CN1842307A - 发出高强度光的发光电动牙刷 - Google Patents
发出高强度光的发光电动牙刷 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
包括发出光通量密度为至少约30mW/cm2的光的发光二极管的发光电动牙刷。具有该光通量密度水平的发光电动牙刷可产生如漂白这样的口腔护理有益效果。当在口腔内使用该牙刷时,由牙刷产生的热量保持足够低,使得牙齿表面的温度保持在约43℃以下。至少约30mW/cm2的光通量密度可由超功率驱动发光二极管、采用具有至少约两个小方块的发光二极管和给LED提供产生脉冲或非连续光的脉冲或非连续电流来实现。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及利用发光二极管,尤其是照亮刷洗区域的发光二极管的发光电动牙刷。更具体地讲,本发明涉及特定发光强度或光通量密度光的传递,该特定发光强度或光通量密度超过由通常使用的发光二极管所提供的发光强度或光通量密度。
发明背景
发光牙刷传统上一直是手动牙刷,在牙刷柄部上或柄部内设置有光,并通过光纤将光从牙刷的柄部传递到牙刷头部。然而,当光被传递时,由光纤所传递的光的发光强度和/或光通量密度经常发生衰减。因此,需要一种设置在牙刷头部内或头部上的光,使得该光的传递不需要光纤材料。另外,也需要有一种电动发光牙刷。
为了使光设置在牙刷头部上,特别是电动牙刷的头部上,应使尺寸最小化,以允许刷毛有足够的空间以及电动牙刷的机械结构有足够的空间。标准发光二极管的尺寸可能是适当的,但是这样的器件可能不能传递具有足够发光强度和/或光通量密度以提供口腔护理有益效果的光。高功率非标准发光二极管可能能够传递需要的发光强度和/或光通量密度。然而,高功率二极管使用高电流水平,因此发热水平高。在口腔内产生高水平的热量可能使牙齿内部组织腔过热,这可能导致牙髓炎或对口腔组织的其它伤害。因此,需要一种发光电动牙刷,其包括发出具有至少约7烛光的发光强度和/或至少约30mW/cm2的光通量密度的光的发光二极管,这样的二极管可在口腔中安全使用而不伤害牙齿和/或其它口腔表面。
发明概述
一种包括柄部、头部和在柄部与头部之间延伸的颈杆的发光电动牙刷。柄部具有中空内部区域,有马达设置在其中。头部包括刷毛和至少一个发光二极管。发光二极管由电流驱动,并且当检测器的距离为约0.68cm且检测器孔的面积为约0.46cm2时在典型牙齿表面具有大于约30mW/cm2的光通量密度。而且,在发射距离为约0.68cm且发射时间为约2分钟时,发光二极管的发射温度小于约43℃。发光电动牙刷具有一个或多个包括设置在头部的刷毛的活动刷毛载体;而且马达通过传动轴可操作地连接到活动刷毛载体。
在一个实施方案中,在典型牙齿表面所需要的光通量密度通过给发光二极管通入大于约35毫安的连续正向电流来实现。
在另一个实施方案中,在典型牙齿表面所需要的光通量密度通过在发光电动牙刷的头部设置一个包括至少两个小方块、一个透镜、一个正极和一个负极的发光二极管来实现。
在另一个实施方案中,在典型牙齿表面所需要的光通量密度通过给发光二极管通入脉冲或非连续正向电流来实现。
附图概述
本发明在某些部件和各部件的布置上可以采用其自然形式,其实施方案将在本说明书中详述,并且在构成本发明的一部分的附图中图示说明,并且其中:
图1为发光二极管的剖面图。
图2至2c为具有多个发光体且单个光输出的发光二极管的剖面图。
图3为本发明发光电动牙刷的透视图。
图4为图3所示电动牙刷的顶部平面视图。
图5为图3所示电动牙刷的横截面侧正视图。
图6为电动牙刷头部的横截面侧视图。
图6a为电动牙刷头部的横截面侧视图。
图7为本发明另一实施方案头部和颈杆的部分前正视图。
图8为本发明再一实施方案头部和颈杆的部分前正视图。
图9为本发明再一实施方案头部和颈杆的部分前正视图。
图10为本发明再一实施方案头部和颈杆的部分前正视图。
图11为本发明再一实施方案头部和颈杆的部分前正视图。
图12为本发明再一实施方案头部和颈杆的部分前正视图。
图13为本发明发光电动牙刷另一个实施方案的透视图,其中的牙刷包括可与柄部分开的头部和颈杆。
图14和15为图示说明将可更换的头部和颈杆安装到图11所示发光电动牙刷柄部或主体部分的部分侧正视图。
图16为适用于本发明的电路配置示意图。
图17为适用于本发明的发光二极管各种颜色光谱的分布曲线。
图18为适用于本发明发白光的发光二极管光谱分布曲线。
图19为图示说明适用于本发明的光辐射模式的曲线。
图20为图示说明发光二极管与被暴露在光线中的表面之间的空隙的几何形状的示意图。
图21为图示说明在特定的立体角内测量平均光强的试验方法的示意图。
图22为图示说明测量发光电动牙刷对牙齿表面温度的影响的试验方法的示意图。
实施方案详述
本文引用的所有印刷出版物、专利和专利申请均引入本文以供参考。通常,本发明涉及具有一个或多个设置在电动牙刷头部上或头部内的发光二极管(“LED”)的电动牙刷。更具体地讲,该电动牙刷用于个人卫生,以机动化的运动清洗个人的牙齿和牙龈,而LED照亮刷洗的区域,包括牙齿和/或牙龈。另外,LED可提供口腔护理的有益效果,例如使牙齿变白。
本文所用术语“光”旨在包括可见和不可见(例如,紫外和红外)光的光谱。有两个光的测量系统:辐射线测定和光度测定,其中辐射线测定是在3×1011Hz和3×1016Hz之间频率范围内的电磁辐射的测量,而光度测定是可由人眼探测的电磁辐射的测量。如本领域所知,辐射线测定的单位包括:能量(牛顿米或焦耳)、功率或辐射通量,即能量相对于时间的流动(焦耳/秒或瓦)、照度或光通量密度,即每单位面积上的功率(W/m2)、辐射强度,即每单位立体角的功率(瓦/球面度)和辐射率,即每单位立体角每单位投影面积上的功率(W/m2-球面度)。等价的光度学单位包括:功率或光通量(流明)和发光强度(流明/球面度或烛光)。光的另一将要讨论的特性是视角或半角。本文所述半角是峰值与在光束轴一侧发光强度是最大值的百分之五十的点之间夹角(单位为度)的两倍或者光束角的一半。本文后面将要讨论的另一个特性涉及LED在牙齿表面产生的热量或发射温度(摄氏度)。另外,由设置在发光电动牙刷头部的LED消耗的总电功率(功率消耗)将作为一种特性。虽然辐射线测定单位为优选,但是本文中为简单起见,单位可用辐射线测定单位或光度学单位中任意一个进行讨论。亮度可为以烛光(或流明/球面度)测量的发光强度,也可为以W/m2测量的光通量密度。
本文所述的所有试验方法均在发光电动牙刷以操作装置所需吸收的标准电流工作时进行,这时牙刷处于全负载启动状态,刷毛运动且LED发光。
以下将更详细地讨论本发明LED的特性。
A.在典型牙齿表面的光通量密度(“FDRT”)。
