CN1580613A - 齿轮 - Google Patents
齿轮 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1580613A CN1580613A CN200410058783.5A CN200410058783A CN1580613A CN 1580613 A CN1580613 A CN 1580613A CN 200410058783 A CN200410058783 A CN 200410058783A CN 1580613 A CN1580613 A CN 1580613A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gear
- comparative example
- hard carbon
- oiling agent
- carbon films
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000008041 oiling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 115
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-monoglyceryl stearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IVDFJHOHABJVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinacol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(C)(C)O IVDFJHOHABJVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010722 industrial gear oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- MLBYBBUZURKHAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-epi-Palustrinsaeure Natural products CC12CCCC(C)(C(O)=O)C1CCC1=C2CCC(C(C)C)=C1 MLBYBBUZURKHAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MLBYBBUZURKHAW-MISYRCLQSA-N Palustric acid Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC[C@@](C)(C(O)=O)[C@@H]1CCC1=C2CCC(C(C)C)=C1 MLBYBBUZURKHAW-MISYRCLQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005435 mesosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005001 rutherford backscattering spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010723 turbine oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- LJBCHOMMIHNUTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl octadecanoate 2-butyloctadecanoic acid Chemical compound C(CCC)C(C(=O)O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)OCCCC LJBCHOMMIHNUTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YMBNBZFZTXCWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OCCO.OCC(O)CO YMBNBZFZTXCWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoelaidin Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/041—Coatings or solid lubricants, e.g. antiseize layers or pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0605—Carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19991—Lubrication
- Y10T74/19995—Teeth
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
- General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种包括齿面和形成在所述齿面至少一部分上的硬碳膜的齿轮。当在包括特定成分的润滑剂中使用所述齿轮时,大大降低齿轮齿面的摩擦,因此所述齿轮实行卓越的动力传输效率。而且,当将所述齿轮用在具有多个齿轮啮合部分的行星齿轮机构或减速机构中时,也改进了所述机构的动力传输效率。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请具有以下相关申请:系列号No.09/545,181,它是基于1999年4月9日所申请的日本专利申请Hei-11-102205的美国专利申请;10/468,713,它是基于2001年4月17日所申请的日本专利申请2001-117680的PCT申请JP02/10057的指定国(美国)申请号;基于2002年1月22日所申请的日本专利申请2002-45576的10/355,099;基于2002年10月16日所申请的日本专利申请No.2002-302205的10/682,559;以及基于2002年10月16日所申请的日本专利申请2002-322322的10/692,853。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于动力传输机构的齿轮,更具体地说,本发明涉及改进了传输效率的齿轮。
通常,在各种动力传输机构中使用齿轮。用于机动车传输机构的典型性齿轮主要由钢制成,诸如渗碳钢、碳氮共渗钢以及铬钼钢。
背景技术
用于机动车传输机构的这类齿轮用来减小齿轮之间的啮合处所产生的摩擦以便于改进机动车的输出功率和燃料消耗。更具体地说,在行星机构或减速机构中具有大量的齿轮啮合,因此,从改进所述机构的动力传输效率看来,强烈希望减小齿轮啮合处的摩擦。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的齿轮,所述齿轮通过减小齿轮的齿面上的摩擦而实行卓越的动力传输效率。
本发明的一个方面在于一种齿轮,所述齿轮包括齿面和形成在所述齿面至少一部分上的硬碳膜。
从以下结合附图所作出的描述中将理解本发明的其他目的和特征。
发明内容
在与其他齿轮接合(啮合)的状态下在旋转过程中齿轮通常相互滑动接触。因此,从改进齿轮的动力传输效率看来,减小齿轮的齿面处的摩擦是优选的。
本发明的齿轮是如此构成的,即,使得硬碳膜(涂层)形成在所述齿轮的至少一部分上。该硬碳膜是无定形碳或含氢无定形碳膜,参考材料为a-C:H(无定形碳或含氢无定形碳)、i-C(i碳)以及DLC(金刚石状碳)。
已知这样一种硬碳膜在干燥状态(无润滑状态)下在其他表面上滑动时具有低摩擦系数。尽管仍未完全说明具有这样的低摩擦系数的原理,但是可以设想,硬碳膜的固体润滑性能和特性(诸如硬碳膜的低杨氏模量和高硬度)实现了摩擦系数的减小。
另一方面,当在润滑剂中使用硬碳膜时,在润滑剂中膜的摩擦系数变得不同于在干燥状态下膜的摩擦系数。标准硬碳膜是用碳和不可避免的杂质制成的,或是用碳、氢和不可避免的杂质制成的。所述硬碳膜的表面反应性是低的,并且该特性关系到其低-摩擦和低-磨损。然而,由于所述硬碳膜相对于原油和润滑剂中的添加剂具有弱相互作用,因此与在干燥状态下相比较,在润滑剂中摩擦系数的减小优点相对较小。
本发明通过对于在润滑剂、优选润滑剂以及添加剂成分中具有低-摩擦系数的硬碳膜的全面研究而得以实现。
首先,在齿轮的齿面上形成硬碳膜。所述硬碳膜可被形成在齿轮的齿面的整个表面上或齿面的部分表面上。通常,存在这样一种趋势,即,与在每个齿轮齿的顶部上膜的形成相比较,不易在每个齿轮齿的底部上形成膜。然而,由于硬碳膜具有的优点是根据膜成形面积的比率而获得的,因此无需在不易形成部分上强行地形成硬碳膜。而且,即使在使用中一部分膜磨损了,根据剩余的硬碳膜的尺寸也能保持硬碳膜的优点。
尽管实际上是通过组合两个或多个齿轮而使用所述齿轮的,但是硬碳膜可被形成在整个齿面上或可被形成在一部分齿面上。在考虑制造成本、生产率和所获得的优点程度的基础上可适当地确定硬碳膜的膜成形面积。
尽管本质上对于齿轮的基底金属没有限制,但是渗碳钢和铬钼钢最适用于确保齿轮所需的冲击强度和弯曲疲劳强度。而且,渗碳钢最适用于抑制在膜制造程序期间由于半高温状态而导致基底金属的变软。中间层可被形成在基底金属与硬碳膜之间以便于减小基底金属与硬碳膜之间的张力并改进所述膜相对于基底金属的粘着。可使用公知的方法形成所述中间层。
可通过化学汽相淀积(CVD)工艺或物理汽相淀积(PVD)工艺制造硬碳膜。通常,由于使用有机化合物的原材料,因此由CVD工艺形成的硬碳膜包含氢,并且如此制造的膜的氢含量范围在15到40atom%(原子百分比)。另一方面,PVD工艺能够制造具有和/或不具有氢的硬碳膜。已提出了各种PVD工艺并可投入实际使用中。考虑到膜在基底金属上的粘着,本发明所涉及的齿轮的硬碳膜最好通过弧离子电镀法或喷射法制成。
由于硬碳膜中氢含量的减少会减小齿轮的摩擦,因此用于齿轮的硬碳膜中的氢含量最好尽可能地小。因此,将本发明所涉及的齿轮的硬碳膜中的氢含量设定得小于1atom%,最好是小于0.3atom%。也就是说,最好通过物理汽相淀积(PVD)工艺成形硬碳膜。通过次级离子质谱法(SIMS)或卢瑟福背散射光谱学(RBS)能够测量硬碳膜中的氢含量。
本发明所涉及的齿轮显示了卓越的特性,尤其是当在润滑剂中使用或具有润滑剂的情况下使用时。当本发明所涉及的齿轮用在润滑剂中时,可从使用矿物油或合成油作为基油的润滑剂中适当地选择润滑剂,诸如齿轮油、机动车机油、涡轮机油和锭子油。而且,当聚α-烯烃用作润滑剂的基油时,进一步改进了摩擦减小的优点。可认为其原因在于聚α-烯烃具有易于粘附(沉积)在形成于齿轮的齿面上的硬碳膜上的特性。
而且,最好将包括羟基的成分作为添加剂加入到润滑剂中,从而进一步改进摩擦减小优点。可认为其原因在于所述添加剂通过羟基粘附在齿轮齿面上的硬碳膜上。而且,考虑到增加吸附强度,包含在添加剂的分子中的羟基的数量最好尽可能地大。然而,如果羟基的数量太大的话,由于过度的亲水性,就存在添加剂与基油相分离的可能性。因此,应在考虑上述要点的基础上设计添加剂的分子结构。而且在一个分子中羟基的数量相同的情况下最好将添加剂的分子结构设计得使得羟基在分子结构被布置得尽可能地近。用于添加剂的典型性分子是仲醇(二羟醇)和叔醇(三元醇)。尽管根据润滑剂相对于齿轮的使用方式可适当地改变添加剂的添加量,但是相对于润滑剂的添加量最好在0.5到8的重量百分比范围内。如果添加量太小的话,摩擦减小优点变得较小。如果太大的话,就存在添加剂与基油相分离的可能性。
作为润滑剂的添加剂,酯是优选的,甘油单酯是更为优选的。构成甘油单酯的脂肪酸的碳原子的数量最好大于或等于8,更好的是大于或等于12。如果在添加剂中由酯组成的脂肪酸的分子尺寸较小的话,直接形成在硬碳膜表面上的膜由于添加剂会变得较薄,因此降低了摩擦减小优点。除甘油以外的多元醇可用作用于润滑剂的脂肪酸酯添加剂的成分,尽管在成本上是不利的。
通常通过在基油(诸如矿物油或合成油)中添加适当的添加剂而获得润滑油。然而,依照齿轮的使用条件和使用环境,代替上述润滑剂可使用包括羟基化合物作为主要成分的润滑剂。如果使用包括羟基化合物的润滑剂的话,会大大改进动力传输效率。
醇适合于用作上述羟基化合物,具体地,甘油形成较大的摩擦减小效果。此外,当齿轮在乙二醇中滑动时,确保了卓越的摩擦减小优点从而出现这样的情况,即,甘油用作齿轮的润滑剂。
不需要用羟基化合物构成润滑剂的全部。根据需要并且依照用途(诸如防止磨损、防锈、粘度控制以及抗氧化性),可将各种已知添加剂加入到润滑剂中。润滑剂中所述添加剂的总含量通常被设定得小于或等于15vol.%。
另外,在本发明所涉及的齿轮用在具有多个齿轮的啮合部分的机构(诸如行星齿轮机构和减速机构)的情况中,可明显确保改进动力传输效率的性能。在减速机构中使用行星齿轮机构的情况中,在抑制减速机构尺寸的同时可获得较大的减速比。然而,将减速比设定为较大数值会从根本上降级动力传输效率。因此,通过使用本发明所涉及的齿轮作为用于减速机构的行星齿轮机构的恒星齿轮、行星齿轮和环齿轮中的至少一个,可抑制减速机构中动力传输效率的降级。
在下文中,描述了本发明所涉及的示例以及其比较示例。
[示例1和比较示例1]
在JIS(日本工业标准)中定义为SCM420H的铬钼钢用作示例1的齿轮的材料。该材料被加工成以下规格中所限定的齿轮,并且对于所加工的齿轮进行渗碳、淬火和回火处理。
<齿轮规格>
齿轮的类型:正齿轮
模数:4mm
齿轮齿的数量:60(啮合齿轮的数量:40)
齿宽:10mm
示例1的上述齿轮被刨光和除油污。因此,通过孤离子电镀(AIP)工艺在示例1的齿轮的齿面上形成了硬碳膜。每个齿中心部分处的硬碳膜的厚度为1.2μm。作为使用次级离子质谱法(SIMS)的测量结果,硬碳膜中的氢含量为0.1atom%(原子百分比)。
由硬碳膜涂覆的齿轮的齿面被抛光以去除硬碳膜的熔滴并且使其表面平滑。抛光的齿部分的表面光洁度Ra为0.04μm。与涂覆有膜的齿轮相啮合的齿轮(驱动齿轮)未涂有硬碳膜。啮合(反转)齿轮的齿表面光洁度Ra为0.17μm。在下文中,只要未特别指明,示例和比较示例的齿部分都被磨光以使得涂覆有DLC(金刚石状碳)的齿轮的表面光洁度Ra在0.02μm到0.06μm范围内,并且没有DLC的齿轮的表面光洁度Ra在0.1μm到0.3μm范围内。由于DLC膜的特性导致难于进一步使得涂覆有DLC的齿轮表面进一步平滑,因此在DLC被形成在齿轮表面上之前预先对涂覆有DLC的齿轮进行磨光和抛光以使其平滑。在JIS(日本工业标准)B0601(:2001)中表面光洁度Ra被解释为Ra75。
使用能量循环型齿轮测试装置测量齿轮的动力传输效率。为了分别获得驱动齿轮及轴承的损失和被测试的齿轮的损失,必须执行各种调制,诸如驱动齿轮(反转齿轮)的特殊设计和轴承损失的独立测量。然而,由于在不用执行总损失的各个损失的独立检测的情况下从总损失的量级中可确定通过硬碳膜所获得的优点,因此可从与总损失对应的传输效率中作出示例和比较示例的评价。
更具体地说,使用能量循环型齿轮测试装置,在所测试的齿轮和反转齿轮被完全浸透在聚α-烯烃(PAO)油中并且与所测试的齿轮相啮合的驱动齿轮在6000rpm(驱动齿轮的转数)的速度下转动的条件下测量所测试的齿轮的总损失。
另一方面,除在比较示例1的齿轮上未形成有硬碳膜之外,比较示例1的齿轮在形状和材料方面与示例1的齿轮相同。在与示例1相同的条件下测量比较示例1的总损失。
[示例2和比较示例2]
在JIS中定义为SCM440H的铬钼钢用作示例2的齿轮的材料。该材料被加工成以下规格中所限定的齿轮,并且对于所加工的齿轮进行渗碳、淬火和回火处理。
<齿轮的规格>
齿轮的类型:正齿轮
模数:2mm
齿轮齿的数量:60(啮合齿轮的数量:20)
齿宽:3mm
示例2的上述齿轮被除油污并设置在真空腔室中。在所述真空腔室中通过孤离子电镀(AIP)工艺在示例2的齿轮的齿面上形成硬碳膜。每个齿中心部分处的硬碳膜的厚度为1.4μm。作为使用次级离子质谱法(SIMS)的测量结果,硬碳膜中的氢含量为0.1atom%。齿面被抛光以去除硬碳膜的熔滴并且使其表面平滑。与涂覆有膜的齿轮相啮合的齿轮(驱动齿轮)未涂有硬碳膜。
使用能量循环型齿轮测试装置,在所测试的齿轮和反转齿轮被完全浸透在聚α-烯烃(PAO)油中并且与所测试的齿轮相啮合的驱动齿轮在6000rpm(驱动齿轮的转数)的速度下转动的条件下测量所测试的齿轮的总损失。在100℃下所使用的聚α-烯烃的动力粘度为4.0cSt。在下文中,使用与示例2中所使用的相同的聚α-烯烃执行示例和比较示例的评价。
另一方面,除在比较示例2的齿轮上未形成有硬碳膜之外,比较示例2的齿轮在形状和材料方面与示例2的齿轮相同。在与示例2相同的条件下测量比较示例2的总损失。
[示例3和比较示例3]
在JIS(日本工业标准)中定义为SCM420H的铬钼钢用作示例3的齿轮的材料。该材料被加工成以下规格中所限定的齿轮,并且对于所加工的齿轮进行渗碳、淬火和回火处理。之后,对于所加工的齿轮进行最后修整。
<齿轮的规格>
齿轮的类型:正齿轮
模数:6mm
齿轮齿的数量:120(啮合齿轮的数量:40)
齿宽:12mm
示例3的上述齿轮被除油污并设置在真空腔室中。在所述真空腔室中通过孤离子电镀(AIP)工艺在示例3的齿轮的齿面上形成硬碳膜。每个齿中心部分处的硬碳膜的厚度为0.9μm。作为使用次级离子质谱法(SIMS)的测量结果,硬碳膜中的氢量为0.2atom%。齿面被抛光以去除硬碳膜的熔滴并且使其表面平滑。与涂覆有膜的齿轮相啮合的齿轮(驱动齿轮)未涂有硬碳膜。
使用能量循环型齿轮测试装置,在所测试的齿轮和反转齿轮被完全浸透在聚α-烯烃(PAO)油中并且与所测试的齿轮相啮合的驱动齿轮在9000rpm(驱动齿轮的转数)的速度下转动的条件下测量所测试的齿轮的总损失。
另一方面,除在比较示例3的齿轮上未形成有硬碳膜之外,比较示例3的齿轮在形状和材料方面与示例3的齿轮相同。在与示例3相同的条件下测量比较示例3的总损失。
[示例4和比较示例4]
在JIS中定义为SCM420H的铬钼钢用作示例4的齿轮的材料。该材料被加工成以下规格中所限定的齿轮,并且对于所加工的齿轮进行渗碳、淬火和回火处理。之后,对于所加工的齿轮进行最后修整。
<齿轮的规格>
齿轮的类型:正齿轮
模数:6mm
齿轮齿的数量:120(啮合齿轮的数量:40)
齿宽:12mm
示例4的上述齿轮被除油污并设置在真空腔室中。在所述真空腔室中通过磁控管喷射工艺在示例4的齿轮的齿面上形成硬碳膜。每个齿中心部分处的硬碳膜的厚度为1.3μm。作为使用次级离子质谱法(SIMS)的测量结果,膜中的氢量为0.1atom%。齿面被抛光以去除硬碳膜的熔滴并且使其表面平滑。与涂覆有膜的齿轮相啮合的齿轮(驱动齿轮)未涂有硬碳膜。
使用能量循环型齿轮测试装置,在所测试的齿轮和反转齿轮被完全浸透在聚α-烯烃(PAO)油中并且与所测试的齿轮相啮合的驱动齿轮在9000rpm(驱动齿轮的转数)的速度下转动的条件下测量所测试的齿轮的总损失。
另一方面,除在比较示例4的齿轮上未形成有硬碳膜之外,比较示例4的齿轮在形状和材料方面与示例4的齿轮相同。在与示例4相同的条件下测量比较示例4的总损失。
[示例5和比较示例5]
在JIS中定义为SCM440H的铬钼钢用作示例5的齿轮的材料。该材料被加工成以下规格中所限定的齿轮,并且对于所加工的齿轮进行渗碳、淬火和回火处理。之后,对于所加工的齿轮进行最后修整。
<齿轮的规格>
齿轮的类型:正齿轮
模数:2mm
齿轮齿的数量:60(啮合齿轮的数量:20)
齿宽:3mm
示例5的上述齿轮被除油污并设置在真空腔室中。在所述真空腔室中通过等离子CVD工艺在示例5的齿轮的齿面上形成硬碳膜。CVD工艺中所使用的气体为环己烷。每个齿中心部分处的硬碳膜的厚度为3.0μm。作为使用次级离子质谱法(SIMS)的测量结果,硬碳膜中的氢含量为25atom%。齿面被抛光以去除硬碳膜的熔滴并且使其表面平滑。与涂覆有膜的齿轮相啮合的齿轮(驱动齿轮)未涂有硬碳膜。
使用能量循环型齿轮测试装置,在所测试的齿轮和反转齿轮被完全浸透在聚α-烯烃(PAO)油中并且与所测试的齿轮相啮合的驱动齿轮在6000rpm(驱动齿轮的转数)的速度下转动的条件下测量所测试的齿轮的总损失。
另一方面,除在比较示例5的齿轮上未形成有硬碳膜之外,比较示例5的齿轮在形状和材料方面与示例5的齿轮相同。在与示例5相同的条件下测量比较示例5的总损失。
[示例6和比较示例6]
在JIS中定义为SCM420H的铬钼钢用作示例6的齿轮的材料。该材料被加工成以下规格中所限定的齿轮,并且对于所加工的齿轮进行渗碳、淬火和回火处理。
<齿轮的规格>
齿轮的类型:螺旋齿轮
与正齿轮相对应的模数:4mm
齿轮齿的数量:60(啮合齿轮的数量:60)
齿宽:20mm
螺旋角:12°
示例6的上述齿轮被刨光(修整)和除油污。之后,将示例6的齿轮设置在真空腔室中,并且在所述真空腔室中通过弧离子电镀(AIP)工艺在示例6的齿轮的齿面上形成硬碳膜。每个齿中心部分处的膜的厚度为1.0μm。作为使用次级离子质谱法(SIMS)的测量结果,硬碳膜中的氢含量为0.1atom%。
齿面被抛光以去除硬碳膜的熔滴并且使其表面平滑。与涂覆有膜的齿轮相啮合的齿轮(驱动齿轮)未涂有硬碳膜。
使用能量循环型齿轮测试装置,在所测试的齿轮和反转齿轮被完全浸透在聚α-烯烃(PAO)油中并且与所测试的齿轮相啮合的驱动齿轮在6000rpm(驱动齿轮的转数)的速度下转动的条件下测量所测试的齿轮的总损失。
另一方面,除在比较示例6的齿轮上未形成有硬碳膜之外,比较示例6的齿轮在形状和材料方面与示例6的齿轮相同。在与示例6相同的条件下测量比较示例6的总损失。
[示例7和比较示例7]
在JIS中定义为SCM440H的铬钼钢用作示例3的齿轮的材料。该材料被加工成以下规格中所限定的齿轮,并且对于所加工的齿轮进行渗碳、淬火和回火处理。之后,对于所加工的齿轮进行最后修整。
<齿轮的规格>
齿轮的类型:正齿轮
模数:2mm
齿轮齿的数量:60(啮合齿轮的数量:20)
齿宽:3mm
示例7的上述齿轮被除油污并设置在真空腔室中。在所述真空腔室中通过弧离子电镀(AIP)工艺在示例7的齿轮的齿面上形成硬碳膜。每个齿中心部分处的硬碳膜的厚度为1.1μm。作为使用次级离子质谱法(SIMS)的测量结果,膜中的氢含量为0.1atom%。齿面被抛光以去除膜的熔滴并且使其表面平滑。与涂覆有膜的齿轮相啮合的齿轮(驱动齿轮)也未涂有硬碳膜。驱动齿轮的每个齿中心部分处的硬碳膜的厚度为1.0μm。驱动齿轮的硬碳膜中的氢含量为0.1atom%。
使用能量循环型齿轮测试装置,在所测试的齿轮和反转齿轮被完全浸透在聚α-烯烃(PAO)油中并且与所测试的齿轮相啮合的驱动齿轮在6000rpm(驱动齿轮的转数)的速度下转动的条件下测量所测试的齿轮的总损失。
另一方面,除在比较示例7的齿轮上未形成有硬碳膜之外,比较示例7的齿轮在形状和材料方面与示例7的齿轮相同。在与示例7相同的条件下测量比较示例7的总损失。
[示例8和比较示例8]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例8和比较示例8中所使用的润滑剂是通过将酯成分与聚α-烯烃充分地混合所获得的润滑剂,所述酯成分是占润滑剂总量的重量百分比为3%的脂肪甘油一酸酯(脂肪酸的主要成分是油酸)。示例8和比较示例8的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例8和比较示例8的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例9和比较示例9]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例9和比较示例9中所使用的润滑剂是通过将酯成分与聚α-烯烃充分地混合所获得的润滑剂,所述酯成分是占润滑剂总量的重量百分比为2%的脂肪甘油一酸酯(脂肪酸的主要成分是棕榈酸)。示例9和比较示例9的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例9和比较示例9的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例10和比较示例10]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例10和比较示例10中所使用的润滑剂是通过将酯成分与聚α-烯烃充分地混合所获得的润滑剂,所述酯成分是占润滑剂总量的重量百分比为7%的脂肪甘油一酸酯(脂肪酸的主要成分是硬脂酸)。示例10和比较示例10的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例10和比较示例10的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例11和比较示例11]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例11和比较示例11中所使用的润滑剂是通过将酯成分与聚α-烯烃充分地混合所获得的润滑剂,所述酯成分是占润滑剂总量的重量百分比为2%的硬脂酸丁酯。示例11和比较示例11的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例11和比较示例11的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例12和比较示例12]
