JP2009176732A - 非水電解液二次電池用マンガン酸リチウム及びその製造方法、並びに非水電解液二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液二次電池用マンガン酸リチウム及びその製造方法、並びに非水電解液二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009176732A JP2009176732A JP2008334392A JP2008334392A JP2009176732A JP 2009176732 A JP2009176732 A JP 2009176732A JP 2008334392 A JP2008334392 A JP 2008334392A JP 2008334392 A JP2008334392 A JP 2008334392A JP 2009176732 A JP2009176732 A JP 2009176732A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium manganate
- particles
- particle powder
- manganese oxide
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017119 AlPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910008088 Li-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006327 Li—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004786 P-Li Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004796 P—Li Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KVGMATYUUPJFQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Mn++].[Mn++] KVGMATYUUPJFQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/0018—Mixed oxides or hydroxides
- C01G49/0072—Mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
- C01G51/44—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
- C01G51/54—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. Li(CoxMn2-x)04, Li(MyCoxMn2-x-y)O4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/54—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. Li(NixMn2-x)O4, Li(MyNixMn2-x-y)O4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/016—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on manganites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
- C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/74—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
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Abstract
【解決手段】 一次粒子径が1〜8μmであって、実質的に単相粒子を形成するマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末であり、化学式:Li1+xMn2−x−yY1yO4+Y2(Y1=Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Ti、0.03≦x≦0.15、0.05≦y≦0.20、Y2=融点が800℃以下であるリン化合物中の燐)を満たし、且つ、BET比表面積が0.5〜0.9m2/g、平均粒径(D50)が3〜10μmであるマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末である。
【選択図】 なし
Description
また、結晶性を改善しただけでも高温保存特性が満足できるレベルではなく、実用的には不十分であった。
化学式:Li1+xMn2−x−yY1yO4+Y2(Y1=Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Tiの中の少なくとも一種、Y2=P、0.03≦x≦0.15、0.05≦y≦0.20、Y2:Mnに対して0.01mol%〜0.6mol%)を満たし、且つ、マンガン酸リチウム粒子の比表面積が0.3〜0.9m2/g(BET法)であり、平均粒径(D50)が3.0〜10μmであることを特徴とするマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末である(本発明1)。
このうち、xは0.03〜0.15であり、yは0.05〜0.20である。xが0.03未満の場合、容量は高くなるが高温特性が著しく低下する。0.15を超える場合には高温特性は改善されるが容量が著しく低下したりLiリッチ相が生成し抵抗上昇の原因になる。より好ましくは0.05〜0.15である。
yが0.05未満の場合、十分な効果が得られない。0.20を超える場合には容量低下が大きくなるために実用的でない。より好ましくは0.05〜0.15である。
I(400)、I(440)の各強度比が前記範囲外の場合には、燐化合物による焼結防止効果、粒成長防止効果が損なわれてしまう。より好ましくはI(400)/I(111)が30〜35%、I(440)/I(111)が15〜20%である。
本発明に係るマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を用いた正極の放電容量が90mAh/g未満では、電池容量が低く実用的ではない。115mAh/gを超える場合には十分な安定性を確保できない。より好ましくは95〜112mAh/gであり、更に好ましくは100〜110mAh/gである。
前記評価方法に従って測定した容量回復率は、95%以上であることが好ましい。容量回復率が95%未満では、高温特性に優れるとは言い難いものである。より好ましい容量回復率は98%以上である。
本発明においては、酸化マンガンに、微細で結晶性の低いアルミニウム化合物などの被覆物を粒子表面に被覆して均質に混合された状態とし、且つ、燐酸二水素アンモニウムを添加し、800℃以上の高温で焼成することによって、前記特性を有するマンガン酸リチウムを得ることができたものである。
まず、正極活物質としてLi−Mn複合酸化物を92重量%、導電材としてアセチレンブラックを2.5重量%及びグラファイトKS−16を2.5重量%、バインダーとしてN−メチルピロリドンに溶解したポリフッ化ビニリデン3重量%とを混合した後、Al金属箔に塗布し120℃にて乾燥した。このシートを16mmφに打ち抜いた後、1.5t/cm2で圧着し、電極厚みを50μmとした物を正極に用いた。負極は16mmφに打ち抜いた金属リチウムとし、電解液は1mol/lのLiPF6を溶解したECとDECを体積比で3:7で混合した溶液を用いてCR2032型コインセルを作成した。
初期充放電特性は、室温で充電は4.5Vまで0.1Cの電流密度にて行った後、放電を3.0Vまで0.1Cの電流密度にて行い、そのときの初期放電容量を測定した。
窒素通気のもと、3.5モルの水酸化ナトリウムに0.5モルの硫酸マンガンを加え全量を1Lとし、得られた水酸化マンガンを90℃で1時間熟成させた。熟成後、空気を通気させ90℃で酸化させ、水洗、乾燥後、酸化マンガン粒子粉末を得た。
