CN1742066B - 抛光含硅电介质的方法 - Google Patents
抛光含硅电介质的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1742066B CN1742066B CN200480002763.4A CN200480002763A CN1742066B CN 1742066 B CN1742066 B CN 1742066B CN 200480002763 A CN200480002763 A CN 200480002763A CN 1742066 B CN1742066 B CN 1742066B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polishing
- acid
- substrate
- additive
- carboxylic acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 207
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- -1 heterocyclic amine Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical group [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- NEAQRZUHTPSBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-nitro-4h-isoquinolin-1-one Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C(=O)N(O)C(C)(C)CC2=C1 NEAQRZUHTPSBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical class SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthranilic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940125717 barbiturate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Picolinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinedicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- ZMCHBSMFKQYNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O ZMCHBSMFKQYNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
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- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
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- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 34
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- BRARRAHGNDUELT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypicolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=NC=CC=C1O BRARRAHGNDUELT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910004013 NO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LJOODBDWMQKMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1CCCCC1 LJOODBDWMQKMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FPIQZBQZKBKLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 1-[[2-chloroethyl(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino]cyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound ClCCN(N=O)C(=O)NC1(C(=O)OCC)CCCCC1 FPIQZBQZKBKLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 3
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C19/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by mechanical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及抛光含硅介电层的方法,包括使用含有下列物质的化学-机械抛光体系:(a)无机研磨剂、(b)抛光添加剂、和(c)液体载体,其中该抛光组合物的pH值为约4-约6。该抛光添加剂含有pKa为约3-约9的官能团并选自芳基胺、氨基醇、脂族胺、杂环胺、氧肟酸、氨基羧酸、环状一元羧酸、不饱和一元羧酸、取代酚、磺酰胺、硫醇、其盐、及其组合。本发明进一步涉及化学-机械抛光体系,其中该无机研磨剂为氧化铈。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抛光含硅电介质衬底的方法。