在JIS(日本工业标准)中定义为SCM440H的铬钼钢用作示例12的齿轮的材料。该材料被加工成以下规格中所限定的齿轮,并且对于所加工的齿轮进行渗碳、淬火和回火处理。之后,对于所加工的齿轮进行最后修整。齿轮被装配成2K-H类型的行星齿轮机构。在齿轮的评价中,恒星齿轮用作环齿轮被固定于其上的输入齿轮,而行星齿轮的载体用作输出。
<齿轮的规格>
齿轮的类型:正齿轮
模数:2mm
恒星齿轮的齿轮齿的数量:60
行星齿轮的齿轮齿的数量:24
环齿轮的齿轮齿的数量:144
行星齿轮的数量:3
齿宽:6mm
示例12的恒星齿轮和行星齿轮被除油污并设置在真空腔室中。在所述真空腔室中通过孤离子电镀(AIP)工艺在齿轮的齿面上形成硬碳膜。恒星齿轮中心部分处的膜的厚度为1.7μm。作为使用次级离子质谱法(SIMS)的测量结果,膜中的氢含量为0.1atom%。齿面被抛光以去除硬碳膜的熔滴并且使其表面平滑。环齿轮未涂有硬碳膜。
使用能量循环型齿轮测试装置,在所测试的齿轮被完全浸透在聚α-烯烃(PAO)油中并且所测试的齿轮在6000rpm(恒星齿轮的转数)的速度下转动的条件下测量所测试的齿轮的总损失。
另一方面,除在比较示例12的齿轮上未形成有硬碳膜之外,比较示例12的齿轮在形状和材料方面与示例12的齿轮相同。在与示例12相同的条件下测量比较示例12的总损失。
[示例13和比较示例13]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例13和比较示例13中所使用的润滑剂是由类型2和粘度分级ISO VG220的JIS工业齿轮油。示例13和比较示例13的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例13和比较示例13的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例14和比较示例14]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例14和比较示例14中所使用的润滑剂是通过将酯成分与类型2的粘度分级ISO VG220的JIS工业齿轮油充分地混合所获得的润滑剂,所述酯成分是占润滑剂总量的重量百分比为5%的脂肪甘油一酸酯(脂肪酸的主要成分是硬脂酸)。示例14和比较示例14的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例14和比较示例14的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例15和比较示例15]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例15和比较示例15中所使用的润滑剂是通过将酯成分与类型2的JIS-2213K所限定的JIS工业齿轮油充分地混合所获得的润滑剂,所述酯成分是占润滑剂总量的重量百分比为4%的脂肪甘油一酸酯(脂肪酸的主要成分是硬脂酸)。示例15和比较示例15的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例15和比较示例15的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例16和比较示例16]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例7和比较示例7的齿轮。更具体地说,与示例10和11中所使用的相同,示例16和比较示例16中所使用的润滑剂是通过将酯成分与聚α-烯烃充分地混合所获得的润滑剂,所述酯成分是重量百分比为7%的脂肪甘油一酸酯(脂肪酸的主要成分是硬脂酸)。示例16和比较示例16的其他条件与示例7的条件相同。示例16和比较示例16的评价也与示例7和比较示例7的评价相同。
[示例17和比较示例17]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例17和比较示例17中所使用的润滑剂是通过将酯成分与聚α-烯烃充分地混合所获得的润滑剂,所述酯成分是重量百分比为2%的脂肪甘油二酯(脂肪酸的主要成分是硬脂酸)。示例17和比较示例17的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例17和比较示例17的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例18和比较示例18]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例18和比较示例18中所使用的润滑剂是通过将重量百分比为0.8%的在一个分子中具有两个羟基的频哪醇与聚α-烯烃充分地混合所获得的润滑剂。示例18和比较示例18的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例18和比较示例18的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例19和比较示例19]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例19和比较示例19中所使用的润滑剂是通过将重量百分比为2%的1,10-decandiol与聚α-烯烃充分地混合所获得的润滑剂。示例19和比较示例19的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例19和比较示例19的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例20和比较示例20]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例20和比较示例20中所使用的润滑剂是通过将重量百分比为2%的十二烷醇与聚α-烯烃充分地混合所获得的润滑剂。示例20和比较示例20的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例20和比较示例20的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例21和比较示例21]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例21和比较示例21中所使用的润滑剂是甘油。在所述甘油中未加入添加剂。示例21和比较示例21的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例21和比较示例21的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
[示例22和比较示例22]
在不同的测试条件下评价示例2和比较示例2的齿轮。更具体地说,示例22和比较示例22中所使用的润滑剂是乙二醇。在乙二醇中未加入添加剂。示例22和比较示例22的其他条件与示例2的条件相同。示例22和比较示例22的评价也与示例2的评价相同。
关于示例1到22和比较示例1到22,在表1中示出了其动力传输效率的测量结果,还示出了齿轮的规格,诸如材料、模数、齿数、膜形成方法、硬碳膜中的氢含量以及润滑剂的种类。
如从表1中可明显看出,分别与比较示例1到22相比较,本发明所涉及的示例1到22实行卓越的动力传输效率。特别地,示例21实行卓越的动力传输效率。此外,在润滑剂的选择被限制在使得润滑剂通常用作其他滑动对偶的情况下示例16是优选的。在权衡考虑成本和动力传输效率两者的情况下,示例8到10是优选的。
使用本发明所涉及的如此布置的齿轮,通过在至少一部分齿轮齿面上覆以硬碳膜,可大大地减小齿轮相对于反转齿轮(啮合齿轮)的摩擦。而且,通过使用特定混和的润滑剂,可有利地进一步减小齿轮的摩擦。这使得齿轮在动力传输效率方面进一步改进。特别地,在可自由选择润滑剂的情况下,通过其中醇基用作润滑剂的主要成分的润滑剂实现了大大改进的动力传输效率。而且,本发明所涉及的齿轮最适用于具有大量齿轮啮合部分的机构,诸如行星齿轮机构和减速机构。当在所述机构中使用该齿轮时,进一步改进了动力传输效率。
表1-(1)
示例/比较示例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
材料 | SCM420H | SCM440H | SCM420H | SCM420H | SCM440H | SCM420H | SCM440H | SCM440H |
模数(mm) | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
齿数 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 60 | 60 | 60(螺旋) | 60 | 60 |
膜形成方法 | AIP | AIP | AIP | 喷射 | 等离子CVD | AIP | AIP(所有齿轮) | AIP |
H含量(atom%) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 25 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
润滑剂 | PAO | PAO | PAO | PAO | PAO | PAO | PAO | PAO+油酸甘油一酸酯 |
示例传输效率(%) | 975 | 97.0 | 96.9 | 97.7 | 95.1 | 96.8 | 99.0 | 98.1 |
比较示例传输效率(%) | 933 | 93.1 | 942 | 93.1 | 93.1 | 94.0 | 93.1 | 94.4 |
表1-(2)
示例/比较示例 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
材料 | SCM440H | SCM440H | SCM440H | SCM440H | SCM440H | SCM440H | SCM440H |
模数(mm) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
齿数 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 60/24/1442K-H行星齿轮机构 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
膜形成方法 | AIP | AIP | AIP | AIP | AIP | AIP | AIP |
H含量(atom%) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
润滑剂 | PAO+棕榈酸甘油一酸酯 | PAO+硬脂酸甘油一酸酯 | PAO+硬脂酸丁酯(硬脂酸丁酯) | PAO | 齿轮油 | 齿轮油+硬脂酸甘油一酸酯 | 涡轮油+硬脂酸甘油一酸酯 |
示例传输效率(%) | 97.9 | 98.4 | 97.7 | 93.3 | 95.5 | 96.7 | 94.7 |
比较示例传输效率(%) | 93.5 | 94.6 | 94.4 | 86.0 | 92.5 | 92.2 | 91.1 |
表1-(3)
示例/比较示例 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
材料 | SCM440H | SCM440H | SCM440H | SCM440H | SCM440H | SCM440H | SCM440H |
模数(mm) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
齿数 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
膜形成方法 | AIP(所有齿轮) | AIP | AIP | AIP | AIP | AIP | AIP |
H含量(atom%) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
润滑剂 | PAO+硬脂酸甘油一酸酯 | PAO+硬脂酸甘油二酯 | PAO+频哪醇 | PAO+1,10decanediol | PAO+十二烷醇 | 甘油 | 乙二醇 |
示例传输效率(%) | 99.2 | 97.9 | 97.1 | 97.8 | 97.6 | 993 | 99.2 |
比较示例传输效率(%) | 94.6 | 93.2 | 93.2 | 93.3 | 93.7 | 92.7 | 91.6 |
注*AIP:弧离子电镀工艺、PAO:聚α-烯烃。
本发明是基于日本的2003年7月31日所申请的日本专利申请No.2003-204238和2004年4月23日所申请的No.2004-127632而提出的。这里合并参考这些日本专利申请的全部内容。
尽管上面已结合本发明的某些实施例描述了本发明,但是本发明不局限于以上所述的实施例。本领域普通技术人员可根据以上技术对上述实施例进行修正和改变。本发明的范围如以下权利要求所限定的。
Claims (15)
1.一种齿轮,所述齿轮包括:
齿面;以及
形成在所述齿面至少一部分上的硬碳膜。
2.如权利要求1中所述的齿轮,其特征在于,硬碳膜中的氢含量小于或等于1原子百分比。
3.如权利要求2中所述的齿轮,其特征在于,硬碳膜中的氢含量小于或等于0.3原子百分比。
4.如权利要求1到3中任意一项所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述齿轮用作行星齿轮机构的齿轮。
5.如权利要求1到4中任意一项所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述齿轮用作减速机构的齿轮。
6.如权利要求1到5中任意一项所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述齿轮用在润滑剂中。
7.如权利要求6中所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述润滑剂包括使用聚α-烯烃(PAO)作为基油的混合物。
8.如权利要求6和7中任一所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述润滑剂包括包含羟基的添加剂。
9.如权利要求8中所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述添加剂在一个分子中包括两个或多个羟基。
10.如权利要求6到9中任意一项所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述润滑剂中的添加剂包括酯。
11.如权利要求6到8中任意一项所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述润滑剂中的添加剂包括甘油单酯。
12.如权利要求6中所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述润滑剂的主要成分是羟基化合物。
13.如权利要求12中所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述羟基化合物包括醇。
14.如权利要求13中所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述醇包括甘油。
15.如权利要求13中所述的齿轮,其特征在于,所述醇包括乙二醇。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP204238/2003 | 2003-07-31 | ||
JP2003204238 | 2003-07-31 | ||
JP127632/2004 | 2004-04-23 | ||
JP2004127632A JP4863152B2 (ja) | 2003-07-31 | 2004-04-23 | 歯車 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1580613A true CN1580613A (zh) | 2005-02-16 |
CN100394076C CN100394076C (zh) | 2008-06-11 |
Family
ID=33543572
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2004100587835A Expired - Fee Related CN100394076C (zh) | 2003-07-31 | 2004-07-30 | 齿轮的使用方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20050025975A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1503113B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4863152B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100394076C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602004014074D1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100593655C (zh) * | 2006-07-31 | 2010-03-10 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 高强度齿轮、其生产方法和使用其的动力传动机构 |
CN106662234A (zh) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-05-10 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 齿轮副 |
CN110312782A (zh) * | 2017-02-21 | 2019-10-08 | 协同油脂株式会社 | 减速机用润滑剂组合物和减速机 |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3555844B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-09 | 2004-08-18 | 三宅 正二郎 | 摺動部材およびその製造方法 |
US8458879B2 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2013-06-11 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd., A Wholly Owned Subsidiary Of Palmaz Scientific, Inc. | Method of fabricating an implantable medical device |
US6969198B2 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2005-11-29 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction sliding mechanism |
JP3891433B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-15 | 2007-03-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料噴射弁 |
EP1479946B1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2012-12-19 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Piston for internal combustion engine |
JP2005008851A (ja) * | 2003-05-29 | 2005-01-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 硬質炭素薄膜付き機械加工工具用切削油及び硬質炭素薄膜付き機械加工工具 |
US8206035B2 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2012-06-26 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction sliding mechanism, low-friction agent composition and method of friction reduction |
JP4973971B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2012-07-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
JP4117553B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-13 | 2008-07-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | チェーン駆動装置 |
US7771821B2 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2010-08-10 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction sliding member and low-friction sliding mechanism using same |
EP1508611B1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2019-04-17 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Transmission comprising low-friction sliding members and transmission oil therefor |
JP4696823B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-06 | 2011-06-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 金属複合ダイヤモンドライクカーボン(dlc)皮膜、その形成方法、及び摺動部材 |
WO2007064332A1 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Metal-free diamond-like-carbon coatings |
AT9168U1 (de) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-05-15 | Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag | Betriebsbereites getriebe, betriebsflüssigkeit für ein solches und verfahren zu dessen erstinbetriebnahme |
US9139797B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2015-09-22 | Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co. Kg | Operable transmission, working fluid for such a transmission, and method for commissioning the same |
EP2014748B1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2020-09-30 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction lubrication assembly |
JP2009067873A (ja) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-04-02 | Adeka Corp | 潤滑剤組成物及びそれを含有する潤滑油組成物 |
