JP2012527402A - 銅スズ硫化物および銅亜鉛スズ硫化物膜を製造するための方法 - Google Patents
銅スズ硫化物および銅亜鉛スズ硫化物膜を製造するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012527402A JP2012527402A JP2012512064A JP2012512064A JP2012527402A JP 2012527402 A JP2012527402 A JP 2012527402A JP 2012512064 A JP2012512064 A JP 2012512064A JP 2012512064 A JP2012512064 A JP 2012512064A JP 2012527402 A JP2012527402 A JP 2012527402A
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- Prior art keywords
- tin
- copper
- substituted
- group
- sulfide
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- WILFBXOGIULNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper sulfanylidenetin zinc Chemical compound [Sn]=S.[Zn].[Cu] WILFBXOGIULNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 5
- SEAVSGQBBULBCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn]=S.[Cu] Chemical compound [Sn]=S.[Cu] SEAVSGQBBULBCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- -1 copper chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 102
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001786 chalcogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine group Chemical group NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MFIWAIVSOUGHLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;tin Chemical compound [Sn]=[Se] MFIWAIVSOUGHLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenecopper Chemical compound [Se]=[Cu] IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical class *S* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004151 rapid thermal annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004119 disulfanediyl group Chemical group *SS* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical class [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004699 copper complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000058 selane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KXCAEQNNTZANTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N stannane Chemical compound [SnH4] KXCAEQNNTZANTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000083 tin tetrahydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical class *[Se]* 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 54
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 40
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 31
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000002056 X-ray absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CUYKNJBYIJFRCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminopyridine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1 CUYKNJBYIJFRCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopyridine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=N1 ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 10