背景技术
用于平面化或抛光衬底平面的组合物和方法是本领域公知的。抛光组合物(也称作抛光浆液)一般在水溶液中含有研磨材料并通过将该表面与充满抛光组合物的抛光垫相接触而涂覆到表面上。研磨材料一般包括二氧化硅、氧化铈、氧化铝、氧化锆、和氧化锡。美国专利5,527,423,例如,描述了一种通过将表面与在含水介质中含有高纯度微细金属氧化物颗粒的抛光浆液相接触来化学-机械抛光金属层的方法。该抛光浆液一般与抛光垫(例如,抛光布或抛光盘)共同使用。适宜的抛光垫描述在美国专利6,062,968、6,117,000、和6,126,532中,其公开了具有开孔多孔网络的烧结聚氨酯抛光垫的应用,和美国专利5,489,233,其公开了具有表面组织或图样的固体抛光垫的应用。可选择地,可将该研磨材料引入抛光垫中。美国专利5,958,794公开了固定的研磨抛光垫。
常规抛光体系和抛光方法一般不能完全满足使半导体晶片平面化。具体地说,抛光组合物和抛光垫可具有低于期望的抛光率或抛光选择性,且它们在化学-机械抛光半导体表面中的应用可以导致差的表面质量。由于半导体晶片的性能直接与其表面的平面度有关,使用能够导致高抛光效率、选择性、均匀性、和去除率并获得具有最小表面缺陷的高质量抛光的抛光组合物和方法是至关重要的。
产生用于半导体晶片的有效抛光体系的困难在于半导体晶片的复杂性。半导体晶片一般由在其上形成许多晶体管的衬底组成。通过衬底中的图样区和衬底上的各层,将集成电路化学和物理地连接进衬底。为了生产可操作的半导体晶片并使晶片的产率、性能、和可靠性最大化,期望抛光晶片的选择表面,而不对下层结构或外形产生不利影响。实际上,如果不在充分平面化的晶片表面上进行这些处理步骤,可以出现半导体制造中的各种问题。
一般地,用于抛光介电材料的抛光组合物要求碱性pH值,以获得充分的电介质去除率。例如,美国专利4,169,337、4,462,188、和4,867,757公开了用于去除二氧化硅的抛光组合物,其包括碱性pH值的二氧化硅研磨剂。类似地,WO00/25984、WO01/56070、和WO02/01620公开了用于浅沟槽隔离(STI)抛光的抛光组合物,其含有碱性pH值的热解二氧化硅。EP853110A1公开了pH值为11-13的抛光组合物,据称其提高了STI抛光的选择性。美国专利申请公开2001/0051433A1公开了用于电介质化学-机械抛光(CMP)的抛光组合物,其含有pH值为7或更大的热解二氧化硅和铯盐。虽然这种碱性抛光组合物能够有效地去除二氧化硅介电材料,但其对于既含有二氧化硅又含有氮化硅层的衬底(例如STI衬底)提供差的选择性。使用螯合酸性添加剂以改善STI抛光的选择性是本领域已知的。例如,美国专利5,738,800、6,042,741、6,132,637、和6,218,305公开了含酸络合剂在含有研磨剂(例如,氧化铈或二氧化硅)的抛光组合物中的应用。美国专利5,614,444公开了化学酸性添加剂的应用,该化学酸性添加剂含有阴离子、阳离子、或非离子极性基团和非极性有机组分,从而抑制介电材料的去除。EP1061111A1公开了用于STI抛光的抛光组合物,其含有氧化铈研磨剂和包含羧酸或磺酸基团的有机化合物。
然而,仍需要在介电衬底的抛光和平面化期间,表现出期望的平面化效率、选择性、均匀性、和去除率,同时在抛光和平面化期间,使缺陷(例如表面缺陷和对下层结构和外形的损伤)最小化的抛光体系和抛光方法。本发明提供了这种化学-机械抛光体系和方法。根据在此提供的本发明的描述,本发明的这些和其它优势将变得明晰。
发明内容
本发明提供一种抛光衬底的方法,包括(i)将含有含硅介电层的衬底与化学-机械抛光体系相接触和(ii)研磨至少一部分含硅介电层以抛光该衬底。该化学-机械抛光体系含有(a)无机研磨剂,(b)具有pKa为约3-约9的官能团的抛光添加剂,和(c)液体载体。该抛光添加剂是选自芳基胺、氨基醇、脂族胺、杂环胺、氧肟酸、氨基羧酸、环状一元羧酸、不饱和一元羧酸、取代酚、磺酰胺、硫醇、其盐、及其组合的化合物。该抛光组合物的pH值为约7或更小且不含有显著量的与无机研磨剂颗粒静电缔合的交联聚合物研磨剂颗粒。该官能团期望选自胺、羧酸、醇、硫醇、磺酰胺、酰亚胺、氧肟酸、巴比妥酸、其盐、及其组合。
本发明进一步提供一种化学-机械抛光组合物,包括(a)平均粒度为约150nm或更小的氧化铈研磨剂,(b)具有pKa为约3-约9的官能团的抛光添加剂,其中该抛光添加剂是选自芳基胺、氨基醇、脂族胺、杂环胺、氧肟酸、氨基羧酸、环状一元羧酸、不饱和一元羧酸、取代酚、磺酰胺、硫醇、其盐、及其组合的化合物,和(c)液体载体。该化学-机械抛光组合物的pH值为约3-约6。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种化学-机械抛光(CMP)体系,其包括(a)研磨剂,(b)具有pKa为约3-约9的官能团的抛光添加剂,和(c)液体载体,及涉及使用该CMP体系抛光含有含硅介电层的衬底的方法。
在此公开的该CMP体系含有无机研磨剂。该无机研磨剂可以为任何适宜的形式(例如,研磨剂颗粒)且可以悬浮在液体载体中或可以固定在抛光垫的抛光表面上。该抛光垫可以为任何适宜的抛光垫。该抛光添加剂和悬浮在液体载体中的任何其它组分(例如,研磨剂)形成该CMP体系的抛光组合物。
