CN110312782B - 减速机用润滑剂组合物和减速机 - Google Patents

减速机用润滑剂组合物和减速机 Download PDF

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CN110312782B
CN110312782B CN201880012882.XA CN201880012882A CN110312782B CN 110312782 B CN110312782 B CN 110312782B CN 201880012882 A CN201880012882 A CN 201880012882A CN 110312782 B CN110312782 B CN 110312782B
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lubricant composition
mass
calcium salts
speed reducer
calcium salt
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CN110312782A (zh
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谷村公
市村亮辅
斋藤绫佑
王宏猷
熊谷隆秀
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Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
Nabtesco Corp
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Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
Nabtesco Corp
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/48—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/32—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
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    • C10M2205/003—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
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    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
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Abstract

根据本发明，提供一种偏心摇摆式行星齿轮型的减速机用润滑剂组合物，含有：(a)含有合成油的基础油，(b)选自由石油磺酸的钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐、水杨酸的钙盐、酚盐的钙盐、氧化蜡的钙盐、石油磺酸的高碱性钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐、水杨酸的高碱性钙盐、酚盐的高碱性钙盐、氧化蜡的高碱性钙盐组成的组中的至少1种钙盐，(c)抗氧化剂，以及(d)甘油脂肪酸酯。

Description

减速机用润滑剂组合物和减速机
技术领域
本发明涉及偏心摇摆式行星齿轮型的减速机中使用的润滑剂组合物和使用其的偏心摇摆式行星齿轮型的减速机。
背景技术
减速机的内部由多个滑动部分和滚动部分构成，如果在输入侧施加扭矩，则发生减速并将高的扭矩传递至输出侧。这样的减速机除了在铁路、航空、船舶等运输领域中使用以外，还在机器人等产业领域被广泛利用。
作为减速机的一个性能，要求不会有润滑剂的泄漏。为了对润滑剂进行密封，减速机中设有密封件(seal)，由于润滑剂的劣化而产生的润滑剂不溶物(淤渣)在密封件附近堆积，从而发生润滑剂的泄漏。因此，要求从润滑剂产生的的量少。
作为减速机的另一性能，要求是高效率的。迄今为止，提出了在二硫代氨基甲酸钼中配合钙盐的润滑油或油脂(例如专利文献1)。
作为减速机的进一步的另一性能，随着减速机使用环境的扩大，要求在寒冷地带等也能够使用。在寒冷地带等，在冬季那样的低温下，输入侧扭矩(启动扭矩)增大会造成问题，要求低温下的输入扭矩的降低。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2004-339411号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
