ES2659028T3 - Sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado - Google Patents
Sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2659028T3 ES2659028T3 ES15153500.2T ES15153500T ES2659028T3 ES 2659028 T3 ES2659028 T3 ES 2659028T3 ES 15153500 T ES15153500 T ES 15153500T ES 2659028 T3 ES2659028 T3 ES 2659028T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- bog
- engine
- stream
- current
- lng
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FNVBALFTMLKFEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl) phosphono phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(OP(=O)(OC3=CC=4OC(=O)C=C(C=4C=C3)C)OP(O)(O)=O)=CC=C21 FNVBALFTMLKFEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0209—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0209—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene
- F02M21/0212—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene comprising at least 3 C-Atoms, e.g. liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], propane or butane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0245—High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
- F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
- F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
- F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
- F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
- F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
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- F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
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- F17C2270/00—Applications
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- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Abstract
Un sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado para un buque, que incluye un tanque de almacenamiento (11) que almacena gas natural licuado, y un motor (3) que utiliza el gas natural licuado almacenado en el tanque de almacenamiento como combustible, comprendiendo el sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado: una primera corriente de gas de evaporación, que se genera a partir del gas natural licuado en el tanque de almacenamiento (11) y se descarga desde el tanque de almacenamiento (11); una segunda corriente de gas de evaporación, que se suministra como combustible al motor en la primera corriente; y una tercera corriente de gas de evaporación, que no se suministra al motor en la primera corriente, en el que la primera corriente se comprime a aproximadamente 150 a 400 bar en un compresor (13, 13a, 13b) y se divide en la segunda corriente y en la tercera corriente, la tercera corriente comprimida en el compresor se enfría en un intercambiador de calor (21) intercambiando calor con la primera corriente, sin emplear un aparato de relicuado que utiliza un refrigerante independiente, la tercera corriente enfriada en el intercambiador de calor se descomprime mediante medios de descompresión (22, 52), y la tercera corriente descomprimida por los medios de descompresión está en un estado mixto de gas-líquido y tanto un componente gaseoso como un componente líquido de la tercera corriente se devuelven al tanque de almacenamiento (11).
Description
ejemplos de medios que consumen BOG pueden incluir una GCU y una turbina de gas, cada una de las cuales puede usar gas natural como combustible.
La figura 12 es un diagrama de configuración esquemática que ilustra un sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado para 5 un buque de acuerdo con una tercera modificación de la quinta realización de la presente invención.
La tercera modificación de la quinta realización ilustrada en la figura 12 difiere del sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado ilustrado en la figura 11 de acuerdo con la segunda modificación de la quinta realización en que se utiliza un expansor 52, en lugar de la válvula de expansión, como medio de descompresión. Es decir, de acuerdo con la tercera modificación de la quinta realización, el LBOG enfriado y licuado en un intercambiador de calor 21 se descomprime a un estado mixto de gas-líquido al pasar a través del expansor 52 que sirve como el medio de descompresión y se devuelve a un tanque de carga 11 en un estado de dos fases.
Al igual que en el sistema y el método de tratamiento de gas licuado de acuerdo con las realizaciones anteriores, en
15 el sistema y en el método de tratamiento de gas licuado de acuerdo con la quinta realización de la presente invención, el BOG generado durante el transporte de carga (es decir, de GNL) en el metanero puede utilizarse como combustible del motor, o puede relicuarse, devolverse al tanque de carga y almacenarse en el mismo. Por lo tanto, puede reducirse o eliminarse una cantidad del BOG consumida en la GCU o similar. Además, el BOG puede tratarse por relicuado, sin instalar aparatos de relicuado que usan refrigerantes independientes tales como nitrógeno.
Incluso cuando el sistema y el método de tratamiento de gas licuado de acuerdo con la quinta realización de la presente invención se aplica a centrales (LNG FPSO, LNG FSRU, BMPP y similares) así como a buques (metaneros, LNG RV, y similares), el BOG generado por el tanque de carga que almacena el GNL puede utilizarse como combustible del motor (incluidos los motores para la generación de energía y los motores de propulsión) o
25 puede relicuarse, reduciendo o eliminando el desperdicio innecesario de BOG.
Además, en el sistema y en el método de tratamiento de gas licuado de acuerdo con la quinta realización de la presente invención, dado que no es necesario instalar aparatos de relicuado que usan refrigerantes independientes (es decir, ciclo de refrigeración de refrigerante de nitrógeno, ciclo de refrigeración de refrigerante mixto, o similares), las instalaciones para suministrar y almacenar los refrigerantes no necesitan instalarse por separado. En consecuencia, es posible ahorrar el coste de instalación inicial y el coste de operación para configurar todo el sistema.
La figura 13 es un diagrama de configuración que ilustra un sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado para un buque de 35 acuerdo con una sexta realización de la presente invención.
El sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado ilustrado en la figura 13 de acuerdo con la sexta realización de la presente invención se configura integrando el sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado ilustrado en la figura 1 de acuerdo con la primera realización (sistema híbrido que incluye la tubería a través de la que se comprime el GNL mediante la bomba de alta presión 120 y se suministra como combustible al sistema de propulsión, y la tubería a través de la que se comprime el BOG mediante el compresor 150 y se suministra como combustible al sistema de propulsión) y el sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado ilustrado en la figura 2 de acuerdo con la segunda realización.
Aunque no se ilustra, de acuerdo con la presente invención, es obvio que los sistemas de tratamiento de gas licuado 45 ilustrados en las figuras 3 a 13 de acuerdo con las realizaciones tercera a quinta también pueden integrarse con el sistema híbrido (véase L23, L24 y L25 de la figura 13) como se ilustra en la figura 13.
El sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado ilustrado en la figura 13 de acuerdo con la presente invención incluye un motor de inyección de gas natural a alta presión (por ejemplo, un motor ME-GI) como motor principal, y un motor DF (generador DF: DFDG) como motor secundario. En general, el motor principal se utiliza para la propulsión para hacer navegar el buque, y el motor secundario se utiliza para la generación de energía para suministrar energía a diversos aparatos e instalaciones instaladas en el buque. Sin embargo, la presente invención no se limita a los fines del motor principal y del motor secundario. Pueden instalarse una pluralidad de motores principales y una pluralidad de motores secundarios.
55 El sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado de acuerdo con la presente invención está configurado de manera que el gas natural almacenado en el tanque de carga 11 (es decir, el BOG de estado gaseoso y el GNL de estado líquido) pueda suministrarse como combustible a los motores (es decir, al motor ME-GI que sirve como motor principal y al motor DF que sirve como motor secundario).
Para suministrar el BOG de estado gaseoso como gas combustible, el sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado de acuerdo con la presente realización incluye una tubería principal de suministro de BOG L1 que sirve como tubería de suministro de BOG para suministrar al motor principal el BOG almacenado en el tanque de carga 11, y una tubería secundaria de suministro de BOG L8 ramificada desde la tubería principal de suministro de BOG L1 para suministrar 65 el BOG al motor secundario. La tubería principal de suministro de BOG L1 tiene la misma configuración que la tubería de suministro de BOG L1 de la realización anterior. Sin embargo, en la descripción dada con referencia a la
13
Mientras tanto, cuando se espera que se genere BOG excedente porque la cantidad de BOG generada por el tanque de carga 11 es mayor que la cantidad de combustible necesaria para el motor de inyección de gas natural a alta presión, el sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado de la presente invención puede relicuar el BOG y devolver el BOG relicuado al tanque de carga.
5 Cuando se genera BOG por encima de la capacidad de relicuado, el BOG que se ha comprimido o que se está comprimiendo por etapas en el compresor 13 puede dividirse a través de la tubería de ramificación de BOG L7 y puede utilizarse en los medios que consumen BOG. Los ejemplos de medios que consumen BOG pueden incluir una GCU y una turbina de gas, cada una de las cuales puede usar gas natural que tiene una presión relativamente más baja que el motor ME-GI como combustible. Como se ilustra en la figura 13, la tubería de ramificación de BOG L7 puede estar ramificada desde la tubería secundaria de suministro de BOG L8.
Dado que el proceso en el que al menos una parte del BOG comprimida en el compresor 13 y luego suministrada al motor de inyección de gas natural a alta presión a través de la tubería de suministro de BOG L1 se trata a través de 15 la tubería de retorno de BOG L3, es decir, se relicúa y se devuelve al tanque de carga 11, es idéntico al descrito con referencia a la figura 2, se omitirá una descripción detallada del mismo.
Aunque la figura 13 ilustra el ejemplo en el que la tubería de retorno de BOG L3 para suministrar el BOG comprimido al intercambiador de calor 21 está ramificada en el extremo posterior del compresor 13, la tubería de retorno de BOG L3 puede instalarse para dividir el BOG comprimido por etapas en el compresor 13, tal como la tubería de ramificación de BOG L7 descrita anteriormente y la tubería secundaria de suministro de BOG L8 que sirve como tubería de ramificación de BOG. La figura 3 ilustra una modificación en la que el BOG comprimido en 2 etapas se divide mediante dos cilindros, y la figura 4 ilustra una modificación en la que el BOG comprimido en 3 etapas se divide mediante tres cilindros. En este momento, la presión del BOG dividido desde la etapa intermedia del
25 compresor 13 puede ser aproximadamente de 6 a 10 bar.
En particular, en el caso de usar un compresor (fabricado por Burckhardt) que incluye cinco cilindros, en el que tres cilindros de la etapa delantera funcionan con un método de lubricación libre de y dos cilindros de la etapa posterior funcionan con un método de lubricación con aceite, el BOG debe transferirse al pasar a través de un filtro de aceite cuando el BOG se divide en la etapa posterior o en 4 etapas o más del compresor. Sin embargo, es ventajoso que no sea necesario utilizar el filtro de aceite cuando el BOG se divide en 3 etapas o menos del compresor.