在第一个实施方式中,该无机研磨剂可以为任何适宜的无机研磨剂。例如,该无机研磨剂可以为金属氧化物研磨剂,其选自氧化铝(例如,α-氧化铝、γ-氧化铝、δ-氧化铝、和热解氧化铝)、二氧化硅(例如,胶体分散缩聚二氧化硅、沉淀二氧化硅、和热解二氧化硅)、氧化铈、二氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铬、氧化铁、氧化锗、氧化镁、其共形成产物、及其组合。该无机研磨剂还可以为碳化硅、氮化硼,等。金属氧化物研磨剂任选地可以由带反向电荷的聚电解质进行静电涂覆,例如,聚电解质-涂覆氧化铝研磨剂(如聚苯乙烯磺酸-涂覆氧化铝)。该CMP体系不含有任何显著量的与无机研磨剂颗粒静电缔合的交联聚合物研磨剂颗粒。交联聚合物研磨剂的引入可以降低总抛光去除率。因而,在CMP体系中存在的交联聚合物研磨剂颗粒的量应充分低,从而不对无机研磨剂的抛光特性产生干扰。优选,该CMP体系含有的交联聚合物颗粒的量小于无机颗粒的量的约10重量%(例如,小于约5重量%或小于约1重量%)。优选该CMP体系不含有任何与无机研磨剂颗粒静电缔合的交联聚合物研磨剂颗粒。
优选,无机研磨剂为阳离子研磨剂,更优选为氧化铈。可以通过任何适宜的方法生产氧化铈。常用于半导体抛光(具体地说为浅沟槽隔离处理)的一种类型的氧化铈研磨剂为通过汽相合成法生产的氧化铈,例如美国专利5,460,701、5,514,349、和5,874,684中所描述的。这种氧化铈研磨剂由Nanophase Technologies(例如,Nano Tek_氧化铈)和Ferro Corporation销售。其它适宜的氧化铈研磨剂包括通过热液处理形成的沉淀氧化铈研磨剂,例如由Advanced Nano Products和Rhodia销售。
无机研磨剂可以具有任何适宜的初级粒径。一般地,研磨剂的平均初级粒径为约200nm或更小(例如,约180nm或更小)。优选,无机研磨剂的平均初级粒径为约160nm或更小(例如,约140nm或更小)。通过激光衍射法测定期望的初级粒径。优选CMP组合物对颗粒附聚具有耐受性,以使平均附聚粒径为约300nm或更小(例如,250nm或更小,乃至200nm或更小)。附聚的不存在还体现在粒度分布的总宽度上,其一般为平均初级粒径的±约35%(例如,±约25%,乃至±约15%)。
在第二个实施方式中,无机研磨剂含有(由其组成或基本由其组成)氧化铈。优选,氧化铈研磨剂不含有任何显著量的与氧化铈静电缔合的交联聚合物研磨剂颗粒。更优选,氧化铈研磨剂不含有任何与氧化铈静电缔合的交联聚合物研磨剂颗粒。优选氧化铈研磨剂的平均初级粒径为约180nm或更小,更优选约150nm或更小(乃至约140nm或更小)。一般地,氧化铈研磨剂的平均粒径为约20nm或更大(例如,约50nm或更大)。优选粒度分布的总宽度为平均初级粒径的±约50%(例如,±约40%、±约30%、乃至±约20%)。对于某些应用,优选氧化铈悬浮在液体载体中。在其它应用中,优选氧化铈固定在抛光垫的抛光表面上。
当悬浮在液体载体中时,优选第一个或第二个实施方式的无机研磨剂为胶体稳定的。术语胶体指研磨剂颗粒在液体载体中的悬浮。胶体稳定性指随着时间的延长的这种悬浮保持。在本发明中,如果当将研磨剂放进100ml量筒中并在不搅拌下保持2小时时,在量筒的底部50ml中的颗粒浓度([B]以g/ml表示)和在量筒的上部50ml中的颗粒浓度([T]以g/ml表示)之间的差除以研磨剂组合物中的颗粒初始浓度([C]以g/ml表示)小于或等于0.5(即,{[B]-[T]}/[C]0.5),则研磨剂被认为是胶体稳定的。更优选,期望的[B]-[T]/[C]的值小于或等于0.3,且优选小于或等于0.1。
在抛光组合物的pH值下,第一个或第二个实施方式的无机研磨剂一般具有正ζ电势。优选,与抛光组合物中的抛光添加剂相结合时,保持无机研磨剂的正ζ电势。研磨剂的ζ电势指研磨剂周围离子的电荷和本体溶液的电荷(例如,液体载体和任何其它溶解在其中的组分)之间的差值。无机研磨剂的ζ电势随着pH值而变化。在40mMKCl中pH值为5的氧化铈的ζ电势为约+32mV。期望,抛光添加剂不与研磨剂强烈的相互作用,从而导致ζ电势反转,该ζ电势反转可导致研磨剂颗粒的附聚和沉淀。优选,抛光组合物具有低电导率(例如,离子强度),例如pH值为约5时,电导率值小于约2000μS/cm(例如,小于约1500μS/cm)和pH值为约4时,电导率值小于约500μS/cm。低电导率值反映出仅需要少量的碱以调节pH值至期望的范围。
当研磨剂悬浮在液体载体中时,抛光组合物一般含有约0.01重量%-约10重量%(例如,约0.02重量%-约5重量%,或约0.05重量%-约1重量%)无机研磨剂,基于液体载体和任何溶解或悬浮在其中的组分的重量。优选,抛光组合物含有约0.1重量%-约0.5重量%无机研磨剂。
在抛光组合物中含有抛光添加剂以改变抛光的含硅介电层表面特性,从而使该表面更易于接受与研磨剂颗粒的相互作用。抛光组合物的pH值在决定抛光添加剂和含硅介电层表面之间相互作用方面具有重要作用。抛光组合物的pH值一般为约7或更小,优选约2-约6.5,更优选约3-约6(例如,约3.5-约5.5)。为了使抛光添加剂与含硅介电层在该pH值范围内相互作用,期望抛光添加剂具有pKa(在水中)为约3-约9(例如,约3-约8、或约3-约7)的官能团。抛光添加剂优选具有pKa(在水中)为约4-约9的官能团,更优选具有pKa(在水中)为约4-约8(例如,约4-约7、或约4-约6)的官能团。此外,期望该抛光添加剂具有比约-1更正的总净电荷(例如,净电荷=+0、+1、+2,等)。当pKa为约3-约9(特别是约4-约9、或约4-约8)的官能团被质子化时,确定净电荷为抛光添加剂的电荷。
抛光添加剂的官能团可以为任何适宜的官能团,且一般选自胺、羧酸、醇、硫醇、磺酰胺、酰亚胺、氧肟酸、巴比妥酸、肼、amidoxines、其盐、及其组合。具有这些官能团且具有适宜的pKa的抛光添加剂包括选自芳基胺、氨基醇、脂族胺、杂环胺、氧肟酸、氨基羧酸、环状一元羧酸、不饱和一元羧酸、取代酚、磺酰胺、硫醇、及其组合的化合物。优选,抛光添加剂选自芳基胺、杂环胺、氨基羧酸、及其组合。任何上述抛光添加剂可以盐的形式存在,例如选自盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、磺酸盐、三氟甲烷磺酸盐、醋酸盐、三氟醋酸盐、苦味酸盐、全氟丁酸盐、钠盐、钾盐、铵盐、卤化物盐,等的盐。