本试验的目的是表示投影到牙齿表面的辐射光通量密度,单位为W/m2。以瓦标定的检测器的检测器孔面积小于约3.14cm2、1.77cm2、1.54cm2、1.33cm2、1.23cm2、1.13cm2、1.04cm2、0.95cm2、0.87cm2、0.79cm2、0.70cm2、0.64cm2、0.50cm2和/或0.46cm2,和/或大于约0.28cm2、0.31cm2、0.32cm2、0.33cm2、0.38cm2、0.44cm2、0.46cm2和/或0.50cm2,而检测器孔直径为至少约0.60cm、0.63cm、0.64cm、0.70cm、0.76cm、0.80cm、0.90cm、0.95cm、1.00cm、1.05cm、1.10cm、1.15cm和/或1cm,和/或小于约2.0cm、1.50cm、1.40cm、1.30cm、1.25cm、1.20cm、1.15cm、1.10cm、1.00cm,而检测器孔与LED发光点的距离(“检测器距离”)大于约0.55cm、0.60cm、0.63cm、0.64cm、0.66cm、0.68cm、0.70cm、0.72cm、0.74cm、0.76cm、0.80cm、0.85cm、0.90cm和/或1.0cm,和/或小于约2.0cm、1.5cm、1.4cm、1.3cm、1.25cm、1.20cm、1.15cm、1.10cm、1.05cm和/或1.0cm。通常,检测器包含能提供所需要尺寸的检测器孔的虹膜。LED应面对检测器孔放置,而且LED的机械轴线应通过该检测器孔的中心。检测器测量在检测器处的辐射光通量(瓦)。检测器测量在整个检测器孔面积上的辐射光通量。因此,所得数量是辐射光通量的总值。FDRT是辐射光通量的总值除以帽盖1109(如图示说明LED与暴露于光线中的表面之间的几何关系的图20所示)的球面积。帽盖的球面积可由以下公式计算:
S=2πR(R-l)
式中:
S=帽盖的球面积
l=检测器距离
d=检测器孔面直径。
FDRT=总辐射光通量(瓦)/S该辐射光通量(瓦)除以帽盖的球面积,得到典型牙齿表面的光通量密度(W/m2)。一个适于测量FDRT的装置实施例包括由OptronicLaboratories,Inc.,Orlando,FL制造的OL 730CV辐射计/光度计。如图21所示,检测器距离“l”(以1200表示)是LED 1275的发光点1205与检测器1203的入口孔1201之间的距离。该检测器距离“l”(以1200表示)从LED 1275的发光点1205至检测器1203的检测器孔平面1201进行测量。
本发明发光电动牙刷的FDRT为至少约30W/cm2、35W/cm2、40W/cm2、45W/cm2、50W/cm2、55W/cm2、60W/cm2、70W/cm2和/或100mW/cm2,和/或小于约300W/cm2、250W/cm2、200W/cm2、150W/cm2和/或100mW/cm2,或者这些值的任何组合。当在口腔中单独使用或与其它口腔护理组合物一起使用时,据信包含单个以上述FDRT发光的LED的牙刷可产生使牙刷变白和其它口腔护理的有益效果。为达到这些口腔护理的有益效果,设置在牙刷头部的至少一个LED应该发出具有至少约30mW/cm2FDRT的光。具有更高FDRT的光也可产生使牙齿变白或其它口腔护理的有益效果,但是如果超过300mW/cm2,使用者可能需要采取安全措施以防止损伤口腔。
B.立体角内的百分比总光通量
在电动牙刷LED的一个实施方案中,LED总功率(瓦)的至少约75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、100%被包含在顶点位于LED中心至少约0、0.5、0.55、0.6、0.65、0.7、0.75、0.8、0.9、0.95和/或1球面度(“sr”),和/或小于约6.3、5.5、5、4.5、4、3.5、3、2.5、2、1.5、1.3、1.2、1.1和/或1sr的立体角内。顶点在LED发光点的立体角可用以下公式计算:
α=S/R2=2πh/R,
式中:
h=R-a和
α=立体角(sr)
S=帽盖的球面积
a=轴线距离
b=计量面积的直径这些计算类似于上述计算FDRT中所用的计算,而轴线距离和计量面积与检测器距离和检测器面积有类似的值,但是在计算立体角时,没有检测器出现。
图20表示LED在其中向暴露于光线中的表面发射光的空隙空间示意图。公式中的各要素表示于图20中,其中“α”为立体角(以1110表示),其顶点(以1111表示)在LED 1175的发光点1113。“a”(在图20中表示为1101)为LED的发射表面与暴露于从LED发出的光线中的表面之间的垂直距离(轴线距离),“b”(以1103表示)为包含LED的圆面积的直径,而“S”(以1109表示)为帽盖的球面积。“h”(以1105表示)等于“R”(以1107)减“a”(以1101表示)。“b”可为至少约0.60cm、0.63cm、0.64cm、0.65cm、0.70cm、0.76cm、0.80cm、0.90cm、0.95cm和/或1.00cm,和/或小于约2.0cm、1.50cm、1.40cm、1.30cm、1.25cm、1.20cm、1.15cm、1.10cm、1.05cm和/或1.00cm。“a”可为大于约0.55cm、0.60cm、0.63cm、0.64cm、0.66cm、0.68cm、0.70cm、0.72cm、0.74cm、0.76cm、0.80cm、0.85cm、0.90cm和/或1.00cm,和/或小于约2.0cm、1.50cm、1.40cm、1.30cm、1.25cm、1.20cm、1.15cm、1.10cm、1.05cm和/或1.00cm。
为确定立体角内的功率百分比,首先应测量从LED发出的总功率,然后应测量具体立体角区域内的功率。最后求出具体立体角内的百分比功率。从LED发出的总功率可由测角光度计法和/或集成球体法中任意一个来确定。测角光度计法允许以瓦为单位测量总辐射通量(当测角光度计以瓦进行标定时)。转动测角光度计的检测器以扫描围绕LED的球形区域表面。入射到表面每个单元dA上的部分通量dΦ代表一个总辐射通量:
E(θ,)=dΦ/dA它可被加权并求和以给出总辐射通量Φ的值。
测量从LED发出的总辐射通量的另一方法是采用集成球体(以瓦标定),将被测试的LED与具有类似空间和频谱功率分布的标准LED进行比较。如果不能得到理想的匹配标准,可计算颜色校正;但是空间功率差的校正更难于计算。很多集成球体的直径不大于10cm。因此,应将同型号的辅助LED插入集成球体,以允许校正应用于测试LED的自吸收。具有供检测器使用的两个入口和一个出口的球体应能工作。这两种方法均描述于International Commission of Illumination出版的CIE 127(1997)中,标题为“Measurement of LEDs”。
第二,测量具体立体角内的功率。为选择测量其中功率的立体角,应运用前述公式确定所需要立体角的轴线距离和计量面积的直径。轴线距离值对应于检测器距离值,而计量面积直径的值对应于检测器孔面积的值。当进行试验时,通过选择这些值,测量在所需要立体角内的功率。如果检测器已以瓦标定,那么所得结果为所需要立体角内的总辐射通量。
