JP2009532827A - 電磁放射によって加熱された単結晶炭化ケイ素を含む複合材料および機器 - Google Patents
電磁放射によって加熱された単結晶炭化ケイ素を含む複合材料および機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009532827A JP2009532827A JP2009503036A JP2009503036A JP2009532827A JP 2009532827 A JP2009532827 A JP 2009532827A JP 2009503036 A JP2009503036 A JP 2009503036A JP 2009503036 A JP2009503036 A JP 2009503036A JP 2009532827 A JP2009532827 A JP 2009532827A
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- silicon carbide
- composite material
- single crystal
- crystal silicon
- microns
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、電磁放射の吸収によって迅速かつ効率的に温度を増加する複合材料に関する。本発明は、複合材料を含む機器およびこのような機器を使用する加熱方法にも関する。
多くの材料は、電磁波エネルギーまたは他の電磁エネルギー放射を吸収しないことが知られている。そのような材料は、電磁放射に対してこれによって影響されることなく反射性または透過性であり得る。従ってこのような材料は、マイクロ波または電波場に曝露された場合に熱くならない。
本発明は、電磁放射の吸収によって、および特にマイクロ波エネルギーの吸収によって、迅速かつ効率的に高温に加熱する複合材料に関する。さらに、本発明の複合材料は、アーク放電しないか、またはスパークを生じない。複合材料は、特異な形の炭化ケイ素を含む。この特異な形は、電磁放射によって強く加熱された単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカまたは繊維である。本発明は、複合材料で作製された物体にも、および本発明の材料を使用する加熱の方法にも関する。
本発明は、電磁放射の、特にマイクロ波エネルギーの吸収によって迅速かつ効率的に高温に加熱する複合材料に関する。本発明者らは、単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカおよび繊維を合成し、このような単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカおよび繊維が、電磁放射、特にマイクロ波エネルギーを熱に変換することに特に適していることを発見した。従って複合材料で作製された物体を、迅速および効率的に、かつ所望の場合は高温にまで加熱する。従ってこのような物体を、金属を溶解すること等、公知の炭化ケイ素含有マイクロ波加熱可能機器に適していない様式において使用することができる。別の方法では、より高い温度を必要としない物体は、より安いコストで製作され、かつより安いコストで使用されることができる。さらに、単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカおよび繊維は、微粒子炭化ケイ素を含有する物体と比較して追加的な強度を提供し、かつ単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカまたは繊維を含有する物体は、公知の材料から作製された物体よりも簡単に製造される。単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカまたは繊維の量は、マトリクス材料の特性および特質を劣化させないために充分に低い。
式中、P=出力(ワット/m3)
f=周波数(Hz)
E=電圧勾配(V/m)
ε=誘電率
tanδ=誘電正接
以下の実施例は、本発明を説明することを意図しており、何らこれを限定するものではない。例えば、異なる波長または出力の電磁放射が本発明に従って用いられることができる。同様に、本明細書に例示されたマトリクス材料は、本発明に従って使用され得るマトリクス材料のみではない。本明細書に提供された手引きがあれば、当業者は、本発明の複合材料を作製することによって本発明を実施でき、本発明の方法に従ってこのような材料を使用して、所望の場合はマイクロ波エネルギーへの曝露によって、複合材料を電磁放射に、特にマイクロ波エネルギーに曝露することによって、物体を迅速かつ効率的に、かつ典型的には達成されるよりも高い温度まで加熱できると考えられる。
マイクロ波放射を含む電磁放射に曝露された場合、100%炭化水素含有の精製鉱物油(パラフィン油)は低い誘電損を有する。従ってマイクロ波放射に曝露された場合には、これは熱くならない。単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカ(0.6ミクロン平均直径、9ミクロン長)および超微細炭化ケイ素微粒子(<1ミクロン平均サイズ)が、1重量%で、別々のアリコートの鉱物油に加えられ、かつ1000ワットで2.45GHzのマイクロ波場に別々に供された。結果を、表1に示し、かつ図1に図示する。
本発明において使用された単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカが、100%パラフィン鉱物油に再び添加された。この実施例において、重量パーセント単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカの増加とともに誘電正接を増加することを目的に、本発明の炭化ケイ素は、増加する重量パーセントで添加された。各試料は、別々に、1000ワットで2.45GHzのマイクロ波エネルギー場に20秒間供された。温度上昇を、以下の表2に示し、かつ図2に図示する。