因此，本发明的目的在于，提供一种偏心摇摆式行星齿轮型的减速机用润滑剂组合物，与以往的偏心摇摆式行星齿轮型的减速机用润滑剂相比，淤渣的产生量为同等以下，低温下的输入扭矩低，且具有同等以上的启动效率。
本发明的另一目的在于，提供一种偏心摇摆式行星齿轮型的减速机，其难以产生润滑剂的泄漏，且低温下的输入扭矩低，启动效率高。
用于解决课题的方法
根据本发明，提供以下的润滑剂组合物和封入有该组合物的减速机：
1.一种偏心摇摆式行星齿轮型的减速机用润滑剂组合物，含有下述成分(a)～(d)：
(a)含有合成油的基础油，
(b)选自由石油磺酸的钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐、水杨酸的钙盐、酚盐的钙盐、氧化蜡的钙盐、石油磺酸的高碱性钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐、水杨酸的高碱性钙盐、酚盐的高碱性钙盐、氧化蜡的高碱性钙盐组成的组中的至少1种钙盐，
(c)抗氧化剂，以及
(d)甘油脂肪酸酯。
2.根据前述第1项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，以润滑剂组合物的总质量为基准，(b)钙盐的含量为0.05～5质量％，(c)抗氧化剂的含量为0.05～5质量％，(d)甘油脂肪酸酯的含量为0.05～5质量％。
3.根据前述第1或2项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，前述(b)钙盐选自由烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐和水杨酸的高碱性钙盐组成的组。
4.根据前述第1～3中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，前述(c)抗氧化剂为受阻酚。
5.根据前述第1～4中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，前述(a)基础油中的合成油为合成烃油，基础油的40℃时的动态粘度为20～300mm2/s。
6.根据前述第1～5中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，进一步含有(e)噻二唑系化合物，以润滑剂组合物的总质量为基准，该噻二唑系化合物的含量为5质量％以下。
7.一种偏心摇摆式行星齿轮型的减速机，封入有前述1～6中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物。
发明的效果
本发明的减速机用润滑剂组合物与以往的减速机用润滑剂组合物相比，能够使淤渣的产生量减少至同等以下。利用本发明的润滑剂组合物，能够使产生的淤渣的堆积量(尤其在密封件附近的堆积)减少至同等以下。因此，封入有该润滑剂组合物的本发明的减速机难以产生润滑剂的泄漏。此外，本发明的减速机用润滑剂组合物能够抑制低温下的输入扭矩增大。因此，封入有该润滑剂组合物的本发明的减速机即使在寒冷地带等也能够合适地使用。进一步，本发明的减速机用润滑剂组合物能够将减速机的启动效率改善至与以往的减速机用润滑剂组合物的同等以上。
具体实施方式
<(a)基础油>
本发明中使用的(a)基础油以合成油为必需成份，可以进一步含有矿物油等其他基础油。作为合成油，合成烃油、酯油、苯醚、聚二醇等在润滑剂组合物中通常使用的合成油均可使用。合成油可以单独使用一种，也可以并用两种以上。
作为合成烃油，具体地，可列举将1种或2种以上的α-烯烃混合并聚合而成的物质。作为α-烯烃，可列举以乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、它们的衍生物等为原料制造的α-烯烃，优选可列举碳数6～18的α-烯烃(例如1-癸烯、1-十二烯等)。最优选的合成烃油是作为1-癸烯、1-十二烯的低聚物的聚-α-烯烃(PAO)。
作为酯油，可列举单酯、二酯、多元醇酯、复合酯等。
作为苯醚，可列举烷基二苯醚等。
作为聚二醇，可列举聚亚烷基二醇等。
作为基础油，优选为含有合成烃油(例如PAO)的基础油，更优选为合成烃油(例如PAO)与矿物油的组合。
基础油中的合成油(例如PAO等合成烃油)的比例优选为10～100质量％，更优选为10～50质量％，更优选为10～30质量％。基础油中的合成油的比例为10质量％以上的情况下，即使在低温下也能够抑制输入扭矩的上升，故而优选。
本发明的润滑剂组合物中的基础油的比例优选为80～99.5质量％，更优选为90～99质量％。如果润滑剂组合物中的基础油的比例在这样的范围内，则可获得充分的润滑效果，而不会损害流动性，故而优选。
