JP2012522108A - 微多孔膜、かかる膜の製造方法、およびバッテリーセパレーターフィルムとしてのかかる膜の使用 - Google Patents
微多孔膜、かかる膜の製造方法、およびバッテリーセパレーターフィルムとしてのかかる膜の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012522108A JP2012522108A JP2012503463A JP2012503463A JP2012522108A JP 2012522108 A JP2012522108 A JP 2012522108A JP 2012503463 A JP2012503463 A JP 2012503463A JP 2012503463 A JP2012503463 A JP 2012503463A JP 2012522108 A JP2012522108 A JP 2012522108A
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- Prior art keywords
- polyethylene
- range
- polyolefin
- microporous membrane
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B01D2325/32—Melting point or glass-transition temperatures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/34—Molecular weight or degree of polymerisation
- B01D2325/341—At least two polymers of same structure but different molecular weight
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、2009年5月11日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/177,060号および2009年6月25日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091636985号;2009年3月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/164,824号および2009年5月25日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091609644号;2009年3月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/164,817号および2009年5月25日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091609651号;2009年3月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/164,833号および2009年5月25日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091609669号;2009年3月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/164,827号および2009年5月25日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091609677号;2009年6月24日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/220,094号および2009年8月19日出願の欧州特許出願公開第091681940号の優先権を主張し、それぞれの内容を全体として参照により組み入れるものとする。
(1)希釈剤と、(i)115.0℃〜130.0℃の範囲の融解ピーク温度および5.0×103〜4.0×105の重量平均分子量を有する第1のポリエチレンを含むポリマーとの混合物を押し出す工程、
(2)押出物を少なくとも1つの平面方向に延伸する工程、および
(3)希釈剤の少なくとも一部を延伸押出物から除去して微多孔膜を形成する工程
を含む微多孔膜の製造方法に関する。
[1]微多孔性ポリオレフィン膜の製造に用いる材料の組成
(1)ポリエチレン樹脂(1種または複数)
(a)第1のポリエチレン
(b)第2のポリエチレン
(c)第3のポリエチレン
(d)第1、第2、および第3のポリエチレンの混合物
(e)分子量分布(MWD)
(2)さらなる他のポリマー
[2]微多孔膜の製造方法
(1)ポリオレフィンと希釈剤との混合
(2)押出し
(3)随意である押出物の冷却
(4)押出物の延伸
(5)希釈剤の除去
(6)膜の乾燥
(7)熱処理
(8)膜の延伸(乾燥配向)
(i)MD延伸は、膜を、例えば70.0℃〜129.0℃、または約80℃〜約125℃といった、Tcd−30℃〜およそTm−10℃の範囲の第1の温度にさらしながら行い、
(ii)TD延伸は、膜を、例えば70.0℃〜129.0℃、または約105℃〜約125℃、または約110℃〜約120℃といった、第1の温度より高いがTmよりは低い第2の温度にさらしながら行う。
(9)膜の制御された幅の縮小(膜の熱緩和)
[3]構造、特性、および組成
(a)標準化透気度≦5.0×102秒/100cm3/20μm
(b)約25%〜約80%の範囲の空孔率
(c)シャットダウン温度≦130.5℃
(e)メルトダウン温度≧140.0℃
[4]バッテリーセパレーターおよび電池
実施例
実施例1
実施例2
実施例3
実施例4
実施例5
実施例6
実施例7
実施例8
実施例9
比較例1
比較例2
比較例3
比較例4
比較例5
Claims (25)
- ポリオレフィンを含む微多孔膜であって、ポリオレフィンが、115.0℃〜130.0℃の範囲のTmおよび5.0×103〜4.0×105の範囲のMwを有することを特徴とする微多孔膜。
- 膜が、5.0×102秒/100cm3/20μm以下の標準化透気度および130.5℃以下のシャットダウン温度を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微多孔膜。