アルミナは、RFおよびマイクロ波スペクトルにおいて非常に低い誘電正接を有するセラミック材料である。従ってこれは、このエネルギーを熱に効率的に変換しない。セラミック複合物(本発明の複合材料)が、アルミナと実施例1の単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカと組み合わせることによって作製された。このような複合物が、その後、本発明のセラミック複合材料へと加熱プレスされた。このセラミック複合物は、1000ワットで2.45GHzのマイクロ波場に供された。セラミックの温度が時間とともに記録された。結果を図3に示す。
実施例1の単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカが再び低誘電損固体であるアルミナに添加された。この実施例において、単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカの濃度の増加とともに増加する誘電正接を有する本発明の複合材料を作製することを目的に、単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカは、増加する重量パーセントで添加された。混ぜ込まれた多孔性のパウダーの誘電正接が計測された。金属プローブがパウダー中に配置され、その後多孔性パウダーが915MHzにおいて周波数ネットワークアナライザーに供された。ネットワークアナライザーは、これらのパウダーの比誘電率定数および損失正接を決定した。
(1)0重量%単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカを有する純アルミナ、
(2)7.5重量%単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカを有するアルミナ、
(3)15重量%単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカを有するアルミナ、および
(4)25重量%単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカを有するアルミナ。
全ての他の変数が一定に保たれている場合、マイクロ波エネルギーへの曝露の際の温度上昇する能力は、組成物の誘電正接の直接的な反映である。マイクロ波エネルギーへの曝露の際の温度上昇する微細多結晶炭化ケイ素微粒子の能力が、実施例1で使用した単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカの能力と、および同じ条件下で温度を上昇させる単結晶炭化ケイ素繊維と比較された。これらの単結晶炭化ケイ素繊維は、実施例1の単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカと同じ直径であったが、実施例1の単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカの9ミクロン長と比較して、長さは概ね20ミクロンであった。
本発明の複合材料を含有するために使用された坩堝は、38.1mmの直径および89.2mmの高さを有した。本発明の複合材料は、アルミナおよび25重量%、15重量%、および7.5重量%の単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカを含む単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカの混ぜ込まれたパウダーであった。坩堝へのパウダーの装填は、それぞれ74.8グラム、79.5グラム、および72.2グラムの平均重量を有した。25重量パーセント、15重量パーセント、および7.5重量パーセントの本発明の複合材料について、本発明の複合材料はそれぞれ、坩堝の体積の76.0体積パーセント、91.1体積パーセント、および91.9体積%を占めた。
15重量パーセントおよび25重量パーセントの実施例6の単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカを含む本発明の複合材料の加熱能力が、アルミナを有して1ミクロン未満の平均粒子サイズを有する多結晶炭化ケイ素粒子で調製された比較試料と比較された。実施例6において使用された同じ坩堝においてルースパウダー(loose powder)が600秒間加熱された。25重量パーセントおよび15重量パーセントの試料によって占められた坩堝の平均重量および体積パーセントは、それぞれ92.4グラム、77.5体積パーセント、および93.5グラム、77.4体積パーセントであった。図7においてわかるように、25パーセント多結晶炭化ケイ素が1016℃まで600秒で熱くなったが、より低い濃度はこの温度に到達しなかった。
7.5重量パーセントおよび15重量パーセントの単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカを残りのアルミナとともに含む本発明の複合材料が、ロッド形状に押し出され、その後、溶融セラミックロッドへ焼結された。ロッドの特有の寸法と重量を表5に示す。
75重量パーセントのアルミナならびに0.6ミクロンの平均直径および9ミクロンの平均長を有する25重量パーセントの単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカの混合物が、本発明の複合材料を形成するよう調製された。本発明のこの複合物は、異なる直径と高さの2つのジルコニア坩堝間の隙間に置かれた。金属アルミニウムが小さい方の坩堝に配置され、全量が、2.45GHzの周波数および約1000ワットの出力で電子レンジ内で加熱された。
Claims (24)
- マトリクス材料において単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカ、繊維、またはこれらの混合物を含む、電磁放射へ曝露されると温度上昇する複合材料。