芳基胺可以为任何适宜的芳基胺。优选,芳基胺为伯芳基胺。芳基胺任选地可以由一个或多个取代基进行取代,这些取代基选自C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、C6-12芳基、羧酸、磺酸、膦酸、羟基、硫醇、磺酰胺、乙酰胺、其盐、及其组合。例如,芳基胺可以为苯胺、4-氯苯胺、3-甲氧基苯胺、N-甲基苯胺、4-甲氧基苯胺、对-甲苯胺、邻氨基苯甲酸、3-氨基-4-羟基苯磺酸、氨基苯甲醇、氨基苄胺、1-(2-氨基苯基)吡咯、1-(3-氨基苯基)乙醇、2-氨基苯基醚、2,5-二-(4-氨基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、2-(2-氨基苯基)-1H-1,3,4-三唑、2-氨基苯酚、3-氨基苯酚、4-氨基苯酚、二甲基氨基苯酚、2-氨基硫羟苯酚、3-氨基硫羟苯酚、4-氨基硫羟苯酚、4-氨基苯基甲基硫醚、2-氨基苯磺酰胺、邻氨基苯磺酸、3-氨基苯硼酸(boronic acid)、5-氨基异酞酸、乙酰磺胺、间胺酸、磺胺酸、邻-或对-对氨苯基胂酸、(3R)-3-(4-三氟甲基苯基氨基)戊酸酰胺、其盐、及其组合。
氨基醇可以为任何适宜的氨基醇。例如氨基醇可以选自三乙醇胺、苯甲基二乙醇胺、三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷、羟胺、四环素、其盐、及其组合。优选,氨基醇为叔氨基醇。
脂族胺可以为任何适宜的脂族胺。优选,脂族胺选自甲氧胺、羟胺、N-甲基羟胺、N,O-二甲基羟胺、β-二氟乙胺、乙二胺、三乙二胺、二乙基((丁基氨基)(2-羟苯基)甲基)膦酸酯、亚氨基乙烷、亚氨基丁烷、三烯丙基胺、氰基胺(例如,氨基乙腈、二乙基氨基乙腈、2-氨基-2-氰基丙烷、异丙基氨基丙腈、二乙基氨基丙腈、氨基丙腈、二氰基二乙基胺)、3-(二甲基氨基)丙腈)、其盐、及其组合。脂族胺还可以为肼。优选,肼选自肼、甲肼、四甲基肼、N,N-二乙基肼、苯肼、N,N-二甲基肼、三甲基肼、乙肼、其盐(例如,盐酸盐)、及其组合。
杂环胺可以为任何适宜的杂环胺,包括单环、双环、和三环胺。一般地,环状胺为含有一个或多个氮原子的3-、4-、5-或6-元环状结构。优选,环状胺为5-或6-元环状结构。杂环胺任选地由一个或多个取代基进行取代,这些取代基选自H、OH、COOH、SO3H、PO3H、Br、Cl、I、F、NO2、肼、C1-8烷基(任选地由OH、COOH、Br、Cl、I、或NO2进行取代)、C6-12芳基(任选地由OH、COOH、Br、I、或NO2进行取代)、C(O)H、C(O)R(其中R为C1-8烷基或C6-12芳基)、和C1-8链烯基。期望,杂环胺含有至少一个未取代杂环氮。例如,杂环胺可为咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-羟甲基咪唑、1-甲基-2-羟甲基咪唑、苯并咪唑、喹啉、异喹啉、羟基喹啉、三聚氰胺、吡啶、二吡啶、2-甲基吡啶、4-甲基吡啶、2-氨基吡啶、3-氨基吡啶、2,3-吡啶二羧酸、2,5-吡啶二羧酸、2,6-吡啶二羧酸、5-丁基-2-吡啶羧酸、4-羟基-2-吡啶羧酸、3-羟基-2-吡啶羧酸、2-吡啶羧酸、3-苯甲酰-2-吡啶羧酸、6-甲基-2-吡啶羧酸、3-甲基-2-吡啶羧酸、6-溴-2-吡啶羧酸、6-氯-2-吡啶羧酸、3,6-二氯-2-吡啶羧酸、4-肼基-3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶羧酸、喹啉、异喹啉、2-喹啉羧酸、4-甲氧基-2-喹啉羧酸、8-羟基-2-喹啉羧酸、4,8-二羟基-2-喹啉羧酸、7-氯-4-羟基-2-喹啉羧酸、5,7-二氯-4-羟基-2-喹啉羧酸、5-硝基-2-喹啉羧酸、1-异喹啉羧酸、3-异喹啉羧酸、吖啶、苯并喹啉、苯吖啶、氯压定、新烟碱、降烟碱、三唑并吡啶、吡哆醇、血清素、组胺、苯并二氮、氮丙啶、吗啉、1,8二氮杂双环(5,4,0)十一烯-7(DABCO),六亚甲基四胺、哌嗪、N-苯甲酰哌嗪、1-甲苯磺酰基哌嗪、N-乙氧甲酰基哌嗪、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、2-氨基噻唑、吡咯、吡咯-2-羧酸及其烷基、卤代、或羧酸-取代衍生物、3-吡咯啉-2-羧酸、乙基吡咯啉、苯甲基吡咯啉、环己基吡咯啉、甲苯基吡咯啉、四唑、5-环丙基四唑、5-甲基四唑、5-羟基四唑、5-苯氧基四唑、5-苯基四唑、其盐、及其组合。杂环胺还可以为酰亚胺、aminidine、或巴比妥酸化合物。例如,适宜的酰亚胺包括选自氟尿嘧啶、甲硫氧嘧啶、5,5-二苯基乙内酰脲、5,5-二甲基-2,4-噁唑烷二酮、邻苯二甲酰亚胺、丁二酰亚胺、3,3-甲基苯基戊二酰亚胺、3,3-二甲基丁二酰亚胺、其盐、及其组合的那些。适宜的aminidine包括选自咪唑并[2,3-b]噻噁唑(thioxazole)、羟基咪唑并[2,3-a]异吲哚、其盐、及其组合的那些。适宜的巴比妥酸包括选自5,5-甲基苯基巴比妥酸、1,5,5-三甲基巴比妥酸、环己烯巴比妥、5,5-二甲基巴比妥酸、1,5-二甲基-5-苯基巴比妥酸、其盐、及其组合的那些。
氧肟酸可以为任何适宜的氧肟酸。优选,氧肟酸选自甲酰氧肟酸、乙酰氧肟酸、苯并氧肟酸、水杨基氧肟酸、2-氨基苯并氧肟酸、2-氯苯并氧肟酸、2-氟苯并氧肟酸、2-硝基苯并氧肟酸、3-硝基苯并氧肟酸、4-氨基苯并氧肟酸、4-氯苯并氧肟酸、4-氟苯并氧肟酸、4-硝基苯并氧肟酸、4-羟基苯并氧肟酸、其盐、及其组合。
氨基羧酸可以为任何适宜的氨基羧酸。常规氨基羧酸化合物(例如脯氨酸、甘氨酸、苯基甘氨酸,等)的pKa对于羧酸部分为约2-2.5且对于氨基部分为约9-10且不适宜用于本发明。相反地,选自谷氨酸、β-羟基谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、天冬酰胺、重氮丝氨酸、组氨酸、3-甲基组氨酸、胞嘧啶、7-氨基头孢子菌素酸、和肌肽的氨基羧酸含有pKa在约3-约8的范围内的官能团。