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- WSDTWCKXZSLBGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;2-methoxyethanolate Chemical compound [Zn+2].COCC[O-].COCC[O-] WSDTWCKXZSLBGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HWWYDZCSSYKIAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CN=CC(C)=C1 HWWYDZCSSYKIAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc diethyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S.CCN(CC)C([S-])=S RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- QFYBRRIPNPVECS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;methanol Chemical compound [Cu].OC.OC QFYBRRIPNPVECS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JJPZOIJCDNHCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(sulfanylidene)tin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](=S)CCCC JJPZOIJCDNHCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZOUQIAGHKFLHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;n,n-dimethylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S ZOUQIAGHKFLHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
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- QTWKINKGAHTPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butan-2-yldisulfanyl)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)SSC(C)CC QTWKINKGAHTPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150023635 Ctse gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- CETBSQOFQKLHHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl disulfide Chemical compound CCSSCC CETBSQOFQKLHHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WHMDPDGBKYUEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2-thiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=N1 WHMDPDGBKYUEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJRYYOWARFCJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CN1CCCC1 QJRYYOWARFCJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002112 pyrrolidino group Chemical group [*]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012070 reactive reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXGZXXBJSZISOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-(2-phenylacetyl)sulfanyl 2-phenylethanethioate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC(=O)SSC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IXGZXXBJSZISOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003342 selenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007764 slot die coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical class [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKUYRAMKJLMYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C JKUYRAMKJLMYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHLZXPVSSFCZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-bromo-2-chlorobenzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1Cl IHLZXPVSSFCZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UJJLJRQIPMGXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydro-2-furoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCO1 UJJLJRQIPMGXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M thioacetate Chemical compound CC([S-])=O DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- QHUNJMXHQHHWQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C QHUNJMXHQHHWQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZQKNBDOVPOZPLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylmethanol Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CO ZQKNBDOVPOZPLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、以下の米国仮特許出願:第61/180,179号、第61/180,181号、第61/180,184号、および第61/180,186号に基づき米国特許法第119条(e)による優先権を主張し、それらの利益を主張している。これらの米国仮特許出願はいずれも2009年5月21に出願されたものであり、いずれもこの参照により、その全体が、あらゆる目的のために本出願の一部として援用される。
本発明は、基板上にCZTSおよびそのセレンアナログの膜を製造するための方法に関する。そのような膜は、光起電力デバイスの製造において有用である。本発明はまた、被覆基板を製造するための方法および光起電力デバイスを作製するための方法に関する。
a)インクを製造する工程と、
b)上記インクを基板上に配して、被覆基板を形成する工程と
を包含する方法であって、上記インクは、
i)窒素ベース、酸素ベース、炭素ベース、硫黄ベース、およびセレンベースの有機配位子の銅錯体、硫化銅、セレン化銅、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される銅源;
ii)窒素ベース、酸素ベース、炭素ベース、硫黄ベース、およびセレンベースの有機配位子のスズ錯体、水素化スズ、硫化スズ、セレン化スズ、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されるスズ源;
iii)必要に応じて、窒素ベース、酸素ベース、炭素ベース、硫黄ベース、およびセレンベースの有機配位子の亜鉛錯体、硫化亜鉛、セレン化亜鉛、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される亜鉛源;
iv)必要に応じて、S元素、Se元素、CS2、CSe2、CSSe、R1S−Z、R1Se−Z、R1S−SR1、R1Se−SeR1、R2C(S)S−Z、R2C(Se)Se−Z、R2C(S)S−SC(S)R2、R2C(Se)Se−SeC(Se)R2、R1C(O)S−Z、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されるカルコゲン化合物であって、各Zは、独立して、H、NR4 4、およびSiR5 3からなる群より選択され;ここで、各R1およびR5は、独立して、ヒドロカルビルならびにO置換、N置換、S置換、ハロゲン置換、およびトリ(ヒドロカルビル)シリル置換ヒドロカルビルからなる群より選択され;各R2は、独立して、ヒドロカルビル、O置換、N置換、S置換、Se置換、ハロゲン置換、およびトリ(ヒドロカルビル)シリル置換ヒドロカルビル、ならびにOベース、Nベース、Sベース、およびSeベースの官能基からなる群より選択され;そして各R4は、独立して、水素、O置換、N置換、S置換、Se置換、ハロゲン置換、およびトリ(ヒドロカルビル)シリル置換ヒドロカルビル、ならびにOベース、Nベース、Sベース、およびSeベースの官能基からなる群より選択される、カルコゲン化合物;
v)必要に応じて、溶媒
を含むが、但し、
溶媒が存在しない場合は、上記カルコゲン化合物および上記スズ源のうちの少なくとも一方は、室温で液体であり;そして
上記銅源が硫化銅およびセレン化銅から選択され、かつ上記スズ源が硫化スズおよびセレン化スズから選択される場合は、上記溶媒はヒドラジンではない
方法である。
本発明の1つの態様は、
a)インクを製造する工程と、
b)上記インクを基板上に配して、被覆基板を形成する工程と
を包含する方法であって、上記インクは、
i)窒素ベース、酸素ベース、炭素ベース、硫黄ベース、およびセレンベースの有機配位子の銅錯体、硫化銅、セレン化銅、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される銅源;
ii)窒素ベース、酸素ベース、炭素ベース、硫黄ベース、およびセレンベースの有機配位子のスズ錯体、水素化スズ、硫化スズ、セレン化スズ、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されるスズ源;
iii)必要に応じて、窒素ベース、酸素ベース、炭素ベース、硫黄ベース、およびセレンベースの有機配位子の亜鉛錯体、硫化亜鉛、セレン化亜鉛、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される亜鉛源;