LED总辐射通量(在具体立体角内)的测量涉及以瓦标定的检测器,该检测器圆孔1201的面积小于约3.14cm2,1.77cm2,1.54cm2,1.33cm2,1.23cm2,1.13cm2,1.04cm2,0.95cm2,0.87cm2,0.79cm2,0.70cm2,0.64cm2,0.50cm2和/或0.46cm2,和/或大于约0.28cm2,0.31cm2,0.32cm2,0.33cm2,0.38cm2,0.44cm2,0.46cm2和/或0.50cm2,而检测器孔的直径为至少约0.60cm,0.63cm,0.64cm,0.70cm,0.76cm,0.80cm,0.90cm,0.95cm,1.00cm,1.05cm,1.10cm,1.15cm和/或1cm,和/或小于约2.0cm,1.50cm,1.40cm,1.30cm,1.25cm,1.20cm,1.15cm,1.10cm,1.00cm。LED应面对检测器孔1201放置,距LED 1275发光点1205的检测器距离1200为约0.55cm,0.60cm,0.63cm,0.64cm,0.66cm,0.68cm,0.70cm,0.72cm,0.74cm,0.76cm,0.80cm,0.85cm,0.90cm和/或1.00cm,和/或小于约2.0cm,1.50cm,1.40cm,1.30cm,1.25cm,1.20cm,1.15cm,1.10cm,1.05cm和/或1.00cm。LED的机械轴线应通过检测器孔的中心。
最后,在需要立体角内所发出光的百分比由以下公式计算:
在所需要立体角内的总辐射通量
/
总辐射通量
=在需要立体角内所发出光的百分比
C.半角和/或视角
确定发光电动牙刷是否发出具有期望特性的光的另一方法是检查LED的半角和/或视角。本文所述半角是峰值与在光束轴一侧发光强度是最大值的百分之五十的点之间夹角(单位为度)的两倍或者光束角的一半。该角也可称为视角。半角越小,光越集中。从LED发出的光越集中,达到期望的发光强度和/或FDRT所需要的光越少。光线越具有聚焦的角度,在照亮非优选方向即照亮刷毛区,所浪费的光越少。如果光照射在非优选方向,达到期望的发光强度或FDRT将需要更多的光,这常导致热量水平增加。从发光电动牙刷上散发的热量增加可导致对口腔内牙齿和组织的损伤。LED的半角
可为小于约50°,49°,48°,47°,46°,45°,44°,43°,42°,41°,40°,38°,36°,34°,32°,30°和/或28°,和/或大于约0°和/或5°。
D.发射温度
用一个在牙刷头部然后被放入口腔内以刷洗和/或护理牙齿的LED可将热和光引入口腔。光可被牙齿表面吸收,因此在牙齿表面产生附加的热量。如果在口腔内产生热量,牙齿内部组织腔可能增大,这会导致牙髓炎或对口腔的其它损伤。为避免引起口腔内的损伤,牙齿表面的温度应保持低于约43℃,40℃,39℃,38℃,37℃,36℃,34℃,30℃和/或25℃。如果牙齿表面的温度增加超过前述温度,牙齿内部组织腔可能过热,因此导致牙髓炎。因此,发光电动牙刷发出的光不应产生使牙齿表面的温度升高到大于约43℃,40℃,39℃,38℃,37℃,36℃,34℃,30℃和/或25℃的热量。在一个实施方案中,通过使用标准LED和给标准LED提供小于约200毫安(“mA”)的连续正向电流,使牙齿表面的温度保持在低于约43℃。
来自暴露于从发光电动牙刷发出的光线中而在牙齿表面产生的温度是“发射温度”。发射温度可用本领域所知的装置测量,例如热电偶1315(如图22所示)。适用于本试验方法的一种热电偶是由OmegaEngineering,Inc.制造的SC-GG-T-30-36热电偶。热电偶可连接到暴露于从LED发出的光线中的牙齿表面,优选采用粘合剂。适用于本试验方法的一种牙用粘合剂是由Dentsply制造的Lucitone 199。可供选择地,牙齿表面的温度可在暴露于光线中后测量,只要热电偶接触牙齿而且温度度数在结束暴露牙齿于光线中小于约10秒,9秒,8秒,7秒,6秒,5秒,4秒,3秒,2秒,1秒的测试时间完成。在结束暴露于光线中之后测量温度的一个方法是在测试时间期间通过使用标准棉签将热电偶贴附并保持在牙齿上以收集温度数据。另外,可使用一个将来自热电偶的数据转换为以度为单位的温度的单元1317;由Omega Engineering,Inc.制造的手持单元HH5-08适用于前述热电偶以将从热电偶接收的数据转换为以度为单位的温度。该试验在体外在标准抽样的人或牛牙齿1301样本上在32℃的培养器具内进行。试验在32℃的培养器具内进行以复现置于口腔内牙齿的正常底座温度。适于本试验的培养器具是购自JouanGroup of Companies的#51221122类的THELCO 3DG。牙齿置于铸铝台架1319内,该台架包括一片具有去除的空间以供放置牙齿的铸铝。该铸铝台架1319将牙齿1301连接到加热池1321。适用于本试验方法的加热池包括由Aavid Thermalloy制造的加热池11-5602-48 VIS#031608。可给加热池提供电源(未示出)。“发射距离”是在LED 1375的发光点1305与牙齿1301的表面之间的距离1303。发射距离1303可为距牙齿表面小于约3.14cm,1.77cm,1.54cm,1.33cm,1.23cm,1.13cm,1.04cm,0.95cm,0.87cm,0.79cm,0.70cm,0.64cm,0.50cm和/或0.46cm,和/或大于约0.28cm,0.31cm,0.32cm,0.33cm,0.38cm,0.44cm,0.46cm和/或0.50cm。LED 1375的发光点1305所放置的发射距离距牙齿1301的表面小于约3.14cm,1.77cm,1.54cm,1.33cm,1.23cm,1.13cm,1.04cm,0.95cm,0.87cm,0.79cm,0.70cm,0.64cm,0.50cm和/或0.46cm,和/或大于约0.28cm,0.31cm,0.32cm,0.33cm,0.38cm,0.44cm,0.46cm和/或0.50cm,而且发光电动牙刷1313被启动;因此使LED 1375和牙齿1301的照亮表面工作。然后将牙齿1301暴露于从LED 1375发出的光线中,暴露时间小于约15分钟,14分钟,13分钟,12分钟,11分钟,10分钟,9分钟,8分钟,7分钟,6分钟,5分钟,4分钟,3分钟,2分钟,1分钟和/或0分钟,而牙齿1301的温度由标准热电偶1315测量。热电偶可连接到分离的手持单元1317以将热电偶1315的度数转换为温度度数。发射温度不应超过约43℃,40℃,39℃,38℃,37℃,36℃,34℃,30℃和/或25℃。
E.功率消耗