环状一元羧酸可以为任何适宜的环状一元羧酸。以前建议用于抛光含硅介电层的二-和多-羧酸可以具有在期望范围内的pKa,但具有导致无机研磨剂颗粒的不期望的附聚、粘着、和/或快速沉淀的总电荷。期望,环状羧酸化合物含有C4-12环烷基或C6-12芳基。环状羧酸化合物任选地由一个或多个取代基进行取代,这些取代基选自H、OH、COOH、Br、Cl、I、F、NO2、肼、C1-8烷基(任选地以OH、COOH、Br、Cl、I、或NO2进行取代)、C6-12芳基(任选地以OH、COOH、Br、I、或NO2进行取代)、C(O)H、C(O)R(其中R为C1-8烷基或C6-12芳基)、和C1-8链烯基。优选,环状羧酸化合物不是二-或多-羟基苯甲酸。适宜的环状一元羧酸化合物包括选自苯甲酸、C1-12-烷基-取代苯甲酸、C1-12-烷氧基-取代苯甲酸、萘2-羧酸、环己烷羧酸、环己基乙酸、2-苯乙酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、3-羟基苯甲酸、2-哌啶羧酸、环丙烷羧酸(例如,顺-和反-2-甲基环丙烷羧酸)、其盐、及其组合的那些。特别优选抛光添加剂为4-羟基苯甲酸、环己烷羧酸、苯甲酸、其盐、及其组合。
不饱和一元羧酸可以为任何适宜的不饱和一元羧酸(例如,烯烃羧酸)。一般地,不饱和一元羧酸为C3-6-链-2-烯酸。优选,不饱和一元羧酸选自肉桂酸、丙烯酸类(例如,丙烯酸,3-氯丙-2-烯羧酸)、丁烯酸(例如,巴豆酸、3-氯丁-2-烯羧酸、4-氯丁-2-烯羧酸)、戊烯酸(例如,顺-或反-2-戊烯酸、2-甲基-2-戊烯酸)、己烯酸(例如,2-己烯酸、3-乙基-2-己烯酸)、其盐、及其组合。
取代酚可以为任何适宜的取代酚。优选,取代酚含有取代基,该取代基选自硝基、氯基、溴基、氟基、氰基、烷氧羰基、烷酰基、酰基、烷基磺酰基、及其组合。适宜的硝基苯酚包括选自硝基苯酚、2,6-二卤代-4-硝基苯酚、2,6-二-C1-12-烷基-4-硝基苯酚、2,4-二硝基苯酚、2,6-二硝基苯酚、3,4-二硝基苯酚、2-C1-12-烷基-4,6-二硝基苯酚、2-卤代-4,6-二硝基苯酚、二硝基-邻-甲酚、三硝基苯酚例如苦味酸、其盐、及其组合的那些。
磺酰胺可以为任何适宜的磺酰胺。优选,磺酰胺选自N-氯甲苯基磺酰胺、二氯phenamide、高磺胺、尼美舒利、磺胺甲基硫代二嗪、磺胺培苯、乙酰磺胺、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧哒嗪、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺吡啶、磺胺喹噁啉、其盐、及其组合。
硫醇可以为任何适宜的硫醇。优选,硫醇选自二硫化二氢(hydrogendisulfide)、半胱胺、半胱氨酰基半胱氨酸、甲基半胱氨酸、苯硫酚、对-Cl-苯硫酚、邻-氨基苯硫酚、邻-巯基苯乙酸、对-硝基苯硫醇、2-巯基乙磺酸酯、N-二甲基半胱胺、二丙基半胱胺、二乙基半胱胺、巯基乙基吗啉、甲基巯基乙酸酯、巯基乙胺、N-三甲基半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽、mercaptoethylepiperidine、二乙基氨基丙硫醇、其盐、及其组合。
当抛光添加剂为芳基胺时,优选抛光添加剂选自苯胺、邻氨基苯甲酸、间胺酸、氨基苯酚、邻氨基苯磺酸、其盐、及其组合。当抛光添加剂为杂环胺化合物时,优选抛光添加剂选自咪唑、喹啉、吡啶、2-甲基吡啶、2-吡啶羧酸、吡啶二羧酸、2-喹啉羧酸、吗啉、哌嗪、三唑、吡咯、吡咯-2-羧酸、四唑、其盐、及其组合。当抛光添加剂为氨基羧酸化合物时,优选抛光添加剂选自谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、其盐、及其组合。当抛光添加剂为环状一元羧酸化合物时,优选抛光添加剂选自苯甲酸、环己烷羧酸、环己基乙酸、2-苯乙酸、其盐、及其组合。
抛光组合物一般含有约5重量%或更小(例如,约2重量%或更小)抛光添加剂。期望抛光组合物含有约0.005重量%或更大例(例如,约0.01重量%或更大)抛光添加剂。优选,抛光组合物含有约1重量%或更小(例如,约0.5重量%或更小)抛光添加剂。
使用液体载体以促进将研磨剂、抛光添加剂、和任何其它溶解或悬浮在其中的组分涂覆到适宜的待抛光(例如,平面化)衬底表面。液体载体一般为含水载体且可以单独为水,可以含有水和适宜的水溶性溶剂,或可以为乳液。适宜的水溶性溶剂包括醇例如甲醇、乙醇,等。在某些实施方式中,液体载体含有超临界流体。优选,含水载体由水,更优选由去离子水组成。液体载体任选地进一步含有溶剂或表面活性剂以促进抛光添加剂的增溶,从而提高衬底表面上抛光添加剂的量。
抛光组合物任选地进一步含有一种或多种组分例如pH调整剂(adjuster)、调节剂(regulator)、或缓冲剂,等,其进一步帮助保持抛光组合物的pH值在期望的范围内。适宜的pH调整剂、调节剂、或缓冲剂可以包括,例如,氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铵、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、磷酸、柠檬酸、磷酸钾、其混合物,等。
抛光组合物任选地进一步含有其它组分,例如生物杀灭剂、消泡剂,等。生物杀灭剂可以为任何适宜的生物杀灭剂,例如异噻唑啉酮生物杀灭剂。用于抛光组合物的生物杀灭剂的量一般为约1-约50ppm,优选为约10-约20ppm,基于液体载体和任何溶解或悬浮于其中的组分。消泡剂可以为任何适宜的消泡剂。例如,消泡剂可以为聚二甲基硅氧烷聚合物。抛光组合物中存在的消泡剂的量一般为约40-约140ppm,基于液体载体和任何溶解或悬浮于其中的组分。