本发明中使用的基础油的40℃时的动态粘度例如为20～300mm2/s，优选为30～220mm2/s，更优选为50～200mm2/s，进一步优选为100～200mm2/s，特别优选为135～200mm2/s。动态粘度为20mm2/s以上的情况下，即使在高温下也能够实现令人满意的减速机寿命，另一方面，动态粘度为300mm2/s以下的情况下，能够防止低温下启动时减速机中不良状况的产生。其中，40℃的动态粘度是通过基于JIS K 2283的方法测得的。
<(b)钙盐>
本发明中使用的(b)钙盐为选自由石油磺酸的钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐、水杨酸的钙盐(烷基水杨酸的钙盐)、酚盐的钙盐(烷基酚的钙盐、硫代烷基酚的钙盐)、氧化蜡的钙盐、石油磺酸的高碱性钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐、水杨酸的高碱性钙盐、酚盐的高碱性钙盐、氧化蜡的高碱性钙盐组成的组中的至少1种。钙盐可以单独使用一种，也可以并用两种以上。这些钙盐作为清洁分散剂发挥作用，能够通过使淤渣可溶化而减少淤渣产生量，进一步提高减速机的效率。
其中，本说明书中“X的高碱性钙盐”的意思是基于JIS K 2501测得的碱值为200mgKOH/g以上的、X的钙盐。“X的钙盐”的意思是高碱性钙盐以外的钙盐(中性或碱性钙盐)，即基于JIS K 2501测得的碱值低于200mgKOH/g的、X的钙盐。简单记为“钙盐”的情况下，不考虑中性、碱性和高碱性的区别。
作为(b)钙盐，优选为选自由烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐和水杨酸的高碱性钙盐组成的组中的至少一种，更优选为烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐和水杨酸的高碱性钙盐的组合。特别是优选为碱值为0.1～100mgKOH/g的烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐和碱值为200～500mgKOH/g的水杨酸的高碱性钙盐的组合。
作为润滑剂组合物中的(b)钙盐的量，优选为0.05～5质量％，更优选为0.1～3质量％。为0.05质量％以上的情况下，能够充分抑制产生的淤渣的堆积。另一方面，即使超过5质量％也难以确认到效果的进一步提高。
<(c)抗氧化剂>
本发明的润滑剂组合物通过含有抗氧化剂，能够抑制由于基础油、添加剂的劣化而生成的淤渣的产生。作为本发明中能够使用的(c)抗氧化剂，可以列举苯酚系抗氧化剂[例如苯丙酸3,5-双(1,1-二甲基-乙基)-4-羟基-,C7-C9侧链烷基酯、2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-苯酚、十八烷基3-(3,5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯、叔丁基羟基苯甲醚、2,6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、硫代二亚乙基双[3-(3,5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]、2,6-二叔丁基-对甲酚、季戊四醇-四[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]等受阻酚系化合物]、胺系抗氧化剂[例如二苯基胺、苯基-α-萘胺、酚噻嗪、它们的烷基化物等芳香族胺系化合物]等，没有特别限定，优选为苯酚系抗氧化剂，更优选为受阻酚。作为受阻酚，从在基础油中的溶解性的观点出发，优选熔点为100℃以下，更优选为50℃以下。具体地，优选为苯丙酸3,5-双(1,1-二甲基-乙基)-4-羟基-,C7-C9侧链烷基酯(25℃时为液体)、2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚(25℃时为液体)、2,6-二叔丁基-苯酚(35-37℃)、十八烷基3-(3,5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯(49-54℃)、叔丁基羟基苯甲醚(59-65℃)、2,6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(70℃)、硫代二亚乙基双[3-(3,5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯](70℃)(括号内为熔点)。其中，苯酚系抗氧化剂的熔点通过基于JIS K 0064的方法测得。抗氧化剂可以单独使用一种，也可以并用两种以上。
作为润滑剂组合物中的(C)抗氧化剂的量，优选为0.05～5质量％、更优选为0.1～3质量％。为0.05质量％以上的情况下，能够有效地抑制淤渣的产生。另一方面，即使超过5质量％，也难以确认到效果的进一步提高。
<(d)甘油脂肪酸酯>