EP2345749B1 (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2015-12-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gear assembly and wind turbine |
US9416332B2 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2016-08-16 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Gear assembly and gear oil composition |
JP6000970B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-17 | 2016-10-05 | マグナ インターナショナル インコーポレイテッド | レーザビーム溶接 |
CN103307229A (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-09-18 | 江苏赫夫特齿轮制造有限公司 | 内齿圈结构 |
GB201317278D0 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2013-11-13 | Croda Int Plc | Gear oil composition |
DE102015221654A1 (de) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-04 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Probelauf mit Glycerin |
Family Cites Families (439)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1461A (en) | 1839-12-31 | Improvement in fire-arms | ||
DE643034C (de) | 1934-09-24 | 1937-03-22 | Tito Brunetti | Sicherheitsvorrichtung fuer Brennkraftmaschinen |
US2339715A (en) * | 1942-07-13 | 1944-01-18 | Shell Dev | Low temperature grease |
US2609342A (en) * | 1949-12-03 | 1952-09-02 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Lubricant |
US2716972A (en) | 1952-02-04 | 1955-09-06 | Farny Paul | Lubrication of engine valves by fuel leakage |
CH316412A (de) | 1952-02-19 | 1956-10-15 | Hoechst Ag | Hydraulische Flüssigkeit |
NL104477C (zh) | 1957-03-05 | |||
US4385880A (en) | 1957-06-27 | 1983-05-31 | Lemelson Jerome H | Shock wave processing apparatus |
US5462772A (en) | 1957-06-27 | 1995-10-31 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Methods for forming artificial diamond |
US4702808A (en) | 1957-06-27 | 1987-10-27 | Lemelson Jerome H | Chemical reaction apparatus and method |
US5021628A (en) | 1970-11-30 | 1991-06-04 | Lemelson Jerome H | Apparatus and method for reacting on matter |
US4874596A (en) | 1957-06-27 | 1989-10-17 | Lemelson Jerome H | Production of crystalline structures |
US3211653A (en) | 1958-12-31 | 1965-10-12 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hypoid gear lubricants for slip-lock differentials |
US5131941A (en) | 1959-04-08 | 1992-07-21 | Lemelson Jerome H | Reaction apparatus and method |
US5552675A (en) | 1959-04-08 | 1996-09-03 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | High temperature reaction apparatus |
NL296138A (zh) | 1963-08-02 | |||
US3846162A (en) | 1968-10-21 | 1974-11-05 | Texas Instruments Inc | Metal carbonitride coatings |
SE351012B (zh) * | 1970-10-01 | 1972-11-13 | Atlas Copco Ab | |
US4367130A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1983-01-04 | Lemelson Jerome H | Chemical reaction |
JPS533446B2 (zh) * | 1973-11-01 | 1978-02-07 | ||
US4031023A (en) | 1976-02-19 | 1977-06-21 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions and methods utilizing hydroxy thioethers |
US4367160A (en) * | 1979-09-21 | 1983-01-04 | Monsanto Company | Oxidants for gasifying carbon-containing materials |
AT382215B (de) | 1982-09-20 | 1987-01-26 | Miba Gleitlager Ag | Hydrodynamisches gleitlager |
US4554208A (en) | 1983-12-27 | 1985-11-19 | General Motors Corporation | Metal bearing surface having an adherent score-resistant coating |
DE3560285D1 (en) * | 1984-04-20 | 1987-07-30 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Process for the preparation of polysulfurised olefins, products so obtained and their use as additives for lubricants |
US4755237A (en) | 1984-11-26 | 1988-07-05 | Lemelson Jerome H | Methods for making cutting tools |
US4712982A (en) | 1985-03-25 | 1987-12-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho | Variable displacement wobble plate type compressor with guide means for wobble plate |
EP0221531A3 (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1992-02-19 | Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | High heat conductive insulated substrate and method of manufacturing the same |
US4755426A (en) | 1986-01-18 | 1988-07-05 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Magnetic recording medium and production of the same |
US4933058A (en) | 1986-01-23 | 1990-06-12 | The Gillette Company | Formation of hard coatings on cutting edges |
GB8602627D0 (en) | 1986-02-04 | 1986-03-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Marine lubricating composition |
CN1018655B (zh) * | 1987-03-23 | 1992-10-14 | 上海工业大学 | 润滑油磷氮型无灰抗磨添加剂 |
US5067826A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1991-11-26 | Lemelson Jerome H | Ball and roller bearings and bearing components |
US5360227A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1994-11-01 | Lemelson Jerome H | Skis and runners |
US6083570A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 2000-07-04 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Synthetic diamond coatings with intermediate amorphous metal bonding layers and methods of applying such coatings |
US4960643A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1990-10-02 | Lemelson Jerome H | Composite synthetic materials |
US5132587A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1992-07-21 | Lemelson Jerome H | Spark plug electrodes |
US5332348A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1994-07-26 | Lemelson Jerome H | Fastening devices |
US4859493A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1989-08-22 | Lemelson Jerome H | Methods of forming synthetic diamond coatings on particles using microwaves |
US5096352A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1992-03-17 | Lemelson Jerome H | Diamond coated fasteners |
US5255929A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1993-10-26 | Lemelson Jerome H | Blade for ice skate |
US5040501A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1991-08-20 | Lemelson Jerome H | Valves and valve components |
US5288556A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1994-02-22 | Lemelson Jerome H | Gears and gear assemblies |
JP2599383B2 (ja) | 1987-04-11 | 1997-04-09 | 出光興産 株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
JP2555284B2 (ja) | 1987-05-14 | 1996-11-20 | 出光興産株式会社 | 温度特性改良潤滑油組成物 |
US4831977A (en) | 1987-07-17 | 1989-05-23 | Ethyl Corporation | Pistons with wear resistant solid film lubricant coatings |
GB2208753B (en) | 1987-08-13 | 1991-06-26 | Commw Of Australia | Improvements in plasma generators |
DE3885827T2 (de) | 1987-09-18 | 1994-03-17 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Hermetisch verschlossene, optische Fasern. |
US5000541A (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1991-03-19 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Hermetically sealed optical fibers |
WO1989006338A1 (en) | 1988-01-04 | 1989-07-13 | The Commonwealth Of Australia | Infrared signature control mechanism |
FI79351C (fi) * | 1988-01-18 | 1989-12-11 | Asko Anttila | Foerfarande och anordning foer ytbelaeggning av material. |
GB8801366D0 (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1988-02-17 | Secr Defence | Infra red transparent materials |
US5190824A (en) * | 1988-03-07 | 1993-03-02 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic-erasing abrasion-proof coating |
US4834400A (en) | 1988-03-15 | 1989-05-30 | University Of New Mexico | Differential surface roughness dynamic seals and bearings |
US4898131A (en) | 1988-03-18 | 1990-02-06 | Honda Giken Kogyo K.K. | Valve actuating mechanism for internal combustion mechanism |
DE3809734C1 (zh) | 1988-03-23 | 1989-05-03 | Helmut Prof. Dr. 7805 Boetzingen De Haberland | |
US5866195A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1999-02-02 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Methods for forming diamond-coated superconductor wire |
DE3815457A1 (de) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-16 | Sipra Patent Beteiligung | Strickmaschine |
US5202156A (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1993-04-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of making an optical element mold with a hard carbon film |
GB8821944D0 (en) | 1988-09-19 | 1988-10-19 | Gillette Co | Method & apparatus for forming surface of workpiece |
GB8826857D0 (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1988-12-21 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Water based functional fluids |
US4919974A (en) * | 1989-01-12 | 1990-04-24 | Ford Motor Company | Making diamond composite coated cutting tools |
US4992082A (en) * | 1989-01-12 | 1991-02-12 | Ford Motor Company | Method of toughening diamond coated tools |
US4988421A (en) * | 1989-01-12 | 1991-01-29 | Ford Motor Company | Method of toughening diamond coated tools |
US5187021A (en) * | 1989-02-08 | 1993-02-16 | Diamond Fiber Composites, Inc. | Coated and whiskered fibers for use in composite materials |
US4981717A (en) | 1989-02-24 | 1991-01-01 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Diamond like coating and method of forming |
US4943345A (en) | 1989-03-23 | 1990-07-24 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Plasma reactor apparatus and method for treating a substrate |
JPH0620464B2 (ja) | 1989-04-03 | 1994-03-23 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 医療用切開、圧入器具およびその製造方法 |
AU631037B2 (en) | 1989-12-28 | 1992-11-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Hard and lubricant thin film of amorphous carbon-hydrogen-silicon, iron base metallic material coated therewith, and the process for producing the same |
US5087608A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1992-02-11 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Environmental protection and patterning of superconducting perovskites |
US5299938A (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1994-04-05 | Waltho Barry S | Display apparatus |
US5112025A (en) | 1990-02-22 | 1992-05-12 | Tdk Corporation | Molds having wear resistant release coatings |
JP2514097B2 (ja) | 1990-03-15 | 1996-07-10 | 帝国ピストンリング株式会社 | シリンダライナ |
US5349265A (en) | 1990-03-16 | 1994-09-20 | Lemelson Jerome H | Synthetic diamond coated electrodes and filaments |
USH1210H (en) | 1990-04-04 | 1993-07-06 | Surface hardening of reprographic machine components by coating or treatment processes | |
US5568391A (en) | 1990-05-29 | 1996-10-22 | Mckee; Lance D. | Automated tile mosaic creation system |
GB9019219D0 (en) | 1990-09-01 | 1990-10-17 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Diamond-like carbon coatings |
JPH0796750B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-13 | 1995-10-18 | ワイケイケイ株式会社 | 連続スプレー染色の色替装置 |
US5190807A (en) * | 1990-10-18 | 1993-03-02 | Diamonex, Incorporated | Abrasion wear resistant polymeric substrate product |
EP0484699B1 (de) * | 1990-11-05 | 1993-08-18 | Detlev Dr. Repenning | Reibpaarung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
FR2669689B1 (fr) | 1990-11-23 | 1994-12-30 | Renault | Bielle sans coussinet de pied et procede de realisation. |