iv)必要に応じて、S元素、Se元素、CS2、CSe2、CSSe、R1S−Z、R1Se−Z、R1S−SR1、R1Se−SeR1、R2C(S)S−Z、R2C(Se)Se−Z、R2C(Se)S−Z、R1C(O)S−Z、R1C(O)Se−Z、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されるカルコゲン化合物であって、各Zは、独立して、H、NR4 4、およびSiR5 3からなる群より選択され;ここで、各R1およびR5は、独立して、ヒドロカルビルならびにO置換、N置換、S置換、ハロゲン置換、およびトリ(ヒドロカルビル)シリル置換ヒドロカルビルからなる群より選択され;各R2は、独立して、ヒドロカルビル、O置換、N置換、S置換、Se置換、ハロゲン置換、およびトリ(ヒドロカルビル)シリル置換ヒドロカルビル、ならびにOベース、Nベース、Sベース、およびSeベースの官能基からなる群より選択され;そして各R4は、独立して、水素、O置換、N置換、S置換、Se置換、ハロゲン置換、およびトリ(ヒドロカルビル)シリル置換ヒドロカルビル、ならびにOベース、Nベース、Sベース、およびSeベースの官能基からなる群より選択される、カルコゲン化合物;
v)必要に応じて、溶媒
を含むが、但し、
溶媒が存在しない場合は、上記カルコゲン化合物および上記スズ源のうちの少なくとも一方は、室温で液体であり;そして
上記銅源が硫化銅およびセレン化銅から選択され、かつ上記スズ源が硫化スズおよびセレン化スズから選択される場合は、上記溶媒はヒドラジンではない
方法である。
基板は、硬質または軟質であり得る。1つの実施形態において、基板は、積層順に、(i)ベースフィルム;および(ii)必要に応じて導電性被膜を含む。ベースフィルムは、ガラス、金属、およびポリマーフィルムからなる群より選択される。好適な導電性被膜としては、金属導電体、透明導電酸化物、および有機導電体が挙げられる。特に興味深いのは、モリブデン被覆ソーダ石灰ガラス、モリブデン被覆ポリイミドフィルム、またはナトリウム化合物(例えば、NaF、Na2S、またはNa2Se)の薄層を有するモリブデン被覆ポリイミドフィルムの基板である。1つの実施形態において、基板は、金属箔、プラスチック、ポリマー、金属化プラスチック、ガラス、ソーラーガラス、低鉄ガラス、青板ガラス、ソーダ石灰ガラス、鋼、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム、セラミック、金属板、金属化セラミック板、および金属化高分子板からなる群より選択される材料を含む。
一部の実施形態において、本方法は、アニール工程をさらに包含し、この工程において、被覆基板は、約350〜800℃、または400〜650℃、または450〜600℃、または450〜525℃で加熱される。典型的に、このアニール工程は、熱処理、急速熱処理(RTP)、急速熱アニール(RTA)、パルス熱処理(PTP)、レーザービーム露光、IRランプによる加熱、電子ビーム露光、パルス電子ビーム処理、およびマイクロ波照射による加熱のうちの1つ以上を含む。本明細書において、RTPは、標準的な炉の代わりに使用され得る技術をいい、枚葉処理、高速の加熱および冷却速度、熱非平衡、ならびに制御された周囲状態(controlled ambient)を含む。RTAは、ドーパントの活性化、基板界面の改変、膜の緻密化および状態変更、損傷の修復、ならびにドーパントの移動を含む異なる効果に特異的な熱処理からなるRTPのサブセットである。急速熱アニールは、ランプベースの加熱、ホットチャック、または加熱板のいずれかを用いて行われる。PTPは、非常に短い持続時間の間の極度に高い出力密度での熱アニール機構を含み、例えば、欠陥低減をもたらす。同様に、パルス電子ビーム処理は、短いパルス持続時間を有するパルス化高エネルギー電子ビームを使用する。パルス処理は、温度感受性基板上の薄膜を処理するのに有用である。パルスの持続時間は非常に短いので、基板にはエネルギーがほとんど伝わらず、基板は損傷されないままである。
インク濃度ならびに/またはコーティング技術および温度を変えることにより、様々な厚さの膜が、単一コーティング工程において被覆され得る。被膜厚さはまた、コーティング工程および乾燥工程を繰り返すことによっても増加させ得る。アニール膜は、典型的に、湿潤な前駆体層の密度および/または厚さに対して、増大した密度および/または減少した厚さを有する。一部の実施形態において、乾燥およびアニールされた被膜の膜厚は、0.1〜200ミクロン、または0.1〜100ミクロン、または0.1〜50ミクロン、または0.1〜25ミクロン、または0.1〜10ミクロン、または0.5〜5ミクロンである。
様々な電気素子が、少なくとも一部は本明細書に記載のインクおよび方法の使用により、形成され得る。本発明の1つの態様は、CZTS−Seを含む薄膜光電池を製造するための方法を提供する。
材料。全ての試薬を、Aldrich(Milwaukee,WI)、Alfa Aesar(Ward Hill,MA)、TCI(Portland,OR)、またはGelest(Morrisville,PA)から購入した。固体試薬は、さらなる精製なしに使用した。不活性雰囲気下で容器に入れられていない液体試薬は、1時間にわたりその液体にアルゴンを通気することによって脱ガスした。無水溶媒を、ドライボックス内で実施した全ての配合物の調製および全ての清浄手順のために使用した。溶媒は、AldrichまたはAlfa Aesarから無水として購入したか、標準方法(例えば、Pangborn,A.G.,et.al.Organometallics,1996,15,1518−1520)によって精製し、次いで、ドライボックスにおいて、活性化されたモレキュラーシーブ上で保存した。
Moスパッタ基板。光起電力デバイスのための基板を、Dentonスパッタリング装置を使用し、パターン形成されたモリブデンの500nm層でSLG基板を被覆することにより製造した。付着条件は、DC電力150W、Ar20sccm、および圧力5mTであった。