この懸濁液を、フィルタープレスを用いて酸化マンガン粒子の重量に対して10倍の水により水洗を行った後、乾燥を行い、組成がMn:Al=95:5であって、平均二次粒子径が4.8μmの水酸化アルミニウムで被覆された酸化マンガン粒子を得た。
用いる酸化マンガンの種類、Y1の種類、Y2の量及び焼成条件を種々変化させた以外は、前記実施例1と同様にしてマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を得た。
このときの製造条件を表1に、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
酸化マンガン(MnO2)(平均粒径15μm)、水酸化アルミニウム(Al(OH)3)及び炭酸リチウムを混合した後、960℃で焼成して、マンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を得た。
酸化マンガン(Mn3O4)(平均粒径4μm)、水酸化アルミニウム(Al(OH)3)及び炭酸リチウムを混合した後、960℃で焼成して、マンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を得た。
用いる酸化マンガンの種類、アルミニウムの被覆量、燐添加量、及び焼成条件を種々変化させた以外は、前記実施例1と同様にしてマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を得た。
このときの製造条件を表1に、得られたマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の諸特性を表2に示す。
Claims (10)
- 一次粒子径が1.0〜8.0μmであって、実質的に単相粒子を形成するマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末であり、
化学式:Li1+xMn2−x−yY1yO4+Y2(Y1=Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Tiの中の少なくとも一種、Y2=P、0.03≦x≦0.15、0.05≦y≦0.20、Y2:Mnに対して0.01mol%〜0.6mol%)を満たし、且つ、マンガン酸リチウム粒子の比表面積が0.3〜0.9m2/g(BET法)であり、平均粒径(D50)が3.0〜10μmであることを特徴とするマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末。 - X線回折強度のI(400)/I(111)が30〜50%であってI(440)/I(111)が15〜25%である請求項1記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末。
- 前記マンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末またはその一部を正極活物質として用い、1mol/lのLiPF6が添加されている非水電解質溶液(EC:DEC=3:7の割合で混合)を用い、負極には厚さ500μmのLi箔を用いたCR2032型の非水電解液二次電池において、充放電容量を測定した場合に、初期の放電容量が90〜115mAh/gである請求項1又は2記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末。
- 前記マンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末またはその一部を正極活物質として用い、1mol/lのLiPF6が添加されている非水電解質溶液(EC:DEC=3:7の割合で混合)を用い、負極には厚さ500μmのLi箔を用いたCR2032型の非水電解液二次電池において、充放電容量を測定した場合に、0.1Cで充放電後(そのときの放電容量をaとする)、0.1Cで4.5Vまで充電を行い放電深度70%まで放電した後に、60℃で1週間放置させ、その後3.0Vまで放電させ0.1Cで1サイクル充電放電試験を行った際の放電容量(b)を測定した場合、容量回復率(b/a(%))が95%以上である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末。
- 炭酸リチウムと、Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Tiから選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を被覆した酸化マンガンと、融点が800℃以下である燐化合物とを添加し混合した後、800℃〜1050℃で焼成することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法。
- Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Tiから選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を被覆した酸化マンガンが、酸化マンガンを含有する水懸濁液に対して、Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Tiから選ばれる少なくとも1種の塩を含有する水溶液を添加し、水懸濁液のpHを調整して、酸化マンガンの粒子表面にNi、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Tiから選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を被覆することによって得られる請求項5記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 酸化マンガンの粒子表面に形成されたNi、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Tiから選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物が、X線回折で非晶質である請求項6記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 酸化マンガンが、実質的に単結晶である請求項5〜7のいずれかに記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 酸化マンガンの平均粒径が1μm以上である請求項5〜8のいずれかに記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末を正極活物質またはその一部として用いた非水電解液二次電池。
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JP5556983B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
US8323612B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 |
KR101492304B1 (ko) | 2015-02-11 |
EP2226293B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
WO2009084214A1 (ja) | 2009-07-09 |
EP2226293A1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
CN101910066B (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
CA2710539A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
EP2226293A4 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
US20100327221A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
KR20100106987A (ko) | 2010-10-04 |
CN101910066A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
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