另外,为避免由于产生过多的热量而对口腔的损伤,由设置在发光电动牙刷头部的LED消耗的总电功率(“功率消耗”)不应超过约2瓦,1.5瓦,1瓦,0.95瓦,0.9瓦,0.85瓦,0.8瓦,0.75瓦,0.7瓦,0.5瓦,0.4瓦,0.3瓦,0.2瓦,0.1瓦(“W”)。
F.本发明的实施例
在本发明包含标准LED的发光电动牙刷中,通过增加正向电流到超出制造商的推荐值(“超功率”)、在LED中包含多个发光体和/或使从LED发出的光为脉冲光或者这些方法的组合,可达到至少约7烛光的发光强度和/或至少约30mW/cm2的FDRT。LED超功率可能缩短其寿命。LED寿命的缩短量取决于用于给LED超功率的电流水平和LED的特性。但是,该缩短了的寿命仍然超过牙刷的使用所需要的寿命,因为牙刷是一次性和/或可更换的用品。在一个实施方案中,LED被置于牙刷上可更换的部分,因此如果需要可进行更换。
本文所用术语“光”旨在包括可见和不可见(例如,紫外和红外)光的光谱。该光谱可从优势波长或中心波长为约10nm的光(远紫外)延伸至中心波长为约106nm的光(红外),或者该光谱可包括中心波长在约370nm和约770nm之间的可见光。另外,该光谱可包括中心波长在约370和约500之间的可见光。本文所用术语“中心波长”是指代表光的感知颜色的波长。这可能与峰值波长不同,峰值波长是LED辐射强度最大的波长。对于LED,优势波长或中心波长可由以下公式确定:
对于连续光谱,和
对于离散光谱。
其中I是发光强度,而λ是波长。
这些公式在International Commission of Illumination出版标题为“Measurement of LEDs”的CIE 127(1997)中进一步说明。LED的光谱(例如,峰值波长)、光度(例如,发光强度)、辐射(例如,辐射强度)和色度(例如,优势波长)特性可用本领域所知的装置进行测量,例如由Orlando,FL的Optronic Laboratories,Inc.制造的OL 730CV辐射计/光度计。有些光可能不具有优势波长或中心波长(例如,白光)。
本发明发光电动牙刷包括的LED所发出的光具有至少约7,10,15,20,30和/或40,和/或小于约60,50,45和/或40烛光或它们的任意组合的发光强度,或者具有至少约30mW/cm2,35mW/cm2,40mW/cm2,45mW/cm2,50mW/cm2,55mW/cm2,60mW/cm2,70mW/cm2和/或100mW/cm2,和/或小于约300mW/cm2,250mW/cm2,200mW/cm2,150mW/cm2和/或100mW/cm2或它们的任意组合的FDRT。
发光电动牙刷的一个实施方案包括如图1所示的LED。图1表示LED封装11的横截面,包括透镜3、单个发光小方块5、引线接合7、正极21和负极9以及纵向轴线L。具有发光特性的各种类型半导体基质都可用于本发明权利要求保护的LED。具有发光特性的一种类型半导体基质是小方块。小方块是具有发光特性的单个半导体基质。应当考虑到,置于本发明发光电动牙刷头部的LED可包含具有发光特性的任何类型半导体基质,包括但不限于小方块,只要发光电动牙刷提供具有本文所述期望特性的光。LED的直径可为至少约0.5mm,1mm,2mm,3mm,4mm,5mm和/或6mm,和/或小于约5mm,10mm,15mm和/或20mm。
光可从LED发光点的很多表面发出。但是,简单起见,本文后面的所有从LED发光点和/或表面的距离测量都是参照半导体基质的前表面,例如小方块5的前表面。如果LED具有多个小方块,因而具有多个半导体基质的前表面,那么从LED发光点的距离应为从这些半导体基质前表面的距离的平均值。光从小方块的表面发出,并导入LED的透镜3。因此,要测量从半导体基质发光点的距离,应确定半导体基质发光单元的前表面。在发光电动牙刷的一个实施方案中,LED发光单元的前表面是小方块5的表面(如图1所示)。因此,该实施方案所有从发光表面的距离测量都从小方块5的前表面开始。
超功率LED产生期望的发光强度和/或FDRT,因为在极限内LED的发光强度和/或FDRT随输入的正向电流增加而增加。因此本发明发光电动牙刷所期望的发光强度和/或FDRT水平可通过给标准LED增加电流至超过制造商的推荐值来达到。将电流增大到制造商推荐最大值的两倍,发光强度和/或FDRT将几乎加倍,同时还得到发光电动牙刷的使用可接受的LED寿命。可用标准驱动器供给选择的电流水平以达到期望的发光强度和/或FDRT。适用于本发明的电压或电流驱动器是由英国Oldham的Zetex Semiconductors制造的ZXSC310单个或多个LED单元驱动器。达到期望的发光强度和/或FDRT的最小电流可能大于制造商推荐的连续工作最大电流,制造商推荐的连续工作最大电流的两倍,或制造商推荐的脉冲工作最大电流的三倍。在最大限度,电流可增加到使LED立即损坏的水平。本发明的一个实施方案包含一个提供期望发光强度和/或FDRT的标准LED,通过该LED的连续正向电流大于约35mA,40mA,45mA,50mA,55mA,60mA,65mA,70mA,75mA,80mA,90mA,100mA,150mA和/或200mA,和/或小于约700mA,600mA,500mA,400mA,300mA,250mA,200mA,150mA,100mA,90mA,80mA,75mA,70mA,65mA,60mA,55mA,50mA,45mA,40mA和/或35mA。在一个实施方案中,最小连续电流水平可为连续工作时的最大连续电流额定值,而最大连续电流水平可约为使LED立即损坏的电流。虽然发光强度和/或FDRT随着电流的增加而增大,但有一个该相关性程度失效的点,进一步增大电流不会导致发光强度和/或FDRT增大。这个确切的点取决于LED的特性和结构。另外,随着时间的进行以及当LED暴露于超过制造商推荐的电流时,发光强度和/或FDRT开始衰减。保持期望的发光强度和/或FDRT的一种方法包括,但不限于,进一步增加电流以保持相同的发光强度和/或FDRT。虽然为达到期望的发光强度和/或FDRT而增大了供给标准LED的电流,但是所用的电流还小于通常用于高功率非标准LED的电流。因此,由标准LED产生的热量不会使牙齿表面的温度升高超出约43℃。
稳定标准驱动器结构中的LED电流只能部分保持发光强度和/或FDRT随时间的稳定性,因为电流保持不变,但LED发生了衰减。但是,当LED衰减时可增加电流以保持相同水平的发光强度和/或FDRT。当LED衰减时,保持发光强度和/或FDRT恒定的一种方法是用一个内嵌的传感器测量从LED发出的发光强度和/或FDRT,并根据测量值调节电流。当LED衰减时调节电流产生一种发光电动牙刷,该牙刷一直以确定的发光强度和/或FDRT连续提供光。保持近似相同的发光强度和/或FDRT而不包括内嵌传感器的另一个方法是包括计时电路,当LED衰减时该电路随时间而增加供给LED的电流。这可通过简单的设计而保持近似稳定的发光强度和/或FDRT,附加费用最少。适用于本发明的电压或电流驱动器是由英国Oldham的Zetex Semiconductors制造的ZXSC310单个或多个LED单元驱动器。