- 約0.2ミクロンと約10ミクロンとの間の直径および約10と25との間のアスペクト比を有する単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカを含む、請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 約4ミクロンと約20ミクロンとの間の直径および少なくとも約50ミクロンの長さを有する炭化ケイ素繊維を含む、請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカおよび繊維がドーパントをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- ドーパントが窒素である、請求項4に記載の複合材料。
- 電磁放射に曝露すると温度上昇する複合材料を含み、
複合材料がマトリクス材料において単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカ、繊維、またはこれらの混合物を含む、
発熱物体。 - 複合材料が、約0.2ミクロンと約10ミクロンとの間の直径および約10と100との間のアスペクト比を有する単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカを含む、請求項6に記載の物体。
- 複合材料が、約4ミクロンと約20ミクロンとの間の直径および少なくとも約50ミクロンの長さを有する単結晶炭化ケイ素繊維を含む、請求項6に記載の物体。
- 単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカおよび繊維がドーパントをさらに含む、請求項6に記載の物体。
- ドーパントが窒素である、請求項9に記載の物体。
- 請求項1に記載の複合材料を含む、マイクロ波吸収性かつ加熱可能の食品加工用品。
- マイクロ波放射に曝露される場合、その中に含まれた食品にきつね色の焦げ目をつける、請求項11に記載の用品。
- マトリクス材料において単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカ、繊維、またはこれらの混合物を含み、電磁放射に曝露すると温度上昇する複合材料を電磁放射へ曝露してこれを加熱する工程と、
加熱された複合材料から熱を照射する工程と、
を含む、熱を発生させるための方法。 - 加熱される物体が、複合材料に近接して配置され、かつ電磁放射に同時に曝露される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 加熱される物体が、電磁放射に曝露されず、かつ該物体が、複合材料が電磁放射によって加熱された後に、複合材料から伝達された熱によって加熱される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 加熱された構成材料から、伝導、対流、または赤外放射の再放射によって熱が伝達される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 加熱された構成材料から、伝導、対流、または赤外放射の再放射によって熱が伝達される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 複合材料が、約0.2ミクロンと約10ミクロンとの間の直径および約10と100との間のアスペクト比を有する単結晶炭化ケイ素ホイスカを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 複合材料が、約4ミクロンと約20ミクロンとの間の直径および少なくとも約50ミクロンの長さを有する単結晶炭化ケイ素繊維を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 本発明の単結晶炭化ケイ素のホイスカおよび繊維が窒素ドーパントをさらに含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- マイクロ波、および対流による、伝導による、または、マイクロ波エネルギーを吸収し、かつ熱を放射する、請求項1に記載の複合材料を含む加熱素子からの赤外放射による、この両方で加熱するためのコンビネーションオーブン。
- 電波またはマイクロ波エネルギーに曝露される場合に、電波オーブンまたは電子レンジ内に加熱をもたらす、請求項1に記載の複合材料を含む断熱された(insulated)器。
- 請求項1に記載の複合材料を含む、乾燥装置。
- 請求項1に記載の複合材料を含む、金属を溶解かつ溶融するための装置。
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Also Published As
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US20090302030A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
US20070295716A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
WO2007123711A2 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
EP2002694A2 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
EP2002694A4 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
JP2013050301A (ja) | 2013-03-14 |
WO2007123711A3 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
US9688583B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
US20070235450A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
EP2002694B1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
US8648284B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
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