JP2017094738A - 液体含浸表面、作製方法、およびそれらを組み込んだデバイス - Google Patents
液体含浸表面、作製方法、およびそれらを組み込んだデバイス Download PDFInfo
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- B08B17/065—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement the surface having a microscopic surface pattern to achieve the same effect as a lotus flower
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- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/02—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by ducted hot gas or liquid
- B64D15/06—Liquid application
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2011年8月5日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/515,395号への優先権およびその利益を主張し、それらの全てを参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、概して、非湿潤性および低付着表面に関する。より具体的には、ある特定の実施形態において、本発明は、液体突き刺し(impalement)、氷形成、スケール形成、水和物形成に抵抗する、および/または汚染防止特性を有する非湿潤性表面に関する。
この10年におけるマイクロ/ナノ処理表面の出現は、熱流体科学の多種多様の物理現象を強化するための新たな技術を開発してきた。例えば、マイクロ/ナノ表面テクスチャの使用は、より小さい粘性抵抗、氷および他の物質への減少した付着、自浄化、ならびに撥水性を得ることが可能な非湿潤性表面を提供してきた。これらの改善は、概して、固体表面と隣接する液体との間の低下した接触(すなわち、より低い湿潤性)から得られる。
一つの実施形態において、本発明は、例えば、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
液体含浸表面を含む物品であって、前記表面が、液体を間または内部に安定に含有するのに十分に接近して離間された、特徴のマトリックスを含む、物品。
(項目2)
前記液体が、室温で、約1000cP以下の粘度を有する、項目1に記載の物品。
(項目3)
前記液体が、室温で、約20mmHg以下の蒸気圧を有する、項目1または2に記載の物品。
(項目4)
前記液体が、室温で、約100cP以下の粘度を有する、項目2に記載の物品。
(項目5)
前記液体が、室温で、約50cP以下の粘度を有する、項目2に記載の物品。
(項目6)
前記特徴が、実質的に均一の高さを有し、前記液体が、前記特徴の間の空間を埋め、前記特徴を、前記特徴の頂部にわたって少なくとも厚さ約5nmの層でコーティングする、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目7)
前記特徴が、細孔または他のウェルを画定し、前記液体が、前記特徴を埋める、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目8)
前記液体は、前記液体が前記特徴の頂部上に安定な薄膜を形成するように、0°の後退接触角を有する、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目9)
前記マトリックスが、約1マイクロメートル〜約100マイクロメートルの特徴から特徴までの間隔を有する、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目10)
前記マトリックスが、約5ナノメートル〜約1マイクロメートルの特徴から特徴までの間隔を有する、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目11)
前記マトリックスが、階層構造を含む、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目12)
前記階層構造が、上にナノ規模の特徴を含む、マイクロ規模の特徴である、項目11に記載の物品。
(項目13)
前記特徴が、約100マイクロメートル以下の高さを有する、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目14)
前記特徴が、支柱である、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目15)
前記特徴が、球形粒子、ナノニードル、ナノガラス、および表面粗さを提供するランダム形状の特徴から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの要素を含む、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目16)
前記特徴が、細孔、空洞、相互接続した細孔、および相互接続した空洞から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの要素を含む、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目17)
前記表面が、異なる大きさを有する複数の細孔をもつ多孔質媒体を含む、項目16に記載の物品。
(項目18)