图2表示通过包括如多个小方块这样的多个发光体而达到本发明发光电动牙刷中发光强度和/或FDRT水平的另一种方法。以下实施方案图示说明具有两个如小方块这样的发光半导体基质的LED,但是应当考虑到,LED可包含多个小方块。本发明的该实施方案15具有单个光线输出、透镜3和一个正极21与一个负极9。但是,该单个标准LED封装含有多个发光体和多个半导体基质,而且可具有多个电极。从光源发出的所有光线的组合在LED封装15的透镜3上产生单个光输出。单个LED封装15具有多个发光小方块5和17以及引线接合7和117。实施方案15表示小方块117之间的连接。该连接可为并联也可为串联。图2a表示串联的多个小方块。本发明的该实施方案15a具有单个光线输出、透镜3和一个正极9与一个负极27。但是,该单个标准LED封装含有多个小方块5和17,每个小方块具有单独的底座37和39。这些小方块具有串联连接,引线接合111连接小方块5的顶部与小方块17的底部,而引线接合113连接小方块17的顶部与负极27。从光源发出的所有光线的组合在LED封装15a的透镜3上产生单个光输出。图2b表示并联的多个小方块。本发明的该实施方案15b具有单个光线输出、透镜3和一个正极9与一个负极27。这些小方块具有并联连接,引线接合117连接小方块5的顶部与小方块17的顶部,而引线接合7连接小方块17的顶部与共用负极27的顶部。从光源发出的所有光线的组合在LED封装15b的透镜3上产生单个光输出。在该多小方块LED的另一个实施方案15c(如图2c所示)中,LED包含透镜3、两个半导体基质、以并联表示的小方块5和17、引线接合119和121、一个正极33和两个负极31与35。该LED也从单个光输出,透镜3发射光。每个小方块具有单独的底座37和39。也考虑到,LED可包含两个正极、一个负极;而且更进一步讲,该LED的实施方案可为串联连接。另外,LED可包含多个具有发光特性的半导体基质,而且LED可包含多个电极。LED可具有共用电极,或者每个具有发光特性的半导体基质具有单独的电极。另外,每个具有发光特性的半导体基质可由分离电源,例如电池,单独供电。
这些小方块可以并联或串联进行电气连接。当它们串联时,所有电流方面的考虑与单个小方块时相同。总电压将近似为n×Vi,其中n=小方块数,而Vi=单个小方块的正向电压。如果小方块为并联连接,那么总电流将近似为n×Ii,而总电压近似为单个小方块的电压。串联连接工作良好,因为它调节小方块之间的差别。当小方块串联连接时,它们自动调节其正向电压,因此它们的发光强度和/或FDRT变得非常接近。在任一种排列中,两个小方块LED的发光强度和/或FDRT约为1.6×Pi,其中Pi为单个小方块的发光强度和/或FDRT。三个小方块LED的发光强度和/或FDRT可为约2.26×Pi。(小方块之间的干涉可能影响通过乘以小方块数来计算发光强度和/或FDRT。)这些小方块可提供相同颜色的光或者它们可具有不同颜色的光。但是,如果每个单独的发光体发出相同的光,那么从那一个单个LED发出的那种颜色光的发光强度和/或FDRT大于发出一种颜色光的单个标准LED。每个单独的发光体可发出波长从约440nm至约480nm的光。单个LED也可包含发出不同颜色光的两个小方块,例如波长的选择范围为大于约370,380,390,400,425,440,450,475,480和/或小于约500纳米。也可以这样选择小方块,使得小方块发出同一颜色范围内不同波长的光;例如,小方块可发出产生蓝色的不同波长的光。另外,不同波长光在LED单个光输出(透镜)中的组合可产生提供口腔护理有益效果的具体颜色组合。例如,可将两种不同的组合物施加到牙齿上,其中每种对不同波长的光起反应。另外,不同波长的光可在口腔中引起不同的反应;一种波长的光可以杀菌,另一种波长的光可使牙齿变白。有些颜色难以由单种波长的光来实现;本发明可用于产生这些独特颜色之一的光。因此,不同颜色在单个光输出中的组合可产生不能单独由一个小方块来实现的颜色。因此,采用不同的颜色可产生一种或多种单色单波长不能实现的口腔护理有益效果。
达到本发明发光电动牙刷的发光强度和/或FDRT的再一种方法包括给LED提供非连续或脉冲电流,以产生脉冲或非连续的光。本发明的该实施方案包含一个提供期望发光强度和/或FDRT水平的标准LED,通过该LED的脉冲正向电流大于约100mA,125mA,150mA,175mA,200mA,225mA,250mA,275mA,300mA,325mA,350mA和/或375mA,和/或小于约900mA,800mA,700mA,600mA,500mA,400mA,375mA,350mA,325mA,300mA,275mA,250mA,225mA,200mA,175mA,150mA,125mA和/或100mA。在一个实施方案中,脉冲正向电流大于约脉冲工作时的最大额定电流,且小于约使LED立即损坏的电流。光脉冲的最小发光强度和/或FDRT可与连续光相同,而最大发光强度和/或FDRT为Pc/Q,其中Pc是连续光的发光强度和/或FDRT,Q是占空比。占空比等于脉冲持续时间除以脉冲周期。本发明的占空比为从约0.01,0.10,0.25,0.40和/或0.50至约0.50,0.600.75,0.80和/或0.99。光脉冲的频率可为约0.01Hz,1Hz,10Hz,100Hz,500Hz或1MHz至约1MHz,10MHz,100MHz,500MHz,1GHz或10GHz。LED脉冲工作的电流幅值可从约Imaxp至约10Imaxp,其中Imaxp是脉冲工作时最大额定电流的绝对值,或者为约Imax至约20Imap,其中Imax是连续工作时的最大额定电流。给LED供脉冲电流使得LED的功率消耗减小,因此延长了电池的寿命,同时也增加了光的亮度和/或发光强度和/或FDRT。电池寿命的改善和亮度的增加取决于LED的特性和结构。
在一个实施方案中,发光电动牙刷包括加长的主体部分或柄部、头部和在头部与柄部之间延伸的颈杆。在头部提供有一个或多个LED,优选靠近其上具有多根刷毛的一个或多个静止或活动的刷毛载体,在这些刷毛载体上和/或在这些刷毛载体内。刷毛可形成一组或多组刷毛束。
头部包括纵向轴线、一个或多个活动刷毛载体和可选择的一个或多个静止或固定刷毛载体。活动刷毛载体可进行转动、回旋、涡旋、摆动、线性往复或这些运动的任意组合。由本发明电动牙刷提供的运动类型种类很多。静止刷毛载体和设置在其上的静止刷毛排列也可有很多种类。例如,静止刷毛可部分或全部包围活动刷毛载体,或者可设置在活动刷毛载体之间的间隙内。适用于本发明的一些刷毛载体运动和刷毛排列的实施例在以下专利中说明:US 20030126699;US 20030084525;US 20030084524;US20030084526;和WO 03/063723;WO 03/063722。刷毛可由常规非弹性材料制成,例如聚乙烯,或者可由弹性材料制成,例如天然或合成橡胶、聚烯烃、聚醚酰胺、聚酯、聚苯乙烯聚合物、聚氨酯等,或者这些材料的组合。