本发明的润滑剂组合物通过含有甘油脂肪酸酯，能够在金属表面形成吸附膜，降低摩擦，从而使减速机的效率提高至现有技术的同等以上。本发明中能够使用的(d)甘油脂肪酸酯没有限定，从在基础油中的溶解性的观点出发，优选熔点为100℃以下，更优选为50℃以下。其中，甘油脂肪酸酯的熔点通过基于JIS K 0064的方法测得。
酯可以是完全酯，也可以是部分酯，优选为部分酯，更优选为单酯。构成酯的脂肪酸优选为直链或支链的碳数6～22的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸，更优选为直链的碳数6～18的饱和脂肪酸。作为甘油脂肪酸酯，具体地，优选为甘油单辛酸酯(31℃)、甘油单癸酸酯(46℃)、甘油单月桂酯(57℃)、甘油单硬脂酯(63-70℃)、甘油单山嵛酸酯(75-85℃)、甘油单12羟基硬脂酯(70-78℃)、甘油单油酸酯(37℃)(括号内为熔点)。其中，优选为甘油单辛酸酯(31℃)。甘油脂肪酸酯可以单独使用一种，也可以并用两种以上。
作为润滑剂组合物中的(d)甘油脂肪酸酯的量，优选为0.05～5质量％，更优选为0.1～3质量％。为0.05质量％以上的情况下，能够发挥充分的摩擦降低效果。另一方面，即使超过5质量％也难以确认到效果的进一步提高。
<增稠剂>
本发明的润滑剂组合物可以含有增稠剂。作为增稠剂，可列举所有的增稠剂。可列举例如以锂皂、复合锂皂为代表的皂系增稠剂、以二脲为代表的脲系增稠剂、以有机化粘土、二氧化硅为代表的无机系增稠剂、以PTFE为代表的有机系增稠剂等，优选的是锂皂系增稠剂、脲系增稠剂，更优选的是锂皂系增稠剂。
润滑剂组合物中的增稠剂的比例优选为0～20质量％(例如1～15质量％)，进一步优选为0.5～10质量％(例如0.5～3质量％)。如果在0.5质量％以上，则发挥增稠效果。在20质量％以下的情况下，成为硬度合适的油脂，润滑剂遍及润滑部，因此容易获得充分的润滑效果。
润滑剂组合物含有增稠剂的情况下，润滑剂组合物的稠度优选为300～450(例如350～410)，更优选为395～425。其中，稠度如JIS K 2220中定义的那样，是将试样用规定的混合器进行60次往复混合之后立即测得的值。
<添加剂>
本发明的润滑剂组合物中可以根据需要添加各种添加剂。作为这样的添加剂，可列举成分(b)以外的金属盐系防锈剂、成分(b)以外的金属盐系清洁分散剂、成分(c)以外的抗氧化剂、成分(d)以外的油性剂、金属防腐蚀剂、耐磨损剂、极压剂、固体润滑剂等。其中，优选为极压剂。
作为本发明中可以使用的极压剂没有特别限制，例如优选含有选自二硫代氨基甲酸钼、磷酸三辛酯、无灰二硫代氨基甲酸酯的至少一种，进一步优选并用(e)噻二唑系化合物。作为二硫代氨基甲酸钼的优选例，可列举下式所表示的物质。
(R1R2N-CS-S)2-Mo2OmSn
(式中，R1、R2独立地表示碳原子数5～24的烷基，m为0～3，n为4～1，m+n＝4。)
作为噻二唑系化合物，可列举1,2,4-噻二唑衍生物、1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物、1,2,5-噻二唑衍生物、1,4,5-噻二唑衍生物等，优选为1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物。作为1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物的优选例，可列举下式所表示的物质。
Figure BDA0002172775450000071
(式中，R3、R4独立地表示氢原子、碳数1～20的直链或支链烷基或烯基，x、y各自为0～2。)
通过含有极压剂，能够在金属表面形成反应膜，降低摩擦磨损，从而提高减速机的效率和高温下的减速机寿命。本发明的润滑剂组合物含有极压剂的情况下，作为润滑剂组合物中的极压剂的量，优选为5质量％以下，更优选为3质量％以下，进一步优选为0.1～3质量％。利用5质量％以下的极压剂，能够抑制来自添加剂的淤渣的产生并且提高高温下的润滑寿命和减速机的效率。特别是，二硫代氨基甲酸钼的量优选为0.1～2质量％，进一步优选为0.1～1.5质量％。
以下给出实施例，进一步具体地对本发明进行说明。
实施例
将表1、表2所示成分按表1、表2所示比例混合，调制实施例和比较例的润滑剂组合物。对于这些润滑剂组合物，在下述条件下进行试验。将结果示于表1、表2。
○减速机低温扭矩(低温性)评价
使用减速机在下述条件下进行试验，通过读取用于使减速机无负荷转动所必需的输入轴的扭矩来测定低温下的输入扭矩。
<试验条件>
减速机型号：RV-42N3-127.15
试验温度：-10℃
负载扭矩[径向(与轴向垂直的方向)的载荷]：无负荷
输出转数：15.7rpm
<合格与否的判定>
根据将比较例1的扭矩设为1时的相对扭矩比进行判定。
相对扭矩比为0.5(-10℃)以下 ○(合格)
相对扭矩比超过0.5(-10℃) ×(不合格)
○耐淤渣性(RBOT试验)