US5127314A (en) | 1990-11-30 | 1992-07-07 | General Motors Corporation | Compensating cam socket plate torque restraint assembly for a variable displacement compressor |
US5143634A (en) | 1991-01-17 | 1992-09-01 | Amoco Corporation | Anti-wear engine and lubricating oil |
CA2060823C (en) | 1991-02-08 | 2002-09-10 | Naoya Omori | Diamond-or diamond-like carbon-coated hard materials |
CA2065581C (en) | 1991-04-22 | 2002-03-12 | Andal Corp. | Plasma enhancement apparatus and method for physical vapor deposition |
US5142785A (en) | 1991-04-26 | 1992-09-01 | The Gillette Company | Razor technology |
JP3439761B2 (ja) | 1991-04-26 | 2003-08-25 | ザ ジレット カンパニー | かみそり刃に関する改良 |
US5352493A (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1994-10-04 | Veniamin Dorfman | Method for forming diamond-like nanocomposite or doped-diamond-like nanocomposite films |
US5718976A (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1998-02-17 | Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. | Erosion resistant diamond-like nanocomposite coatings for optical components |
US5232568A (en) | 1991-06-24 | 1993-08-03 | The Gillette Company | Razor technology |
DE4125165A1 (de) | 1991-07-30 | 1993-02-04 | Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag | Gebranntes, keramisches erzeugnis mit strukturierter oberflaeche und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US5669144A (en) | 1991-11-15 | 1997-09-23 | The Gillette Company | Razor blade technology |
ZA928617B (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-05-11 | Gillette Co | Shaving system. |
US5334306A (en) | 1991-12-11 | 1994-08-02 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Metallized paths on diamond surfaces |
US5255783A (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1993-10-26 | Fluoroware, Inc. | Evacuated wafer container |
US5317938A (en) | 1992-01-16 | 1994-06-07 | Duke University | Method for making microstructural surgical instruments |
US5295305B1 (en) * | 1992-02-13 | 1996-08-13 | Gillette Co | Razor blade technology |
US5359170A (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1994-10-25 | At&T Global Information Solutions Company | Apparatus for bonding external leads of an integrated circuit |
US5326488A (en) | 1992-02-18 | 1994-07-05 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Mannich reaction product and process for producing the same and use of the product |
RU2004586C1 (ru) | 1992-04-07 | 1993-12-15 | Транснациональна межотраслева компани "Нокпекс" | Способ получени смазочного масла |
CN1077736A (zh) * | 1992-04-14 | 1993-10-27 | 上海工业大学 | 13,14双羟基二十二酸抗磨剂及其使用方法 |
GB9211402D0 (en) | 1992-05-29 | 1992-07-15 | Univ Manchester | Sensor devices |
US5443032A (en) | 1992-06-08 | 1995-08-22 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method for the manufacture of large single crystals |
US5299937A (en) * | 1992-07-29 | 1994-04-05 | Si Diamond Technology, Inc. | Dental instruments having diamond-like working surface |
US5851962A (en) | 1992-08-18 | 1998-12-22 | Ethyl Japan Corporation | Lubricant composition for wet clutch or wet brake |
US5249554A (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1993-10-05 | Ford Motor Company | Powertrain component with adherent film having a graded composition |
US5237967A (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1993-08-24 | Ford Motor Company | Powertrain component with amorphous hydrogenated carbon film |
EP0606553A2 (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1994-07-20 | Conoco Inc. | An ester base oil for lubricant compounds and process of making an ester base oil from an organic reaction by-product |
EP0619504A1 (de) | 1993-04-08 | 1994-10-12 | Optische Werke G. Rodenstock | Antireflex-Belag |
JPH06340081A (ja) | 1993-04-19 | 1994-12-13 | Xerox Corp | 全幅インクジェットプリンタ用プリントヘッドメンテナンス装置 |
JPH06320744A (ja) | 1993-04-19 | 1994-11-22 | Xerox Corp | 全巾インクジェットプリンタ用の湿式拭い保守装置 |
USH1471H (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1995-08-01 | Braun David J | Metal substrate double sided circuit board |
USH1461H (en) | 1993-05-10 | 1995-07-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Abrasion resistant diamond like coating for optical fiber and method of forming the coating |
US5380196A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1995-01-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Orthodontic bracket with archwire slot liner |
DE4316012C2 (de) | 1993-05-13 | 1998-09-24 | Gehring Gmbh & Co Maschf | Verfahren zur Feinbearbeitung von Werkstück-Oberflächen |
US5358402A (en) | 1993-05-13 | 1994-10-25 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Ceramic orthodontic bracket with archwire slot liner |
WO1994026425A1 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 1994-11-24 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Laser absorption wave deposition process |
US5433977A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-07-18 | Trustees Of Boston University | Enhanced adherence of diamond coatings by combustion flame CVD |
KR0134942B1 (ko) | 1993-06-11 | 1998-06-15 | 이다가끼 유끼오 | 비정질 경질 탄소막 및 그 제조 방법 |
US5740941A (en) | 1993-08-16 | 1998-04-21 | Lemelson; Jerome | Sheet material with coating |
BE1008229A3 (nl) | 1993-10-29 | 1996-02-20 | Vito | Werkwijze voor het aanbrengen van een tegen slijtage beschermende laag op een substraat. |
US5482602A (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1996-01-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Broad-beam ion deposition coating methods for depositing diamond-like-carbon coatings on dynamic surfaces |
US5401543A (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 1995-03-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for forming macroparticle-free DLC films by cathodic arc discharge |
US5447208A (en) | 1993-11-22 | 1995-09-05 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Superhard cutting element having reduced surface roughness and method of modifying |
EP0661470A3 (en) | 1993-12-27 | 1996-08-14 | Starlite Ind | Smooth and hanging contact bearing. |
JPH07197068A (ja) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-08-01 | Tonen Corp | 潤滑油組成物 |
US5731046A (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1998-03-24 | Qqc, Inc. | Fabrication of diamond and diamond-like carbon coatings |
US5479069A (en) | 1994-02-18 | 1995-12-26 | Winsor Corporation | Planar fluorescent lamp with metal body and serpentine channel |
US5541566A (en) | 1994-02-28 | 1996-07-30 | Olin Corporation | Diamond-like carbon coating for magnetic cores |
US5593719A (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1997-01-14 | Southwest Research Institute | Treatments to reduce frictional wear between components made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and metal alloys |
JPH07286649A (ja) * | 1994-04-18 | 1995-10-31 | Nippon Seiko Kk | トロイダル形無段変速機 |
CZ293994B6 (cs) | 1994-04-25 | 2004-09-15 | The Gillette Company | Holicí břit, způsob jeho výroby, a holicí jednotka |
BE1008338A5 (nl) | 1994-04-26 | 1996-04-02 | Cobrain Nv | Multifrequente inductieve werkwijze en inrichting voor het bewerken van materiaal. |
JP3512231B2 (ja) * | 1994-05-10 | 2004-03-29 | 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 | 自動変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
AU3124295A (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1995-12-05 | Pravin Mistry | Surface treatment techniques |
US5516729A (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1996-05-14 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Method for planarizing a semiconductor topography using a spin-on glass material with a variable chemical-mechanical polish rate |
US5502156A (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 1996-03-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Electrically conducting polyimide film containing tin complexes |
US5464667A (en) | 1994-08-16 | 1995-11-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Jet plasma process and apparatus |
US5630275A (en) | 1994-08-23 | 1997-05-20 | Warner-Lambert Company | Multi-blade razor head with improved performance |
US5551959A (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1996-09-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article having a diamond-like coating layer and method for making same |
US6197428B1 (en) | 1994-08-26 | 2001-03-06 | Deposition Sciences, Inc. | Gemstones and decorative objects comprising a substrate and an optical interference film |
US5619889A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1997-04-15 | Fed Corporation | Method of making microstructural surgical instruments |
WO1996012389A1 (en) | 1994-10-18 | 1996-04-25 | Edsi, Inc. | Apparatus for depositing a layer of material on a substrate |
US5461648A (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1995-10-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Supercritical water oxidation reactor with a corrosion-resistant lining |
US5975686A (en) | 1994-10-31 | 1999-11-02 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Regulator for a free-ink inkjet pen |
US5529815A (en) | 1994-11-03 | 1996-06-25 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Apparatus and method for forming diamond coating |
US5641731A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1997-06-24 | Ashland, Inc. | Motor oil performance-enhancing formulation |
WO1996024488A1 (en) | 1995-02-01 | 1996-08-15 | Si Diamond Technology, Inc. | Diamond coated copper optics |
DE19507086C2 (de) | 1995-03-01 | 1997-01-30 | Danfoss As | Wasserhydraulik-Regelventil |
US5458927A (en) | 1995-03-08 | 1995-10-17 | General Motors Corporation | Process for the formation of wear- and scuff-resistant carbon coatings |
US5901021A (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1999-05-04 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Thin-film magnetic head |
US5616372A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-04-01 | Syndia Corporation | Method of applying a wear-resistant diamond coating to a substrate |
US5714202A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1998-02-03 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Synthetic diamond overlays for gas turbine engine parts having thermal barrier coatings |
US5688557A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-11-18 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | Method of depositing synthetic diamond coatings with intermediates bonding layers |
US5834708A (en) | 1995-06-08 | 1998-11-10 | Spectra-Physics Scanning Systems, Inc. | Multiple plane weigh platter for multiple plane scanning systems |
SE521725C2 (sv) | 1995-09-20 | 2003-12-02 | Uponor Innovation Ab | Ihålig produkt av termoplastmaterial samt sätt för extrudering av densamma |
US5927897A (en) | 1995-07-14 | 1999-07-27 | Attar; Adil | Housingless abrasion resistant pavement marker |
AU696412B2 (en) | 1995-08-14 | 1998-09-10 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluorescent lamp |
DE19530511C1 (de) | 1995-08-18 | 1997-02-20 | Alcan Gmbh | Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren |
AUPN547495A0 (en) | 1995-09-15 | 1995-10-12 | Uponor B.V. | Sizing apparatus |
WO1997014555A1 (en) * | 1995-10-03 | 1997-04-24 | Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. | Diamond-like nanocomposite thin films for automotive powertrain component coatings |
US6468642B1 (en) | 1995-10-03 | 2002-10-22 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Fluorine-doped diamond-like coatings |
EP0856042B9 (en) | 1995-10-18 | 2011-12-21 | Infineum USA L.P. | Automatic transmission with an automatic transmission fluid of improved friction durability |
WO1997016138A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1997-05-09 | Wright Medical Technology, Inc. | Low-wear ball and cup joint prosthesis |
KR0152251B1 (ko) * | 1995-11-02 | 1998-10-15 | 장진 | 층 .층 .층 제작 방법에 의한 유사다이아몬드 박막 제조 방법 |
JPH09164693A (ja) | 1995-11-27 | 1997-06-24 | Xerox Corp | 保守用消耗品を備えた液体インクプリンタ |
US5790146A (en) | 1995-12-04 | 1998-08-04 | Xerox Corporation | Fluid applicator for maintenance of liquid ink printers |
US5672054A (en) | 1995-12-07 | 1997-09-30 | Carrier Corporation | Rotary compressor with reduced lubrication sensitivity |
AT409409B (de) | 1996-01-30 | 2002-08-26 | Glyco Metall Werke | Gleitlagerelement mit schmieröltaschen |
US5824387A (en) | 1996-02-05 | 1998-10-20 | Seagate Technology, Inc. | Magnetic disc with carbon protective layer having regions differing in hardness |
DE19704224A1 (de) | 1996-02-19 | 1997-08-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Verbindungsanordnung zwischen einem Hubkolben und einer Pleuelstange |
US6753635B2 (en) | 1996-04-05 | 2004-06-22 | Hi Per Con | Management of contact spots between an electrical brush and substrate |
US5871805A (en) * | 1996-04-08 | 1999-02-16 | Lemelson; Jerome | Computer controlled vapor deposition processes |
WO1997039876A1 (fr) | 1996-04-19 | 1997-10-30 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Couche mince en polyamide aromatique, son procede de fabrication et support d'enregistrement magnetique l'utilisant |
US5952102A (en) | 1996-05-13 | 1999-09-14 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Diamond coated WC and WC-based composites with high apparent toughness |
WO1997046484A1 (fr) | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-11 | R. Amtekh International, Inc. | Procede de production de revetements conformes a base de carbone et de type diamant, revetement dur a base de carbone et de type diamant, et materiau de filtration poreux faisant appel a ces revetements |
EP0816112A3 (en) | 1996-07-02 | 1998-10-07 | Corning Incorporated | Method and apparatus for printing color filters |
WO1998001600A1 (fr) | 1996-07-08 | 1998-01-15 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Bague de guidage et procede de formation d'un film sur une bague de guidage |
US5783261A (en) | 1996-07-11 | 1998-07-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Using a coated fuel injector and method of making |
WO1998002715A1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-22 | Phase Metrics | Coatings for simultaneous control of tribological and optical properties of interferometric reference surfaces |
JPH1082390A (ja) | 1996-07-18 | 1998-03-31 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 摺動部材、圧縮機及び回転圧縮機 |
US5945214C1 (en) | 1996-08-28 | 2002-04-23 | Premark Rwp Holdings Inc | Diboride coated pressing surfaces for abrasion resistant laminate and making pressing surfaces |
US6656329B1 (en) | 1996-08-28 | 2003-12-02 | Premark Rwp Holdings, Inc. | Coated pressing surfaces for abrasion resistant laminate and making laminates therefrom |
TW385275B (en) | 1996-08-29 | 2000-03-21 | Toray Industries | Aromatic polyamide-based resin molding, a process therefor and magnetic recording medium made from the molding |
DE19635736C2 (de) * | 1996-09-03 | 2002-03-07 | Saxonia Umformtechnik Gmbh | Diamantähnliche Beschichtung |
US5976707A (en) | 1996-09-26 | 1999-11-02 | Kennametal Inc. | Cutting insert and method of making the same |
SE9603540D0 (sv) | 1996-09-27 | 1996-09-27 | Ingvar Eriksson | Ortopedisk anordning |
TW353758B (en) | 1996-09-30 | 1999-03-01 | Motorola Inc | Electron emissive film and method |
US5910940A (en) | 1996-10-08 | 1999-06-08 | Polaroid Corporation | Storage medium having a layer of micro-optical lenses each lens generating an evanescent field |
US6311524B1 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2001-11-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Accelerated method for increasing the photosensitivity of a glassy material |
US5775817A (en) | 1996-11-04 | 1998-07-07 | General Motors Corporation | Fracture process with bore distortion controls |
JPH10184914A (ja) | 1996-12-26 | 1998-07-14 | Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd | ピストンリングとシリンダライナの組合せ |
KR100247065B1 (ko) * | 1997-01-22 | 2000-03-15 | 윤종용 | 보호막을 가지는 광디스크 |
US6316392B1 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 2001-11-13 | Elisha Technologies Co Llc | Corrosion resistant lubricants greases and gels |
US5778841A (en) | 1997-02-26 | 1998-07-14 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Camshaft for internal combustion engines |
TW385332B (en) | 1997-02-27 | 2000-03-21 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Refrigerating oil composition |
US6543394B2 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 2003-04-08 | Science Applications International Corp. | Four-cycle fuel-lubricated internal combustion engine |
JP3236795B2 (ja) | 1997-03-18 | 2001-12-10 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | すべり軸受 |
US5849675A (en) | 1997-04-10 | 1998-12-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydraulic system using an improved antiwear hydraulic fluid |
WO1998047141A1 (en) | 1997-04-16 | 1998-10-22 | Digital Papyrus Corporation | Phase change media compatible with air bearing flying head |
US6030398A (en) | 1997-05-30 | 2000-02-29 | Summit Technology, Inc. | Surgical microtomes |
RU2114210C1 (ru) | 1997-05-30 | 1998-06-27 | Валерий Павлович Гончаренко | Способ формирования углеродного алмазоподобного покрытия в вакууме |
US6305416B1 (en) | 1997-06-09 | 2001-10-23 | Flexcon Industries | Actuator valve for pressure switch for a fluidic system |
US6893720B1 (en) | 1997-06-27 | 2005-05-17 | Nissin Electric Co., Ltd. | Object coated with carbon film and method of manufacturing the same |
US6377422B1 (en) | 1997-07-08 | 2002-04-23 | Seagate Technology Llc | Disc head with contact protection feature |
US5958261A (en) | 1997-07-17 | 1999-09-28 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for welding with preheated filler material |
US6658941B1 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2003-12-09 | Helix Technology Corporation | Apparatus and methods for heat loss pressure measurement |
US6023979A (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 2000-02-15 | Helix Technology | Apparatus and methods for heat loss pressure measurement |
US6938493B2 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 2005-09-06 | Helix Technology Corporation | Apparatus and methods for heat loss pressure measurement |
DE19882586T1 (de) | 1997-08-15 | 2000-08-03 | Seagate Technology | Gleitstück für Datenspeichersystem |
US6071597A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2000-06-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flexible circuits and carriers and process for manufacture |
NL1007046C2 (nl) | 1997-09-16 | 1999-03-17 | Skf Ind Trading & Dev | Bekleed wentellager. |
US5885942A (en) | 1997-09-23 | 1999-03-23 | Nch Corporation | Multifunctional lubricant additive |
JP3885375B2 (ja) | 1997-09-30 | 2007-02-21 | 帝国ピストンリング株式会社 | ピストンリング |
JP3355306B2 (ja) | 1997-09-30 | 2002-12-09 | 帝国ピストンリング株式会社 | ピストンリング |
US6494881B1 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 2002-12-17 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for electrode-surgical tissue removal having a selectively insulated electrode |
US6156439A (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2000-12-05 | General Electric Company | Coating for preventing formation of deposits on surfaces contacting hydrocarbon fluids and method therefor |
AU1290399A (en) | 1997-10-30 | 1999-05-24 | Christopher R. King | Automated hair isolation and processing system |
US6015597A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 2000-01-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for coating diamond-like networks onto particles |
US6726993B2 (en) | 1997-12-02 | 2004-04-27 | Teer Coatings Limited | Carbon coatings, method and apparatus for applying them, and articles bearing such coatings |
US7094502B2 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 2006-08-22 | Alcon Inc. | Methods for transferring holographic images into metal surfaces |
US20040003638A1 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2004-01-08 | Schaefer Mark W. | Transfer of holographic images into metal sporting and fitness products |
US5881444A (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1999-03-16 | Aluminum Company Of America | Techniques for transferring holograms into metal surfaces |
AU2416199A (en) | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-19 | Alfar International Ltd | A field electron emitter and a method for producing it |
US6190514B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-02-20 | Premark Rwp Holdings, Inc. | Method for high scan sputter coating to produce coated, abrasion resistant press plates with reduced built-in thermal stress |
US6028393A (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 2000-02-22 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | E-beam/microwave gas jet PECVD method and apparatus for depositing and/or surface modification of thin film materials |
NL1008593C2 (nl) | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-14 | Skf Eng & Res Centre Bv | Actuator met verbeterde nauwkeurigheid. |
US6237441B1 (en) | 1998-03-19 | 2001-05-29 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Combination of shim and cam |
DE19815989A1 (de) | 1998-04-09 | 1999-10-21 | Uti Holding & Man Ag | Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnung |
US6106919A (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2000-08-22 | Digital Papyrus Corporation | Phase change media compatible with air bearing flying head |
FI980884A (fi) | 1998-04-22 | 1999-10-23 | Valmet Corp | Paperi-/kartonki- tai jälkikäsittelykoneen osat, jotka joutuvat suuren kulutuksen kohteeksi ja menetelmä näiden osien valmistamiseksi |
US6016000A (en) * | 1998-04-22 | 2000-01-18 | Cvc, Inc. | Ultra high-speed chip semiconductor integrated circuit interconnect structure and fabrication method using free-space dielectrics |
US6124198A (en) | 1998-04-22 | 2000-09-26 | Cvc, Inc. | Ultra high-speed chip interconnect using free-space dielectrics |
US6861791B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2005-03-01 | Crystals And Technologies, Ltd. | Stabilized and controlled electron sources, matrix systems of the electron sources, and method for production thereof |