抛光组合物任选地进一步含有醇。优选,该醇为甲醇、乙醇、或丙醇。更优选,醇为甲醇。一般地,存在于抛光组合物中的醇的量为约0.01重量%或更大,基于液体载体和任何溶解或悬浮于其中的组分。该醇一般还以约2重量%或更小的量存在于抛光组合物中,基于液体载体和任何溶解或悬浮于其中的组分。
抛光组合物任选地进一步含有表面活性剂以改进抛光选择性和/或平面度。表面活性剂可以为任何适宜的表面活性剂且可以为阳离子表面活性剂,阴离子表面活性剂(例如,聚丙烯酸酯)、两性离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、或其组合。优选,表面活性剂为两性离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂。适宜的两性离子表面活性剂包括羧酸铵、硫酸铵、氧化胺、N-十二烷基-N,N-二甲基甜菜碱、甜菜碱、磺基甜菜碱、烷基氨基丙基硫酸酯(alkylammoniopropyl sulfate),等。适宜的非离子表面活性剂包括炔属二醇表面活性剂例如2,4,7,9-四甲基-5-癸炔-4,7-二醇乙氧基化物表面活性剂、聚氧化乙烯C6-30烷基醚、聚氧化乙烯C6-30烷基酸酯、聚氧化乙烯C6-30烷基苯基醚、聚氧化乙烯C6-30烷基环己基醚、山梨聚糖C6-30烷基酸酯、聚氧化乙烯山梨聚糖C6-30烷基酸酯、乙二胺聚氧化乙烯、等。表面活性剂的量一般为约0.01重量%-约5重量%,基于液体载体和任何溶解或悬浮于其中的组分。
使用CMP体系以抛光(例如,平面化)衬底的含硅介电层。该抛光衬底的方法包括(i)提供CMP体系,(ii)将衬底与CMP体系相接触,和(iii)研磨至少一部分衬底以抛光该衬底。优选,介电层包含(即,组成)衬底总表面积的约95%或更大(例如,约97%或更大,乃至约99%或更大)。衬底可以为任何适宜的衬底(例如,集成电路、层间介电器件(ILD)、预金属(premetal)介电衬底、玻璃衬底、光学部件、硬磁盘、半导体、微-电子-机械系统、及低和高介电常数薄膜)且可以含有任何适宜的介电层(例如,绝缘层)。衬底一般为微电子(例如,半导体)衬底。介电层可以为任何适宜的介电材料且一般具有约4或更小的介电常数。例如,介电材料可以含有二氧化硅或氧化二氧化硅如碳掺杂二氧化硅和硅铝酸盐。介电层还可以为多孔金属氧化物、玻璃、或任何其它适宜的高或低-κ介电层。优选介电层含有氧化硅、氮化硅、氮氧化硅、碳化硅、多晶硅、或任何其它介电常数为约3.5或更小的含硅材料。衬底任选地进一步含有次生层(secondary layer)(例如,抛光停止层)。该次生层可以为金属层或第二介电层,且可以含有钨、铝、钽、铂、铑、氮化硅、碳化硅,等。在某些实施方式中,衬底不包含任何暴露的金属表面。根据一个优选实施方式,衬底含有二氧化硅层和氮化硅层。根据另一个优选实施方式,衬底仅含有二氧化硅(如在ILD衬底中)。根据再一个优选实施方式,衬底含有多晶硅、二氧化硅、和氮化硅。当衬底含有二氧化硅层和氮化硅层时,一般以相对于氮化硅层为约80或更大的选择性(即,氧化物对氮化物的选择性为约80或更大),对二氧化硅层进行抛光。优选,氧化物对氮化物的选择性为约100或更大(例如,约120或更大乃至约150或更大)。
CMP体系特别适合与化学-机械抛光(CMP)设备共同使用。一般地,该设备包括压板,当使用时,压板运动并具有由轨道运动、线性运动、或圆周运动产生的速度,与压板相接触并在运动时与压板一起移动的抛光垫,和通过相对于抛光垫表面来接触和移动衬底以保持待抛光衬底的载体,该抛光垫用于与待抛光衬底相接触。通过将衬底与抛光垫相接触放置,然后相对于衬底移动抛光垫,进行衬底的抛光,一般在其之间具有本发明的抛光组合物,从而研磨至少一部分衬底以抛光该衬底。抛光组合物可以制备为输送给CMP设备的单一浆液(例如,在输送时以水稀释的单一浓缩浆液),或可以制备为含有不同化学组分的两种浆液,其同时输送给CMP设备的抛光垫。
CMP设备可以为任何适宜的CMP设备,其中很多为本领域已知的。CMP设备任选地含有一个以上压板,从而能够以交替的抛光条件对衬底进行抛光。抛光过程可以包括改变抛光的周期。CMP设备任选地进一步含有终端检测系统,其中很多为本领域已知的。抛光垫可以为任何适宜的抛光垫,其中很多为本领域已知的。期望,抛光垫含有具有由凹槽和/或孔隙组成的表面组织的抛光层。在某些实施方式中,可以期望地调节抛光垫。这种抛光垫调节可以在原位或不在原位进行,例如通过金刚石砂粒。在某些实施方式中,可以期望地定期转换为向CMP设备供给去离子水以代替抛光组合物,从而实现对抛光组合物进行定期稀释。
下列实施例进一步说明本发明,但不应理解为限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
该实施例表明包括具有pKa为约3-约9的抛光添加剂的pH值为约5的抛光组合物具有良好的二氧化硅去除率和高的二氧化硅对氮化硅的选择性。
以不同的抛光组合物(抛光组合物1A-1W)对类似的含有二氧化硅和氮化硅层的衬底进行抛光。这些抛光组合物中的每一种均含有0.5重量%氧化铈和足够的KOH或HNO3,以调节pH值至5。抛光组合物1A(对照)不含有抛光添加剂。抛光组合物1B-1O(本发明)分别含有0.1重量%3-氨基苯酚、邻氨基苯甲酸、哌嗪、吡啶、咪唑、吡咯-2-羧酸、2,3-吡啶二羧酸、3-羟基吡啶甲酸、2-吡啶羧酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、环己烷羧酸、2-苯乙酸、苯甲酸、和谷氨酸。抛光组合物1P-1W(比较)分别含有0.1重量%甘氨酸、脯氨酸、和苯磺酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、草酸、对苯二酸、水杨酸。
抛光添加剂的官能团的pKa、二氧化硅去除率(RR)、氮化硅去除率(RR)、和二氧化硅对氮化硅的选择性总结在表1中。
表1