XAS分析。Cu、ZnおよびSnのK端でのXANES分光法を、Argonne National LaboratoryにあるAdvanced Photon Sourceで実施した。データは、DND−CATのビームライン5BMDにて、蛍光配置(fluorescence geometry)で収集した。薄膜試料を、作製したままで、入射x線ビームに供した。Oxford分光法グレードのイオンチャンバーを使用して、X線入射強度(I0)を測定した。I0検出器には、570TorrのN2および20TorrのArを充填した。蛍光検出器は、Xeを充填したLytle Cellであり、ビーム伝播方向に対して垂直になるように設置した。データは、Cu端については8879eV〜9954eVのものを収集した。高最終エネルギー(high final energy)を同じデータセット中のZn端の部分を得るために使用して、膜中のCu:Zn比の推定としてのエッジステップ比(edge step ratio)の測定を可能にした。Zn端データは、9557eV〜10,404eVという範囲にわたって収集した。Sn端データは、29,000eV〜29,750eVの範囲を対象とした。データエネルギー目盛りは、試料データ収集に先立って収集された金属基準箔からのデータに基づき較正した。二次バックグラウンドを減算し、スペクトルを標準化した。種々のCu、ZnおよびSnの硫化物および酸化物標準(Cu2ZnSnS4、Cu2SnS3、CuS、Cu2S、CuO、Cu2O、ZnS、ZnO、SnS、SnOおよびSnO2)からのデータを、同じ条件下で得た。試料から得られたスペクトルへの適切な標準の線形結合の非線形最小二乗フィッティングにより、各元素についての相分布を得た。
実施例1を、4−t−ブチルピリジンの代わりに、ピリジンまたはトルエンまたは3−アミノピリジンを用い、第2の温度をそれぞれ約105℃、105℃、および170℃にして繰り返した。ピリジン中で製造された試料について、アニール温度/時間は、ピリジン中で製造された試料については400℃/0.5時間;トルエン試料については500℃/0.5時間;そして3−アミノピリジン試料については550℃/1時間であった。アニールされた試料のXRDおよびXASによる分析により、同様にCZTSの存在を確認した。
実施例1を繰り返し、アニールはRTAにより窒素雰囲気下で実施した。アニールされた試料のXRDによる分析により、同様にCZTSの存在を確認した。
Moパターンを形成したSLGスライド上に配合物を付着させた以外は、実施例1を繰り返した。また、加熱板の温度は2時間かけて105℃から180℃に上げ、被膜は550℃にて0.5時間にわたりアニールした。硫化カドミウム、絶縁性ZnOおよびAZO、そして銀線を付着させた。440nmおよび633nmでのOBICによる分析は、それぞれ銀線付近の5および0.75μAmpより大きい光応答を示した。
実施例2を、ピリジンの代わりに2−アミノピリジンを用い、第2の加熱温度を約190℃、乾燥温度を170℃、アニール温度を1時間にわたり550℃にして繰り返した。アニールされた試料のXRDおよびXASによる分析により、同様にCZTSの存在を確認した。
実施例2を添加された溶媒を用いずに繰り返し、被覆に先立ち、溶液を、加熱することなく数日間室温にて攪拌した。配合物および基板の両方が当初室温の状態で、ブレードコーティングにより被膜を生成した。この被膜の厚さは、0.003フィーラーストック(feeler stock)を、被覆されるべく領域の両側に置くことによって制御し、1本のより厚いフィーラーストックをブレードとして使用した。乾燥温度は、約0.5時間にわたり110℃であり、アニール温度は、0.5時間にわたり550℃であった。アニールされた試料のXRDおよびXASによる分析により、同様にCZTSの存在を確認した。分光光度測定は、約5ミクロン厚膜について850nm(約1.45eV)のバンドギャップを示した。
Moパターンを形成したSLGスライド上に配合物を付着させた以外は、実施例2を繰り返した。硫化カドミウム、そして絶縁性ZnOおよびAZOを付着させた。440nmでのOBICによる分析は、0.2μAmpより大きい光応答を示した。また、IV分析は、ダイオード様挙動を示し、VOCは78mV、JSCは0.119mA/cm2、FFは23.6%であり、効率は0.002%であった。
実施例3を、溶媒として4−t−ブチルピリジン、1,2,4−トリクロロベンゼン、または3−メトキシプロピオニトリルを使用して繰り返した。第2の加熱工程の温度は、これらの溶媒について、それぞれ160〜190℃、190℃、および150℃であった。アニールされた試料のXRDによる分析により、CZTSの存在を確認した。
さらに、実施例3を、2−または3−アミノピリジン(1.0314g)中の、亜鉛メトキシエトキシド(0.8829mmol)、酢酸銅(I)(1.518mmol)、ジ−n−ブチルスズスルフィド(0.8884mmol)、2−メルカプトエタノール(3.673mmol)、および硫黄(0.8045mmol)を使用し、第2の加熱温度170℃を使用して繰り返した。CZTSを、乾燥させた試料およびアニールした試料の両方において、XASにより検出した。
Moパターンを形成したSLG基板上に配合物を付着させた以外は、実施例6を繰り返した。硫化カドミウム、そして絶縁性ZnOおよびAZOを付着させた。440nmでのOBICによる分析は、付近の0.1μAmpより大きい光応答を示した。EQEによるこの試料の分析により、このPVデバイスは、半導体吸収体が1.53+/−0.04eVのバンドギャップエネルギーを有することと一致する、すなわちその吸収体がCZTSとして指定されることと矛盾しない、光応答を示すことが証明された。
実施例1の配合物と類似の配合物および処理SLG基板を、ともに105℃まで加熱した。この配合物をドロップコーティングした後、その被覆基板を105℃で20分にわたって維持し、次いで220℃で合計83分にわたって維持した。この基板を105℃まで冷却し、その上に同じ配合物の第2の層をドロップコーティングした。温度を105℃で約2.5時間にわたって維持し、次いで220℃で約1時間にわたって維持した。次いで、この基板を放置して、室温まで冷却した。次に、3−アミノピリジンを溶媒として使用した、硫黄元素を加えていない実施例16の配合物をスピンコーティングして、第3の層を得た。この基板を105℃で数時間にわたり加熱し、次いで20〜30分にわたり220℃で加熱し、次いで室温まで冷却した。この基板を、90分にわたり、窒素/硫黄雰囲気下で550℃にてアニールした。XRDによる分析により、CZTSの存在を確認した。
被覆基板を、第3の層を適用しなかったこと以外は、実施例17の被覆基板と類似して製造した。この基板を、90分にわたり、窒素/セレン雰囲気下でアニールした。XRD分析は、硫黄の一部(67.8%)がセレンで置換されたCZTS−Seの存在を示した。