前記液体が、シリコーン油、液体ペルフルオロカーボン、ペルフルオロフッ素系真空油(Krytox1506またはFromblin06/6等)、フッ素系冷却剤(例えば、3M社製のFC−70として販売されるペルフルオロトリペンチルアミン)、イオン液体、水と混合しないフッ素系イオン液体、PDMSを含むシリコーン油、フッ素系シリコーン油、液体金属、電気粘性流体、磁気粘性流体、強磁性流体、誘電液体、炭化水素液体、フルオロカーボン液体、冷媒、真空油、相変化物質、半流動体、グリース、滑液、体液から成る群から選択される要素を含む、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目19)
前記物品が、蒸気タービン部品、ガスタービン部品、航空機部品、および風力タービン部品から成る群から選択される要素であり、前記液体含浸表面が、衝突液体を弾くように構成される、前述の項目のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目20)
前記物品が、眼鏡および鏡から成る群から選択される要素であり、前記液体含浸表面が、それらの上を曇らせることを阻止するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目21)
前記物品が、航空機部品、風力タービン、送電線、およびフロントガラスから成る群から選択される要素であり、前記液体含浸表面が、それらの上で氷の形成を阻止するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目22)
前記物品が、パイプライン(またはそれらの部品もしくはコーティング)であり、前記液体含浸表面が、その上での水和物の形成を阻止する、および/またはその上を流れる流体の滑り(抵抗の減少)を向上するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目23)
前記物品が、熱交換器部品、または油もしくはガスパイプライン(またはそれらの部品もしくはコーティング)であり、前記液体含浸表面が、それらの上で塩の形成および/または付着を阻止するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目24)
前記液体含浸表面が、腐食を阻止するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目25)
前記物品が、人工関節であり、前記液体含浸表面が、前記関節の接合面の間の摩擦を減少させる、および/または長期的な潤滑を提供するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目26)
前記物品が、エンジン部品(例えば、ピストンまたはシリンダー)であり、前記液体含浸表面が、前記部品の長期的な潤滑を提供するように構成される、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目27)
前記液体含浸表面が、前記表面から経時的に液体を放出するように構成され、それによって、経時的に潤滑を提供する、項目25または26に記載の物品。
(項目28)
前記液体含浸表面が、その上でデブリの吸着に抵抗するように構成される汚染防止表面である、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
(項目29)
前記物品が、熱交換器部品であり、前記液体含浸表面が、その上での凝縮物の脱落を促進するように構成され、それによって、凝縮熱伝達を向上する、項目1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
特許請求される本発明の組成物、混合物、システム、デバイス、方法、および過程は、本明細書で説明される実施形態からの情報を使用して開発される変形および適合を包含するということが意図される。本明細書で説明される組成物、混合物、システム、デバイス、方法、および過程の適合および/または変更は、関連技術分野における当業者によって実施されてもよい。
パラメータmは、
図3は、本発明のある特定の実施形態に従う、マイクロテクスチャ付与表面302の写真を含む。表面302は、シリコンで作られており、25μm離れて離間された10μmの柱の正方形配列を含む。描画されるように、表面302の下部304はヘキサデカン(含浸液体)に含浸され、一方、上部306は空気に含浸された(すなわち、含浸液体がない)。ヘキサデカンのエッジ308は、頂部306と下部304との間の境界線を画定する。ヘキサデカンでの含浸は、(i)表面302の下部304をヘキサデカンの溶液槽に浸漬すること、および(ii)浸漬コーディング装置を用いて下部304をヘキサデカンから緩やかな速度(10mm/分)で引き抜くことにより達成された。含浸は、約5m/秒の衝突速度を有する水噴射が噴霧されている間、ヘキサデカンが適所に残るほど、強固であった。7μLの水滴の接触角度ヒステリシスおよびロールオフ角度を、表面302の下部304上(すなわち、表面302の液体含浸部分)で測定した。接触角度ヒステリシス(CAH)およびロールオフ角度は、両方とも極めて小さかった。CAHは、1°未満であり、一方、ロールオフ角度は、わずか1.7±0.1°であった。
均等物
Claims (19)
- 液体含浸表面を含む物品であって、前記表面は、含浸液体を間に安定に含有するように離間された、100ミクロン未満の長さスケールを有する複数の固体特徴を含み、前記表面は、前記複数の固体特徴の間で前記含浸液体を安定に含有し、
前記含浸液体は、前記複数の固体特徴の間の空間を埋め、前記含浸液体は、前記複数の固体特徴の間で定位置に保持されており、
前記複数の固体特徴は、支柱、球形粒子、ナノニードル、ナノガラス、表面粗さを提供するランダム形状の特徴から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの要素を含む、物品。 - 前記液体は、室温で測定される場合に、1000cP以下の粘度を有する、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記液体は、室温で測定される場合に、2666.45Pa以下の蒸気圧を有する、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記複数の固体特徴のうち互いに隣接する各2つの固体特徴は、5ナノメートル〜1マイクロメートル離れて離間されている、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