柄部具有中空部分,可操作地与活动刷毛载体相连接的马达设置在其中。马达可操作地与活动刷毛载体相连接,这时马达的一些动作引起活动刷毛载体的响应。轴可从马达穿过颈杆伸入头部的至少一部分。为了给活动刷毛载体提供一种或多种运动,当被马达驱动时该轴可旋转、摆动、线性往复、涡旋、振动或绕轨道运动。为了传递运动,可在马达与轴之间或者轴与活动刷毛载体之间提供齿轮排列。示例性的轴和/或齿轮排列在USPNs 6,360,395和5,617,601以及本文引用的其它专利和专利出版物中有表示。柄部也有电源置于其中,例如一个或多个电池,以给马达和LED供电。可供选择地,电动牙刷可连接到外部电源,以给马达供电。启动马达和/或LED的开关设置在柄部。每当马达被启动时,LED被供电。但是,牙刷也可具有多个开关,以启动LED和/或活动刷毛载体。
图3表示本发明的发光电动牙刷10。电动牙刷可用于个人卫生,例如刷洗个人的牙齿和牙龈。如图3所示,电动牙刷包括柄部12、抓握部分70和连接到柄部12的颈杆14。头部16连接到颈杆14。典型地,头部大于颈杆14,颈杆也典型小于柄部12。
现参照图4,牙刷10包括头部16、纵向轴线19、柄部12、颈杆14、抓握区域72、开关52、活动刷毛载体20和具有刷毛26设置在其上的静止刷毛载体22。静止刷毛载体22位于活动刷毛载体20的对面。活动刷毛载体20位于头部16的中心。虽然可提供前述的其它运动,活动刷毛载体优选绕近似垂直于头部16纵向轴线19的轴线摆动。如图5所示,柄部12还包括中空部分30,它遮盖马达32。马达32通过旋转轴44带动活动刷毛载体20。齿轮排列在轴44和马达32之间可操作地互相连接。齿轮排列包括蜗杆40和一对阶梯齿轮42、43。马达32可操作地连接到蜗杆40。阶梯齿轮42可操作地连接到阶梯齿轮43和蜗杆40。所提供的LED 75设置在活动刷毛载体20的内部。LED75安装或固定到活动刷毛载体20上,使得LED 75随活动刷毛载体20运动。如图6所示,通过使用一对滑动接触沿活动刷毛载体20的下侧划定的专用接触部分的电接触器76和77给LED 75供电。在开关和电源与接触器76和77之间可提供有导线(未示出),以将电从电源导入LED。导线可从柄部12通过颈杆14而至头部16。优选地,导线靠近颈杆14的内壁布置,使得它们不干涉轴44的运动。可供选择地,导线可嵌入颈杆14内。
应当考虑到,圆形导电接触区80和82可沿活动刷毛载体20的外部提供,该区域可与提供在头部内的一对固定接触器76和77电气连通。导电接触区80和82通过非导体材料互相绝缘。电极84和86可从导电接触区提供到LED。图4表示设置在活动刷毛载体20上或内的LED 75。在该实施方案中,LED固定连接到活动刷毛载体20上,因此随刷毛载体运动。虽然根据需要可伸出顶面23,但是优选地,LED的顶端与活动刷毛载体20的顶面23齐平。在静止刷毛载体22内或上可提供附加的LED。图6a表示连接到立柱91的静止LED 75,立柱是静止的并在牙刷的93固定到头部95。活动刷毛载体97绕静止LED摆动或旋转。正极87和负极89可从LED 75经立柱91然后沿牙刷头部95的长度到达电源(未示出)。
在另一个实施方案中,LED 75设置在伸过活动刷毛载体320的孔88内,这在如图7所示的实施方案300中得到最好的表示,这样使得LED静止且活动刷毛载体320绕静止的LED 75摆动或旋转。在该实施方案中,LED 75固定到头部316。LED 75可部分伸过孔88,或者可将它设置在活动刷毛载体320的下表面之下,使得它被完全包含在头部316之内。LED 75的中心线或轴线也可为活动刷毛载体320旋转或摆动的轴线。颈杆314在头部316和柄部(未示出)之间延伸。头部316还包含静止刷毛322。
在上述每个施方案中,LED设置在活动和/或静止刷毛载体内、上、下或直接与其相邻,使光线尽可能有效地被引入刷洗区域。另外,LED的优选排列使得光发射的主方向通常垂直于刷毛载体的顶面和/或通常平行于刷毛载体上的刷毛方向。换句话讲,LED的优选排列使得LED的中心线90通常垂直于头部和/或刷毛载体的顶面,这在图6中得到最好的表示。中心线90典型穿过透镜92或LED的孔。当LED设置在活动和/或静止刷毛载体内、上或下时,绕LED中心线90的圆柱形区域或体积可基本没有刷毛。这个基本没有刷毛的区域可较大和/或较小,这取决于牙刷头部的尺寸和/或在围绕LED的区域内所去除的刷毛数量。基本没有刷毛的区域可大于约0.55cm,0.60cm,0.63cm,0.64cm,0.66cm,0.68cm,0.70cm,0.72cm,0.74cm,0.76cm,0.80cm,0.85cm,0.90cm和/或1.0cm,和/或小于约2.0cm,1.5cm,1.4cm,1.3cm,1.25cm,1.20cm,1.15cm,1.10cm,1.05cm和/或1.0cm。但是,活动刷毛载体还优选具有至少一圈围绕LED的刷毛,如图7中实施例的方式所示。但是可提供附加的刷毛束或内圈刷毛束。
再次参见图5,提供有开关50以控制发光电动牙刷的操作,并可操作地与马达32相连接。也配置开关50以操作牙刷的一个或多个LED。这样的操作优选为瞬间的或连续的。当开关50闭合时,在提供于柄部12中空部分30内的标准电池60与马达和LED75之间包括导线54形成闭合电路。
在牙刷400的实施方案中,LED 75可设置在头部416上,使得它在静止刷毛载体422和活动刷毛载体420之间,而且不与活动刷毛载体的旋转/摆动轴线对齐,如图8中实施例的方式所示,为清洗起见,其中刷毛已被去除。头部416通过颈杆414连接到柄部(未示出)。
图9至12表示发光电动牙刷的其它头部、刷毛载体和刷毛构型,它们都包含一个或多个LED。图9表示头部516和颈杆514。应当理解,颈杆514在牙刷的头部516和柄部(未示出)之间延伸。在头部516上设置的是单个活动刷毛载体520,其上设置有多根刷毛束532。LED575设置在第二刷毛载体522上。图10表示本发明的另一个头部616,其上设置有多根刷毛632。头部616包含单个刷毛载体620,其中设置有LED 675。颈杆614在头部616和柄部(未示出)之间延伸。图11表示再一个头部716,其上设置有具有刷毛732的单个刷毛载体720。LED 775靠近在头部716上的刷毛载体720设置。但是LED 775不设置在刷毛载体上。图12表示再一种头部816,它具有活动的第一刷毛载体820和固定或静止的第二刷毛载体822。两个刷毛载体上均设置有LED 875。第一刷毛载体820上设置有多个环绕LED 875的刷毛束832,而第二刷毛载体822上设置有多个环绕LED 875的刷毛束834。颈杆814在头部816和柄部(未示出)之间延伸。