抛光组合物 | 抛光添加剂 | pKa | SiO2RR(_/分钟) | Si3N4RR(_/分钟) | 选择性 |
1A | 无 | - | 1810 | 641 | 2.8 |
1B | 3-氨基苯酚 | 4.3,10 | 979 | 55 | 18 |
1C | 邻氨基苯甲酸 | 2.1,5 | 320 | 6 | 51 |
1D | 哌嗪 | 5.3,9.7 | 873 | 22 | 40 |
1E | 吡啶 | 5.2 | 1742 | 45 | 39 |
1F | 咪唑 | 7 | 874 | 7 | 125 |
1G | 吡咯-2-羧酸 | 4.5 | 511 | 12 | 44 |
1H | 2,3-吡啶二羧酸 | 3.0,5.1 | 225 | 21 | 11 |
1I | 3-羟基-2-吡啶羧酸 | 1.1,5.2 | 826 | 10 | 83 |
1J | 2-吡啶羧酸 | 1,5.4 | 4794 | 24 | 200 |
1K | 4-羟基苯甲酸 | 4.5,9.3 | 3705 | 29 | 127 |
1L | 环己烷羧酸 | 4.9 | 254 | 6 | 43 |
1M | 2-苯乙酸 | 4.3 | 294 | 8 | 36 |
1N | 苯甲酸 | 4.2 | 253 | 11 | 24 |
1O | 谷氨酸 | 2.2,4.4,10 | 5025 | 19 | 266 |
1P | 甘氨酸 | 2.4,9.8 | 2704 | 822 | 3 |
1Q | 脯氨酸 | 2,10.6 | 2513 | 824 | 3 |
1R | 苯磺酸 | 0.7 | 1532 | 560 | 3 |
1S | 苹果酸 | 3.5,5.1 | 103 | 98 | 1.1 |
1T | 柠檬酸 | 3.1,4.8 | 92 | 157 | 0.6 |
1U | 草酸 | 1.3,4.3 | 121 | 406 | 0.3 |
1V | 对苯二酸 | 3.5,4.8 | 598 | 508 | 1.2 |
1W | 水杨酸 | 3,13.7 | 734 | 493 | 1.5 |
表1中总结的数据表明,抛光组合物中pKa为约3-约9的抛光添加剂可以在pH值为约7或更小时对氧化物和氮化物去除率以及氧化物对氮化物选择性产生显著影响。
实施例2
该实施例表明衬底层去除率和选择性与抛光组合物中抛光添加剂剂量的相关性。
以不同的抛光组合物(抛光组合物2A-2C)对类似的含有二氧化硅和氮化硅层的衬底进行抛光。这些抛光组合物中的每一种均具有0.3重量%氧化铈,浓度为500ppm、1000ppm、和3000ppm的氧化铈抛光添加剂,和足够的KOH或HNO3,以调节pH值至5.3。抛光组合物2A-2C(本发明)分别含有邻氨基苯甲酸、吡咯-2-羧酸、和3-羟基-2-吡啶羧酸。
测定每种抛光组合物的二氧化硅去除率(RR)、氮化物去除率(RR)、和二氧化硅对氮化硅的选择性,并将结果总结于表2中。
表2中总结的数据表明,在抛光添加剂浓度为约1000ppm时,氧化物和氮化物去除率以及氧化物对氮化物的选择性得以优化,且增加抛光添加剂的浓度实际上可降低抛光选择性。
实施例3
该实施例表明硅基介电层去除率和选择性与抛光组合物的pH值的相关性。
以不同的抛光组合物(抛光组合物3A-3C)对类似的含有二氧化硅和氮化硅层的衬底进行抛光。这些抛光组合物中的每一种均含有0.15重量%氧化铈和足够的KOH或HNO3,将pH值调节至所示的4.4、5.0、或5.6。抛光组合物3A-3C(本发明)还分别含有0.1重量%邻氨基苯甲酸、吡咯-2-羧酸、和3-羟基吡啶甲酸。
测定每种抛光组合物的二氧化硅去除率(RR)、氮化硅去除率(RR)、和选择性,并将结果总结于表3中。
表3
3A | 邻氨基苯甲酸 | 170 | 895 | 1023 | 38 | <10 | 282 | 4.47 | 89 | 3.63 |
3B | 吡咯-2-羧酸 | 95 | 881 | 1007 | <10 | <10 | 149 | 9.5 | 88 | 6.76 |
3C | 3-羟基吡啶羧酸 | 270 | 485 | 599 | <10 | <10 | 19 | 27 | 48 | 31.5 |
表3中总结的结果表明,衬底去除率和选择性作为抛光组合物的pH值的函数而变化,该pH值优选为约5。
实施例4
该实施例表明硅基介电层去除率和选择性与抛光组合物的pH值的相关性。
以不同的抛光组合物(抛光组合物4A-4C)对类似的含有二氧化硅和氮化硅层的衬底进行抛光。这些抛光组合物中的每一种均含有0.15重量%氧化铈和足够的KOH或HNO3,将pH值调节至所示的4或5。抛光组合物4A-4C(本发明)还分别含有0.1重量%邻氨基苯磺酸、间胺酸、和邻氨基苯甲酸。
测定每种抛光组合物的二氧化硅去除率(RR)、氮化硅去除率(RR)、和选择性,并将结果总结于表4中。
表4中总结的结果表明,衬底去除率和选择性作为抛光组合物的pH值的函数而变化,该pH值优选为约4。
所有在此引用的参考文献,包括出版物、专利申请、及专利,作为参考文献引入,其参考程度如同单独并具体说明每个参考文献全部内容在此引入作为参考。
在描述本发明的范围(特别是权利要求的范围)中使用术语“一个(a)”和“一个(an)”和“该(the)”和类似的指示物理解为包含单数和复数,除非本文中另有说明或上下文明显矛盾。术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”、和“含有”应理解为开放式术语(即,意味着“包括,但不限于”),除非另有说明。本文中数值的范围的列举仅仅用作涉及的单独落在该范围内的每个独立值的简写方法,除非本文中另有说明,且在说明书中引入每个独立值,就如同其在这里被单独引用。本文描述的所有方法可以任何顺序进行,除非另有说明或上下文明显矛盾。本文中提供的任何和所有实施例,或示例性语言(例如,“例如”)的使用仅用来更好地说明本发明,而不是对本发明的范围提出限定,除非另有说明。说明书中没有语言应被理解为指示对本发明的实践必要的任何非要求保护的要素。
