸馏水冲洗干净后，置于80℃的烘箱中烘干。
(4)将0.5g全氟烷基硅氧烷、88g无水乙醇、10g水和1.5g0.1mol/L的盐酸混合，在室温条件下搅拌反应0.5小时获得全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶。
(5)在室温下，在配制好的全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶中先浸泡5秒种，取出晾干，反复四次，置于150℃下烘箱中30分钟。即可获得一种具有超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网，膜厚度20-50nm。该网用于柴油与水混合液的分离，分离后的油中含水量低于250PPM。
(6)该网与水接触角为153°，与柴油接触角为0°。
实施例3：
(1)将500目的尼龙网用乙酸乙酯脱脂，用蒸馏水冲洗干净后晾干。
(2)室温下，将已脱脂的尼龙网浸泡于5％的硫酸液中30分钟，用蒸馏水冲洗干净后，置于100℃下烘干。
(3)将0.1g全氟烷基硅氧烷、88.4g无水乙醇、10g水和1.5g0.1mol/L的盐酸混合，搅拌反应2小时后，可获得全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶。
(4)在室温下，将尼龙网在配制好的全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶中浸泡、晾干二次，置于80℃下烘箱中60分钟。即可获得一种具有超疏水超亲油的油水分离网。分离网表面覆盖形成的聚全氟烷基硅氧烷膜厚度为20-50nm。
Claims (3)
1.一种超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网，其特征在于油水分离网为380～1500目的织物网，织物网的网丝表面上覆盖一薄层聚全氟烷基硅氧烷膜，膜厚度为20～50nm，聚全氟烷基硅氧烷化学通式为CF3(CF2)nCH2CH2OSi(OCmH2m+1)2，n取值范围4～20，m取值范围1～4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网，其特征在于织物网可以是不锈钢、铜、铁、钛、铝金属纤维织物，可以是涤纶、尼龙、维纶、腈纶、芳纶纤维织物。
3.一种超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网的制造方法，其特征在于以重量百分计，它由以下几个步骤组成，聚全氟烷基硅氧烷化学通式为CF3(CF2)nCH2CH2OSi(OCmH2m+1)2，n取值范围4～20，m取值范围1～4：
(1)将380～1500目的织物网脱脂、酸洗、水洗后晾干；
(2)室温下，将全氟烷基硅氧烷的用量为0.1～5％，水的用量为1～10％，1N盐酸的用量为0.1～2％，其余为乙醇用量的溶液混合，搅拌30～120分钟，让全氟烷基硅氧烷完全水解，形成全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶；
(3)将织物网浸入全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶中3～30秒后，取出自然晾干；
(4)重复步骤(3)2-8次，膜厚度为20～50nm；
(5)将均匀浸涂全氟烷基硅氧烷凝胶溶胶的织物网在80～250℃下热固化，固化时间10～120分钟，即可得到表面覆盖一薄层聚全氟烷基硅氧烷膜，膜厚度为20-50nm，具有超疏水/超亲油的油水分离网。
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