- ポリオレフィンが、シングルサイト触媒で製造されるエチレン系ポリオレフィンコポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微多孔膜。
- 膜が、膜の質量を基準として5.0〜15.0質量%の範囲の量のエチレン系ポリオレフィンを含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の微多孔膜。
- ポリオレフィンが、エチレン系ポリオレフィンであり、膜が、131.0℃以上のTmおよび1.0×105〜9.0×105の範囲のMwを有する第2のポリエチレン、ならびに1.0×106を超えるMwを有する第3のポリエチレンをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の微多孔膜。
- エチレン系ポリオレフィンが、120.0℃〜128.0℃の範囲のTmを有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の微多孔膜。
- エチレン系ポリオレフィンが、1.0×104〜1.0×105の範囲のMwを有することを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載の微多孔膜。
- エチレン系ポリオレフィンが、エチレンと第2のαオレフィンとのコポリマーであり、コポリマーが、122.0℃〜126.0℃の範囲のTmを有することを特徴とする請求項5〜7のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜。
- コポリマーが、メタロセン触媒を使用するプロセスで製造されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の微多孔膜。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の微多孔膜を含むことを特徴とするバッテリーセパレーターフィルム。
- 微多孔膜の製造方法であって、
(1)希釈剤と、115.0℃〜130.0℃の範囲のTmおよび5.0×103〜4.0×105の範囲のMwを有するポリオレフィンを含むポリマーとの混合物を押し出す工程;
(2)押出物を少なくとも1つの平面方向に延伸する工程;および
(3)希釈剤の少なくとも一部を延伸押出物から除去して微多孔膜を形成する工程
を含むことを特徴とする微多孔膜の製造方法。 - ポリマーが、(ii)131.0℃以上のTmおよび1.0×106以下のMwを有する第2のポリオレフィン及び/または(iii)1.0×106を超えるMwを有する第3のポリオレフィンをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
- 第1、第2、および第3のポリオレフィンが、ポリエチレンであることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 第1のポリオレフィンが、エチレンとコモノマーとのコポリマーであり、第1のポリオレフィンのTmが、122.0℃〜126.0℃の範囲であり、第1のポリオレフィンのMwが、1.0×104〜1.0×105の範囲であり、かつ第1のポリオレフィンのMWDが、1.8〜3.5の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 工程(3)に続いて膜を少なくとも1つの平面方向に延伸する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
- 工程(3)に続いて膜を熱処理にかける工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
- 工程(2)の延伸が、押出物を90.0℃〜125.0℃の範囲の温度にさらしながら、面積が9倍〜49倍の範囲の倍率になるまで二軸に行われることを特徴とする請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(3)の後に、残留したいずれかの揮発性種を膜から除去する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 第1のポリエチレンがポリマー−希釈剤混合物中のポリマーの質量を基準として4.0質量%〜17.0質量%の範囲の量で存在し、第2のポリエチレンが50.0質量%〜95.0質量%の範囲の量で存在し、かつ第3のポリエチレンが1.0質量%〜46.0質量%の範囲の量で存在することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 延伸の前に押出物を冷却する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項11〜20のいずれかに記載の膜生成物。
- 電解質と、負極と、正極と、負極と正極の間に位置するセパレーターとを含む電池であって、セパレーターが、115.0℃〜130.0℃の範囲のTmおよび5.0×103〜4.0×105の範囲のMwを有するポリオレフィンを含むことを特徴とする電池。
- 電池が、リチウムイオン二次電池、リチウムポリマー二次電池、ニッケル水素二次電池、ニッケルカドミウム二次電池、ニッケル亜鉛二次電池、または銀亜鉛二次電池であることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の電池。
- 正極が、集電体、およびリチウムイオンを吸収かつ放出することができる集電体上の正極活物質層を含むことを特徴とする請求項22に記載の電池。
- 電解質が、有機溶媒中のリチウム塩を含むことを特徴とする請求項23に記載の電池。
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WO2023176880A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-21 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜、非水電解液二次電池およびフィルター |
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