- 前記複数の固体特徴は、100マイクロメートル以下の高さを有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
- 前記液体は、シリコーン油、液体ペルフルオロカーボン、ペルフルオロフッ素系真空油、フッ素系冷却剤、イオン液体、水と混合しないフッ素系イオン液体、PDMSを含むシリコーン油、フッ素系シリコーン油、液体金属、電気粘性流体、磁気粘性流体、強磁性流体、誘電液体、炭化水素液体、フルオロカーボン液体、冷媒、真空油、相変化物質、半流動体、グリース、滑液、体液から成る群から選択される要素を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
- (a)前記物品が、蒸気タービン部品、ガスタービン部品、航空機部品、風力タービン部品から成る群から選択される要素であり、前記液体含浸表面が、衝突液体を弾くように構成されていること、または、
(b)前記物品が、眼鏡、窓、鏡から成る群から選択される要素であり、前記液体含浸表面が、それらの上を曇らせることを阻止するように構成されていること、または、
(c)前記物品が、航空機部品、風力タービン、送電線、フロントガラスから成る群から選択される要素であり、前記液体含浸表面が、それらの上で氷の形成を阻止するように構成されていること
のうちのいずれか1つを満たす、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の物品。 - 前記物品は、パイプライン、または、前記パイプラインの部品もしくはコーティングである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
- 前記液体含浸表面は、前記物品上での水和物の形成を阻止するか、または、前記物品上を流れる流体の滑りを向上させるように構成されている、請求項8に記載の物品。
- 前記物品は、熱交換器部品、または、油もしくはガスパイプライン、または、前記油もしくはガスパイプラインの部品もしくはコーティングであり、前記液体含浸表面は、前記物品上で塩の形成または付着を阻止するように構成されているか、または、
前記物品は、人工関節であり、前記液体含浸表面は、前記関節の接合面の間の摩擦を減少させるか、または、長期的な潤滑を提供するように構成されており、前記液体含浸表面は、経時的に潤滑を提供するように、前記表面から経時的に液体を放出するように構成されているか、または、
前記物品は、エンジン部品であり、前記液体含浸表面は、前記部品の長期的な潤滑を提供するように構成されており、前記液体含浸表面は、経時的に潤滑を提供するように、前記表面から経時的に液体を放出するように構成されているか、または、
前記物品は、熱交換器部品であり、前記液体含浸表面は、凝縮熱伝達を向上させるように、前記物品から凝縮物の脱落を促進するように構成されている、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の物品。 - 前記液体含浸表面は、腐食を阻止するように構成されているか、または、前記液体含浸表面は、前記物品上でデブリの吸着に抵抗するように構成された汚染防止表面である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
- 前記含浸液体は、前記複数の固体特徴の間で、前記表面上の空気また他の流体の動きにもかかわらず、定位置に保持される、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
- 前記複数の固体特徴は、支柱または他のテクスチャを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
- 接触液は、前記表面と接触している、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
- 前記接触液は、前記支柱または他のテクスチャ上で静止している、請求項14に記載の物品。
- 前記含浸液体は、継続的に供給され得るかまたは補充され得る、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
- 前記液体含浸表面は、経時的に潤滑を提供するように、前記表面から経時的に液体を放出するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記液体含浸表面は、腐食を阻止するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記含浸液体は、−20℃未満の凝固点を有する、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の物品。
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CL2013002101A1 (es) | 2013-07-23 | 2014-08-29 | Univ Chile | Aditivo que confiere propiedades biocidas a distintos materiales que comprende un material de soporte o portador modificado con un agente bacteriano que forma estructuras nanometricas sobre la superficie externa de dicho material de soporte; y metodo para preparacion de dicho aditivo. |
US20150179321A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Controlled liquid/solid mobility using external fields on lubricant-impregnated surfaces |
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