TW430827B (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2001-04-21 | Advanced Refractory Tech | Resistors with low temperature coefficient of resistance and methods of making |
ATE255427T1 (de) | 1998-06-03 | 2003-12-15 | Blue Medical Devices B V | Stents mit diamantartiger beschichtung |
DE19825860A1 (de) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-16 | Elgan Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh & | Kolbenring und seine Verwendung |
GB2338236B (en) | 1998-06-13 | 2003-04-09 | Aea Technology Plc | Microbiological cell processing |
JP2000002315A (ja) * | 1998-06-15 | 2000-01-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 高面圧用歯車およびその製造方法 |
GB2338716B (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2003-04-02 | Mclaughlin James A | An apparatus and a method for coating diamond like carbon (DLC) or other vacuum depositable coatings onto a substrate |
US6273793B1 (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2001-08-14 | Seagate Technology Llc | Apparatus and method for reducing disc surface asperities to sub-microinch height |
JP2000110719A (ja) | 1998-10-05 | 2000-04-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 密閉形コンプレッサと開放形コンプレッサ |
GB2342660B (en) | 1998-10-12 | 2000-09-27 | Univ Houston | Process for producing a carbon film on a substrate |
JP3737291B2 (ja) | 1998-10-12 | 2006-01-18 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | ダイヤモンドライクカーボン硬質多層膜成形体 |
US6322431B1 (en) | 1998-10-13 | 2001-11-27 | Seagate Technology Llc | Burnish head with ion milled aerodynamic pads configured in an elliptical pattern |
JP2002527850A (ja) | 1998-10-13 | 2002-08-27 | ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニュファクチャリング カンパニー | 湿度透過性を低減するために可撓性回路相互接続を備えたヘッドサスペンション |
JP2000120870A (ja) | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-28 | Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd | ピストンリング |
AU1212600A (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-15 | Doris Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf | Management of contact spots between an electrical brush and substrate |
WO2000024554A1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2000-05-04 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Method of forming an improved support member for a fabric and film forming device |
FI104103B (fi) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-11-15 | Valmet Corp | Päällystyssauva |
US6255262B1 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 2001-07-03 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | High hydroxyl content glycerol di-esters |
FI982570A (fi) | 1998-11-27 | 2000-05-28 | Neste Chemicals Oy | Menetelmä ja laite prosessinesteiden viskoelastisten ominaisuuksien mä ärittämiseksi ja sen käyttö |
AU5265300A (en) | 1998-12-02 | 2000-08-29 | Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. | Fluorine-doped diamond-like coatings |
WO2000035000A1 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2000-06-15 | Cvc Products, Inc. | Ultra high-speed semiconductor integrated circuit interconnect structure and fabrication method using free-space dielectric |
KR100325521B1 (ko) * | 1998-12-10 | 2002-04-17 | 윤종용 | 유체 분사 장치의 제조 방법 및 그에 의해 제조되는 유체 분사장치 |
JP2000186293A (ja) * | 1998-12-21 | 2000-07-04 | Tonen Corp | ディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油組成物 |
JP4251738B2 (ja) | 1998-12-25 | 2009-04-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 硬質被膜及び被覆部材 |
AU2968600A (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2000-08-07 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Wear-resistant electromechanical contacts |
US6296552B1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2001-10-02 | Seagate Technology Llc | Burnishing head with fly height control spacer |
US6401058B1 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2002-06-04 | Wayne State University | Reciprocating system for simulating friction and wear |
US6572935B1 (en) | 1999-03-13 | 2003-06-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Optically transparent, scratch-resistant, diamond-like carbon coatings |
GB2348158A (en) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-09-27 | Teer Coatings Ltd | Lubricated cutting |
US6170156B1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2001-01-09 | General Motors Corporation | Gear tooth smoothing and shaping process |
DE60042155D1 (de) | 1999-03-24 | 2009-06-18 | Second Sight Medical Prod Inc | Retinale farbprothese zur wiederherstellung des farbsehens |
NZ530138A (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2005-05-27 | Pennzoil Quaker State Co | Lubricant for magnetic recording medium and use thereof |
JP3927724B2 (ja) | 1999-04-01 | 2007-06-13 | 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
JP3555844B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-09 | 2004-08-18 | 三宅 正二郎 | 摺動部材およびその製造方法 |
CA2268659C (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2008-12-30 | Vladimir I. Gorokhovsky | Rectangular cathodic arc source and method of steering an arc spot |
US6645354B1 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2003-11-11 | Vladimir I. Gorokhovsky | Rectangular cathodic arc source and method of steering an arc spot |
US6929727B2 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2005-08-16 | G & H Technologies, Llc | Rectangular cathodic arc source and method of steering an arc spot |
US6570172B2 (en) | 1999-05-12 | 2003-05-27 | Plasmion Corporation | Magnetron negative ion sputter source |
JP3051404B1 (ja) | 1999-05-19 | 2000-06-12 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | タペット |
JP2000339083A (ja) | 1999-05-28 | 2000-12-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 入力装置 |
RU2153782C1 (ru) | 1999-06-02 | 2000-07-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Патинор Коутингс Лимитед" | Импульсный источник углеродной плазмы |
GB9913438D0 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 1999-08-11 | Imperial College | A rotary pump |
WO2000078504A1 (en) | 1999-06-19 | 2000-12-28 | Speedfam-Ipec Corporation | Method and apparatus for increasing the lifetime of a workpiece retaining structure and conditioning a polishing surface |
MY123377A (en) * | 1999-07-05 | 2006-05-31 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Sliding members and piston for internal combustion engines |
DE60040365D1 (de) | 1999-07-08 | 2008-11-13 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Harte Beschichtung und beschichtetes Bauteil |
US6626949B1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2003-09-30 | Biopro, Inc. | Diamond coated joint implant |
US6333298B1 (en) | 1999-07-16 | 2001-12-25 | Infineum International Limited | Molybdenum-free low volatility lubricating oil composition |
US6368676B1 (en) * | 1999-07-20 | 2002-04-09 | Diversified Technologies, Inc. | Method of coating an article |
US6083313A (en) | 1999-07-27 | 2000-07-04 | Advanced Refractory Technologies, Inc. | Hardcoats for flat panel display substrates |
US6482778B2 (en) * | 1999-08-11 | 2002-11-19 | Ethyl Corporation | Zinc and phosphorus containing transmission fluids having enhanced performance capabilities |
US6173913B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 | 2001-01-16 | Caterpillar Inc. | Ceramic check for a fuel injector |
US6205291B1 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-20 | A. O. Smith Corporation | Scale-inhibiting heating element and method of making same |
JP3748349B2 (ja) | 1999-08-26 | 2006-02-22 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 平版印刷版用原版 |
JP3664058B2 (ja) | 1999-09-07 | 2005-06-22 | 日産自動車株式会社 | トラクションドライブ用転動体およびその製造方法 |
TW467802B (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2001-12-11 | Hunatech Co Ltd | Conditioner for polishing pad and method for manufacturing the same |
US6553957B1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2003-04-29 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Combination of cylinder liner and piston ring of internal combustion engine |
US6733513B2 (en) | 1999-11-04 | 2004-05-11 | Advanced Bioprosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Balloon catheter having metal balloon and method of making same |
US6761736B1 (en) | 1999-11-10 | 2004-07-13 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Medical article with a diamond-like carbon coated polymer |
US6849085B2 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2005-02-01 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Self-supporting laminated films, structural materials and medical devices manufactured therefrom and method of making same |
US6537310B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2003-03-25 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Endoluminal implantable devices and method of making same |
US6379383B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2002-04-30 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Endoluminal device exhibiting improved endothelialization and method of manufacture thereof |
US6684759B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2004-02-03 | Vladimir Gorokhovsky | Temperature regulator for a substrate in vapor deposition processes |
US6386468B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2002-05-14 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Mechano-chemical flourination: improved method of fullerene fluorination |
WO2001040537A1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method for producing fluorinated diamond-like carbon films |
TW490703B (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2002-06-11 | Axcelis Tech Inc | Diamond-like coated component in an ion implanter for reduced x-ray emissions |
JP4359979B2 (ja) | 1999-12-16 | 2009-11-11 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 被覆摺動部材 |
US6471979B2 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2002-10-29 | Estrogen Vascular Technology, Llc | Apparatus and method for delivering compounds to a living organism |
AU2609401A (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2001-07-09 | Nicholas Kipshidze | Apparatus and method for delivering compounds to a living organism |
JP2001214186A (ja) | 2000-01-31 | 2001-08-07 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | 潤滑性組成物 |
AU2001253818A1 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2001-08-20 | Christina Alvarez | Security module system, apparatus and process |
US6715693B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2004-04-06 | Caterpillar Inc | Thin film coating for fuel injector components |
CN1229836C (zh) | 2000-02-16 | 2005-11-30 | 富勒林国际公司 | 用于有效电子场致发射的金刚石/碳纳米管结构 |
EP1257349B1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2008-08-13 | Schlom, Leslie | A heat exchanger for cooling and for a pre-cooler for turbine intake air conditioning |
JP4560964B2 (ja) | 2000-02-25 | 2010-10-13 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 非晶質炭素被覆部材 |