使用基于JIS K 2514 3.的RBOT试验机，在下述条件下进行试验。一边将进行试验后生成的不溶物用己烷洗涤一边过滤，以淤渣形式进行定量。
<试验条件>
试验温度：150℃
试验时间：24h
<合格与否的判定>
根据将比较例1的淤渣量设为1.0时的相对比进行评价。
淤渣量比为1.2以下 ○(合格)
淤渣量比超过1.2 ×(不合格)
○减速机启动效率评价
使用减速机在下述条件下进行试验，测定启动效率(将相对于输入轴的扭矩100％输出时的输出扭矩(理论值)设为100时的实际输出扭矩)。
<试验条件>
减速机型号：RV-42N3-127.15
试验温度：25℃
负载扭矩[径向(与轴向垂直的方向)的载荷]：42kgf-m
<合格与否的判定>
根据将比较例1的效率设为1.0时的相对效率比进行评价。
相对效率为1.0以上 ○(合格)
相对效率低于1.0 ×(不合格)
<综合判定>
低温性、耐淤渣性、启动效率均合格 ○(合格)
任一者不合格 ×(不合格)
表1、表2中的(b)钙盐、(c)抗氧化剂、(d)甘油脂肪酸酯、(e)噻二唑系化合物、极压剂的详细信息如下。
(b)钙盐
·磺酸Ca盐：烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐(KING INDUSTRIES制，商品名：NA-SUL729，碱值1mgKOH/g)
·水杨酸Ca盐：水杨酸的高碱性钙盐(奥斯卡化学制，商品名：OSCA438B，碱值320mgKOH/g)
(c)抗氧化剂
·受阻酚(BASF日本制，商品名：IRGANOX L135，25℃时为液体)
(d)甘油脂肪酸酯
·甘油单辛酸酯(理研维他命制，商品名：Poem M-100，熔点31℃)
(e)极压剂
·噻二唑系化合物A(DIC制，商品名：DAILUBE R-300)
·噻二唑系化合物B(雅富顿化学制，商品名：HITEC 4313)
·噻二唑系化合物C(R.T.VANDERBILT制，商品名：CUVAN 826)
·MoDTC：二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼(ADEKA制，商品名：Adeka Sakura Lube 525)
·TOP：磷酸三辛酯(大八化学工业制，商品名：TOP)
·无灰DTC：无灰二硫代氨基甲酸酯(R.T.VANDERBILT制，商品名：Vanlube 7723)
如表1、表2所示，可知本发明的实施例1～25的润滑剂组合物与基础油不含合成烃油的比较例1相比，低温性良好，与添加剂不含钙盐的比较例2和不含抗氧化剂的比较例3相比，耐淤渣性良好。此外，本发明的实施例1～11的润滑剂组合物与不含甘油脂肪酸酯的比较例4相比，启动效率良好。
可知与实施例1～6相比，并用了磺酸Ca盐和水杨酸Ca盐的实施例7和进一步含有噻二唑系化合物的实施例8～25的启动效率更为良好。
[表1]
Figure BDA0002172775450000101
[表2]
Figure BDA0002172775450000111

Claims (6)

1.一种偏心摇摆式行星齿轮型的减速机用润滑剂组合物，含有下述的成分：
(a)含有合成油的基础油，
(b)碱值为0.1～100mgKOH/g的烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐和碱值为200～500mgKOH/g的水杨酸的高碱性钙盐，所述碱值基于JIS K 2501测得，
(c)抗氧化剂，
(d)甘油脂肪酸酯，
(e)下述式所表示的噻二唑系化合物，以及
磷酸三辛酯，
Figure FDA0003385342020000011
式中，R3、R4独立地表示氢原子、碳数1～20的直链或支链烷基或烯基，x、y各自为0～2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，以润滑剂组合物的总质量为基准，(b)钙盐的含量为0.05～5质量％，(c)抗氧化剂的含量为0.05～5质量％，(d)甘油脂肪酸酯的含量为0.05～5质量％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，所述(c)抗氧化剂为受阻酚。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，所述(a)基础油中的合成油为合成烃油，基础油的40℃时的动态粘度为20～300mm2/s。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，以润滑剂组合物的总质量为基准，所述噻二唑系化合物的含量为5质量％以下。
6.一种偏心摇摆式行星齿轮型的减速机，封入有权利要求1～5中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物。
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