En la tubería principal de suministro de GNL L23 se instalan una bomba de descarga 12 y una bomba de alta presión 43. La bomba de descarga 12 está instalada dentro del tanque de carga 11 y configurada para descargar el
35 GNL hacia el exterior del tanque de carga 11. La bomba de alta presión 43 está configurada para comprimir de forma secundaria el GNL, que se comprime principalmente en la bomba de descarga 12, a la presión necesaria para el motor ME-GI. La bomba de descarga 12 puede instalarse en cada tanque de carga 11. Aunque solo se ilustra una bomba de alta presión 43 en la figura 4, pueden conectarse en paralelo una pluralidad de bombas de alta presión cuando sea necesario.
Como se ha descrito anteriormente, la presión del gas combustible necesaria para el motor ME-GI es una alta presión de aproximadamente 150 a 400 bar (presión absoluta). En esta memoria descriptiva, debe considerarse que el término "alta presión" como se utiliza en el presente documento se refiere a la presión necesaria para el motor ME-GI, por ejemplo, una presión de aproximadamente 150 a 400 bar (presión absoluta).
45 El GNL descargado desde el tanque de carga 11, que almacena el gas licuado, a través de la bomba de descarga 12 se transfiere a lo largo de la tubería principal de suministro de GNL L23 y luego se suministra a la bomba de alta presión 43. Entonces, el GNL se comprime a alta presión en la bomba de alta presión 43, se suministra al vaporizador 44 y se vaporiza en el vaporizador 44. El GNL vaporizado se suministra como combustible al motor de inyección de gas natural a alta presión, es decir, al motor ME-GI. Dado que la presión necesaria para el motor ME-GI está en un estado supercrítico, el GNL comprimido a alta presión está un estado que no es ni líquido ni gaseoso. Por lo tanto, debe considerarse que la expresión "vaporizar el GNL comprimido a alta presión en el vaporizador 44" significa elevar la temperatura del GNL en estado supercrítico hasta la temperatura necesaria para el motor ME-GI.
55 La tubería secundaria de suministro de GNL L24 para suministrar el gas combustible al motor secundario (es decir, al motor DF) se ramifica desde la tubería principal de suministro de GNL L23. Más específicamente, la tubería secundaria de suministro de GNL L24 está ramificada desde la tubería principal de suministro de GNL L23 de manera que el GNL pueda dividirse antes de comprimirse en la bomba de alta presión 43.
Mientras tanto, en la figura 13, la tubería secundaria de suministro de GNL L24 se ilustra como ramificada desde la tubería principal de suministro de GNL L23 en el lado aguas arriba de la bomba de alta presión 43. Sin embargo, de acuerdo con la modificación, la tubería secundaria de suministro de GNL L24 puede estar ramificada desde la tubería principal de suministro de GNL L23 en el lado de aguas abajo de la bomba de alta presión 43. Sin embargo, 65 en el caso en el que la tubería de suministro de GNL L24 está ramificada desde el lado aguas abajo de la bomba de alta presión 43, puesto que la presión del GNL se ha elevado mediante la bomba de alta presión 43, es necesario
15
puede ahorrar costes de operación, así como el coste inicial de construcción naval.
Como se ilustra en la figura 13, cuando el sistema de tratamiento de gas licuado y el sistema de suministro de gas combustible híbrido se combinan de acuerdo con la realización de la presente invención, el BOG generado durante
5 el transporte de carga (es decir, de GNL) en el metanero puede utilizarse como combustible del motor, o puede relicuarse, devolverse al tanque de carga y almacenarse en el mismo. Por lo tanto, puede reducirse o eliminarse una cantidad de BOG consumida en la GCU o similar. Además, el BOG puede tratarse por relicuado, sin instalar aparatos de relicuado que usan refrigerantes independientes tales como nitrógeno.
10 De acuerdo con la presente realización, a pesar de la reciente tendencia en la que se aumenta la cantidad de generación de BOG debido a la mayor capacidad del tanque de carga y se reduce la cantidad necesaria de combustible debido al rendimiento mejorado del motor, el BOG restante después de utilizarse como combustible del motor, puede relicuarse y devolverse al tanque de carga, evitando así el desperdicio de BOG.
15 En particular, en el sistema y en el método de tratamiento de gas licuado de acuerdo con la presente realización, dado que no es necesario instalar aparatos de relicuado que usan refrigerantes independientes (es decir, ciclo de refrigeración de refrigerante de nitrógeno, ciclo de refrigeración de refrigerante mixto, o similar), las instalaciones para suministrar y almacenar los refrigerantes no necesitan instalarse por separado. En consecuencia, es posible ahorrar el coste de instalación inicial y el coste de operación para configurar todo el sistema.
20 Aunque las realizaciones de la presente invención se han descrito con referencia a las realizaciones específicas, para los expertos en la materia será evidente que pueden realizarse diversos cambios y modificaciones sin apartarse del espíritu y del alcance de la invención tal como se define en las siguientes reivindicaciones.
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