2−アミノピリジンを溶媒として使用した、硫黄元素を添加していない実施例16の配合物を、処理SLG基板上にスピンコーティングした。次いで、この基板を105℃で少なくとも2時間にわたり加熱し、室温まで冷却し、170℃まで70分にわたり加熱し、そして室温まで冷却した。次に、2.2gの4−t−ブチルピリジンのみを用いた以外は実施例1のために使用した配合物と類似の配合物を、第1の被膜の上にスピン(spin)した。この基板を105℃で数時間にわたり加熱し、次いで170℃で20分にわたり加熱し、そして室温まで冷却した。RTAにより窒素下でアニールした後、XRDはCZTSの存在を示した。次いで、この基板を、炉においてセレン/窒素雰囲気下で90分にわたり550℃にてアニールした。XRDは、硫黄の一部(67.1%)がセレンで置換されたCZTS−Seの存在を示した。
硫化亜鉛(0.915mmol)、硫化銅(II)(1.539mmol)、および硫化スズ(II)(0.884mmol)を、攪拌棒を備えた40mLアンバーバイアルに入れた。3−メトキシプロピルアミン(0.893g)を加え、結果として生じた混合物を十分に攪拌した。次に、0.798mmolの硫黄元素を加えた。この反応混合物を、約12時間にわたり室温にて攪拌し、次いで約48時間にわたり105℃にて攪拌した。次いで、この配合物を、実施例1の手順に従い、処理SLGスライド上にドロップコーティングした。次いで、この被膜を、加熱板の温度を0.5時間かけて105℃から170℃に上げることによって、ドライボックス中で乾燥させた。この被膜を、550℃にて0.5時間にわたりアニールした。アニールされた試料のXASによる分析により、CZTSの存在を確認した。
配合物および被膜は、配合物中に亜鉛化合物を使用しなかったこと以外は、実施例1のものと類似した。被覆基板を、セレン/窒素蒸気下で90分にわたり550℃にてアニールした。XRD分析は、硫黄の一部(71.4%)がセレンで置換され、平均粒度が100nmより大きい、CTS−Seの存在を示した。
実施例16を、4−t−ブチルピリジンを溶媒として使用し、硫化スズ(II)の代わりにセレン化スズ(II)を使用して繰り返した。XRD分析は、硫黄の一部(76.8%)がセレンで置換され、平均粒度が35.2nmである、CTS−Seの存在を示した。
Claims (19)
- a)インクを製造する工程と、
b)前記インクを基板上に配して、被覆基板を形成する工程と
を包含する方法であって、前記インクは、
i)窒素ベース、酸素ベース、炭素ベース、硫黄ベース、およびセレンベースの有機配位子の銅錯体、硫化銅、セレン化銅、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される銅源;
ii)窒素ベース、酸素ベース、炭素ベース、硫黄ベース、およびセレンベースの有機配位子のスズ錯体、水素化スズ、硫化スズ、セレン化スズ、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されるスズ源;
iii)必要に応じて、窒素ベース、酸素ベース、炭素ベース、硫黄ベース、およびセレンベースの有機配位子の亜鉛錯体、硫化亜鉛、セレン化亜鉛、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される亜鉛源;
iv)必要に応じて、S元素、Se元素、CS2、CSe2、CSSe、R1S−Z、R1Se−Z、R1S−SR1、R1Se−SeR1、R2C(S)S−Z、R2C(Se)Se−Z、R2C(Se)S−Z、R1C(O)S−Z、R1C(O)Se−Z、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択されるカルコゲン化合物であって、各Zは、独立して、H、NR4 4、およびSiR5 3からなる群より選択され;ここで、各R1およびR5は、独立して、ヒドロカルビルならびにO置換、N置換、S置換、ハロゲン置換、およびトリ(ヒドロカルビル)シリル置換ヒドロカルビルからなる群より選択され;各R2は、独立して、ヒドロカルビル、O置換、N置換、S置換、Se置換、ハロゲン置換、およびトリ(ヒドロカルビル)シリル置換ヒドロカルビル、ならびにOベース、Nベース、Sベース、およびSeベースの官能基からなる群より選択され;そして各R4は、独立して、水素、O置換、N置換、S置換、Se置換、ハロゲン置換、およびトリ(ヒドロカルビル)シリル置換ヒドロカルビル、ならびにOベース、Nベース、Sベース、およびSeベースの官能基からなる群より選択される、カルコゲン化合物;
v)必要に応じて、溶媒
を含むが、但し、
溶媒が存在しない場合は、前記カルコゲン化合物および前記スズ源のうちの少なくとも一方は、室温で液体であり;そして
前記銅源が硫化銅およびセレン化銅から選択され、かつ前記スズ源が硫化スズおよびセレン化スズから選択される場合は、前記溶媒はヒドラジンではない
方法。 - 前記カルコゲン化合物、前記硫黄ベースの有機配位子、前記セレンベースの有機配位子、前記硫化銅、前記硫化スズ、前記硫化亜鉛、前記セレン化銅、前記セレン化スズおよび前記セレン化亜鉛の総モル数と、前記銅錯体、前記スズ錯体および前記亜鉛錯体の総モル数との比が、少なくとも約1である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記インクが、カルコゲン化合物または亜鉛源を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記インクが、硫黄元素、セレン元素、または硫黄元素とセレン元素との混合物を含み、(S+Se)のモル比は、前記スズ源に対して約0.2〜約5である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被覆基板が:
a)二元銅カルコゲニド、二元銅酸化物、およびCTS−Seからなる群より選択される1種以上の銅化合物;ならびに
b)二元スズカルコゲニド、二元スズ酸化物、およびCTS−Seからなる群より選択される1種以上のスズ化合物