本文中描述了本发明的优选实施方式,包括发明人已知的进行本发明的最佳方式。通过阅读上述说明书,那些优选实施方式的变化对于本领域的普通技术人员来说是明显的。本发明人希望技术人员适当的采用这种变化,且本发明人希望本发明用不同于本文具体描述的方式进行实践。因此,本发明包括通过适用法律允许的这里附加的权利要求中引用主题的所有修改和等价物。此外,在其所有可能变化中的上述要素的任意组合包括在本发明中,除非本文另有说明或上下文明显矛盾。
Claims (17)
1.一种抛光衬底的方法,包括:
(i)将含有含硅介电层的衬底与化学-机械抛光体系相接触,该化学-机械抛光体系包括:
(a)0.1-0.5重量%的基本由氧化铈组成的无机研磨剂,
(b)具有pKa为3-9的官能团的抛光添加剂,其中该抛光添加剂为芳基胺化合物,其中该芳基胺化合物进一步含有选自羧酸、磺酸、其盐、及其组合的一种或多种取代基,或者该抛光添加剂为杂环胺化合物,该杂环胺化合物选自咪唑、吡啶、2-甲基吡啶、2-吡啶羧酸、吡啶二羧酸、哌嗪、吡咯-2-羧酸、其盐、及其组合,和
(c)液体载体,
其中该抛光体系的pH值为7或更小且不含有显著量的与无机研磨剂静电缔合的交联聚合物研磨剂颗粒,和
(ii)研磨至少一部分含硅介电层以抛光该衬底。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中该抛光添加剂具有pKa为4-9的官能团。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中该抛光添加剂具有pKa为4-8的官能团。
4.权利要求2的方法,其中该官能团选自胺、羧酸、醇、硫醇、磺酰胺、酰亚胺、氧肟酸、肼、巴比妥酸、及其组合。
5.权利要求2的方法,其中该衬底包括二氧化硅层和氮化硅层。
6.权利要求2的方法,其中该抛光体系的pH值为2-6.5。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中该抛光体系的pH值为3.5-5.5。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中该芳基胺化合物选自苯胺、邻氨基苯甲酸、邻氨基苯磺酸、氨基苯酚、其盐、及其组合。
9.权利要求2的方法,其中该无机研磨剂具有正ζ电势。
10.权利要求2的方法,其中该抛光体系具有2000μS/cm或更小的电导率。
11.权利要求2的方法,进一步包括抛光垫,其中向该抛光垫的抛光表面上固定该无机研磨剂。
12.权利要求2的方法,其中该无机研磨剂选自氧化铝、氧化铈、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铬、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硼、氧化镁、氧化铁、及其组合。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中该无机研磨剂为氧化铈。
14.权利要求2的方法,其中该抛光体系包括2重量%或更少的无机研磨剂。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中该抛光体系包括0.5重量%或更少的无机研磨剂。
16.权利要求2的方法,其中该抛光体系在至少24小时的期间内是胶体稳定的。
17.权利要求2的方法,其中该抛光体系进一步含有表面活性剂。
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Also Published As
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US7071105B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
TWI283022B (en) | 2007-06-21 |
US20060144824A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
JP2006520530A (ja) | 2006-09-07 |
KR101281967B1 (ko) | 2013-07-03 |
EP1601735A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
TW200426932A (en) | 2004-12-01 |
US20090029633A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
JP4927526B2 (ja) | 2012-05-09 |
US20060196848A1 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
US7442645B2 (en) | 2008-10-28 |
US8486169B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
CN1742066A (zh) | 2006-03-01 |
WO2004069947A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
US20040152309A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
KR20120006563A (ko) | 2012-01-18 |
KR20050098288A (ko) | 2005-10-11 |
EP1601735B1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
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