如图13所示,发光电动牙刷1010的一个实施方案具有头部1016、颈杆1014和柄部1012。设置在头部1016上的是LED 1075。颈杆和柄部在1015可拆卸地连接,并包含用于它们物理连接和在LED与电源之间建立电气连通的相应结构。现参见图14和15,头部1016还包括活动刷毛载体1020和静止刷毛载体1022。设置在静止刷毛载体1022上的是LED 1075。
颈杆1017在接头1015与柄部1012分离。颈杆1017具有两个小销轴或突起1036[如虚线所示],它们位于颈杆端部1032的内侧。小突起的尺寸使其能嵌入L形槽1042内,该槽位于柄部1012的配合端部1040上。L形槽1042的宽度稍大于小突起的宽度,使L形槽可容纳小突起。L形槽的深度约等于小突起的高度,使L形槽可容纳小突起。
在将头部和颈杆连接到柄部上时,使用者将小突起与L形槽的顶面1044对齐。使用者向下推压头部1016,使小突起与L形槽1042的底面1046接触。当小突起接触L形槽的底面1046时,使用者将头部1016和/或颈杆1017相对于柄部1012转动约90度,以将头部锁入位置,如图14和15所示。每个突起的顶面被锁在每个L形槽1042的顶面之下。因此,使用者在协同销轴和导向狭槽上施加压扭作用,以将头部放入柄部上完全连接的位置,并实现两者之间接合的锁紧。
沿颈杆与柄部的配合区域提供有一个或多个电接触器,以提供两者之间可拆卸的电气联接。
图16表示本发明电气配置的示意图。在该配置中,LED 75和马达32通过开关50和电源60同时供电或启动。由于包含有LED,而且由电池提供的功率可能超过LED的需要,因此希望包括一个标准的电压或电流驱动器94,尽管输入电压或电流的变化,该驱动器可给LED提供恒定的电压或电流输出,特别是当电池的电压或电流输出随时间趋于减小时。虽然图16所示的示意图是一个实施方案,也可提供其它的配置。例如,可提供分离的开关以分别启动LED和马达。可提供多个LED。可提供具有不同光谱、光度、辐射和色度特性(例如,不同的优势波长、峰值波长、辐射功率等)的LED,以满足单个电动牙刷的多种用途。这也可由具有多个小方块(如图2-2b所示)的LED来实现。
图17和18表示用于本文所述电动牙刷的市售LED发光单元不同颜色的光谱分布。这些光谱分布曲线是关于LuxeonTM 1-瓦反射器LED的,但是这些分布模式可由其它发光单元来实现。具体地讲,图17是LED各种颜色的相对光谱能量分布曲线。图17表示品蓝色、蓝色、青色、绿色、琥珀色、桔红色和红色。图18是白色LED的相对光谱能量分布。
对于牙齿漂白以及其它应用,常期望利用提供辐射功率基本均匀分布的LED,使得每个牙齿在其表面接收到基本等量的辐射功率。因此,本发明牙刷的实施方案包括具有兰伯特或铃形模式的光辐射模式,例如在图19中的实施例的方法所示。也可利用其它辐射模式,例如蝙蝠翼模式。但是,如上所述,LED可提供本发明所述的宽种类光辐射模式。
可排列刷毛载体上的刷毛,使其与从LED发出的光干涉最小。刷毛高度可为至少约0.5cm,0.6cm,0.7cm,0.8cm,0.9cm和/或1.0cm,和/或小于约2.0cm,1.5cm,1.4cm,1.3cm,1.2cm,1.1cm和/或1.0cm。但是应考虑到,本发明的牙刷可利用与从LED发出的光相互作用的刷毛排列或材料。例如,紧邻LED的刷毛和/或刷毛载体的顶面可包括反射镀层,例如镍或铬,以辅助将光从头部导向牙齿表面。可供选择地,靠近LED的刷毛可由透明或半透明的材料形成,以进一步促进光向刷洗区域的传递。刷毛也可为有色的、被着色或染色,以基本与从LED发出光的颜色匹配。这样,刷毛不会吸收,但会反射从LED发出的光。另外,可利用反射性保护层辅助将光导向LED周围或附近的牙齿或牙龈表面。
如本文前面所述,具有LED牙刷的实施方案可与漂白组合物一起使用以使牙齿变白,而且具体地讲,通过在漂白组合物施用前、施用过程中或施用后任一阶段照射刷洗区域,以增强或加速组合物的漂白作用。可提供包括发光电动牙刷和包含过氧化物的组合物的套件。
有机化合物的颜色通常取决于发色团,发色团是可进行π电子转移的不饱和团。光可激发色斑发色团(进行电子转移),并减小激活能量屏障,使它们更容易由漂白攻击。换句话讲,色体经过光的激活可增强过氧化物漂白。类似地,由于光处理产生更快更好的漂白,色斑发色团变得更容易磨蚀漂白。漂白剂渗入牙釉质和牙质内的孔中,因此外部和内部的色斑均可被降解和退去。
宽种类的牙齿漂白组合物可与本文所述电动牙刷组合使用。牙齿漂白组合物可含有漂白剂,研磨剂、pH调节剂或任何其它通过机械或化学作用与牙齿发色团发生作用的制剂或它们的组合。牙齿漂白组合物可以溶液、糊剂、凝胶、粘稠液体、固体或其它适合的形式提供。说明性的漂白剂包括氧基或氢基衍生化合物,例如金属离子自由过氧化物、有机过氧化物和金属离子包含过氧化物。漂白剂的具体非限制实施例包括过氧化物、金属亚氯酸盐、过硼酸盐、过碳酸盐、过氧酸、过硫酸盐、现场形成前述化合物的化合物以及它们的组合。合适的过氧化物包括过氧化氢、过氧化脲、过氧化钙、过氧化氢脲,以及它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,漂白剂为尿素过氧化物。合适的金属亚氯酸盐包括亚氯酸钙、亚氯酸钡、亚氯酸镁、亚氯酸锂、亚氯酸钠、亚氯酸钾和它们的混合物。另外的漂白剂也包括次氯酸盐和二氧化氯。在一个实施方案中,漂白剂选自亚氯酸钠、过氧化物、过碳酸钠、过硫酸氢钾和它们的混合物。初始漂白剂可为水溶液或固体材料。
漂白剂在漂白组合物中的含量可变化。例如,基于牙齿漂白组合物的总量,漂白剂可以约0.5至约60的重量百分比含量出现。如果过氧化氢为漂白剂,根据一个特别的实施例,基于牙齿漂白组合物的总量,它可以约0.5至约40的重量百分比出现,特别是约7至约15的重量百分比。如果尿素过氧化物,根据一个特别的实施例,基于牙齿漂白组合物的总量,它可以约10至约60的重量百分比出现。典型地,在组合物与牙齿接触时施加LED的辐射能,但是可在牙齿漂白组合物施用前或后施加。
发光电动牙刷可作为一个套件包装,包括一个或多个包含LED的可更换头部。虽然作为优选的电池供电对柄部进行了讨论,本发明也包括其它熟知的电源,例如捆绑出口连接或可充电电池以及相关的刷架/充电器(未示出)。
如上所述,发光电动牙刷的各种实施方案可与漂白组合物组合使用。漂白牙齿的典型方法如下。在获得发光电动牙刷和组合物之后,将组合物施加到要进行漂白的牙齿表面。优选地,通过将有效含量的组合物沉积到牙刷的刷毛载体上来进行这样的施用,然后将该组合物施加到需要漂白的表面上。通常,后一步象刷牙一样进行。可供选择地,可用涂敷器带将牙齿漂白组合物刷敷、涂敷或施加到牙齿上。然后启动牙刷的发光单元,将发出的光导向所施用的组合物。应当理解,本发明的各种漂白技术包括变体策略,在这些策略中,在将组合物施加到牙齿表面之前、过程中或之后将光导向牙齿表面。优选地,在光连续照射被施用到需要牙齿表面的组合物时进行刷洗操作。