US6684513B1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2004-02-03 | The Gillette Company | Razor blade technology |
US6316734B1 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2001-11-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flexible circuits with static discharge protection and process for manufacture |
US6695865B2 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2004-02-24 | Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces, Ltd. | Embolic protection device |
JP4730753B2 (ja) | 2000-03-23 | 2011-07-20 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | ダイヤモンドライクカーボン硬質多層膜および耐摩耗性、耐摺動性に優れた部材 |
US6439845B1 (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2002-08-27 | Kidney Replacement Services, P.C. | Blood pump |
JP3630297B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-23 | 2005-03-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 自動車用トロイダル式無段変速機 |
US6399215B1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2002-06-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Ultrafine-grained titanium for medical implants |
JP2001280236A (ja) | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-10 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | 斜板式コンプレッサの斜板及び斜板式コンプレッサー |
DE10018143C5 (de) | 2000-04-12 | 2012-09-06 | Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach | DLC-Schichtsystem sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines derartigen Schichtsystems |
JP2001295576A (ja) | 2000-04-12 | 2001-10-26 | Japan National Oil Corp | ビット装置 |
AU2001253498A1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-30 | Seagate Technology Llc | Ultrathin protective overcoats for magnetic materials |
AU2001255388A1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-30 | Technology International, Inc. | Diamonds and diamond cutters having improved durability |
US6592519B1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2003-07-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Smart microfluidic device with universal coating |
JP4007440B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-28 | 2007-11-14 | 三宅 正二郎 | 硬質炭素皮膜摺動部材 |
US6919001B2 (en) | 2000-05-01 | 2005-07-19 | Intevac, Inc. | Disk coating system |
US6753042B1 (en) | 2000-05-02 | 2004-06-22 | Itac Limited | Diamond-like carbon thin film coating process |
GB0011115D0 (en) | 2000-05-09 | 2000-06-28 | Infineum Int Ltd | Lubricating oil compositions |
US6914919B2 (en) | 2000-06-19 | 2005-07-05 | Cymer, Inc. | Six to ten KHz, or greater gas discharge laser system |
KR100784396B1 (ko) | 2000-08-09 | 2007-12-11 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | 평판 코일을 갖는 자기 헤드의 제조방법 |
US6324060B1 (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2001-11-27 | Hul Chun Hsu | Heat transfer interface |
IL144688A0 (en) | 2000-09-01 | 2002-06-30 | Premark Rwp Holdings Inc | Polishing of press plates coated with titanium diboride |
US6303547B1 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2001-10-16 | Ethyl Corporation | Friction modified lubricants |
US6444622B1 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2002-09-03 | Ethyl Corporation | Friction modified lubricants |
US6592985B2 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2003-07-15 | Camco International (Uk) Limited | Polycrystalline diamond partially depleted of catalyzing material |
DE60140617D1 (de) | 2000-09-20 | 2010-01-07 | Camco Int Uk Ltd | Polykristalliner diamant mit einer an katalysatormaterial abgereicherten oberfläche |
JP4954429B2 (ja) | 2000-09-20 | 2012-06-13 | キャムコ、インターナショナル、(ユーケイ)、リミテッド | 触媒物質を枯渇させた表面を有する多結晶ダイヤモンド |
MXPA03002473A (es) | 2000-09-20 | 2004-09-10 | Camco Int Uk Ltd | Diamante policristalino con una superficie empobrecida de material de catalizacion. |
EP1190791B1 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2010-06-23 | Camco International (UK) Limited | Polycrystalline diamond cutters with working surfaces having varied wear resistance while maintaining impact strength |
DE10046956C2 (de) | 2000-09-21 | 2002-07-25 | Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Thermisch aufgetragene Beschichtung für Kolbenringe aus mechanisch legierten Pulvern |
DE10061397B4 (de) | 2000-09-29 | 2004-04-08 | Desch Antriebstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Planetengetriebe und Planetenlager sowie deren Bauteile |
US6821189B1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2004-11-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article comprising a structured diamond-like carbon coating and method of using same to mechanically treat a substrate |
US20020051286A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-02 | Honeywell, Inc. | Wavlength specific coating for mirrored optics and method for reducing reflection of white light |
US6871700B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2005-03-29 | G & H Technologies Llc | Thermal flux regulator |
US6739238B2 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2004-05-25 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Sliding structure for a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a reciprocating internal combustion engine using the sliding structure |
FR2817267B1 (fr) | 2000-11-28 | 2003-08-29 | Essilor Int | Procede de depot de couche anti-reflets a froid sur substrat organique |
JP4948725B2 (ja) | 2000-12-05 | 2012-06-06 | 三星ダイヤモンド工業株式会社 | チップホルダー |
ATE385906T1 (de) | 2000-12-20 | 2008-03-15 | Fujifilm Corp | Lithographischer druckplattenvorläufer |
US6537429B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2003-03-25 | Lam Research Corporation | Diamond coatings on reactor wall and method of manufacturing thereof |
US6729527B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2004-05-04 | Kulicke & Soffa Investments, Inc. | Bonding tool with polymer coating |
WO2002062113A1 (fr) * | 2001-02-01 | 2002-08-08 | Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo 'patinor Coatings Limited' | Source d'impulsions du plasma de carbone |
JP3712052B2 (ja) | 2001-02-09 | 2005-11-02 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 低摩擦摺動部材 |
US20020151441A1 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-10-17 | Sanjay Srinivasan | Automatic transmission fluids with improved anti-shudder properties |
JP2002265968A (ja) | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-18 | Mitsuhiko Iino | 潤滑剤組成物 |
DE10112132A1 (de) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Zylinderkurbelgehäuse für eine flüssigkeitsgekühlte Brennkraftmaschine |
US6761532B2 (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2004-07-13 | Vascor, Inc. | Touch down of blood pump impellers |
US20020130219A1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2002-09-19 | Parseghian Van R. | System for restraining aircraft delivery carts |
US6855791B2 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2005-02-15 | Signature Control Systems | Process and apparatus for improving and controlling the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubber compounds |
US20040133301A1 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2004-07-08 | Signature Control Systems | Process and apparatus for improving and controlling the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubber compounds |
JP3292199B2 (ja) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-06-17 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | ゴム用金型、ゴム用金型の製造方法およびゴムの成形方法 |
JP2003113941A (ja) | 2001-03-30 | 2003-04-18 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | ピストンリング及びピストンリングとピストンのリング溝との組み合わせ構造 |
US20020175476A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-11-28 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Piston ring, and combined structure of piston ring and ring groove of piston |
WO2002080996A1 (de) | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-17 | Franz Herbst | Medizinisches implantat und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JP3587379B2 (ja) | 2001-04-17 | 2004-11-10 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 自動車エンジン動弁系シム及びリフター、並びにこれらとカムシャフトとの組合せ |
WO2002085237A2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2002-10-31 | General Plasma, Llc | Diamond-like coating, method of its plating and dental bur with the said diamond-like coating |
JP4578716B2 (ja) | 2001-05-08 | 2010-11-10 | 株式会社デンソー | ガソリン潤滑摺動部材 |
US6729350B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2004-05-04 | Upchurch Scientific, Inc. | Valve for use with capillary tubing |
NL1018190C2 (nl) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-03 | Skf Ab | Koelmiddel gesmeerd wentellager. |
US6701627B2 (en) | 2001-07-26 | 2004-03-09 | American Saw & Mfg. Company, Inc. | Composite utility knife blade |
US7712222B2 (en) | 2001-07-26 | 2010-05-11 | Irwin Industrial Tool Company | Composite utility blade, and method of making such a blade |
US6666328B2 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2003-12-23 | Stapell/Guider Corporation | Long wear conveyor assembly |
JP2003113913A (ja) | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-18 | Tsubakimoto Chain Co | 伝動チェーン用可動レバー |
WO2003031543A2 (en) | 2001-10-05 | 2003-04-17 | Unichema Chemie B.V. | Lubricant or fuel composition comprising an amide as friction-reducing additive |
JP2003147508A (ja) | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-21 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 炭素膜、炭素膜の成膜方法、および炭素膜被覆部材 |
AU2002360361A1 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2003-06-10 | Biomicroarrays, Inc. | High surface area substrates for microarrays and methods to make same |
DE10158683A1 (de) | 2001-11-23 | 2003-06-05 | Tea Gmbh | Funktionsflüssigkeit zum Kühlen und Schmieren |
US6982510B1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2006-01-03 | Seagate Technology Llc | Low profile fluid dynamic bearing |
JP2003184883A (ja) | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 軸受摺動部材 |
JP3555891B2 (ja) | 2002-02-22 | 2004-08-18 | 新日本石油株式会社 | 低摩擦摺動材料及びこれに用いる潤滑油組成物 |
US7246699B2 (en) * | 2002-03-08 | 2007-07-24 | Frost Links, Inc. | Conveyor chain |
JP2005519826A (ja) | 2002-03-08 | 2005-07-07 | フロスト・リンクス・インコーポレイテッド | コンベヤチェーン |
GB0205959D0 (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2002-04-24 | Teer Coatings Ltd | Apparatus and method for applying diamond-like carbon coatings |
JP2004003435A (ja) | 2002-04-23 | 2004-01-08 | Denso Corp | 内燃機関用燃料噴射弁およびその製造方法 |
US20030202763A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-10-30 | Starodubov Dmitry S. | Method for forming a protective coating on an optical fiber |
CN1164790C (zh) * | 2002-04-26 | 2004-09-01 | 邹庆化 | 氮化碳超硬薄膜镀覆靶材及其制备方法 |
FI20020909A0 (fi) | 2002-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | Perlos Oyj | Inhalaattori, inhalaattorin komponentti ja menetelmä sellaisen valmistamiseksi |
US20040011900A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2004-01-22 | Jens Gebhardt | Fuel injector assembly |