を含み、前記カルコゲニドは、硫化物、セレン化物またはそれらの混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記インクが、亜鉛源を含み、前記被覆基板が、二元亜鉛カルコゲニド、ZnO、およびCZTS−Seからなる群より選択される1種以上の亜鉛化合物をさらに含み、前記カルコゲニドが、硫化物、セレン化物またはそれらの混合物を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記窒素ベース、酸素ベース、炭素ベース、硫黄ベース、およびセレンベースの有機配位子が、アミド;アルコキシド;アセチルアセトネート;カルボキシレート;ヒドロカルビル;O置換、N置換、S置換、ハロゲン置換およびトリ(ヒドロカルビル)シリル置換ヒドロカルビル;チオおよびセレノレート;チオ、セレノ、およびジチオカルボキシレート;ジチオ、ジセレノ、およびチオセレノカルバメート;ならびにジチオキサントゲネートからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶媒が存在し、芳香族化合物、ヘテロ芳香族化合物、ニトリル、アミド、アルコール、ピロリジノン、アミン、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 約80℃〜約350℃の乾燥工程をさらに包含する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被覆基板が、CZTS−Seを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記基板が、金属箔、プラスチック、ポリマー、金属化プラスチック、ガラス、ソーラーガラス、低鉄ガラス、青板ガラス、ソーダ石灰ガラス、鋼、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム、セラミック、金属板、金属化セラミック板、および金属化高分子板からなる群より選択される材料を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記インクを約100℃より高い温度に加熱する工程を、前記インクを前記基板上に配する工程の前にさらに包含する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被覆基板が、CZTS−Seを含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、大気圧で実施され、溶媒が存在し、前記溶媒の沸点が、大気圧で約100℃より高い、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 約350℃〜約800℃でのアニール工程をさらに包含し、前記アニール工程が、熱処理、急速熱処理、急速熱アニール、パルス熱処理、レーザービーム露光、IRランプによる加熱、電子ビーム露光、パルス電子ビーム処理、マイクロ波照射による加熱、およびそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アニール工程が、不活性ガスと、セレン蒸気、硫黄蒸気、水素、硫化水素、セレン化水素、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される反応性成分とを含む雰囲気下で実施される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記アニール工程が、不活性ガスを含む雰囲気下で実施され、前記カルコゲン化合物、前記硫黄ベースの有機配位子、前記セレンベースの有機配位子、前記硫化銅、前記硫化スズ、前記硫化亜鉛、前記セレン化銅、前記セレン化スズおよび前記セレン化亜鉛の総モル数と、前記銅錯体、前記スズ錯体および前記亜鉛錯体の総モル数との比が、少なくとも約1である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- バッファ層、上部接触層、電極パッド、および反射防止層からなる群より選択される1つ以上の層を、前記アニールされたCZTS−Se膜上に配する工程をさらに包含する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 請求項18の方法によって製造された、光起電力デバイス。
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EP2432842A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
CN102439096A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
EP2432840A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
JP2012527401A (ja) | 2012-11-08 |
CN102439097A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
US20120061628A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
CN102439098A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
KR20120036872A (ko) | 2012-04-18 |
KR20120030434A (ko) | 2012-03-28 |
US9112094B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
US20120060928A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
JP2012527523A (ja) | 2012-11-08 |
WO2010135667A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
KR20120028933A (ko) | 2012-03-23 |
WO2010135665A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
WO2010135622A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
TW201107241A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
EP2432841A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
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