该漂白方法仅是示例性的。本发明包括宽种类的漂白技术。另外,应当考虑到,在漂白操作之前、过程中或之后可进行常规刷洗操作。
以上参考多个实施方案对本发明进行了描述。很显然,在阅读和理解本说明书后可对其进行修改和改变。例如,任意数量的刷毛载体和刷毛模式可与多个LED一起用于本发明。因此,本发明的各种修改及变化只要在所附权利要求书或其等同物范围内,均应涵盖在本发明内。
Claims (10)
1.一种发光电动牙刷(10,400,1010),所述电动牙刷包括:
(a)柄部(12,1012)、头部(16,316,416,516,616,716,816,1016)和在所述柄部和所述头部之间延伸的颈杆(14,314,414,514,814,1014),所述柄部具有中空内部区域(30),所述头部具有设置于其上的刷毛(632,732,832,834),并且所述电动牙刷具有纵向轴线(19);
(b)至少一个设置在所述头部上的发光二极管(75,575,675,775,875,1075),其中所述发光二极管由电流驱动;
(c)设置在所述头部上的一个或多个活动刷毛载体(20,320,420,520,820,1020),所述活动刷毛载体具有多个设置于其上的刷毛;和
(d)设置在所述中空内部区域中的马达,其中所述马达(32)通过传动轴(44)可操作地连接到所述活动刷毛载体。
2.如权利要求1所述的发光电动牙刷,其中当检测器距离(1200)为0.68cm且检测器孔(1201)的面积为0.46cm2时,所述光通量密度介于30mW/cm2和300mW/cm2之间,并且其中当发射距离(1303)为0.68cm且发射时间为2分钟时,所述发光二极管具有的发射温度小于43℃。
3.如前述任一项权利要求所述的发光电动牙刷,其中所述发光二极管的功率消耗小于1瓦。
4.如前述任一项权利要求所述的发光电动牙刷,其中一个发光二极管发射半角小于50°的光。
5.如前述任一项权利要求所述的发光电动牙刷,其中所述牙刷还包括一个电流驱动器(94),所述电流驱动器将大于35mA的电流递送给所述发光二极管,并且其中所述马达、所述驱动器和所述电池以及所述发光二极管均为电路的一部分。
6.如权利要求1所述的发光电动牙刷,其中所述电流为大于35mA的连续正向电流。
7.如权利要求1所述的发光电动牙刷,其中所述电流为大于100mA的脉冲正向电流。
8.如前述任一项权利要求所述的发光电动牙刷,其中所述发光二极管基本上被一圈刷毛环绕。
9.如前述任一项权利要求所述的发光电动牙刷,其中所述发光二极管包括至少两个具有发光特性的半导体基质(5,17)和一个共用透镜(3)。
10.如前述任一项权利要求所述的发光电动牙刷,其中所述发光二极管发射波长为440nm至480nm的光。
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-
2004
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- 2004-05-17 US US10/847,429 patent/US7845039B2/en active Active
- 2004-09-09 CN CNA2004800245817A patent/CN1842306A/zh active Pending
- 2004-09-09 CN CN2004800245253A patent/CN1842303B/zh active Active
- 2004-09-09 CN CNA2004800245342A patent/CN1842304A/zh active Pending
- 2004-09-09 CN CN2004800245357A patent/CN1842305B/zh active Active
- 2004-09-09 CN CNA2004800246025A patent/CN1842307A/zh active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-08-15 US US11/893,338 patent/US20070298371A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-15 US US11/893,339 patent/US20070298372A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-15 US US11/893,337 patent/US20070298370A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102379751A (zh) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-03-21 | 吴江诚达电子科技有限公司 | 一种电动牙刷 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050050658A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
US20070298371A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
CN1842304A (zh) | 2006-10-04 |
US20070298370A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
CN1842306A (zh) | 2006-10-04 |
CN1842305A (zh) | 2006-10-04 |
US20050053895A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
US7845039B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
US20070298372A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
CN1842303A (zh) | 2006-10-04 |
CN1842303B (zh) | 2010-09-01 |
CN1842305B (zh) | 2012-03-21 |
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