AU2002337644A1 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-12-22 | Seagate Technology Llc | Slider deposits for control of pole-to-disc spacing |
WO2004001804A2 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-12-31 | Ziegler Byron J | Device for generation of reactive ions |
JP2004033513A (ja) | 2002-07-04 | 2004-02-05 | Mizuno Corp | ウッドゴルフクラブヘッド |
US7422370B2 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2008-09-09 | Seagate Technology Llc | Hydraulic compensation for magnetically biased fluid dynamic bearing motor |
US6780177B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2004-08-24 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Conductive interstitial thermal therapy device |
WO2004024206A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-25 | Estrogen Vascular Technology, Llc | Apparatus and method for delivering compounds to a living organism |
US20040063805A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-01 | Pacetti Stephen D. | Coatings for implantable medical devices and methods for fabrication thereof |
AU2003263852A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-08 | Enventure Global Technology | Self-lubricating expansion mandrel for expandable tubular |
JP4063026B2 (ja) | 2002-09-24 | 2008-03-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
US7086362B2 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2006-08-08 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Automotive engine valve mechanism system shim and lifter of these and cam shaft |
US6745742B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2004-06-08 | Siegfried Meyer | Connecting rod structure |
MXPA05003906A (es) | 2002-10-12 | 2005-10-05 | Intellimats Llc | Sistema de despliegue en piso con orientacion de imagen variable. |
JP2004138128A (ja) | 2002-10-16 | 2004-05-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 自動車エンジン用摺動部材 |
GB0224779D0 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2002-12-04 | Barnes Charles F J | Information storage system |
US6969198B2 (en) | 2002-11-06 | 2005-11-29 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction sliding mechanism |
WO2004043631A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 | 2004-05-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Die cast sputter targets |
CN1726145A (zh) | 2002-11-26 | 2006-01-25 | 弗洛斯特有限公司 | 用于触轮的轴颈轴承 |
JP2004217110A (ja) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-08-05 | Nsk Ltd | 電動パワーステアリング装置 |
US20040146262A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2004-07-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Frozen-fluid fiber guide |
US7387081B2 (en) | 2003-01-23 | 2008-06-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Plasma reactor including helical electrodes |
US7299749B2 (en) | 2003-02-10 | 2007-11-27 | Fujifilm Corporation | Lithographic printing plate support and production method thereof |
GB0303158D0 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2003-03-19 | Scion Sprays Ltd | An electrostatic atomiser |
CN1777492A (zh) | 2003-03-05 | 2006-05-24 | 欧文工业用具公司 | 复合实用刀片以及制造这种刀片的方法 |
US20040186585A1 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2004-09-23 | Lawrence Feiwell | Sphere-on-sphere ankle prosthesis |
JP3891433B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-15 | 2007-03-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料噴射弁 |
US20040222594A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-11-11 | Dresser-Rand Company | Oil film sealing device for a rotating shaft |
US7327535B2 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2008-02-05 | Sae Magnetics (H.K.) Ltd. | Hybrid coating for magnetic heads |
EP1479946B1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2012-12-19 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Piston for internal combustion engine |
EP1482190B1 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2012-12-05 | Nissan Motor Company Limited | Rolling element |
US20040241019A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-02 | Michael Goldowsky | Passive non-contacting smart bearing suspension for turbo blood-pumps |
JP2005008851A (ja) | 2003-05-29 | 2005-01-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 硬質炭素薄膜付き機械加工工具用切削油及び硬質炭素薄膜付き機械加工工具 |
JP2004360649A (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | エンジン用ピストンピン |
US20050001201A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-06 | Bocko Peter L. | Glass product for use in ultra-thin glass display applications |
EP1498597A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 | 2005-01-19 | Sorevi S.A. | Piston with a skirt having a low coefficient of friction |
DE602004004150T2 (de) | 2003-07-25 | 2007-10-11 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Substrat mit zwischenüberzug und hartem kohlenstoffüberzug |
US7144403B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2006-12-05 | Alcon, Inc. | Surgical knife |
WO2005014760A1 (ja) | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-17 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Dlc接触面を有するシステム、該システムの潤滑方法及び該システム用潤滑油 |
JP4973971B2 (ja) | 2003-08-08 | 2012-07-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
JP2005054617A (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-03-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 動弁機構 |
JP2005090489A (ja) | 2003-08-11 | 2005-04-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関用バルブリフター |
EP1507070B1 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2007-11-21 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel lubricated sliding mechanism |
DE602004008547T2 (de) * | 2003-08-13 | 2008-05-21 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Yokohama | Struktur zur Verbindung von einem Kolben mit einer Kurbelwelle |
JP4117553B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-13 | 2008-07-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | チェーン駆動装置 |
DE10337559A1 (de) | 2003-08-14 | 2005-03-10 | Stankiewicz Gmbh | Formwerkzeug zur Herstellung von Formschaumkörpern |
JP4539205B2 (ja) | 2003-08-21 | 2010-09-08 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 冷媒圧縮機 |
US7771821B2 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2010-08-10 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Low-friction sliding member and low-friction sliding mechanism using same |
EP1508611B1 (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2019-04-17 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Transmission comprising low-friction sliding members and transmission oil therefor |
WO2005025844A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 | 2005-03-24 | New Medium Enterprises, Inc | Multilayer reflective information carrier and method for manufacturing thereof |
WO2005021851A1 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-10 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Coated rapier |
ITTO20030135U1 (it) | 2003-09-04 | 2005-03-05 | Lgl Electronics Spa | Dispositivo di frenatura auto-regolante per alimentatori di trama a telai di tessitura |
US20050139395A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 | 2005-06-30 | Farzad Shaygan | Drill bit with a moissanite (silicon carbide) cutting element |
AU2004281694B2 (en) | 2003-10-10 | 2012-05-03 | Cellular Bioengineering, Inc. | Methods and compositions for growing corneal endothelial and related cells on biopolymers and creation of artifical corneal transplants |
WO2005037985A2 (en) | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-28 | Cellular Bioengineering, Inc. | Composition and methods for cell culturing and tissue culture platforms |
JP2007510258A (ja) | 2003-10-31 | 2007-04-19 | ベントラコー リミテッド | 導電性メッシュを使用するプラズマ浸漬イオン埋め込み |
US7300379B2 (en) | 2003-11-10 | 2007-11-27 | The Timken Company | Differential with thin film coating at cross shaft and processes for manufacturing the same |
KR20070036058A (ko) | 2004-06-30 | 2007-04-02 | 스미토모 긴조쿠 고잔 가부시키가이샤 | 도파로형 광제어 소자와 그 제조방법 |
-
2004
- 2004-04-23 JP JP2004127632A patent/JP4863152B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-16 DE DE602004014074T patent/DE602004014074D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-16 EP EP04016864A patent/EP1503113B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-30 US US10/902,303 patent/US20050025975A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-30 CN CNB2004100587835A patent/CN100394076C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-07-23 US US12/177,943 patent/US8096205B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100593655C (zh) * | 2006-07-31 | 2010-03-10 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 高强度齿轮、其生产方法和使用其的动力传动机构 |
US8530051B2 (en) | 2006-07-31 | 2013-09-10 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | High strength gear, power transmission mechanism using same, and production method for high strength gear |
CN106662234A (zh) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-05-10 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 齿轮副 |
CN106662234B (zh) * | 2014-08-28 | 2020-02-14 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 齿轮副 |
CN110312782A (zh) * | 2017-02-21 | 2019-10-08 | 协同油脂株式会社 | 减速机用润滑剂组合物和减速机 |
CN110312782B (zh) * | 2017-02-21 | 2022-04-12 | 协同油脂株式会社 | 减速机用润滑剂组合物和减速机 |
TWI766944B (zh) * | 2017-02-21 | 2022-06-11 | 日商協同油脂股份有限公司 | 減速機用潤滑劑組成物及減速機 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005061610A (ja) | 2005-03-10 |
CN100394076C (zh) | 2008-06-11 |
EP1503113B1 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
US20050025975A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
DE602004014074D1 (de) | 2008-07-10 |
JP4863152B2 (ja) | 2012-01-25 |
EP1503113A2 (en) | 2005-02-02 |
EP1503113A3 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
US8096205B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
US20080276755A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1580613A (zh) | 齿轮 | |
JP6062357B2 (ja) | ピストンリング | |
CN1944992A (zh) | 滑动结构和滑动方法 | |
CN100344890C (zh) | 滑动件及其生产方法 | |
CN1573143A (zh) | 滚动元件 | |
CN1643265A (zh) | 用于带式连续变速传动机构上的滚动轴承 | |
CN1761597A (zh) | 电动转向装置以及其中使用的树脂齿轮 | |
CN1597888A (zh) | 变速器中的低摩擦滑动件及用于该滑动件的变速器油 | |
CN100339605C (zh) | 角接触球轴承及滚动轴承 | |
JP2014224239A (ja) | 摺動機械 | |
CN1538054A (zh) | 燃料喷射阀 | |
JP2008032150A (ja) | 高強度歯車、伝動機構及び高強度歯車の製造方法 | |
CN1580591A (zh) | 连接活塞和曲轴的构件 | |
TWI248987B (en) | Surface-carbonitrided stainless steel parts excellent in wear resistance and method for their manufacture | |
CN113774315A (zh) | 一种航空重载齿轮及其制备方法 | |
JP2017040373A (ja) | 潤滑媒体において作動する摩擦部品 | |
CN1244430C (zh) | 电弧焊的实心焊丝 | |
CN1266383C (zh) | 油泵转子 | |
JP2010202945A (ja) | 自動車部品用摺動部材およびその製造方法 | |
CN1942297A (zh) | 通过等离子淀积技术制造涂敷金属丝的方法 | |
EP3556832B1 (en) | Sliding member and sliding machine | |
JP2005015852A (ja) | 硬質炭素膜及びその製造方法 | |
CN1099430A (zh) | 刮板材料及其制法 | |
KR102054888B1 (ko) | 마모방지 기능이 향상된 바이오 중유용 스크루펌프 및 이의 제조방법 | |
CN1462320A (zh) | 减少最大扭矩用的组合物、使用该组合物的具有滑动部分的部件以及使用该组合物的压入配合方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20080611 |