CN1101810C - 盐酸乐卡地平的制备方法 - Google Patents

盐酸乐卡地平的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1101810C
CN1101810C CN96193842A CN96193842A CN1101810C CN 1101810 C CN1101810 C CN 1101810C CN 96193842 A CN96193842 A CN 96193842A CN 96193842 A CN96193842 A CN 96193842A CN 1101810 C CN1101810 C CN 1101810C
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A·莱奥纳蒂
G·莫塔
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Abstract

1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-吡啶-3,5-二羧酸甲酯1,1,N-三甲基-N-(3,3-二苯基丙基)-2-氨基乙酯(乐卡地平)的制备方法,包括在非质子传递溶剂中将2,6-二甲基-5-甲氧基羰基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-羧酸的酰卤与2,N-二甲基-N-(3,3-二苯基丙基)-1-氨基-2-丙醇反应。产物可用工业规模的结晶技术进行分离,以高得率获得其无水氢氯化物,这是具有高稳定性和低吸湿性的形式。

Description

盐酸乐卡地平的制备方法
本发明涉及盐酸乐卡地平(lercanidipine)的制备方法。乐卡地平是1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-吡啶-3,5-二羧酸甲酯1,1,N-三甲基-N-(3,3-二苯基丙基)-2-氨基乙酯。它具有如下结构式I:
美国专利No.4705 797公开了乐卡地平。它是L型钙通道拮抗剂,作为抗高血压药和作为治疗心绞痛和冠脉疾病的药物十分有效。
如上述美国专利所述,乐卡地平的制备按照如下反应流程进行:
Figure C9619384200032
按照此流程,将氨基醇(1)与双烯酮反应生成相应的乙酰乙酸酯(2),将其与3-硝基苯甲醛连接得到α-乙酰基-3-硝基肉桂酸1,1,N-三甲基-N-(3,3-二苯基丙基)-2-氨基乙酯(3)。再在回流的异丙醇中使其与3-氨基巴豆酸甲酯环化。
此方法有很多缺点。就其本身而言,最后一步所用的环化反应得出几种副产物。这不仅降低了所需产物的得率,而且副产物的除去需要使用提纯技术,如柱层析,这难以工业规模施用。事实上,最后一步的得率为35%,整个方法的得率为23%。
该方法的产物为盐酸乐卡地平半水合物,熔点119-123℃、此产物有些吸湿性,这可导致组合物的易变性和在药剂制备过程中难以处理。此外,盐酸乐卡地平半水合物的稳定性不够满意。
本发明提供盐酸乐卡地平的制备方法,该方法包括:
a)在非质子传递溶剂中,用卤化剂将2,6-二甲基-5-甲氧基羰基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-羧酸卤化;
b)将溶于非质子传递溶剂的2,N-二甲基-N-(3,3-二苯基丙基)-1-氨基-2-丙醇加到所得的酰卤中;及
c)将所得的乐卡地平作为无水氢氯化物分离出来。
本发明的方法以下面的反应流程表示:
Figure C9619384200041
卤化反应以氯化为佳。可在-15℃至40℃的温度范围内,可选择在惰性气体环境如氮气或氩气中,用已知的氯化剂如亚硫酰氯、五氯化磷、三氯化磷、磷酰氯、草酰氯或其它市售氯化剂,在氯化的或非氯化的非质子传递溶剂如氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、四氢呋喃、二噁烷、二甲基甲酰胺、碳酸二甲酯或它们的任何混合物中,进行反应。氯化反应的时间可从15分钟至3小时。
然后加入溶于上述溶剂之一或任选的其它非质子传递溶剂(如甲苯、二甲苯或具有5-7个碳原子的链烷或环烷)的氨基醇(1),反应温度维持在-15℃至40℃范围内,使反应进行至完成。通过用适当的分析技术如薄层色谱法或高效液相色谱法测试取自反应混合物的样品可确定反应的完成。
本发明的方法是相应的二氢吡啶羧酸的酯化反应。因为酰卤不必分离出来,这实际上是一步反应。与上述现有技术方法相比,形成较少的反应副产物。结果,得率得到改善,这是与乐卡地平较简单的提纯和分离相伴随的。这可以常规方法进行,如用溶剂从碱化的溶液中萃取,用盐酸再成盐,及重结晶,从而可避免使用色谱柱分离所需的最终产物。由于柱色谱法常需使用大量有机洗脱剂,就改善产品质量、降低生产成本和简化生产废弃物的生态处理而言,该步骤的省略显然有益于工业实用性。
按本发明制备的盐酸乐卡地平是无水结晶型的,结晶法交替以非质子传递溶剂和质子传递溶剂的两个连续步骤进行,具体来说,将粗制的盐酸盐先从非质子传递溶剂如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯或丙酮中重结晶,再从质子传递溶剂如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇和叔丁醇中的一种或几种溶剂,可任选采用与其它溶剂(包括水)的混合物重结晶,重结晶后将在185-190℃范围内的2摄氏度之内熔化。进一步发现,它比以前的方法所得的盐酸乐卡地平半水合物更稳定、较少吸湿性。这些性质使其更适合于药物应用,因为它们有益于较简单地大规模生产固体药物制剂。
下面的实施例将阐述本发明。
实施例1
盐酸乐卡地平
以约15分钟的时间将45.8g(0.385mol)亚硫酰氯滴加到在氮气下维持于-4℃至+1℃的如德国专利2847237所述制备的116.2g(0.35mol)2,6-二甲基-5-甲氧基羰基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-羧酸(4)、645ml无水二氯甲烷和160ml无水二甲基甲酰胺的搅拌着的混合物中。将混合物在同样的温度范围内搅拌1小时。然后于-10℃至0℃以15分钟时间滴加如美国专利4705797所述制备的104.1g(0.35mol)2,N-二甲基-N-(3,3-二苯基丙基)-1-氨基-2-丙醇(1)在105ml无水二氯甲烷中的溶液。于0℃搅拌3小时后,于室温放置18-20小时,真空蒸去溶剂,残渣溶于3500ml乙酸乙酯。将此有机溶液用饱和NaCl溶液(700ml)、10%Na2CO3(700ml×5)、饱和NaCl溶液(700ml)、1N HCl(700ml×5)和饱和NaCl溶液(700ml)依次洗涤。分离出有机层,以无水NaSO4干燥30分钟,过滤,用23g碳处理,再过滤。然后将所得的溶液真空浓缩至约1升的体积,加入盐酸乐卡地平结晶的晶种。于0℃至5℃静置1天后将固体滤出,从无水乙醇中重结晶得到179.5g(理论值的78%)盐酸乐卡地平,熔点为186-188℃。
实施例2
在100℃光照下的稳定性
将按实施例1所述制备的无水盐酸乐卡地平和按美国专利No.4705797所述制备的盐酸乐卡地平半水合物的样品于100℃加热48小时。按如下条件在0、24和48小时用HPLC分析检测样品:
柱:m-Bondapak C-18(水),粒径10mm,300×3.9mm内径。
洗脱剂:CH3CN(61%):以HClO4调节至pH3的0.15M NaClO4水溶液(39%),(v/v)。
洗脱:恒溶剂洗脱
流速:1.5毫升/分钟
温度:25℃
检测器:UV(249nm)
衰减:0.05AUFS
在这些条件下,盐酸乐卡地平的保留时间约为7分钟。结果报告于表I。
       表I               HPLC纯度(%)
    最初     24小时     48小时
  100℃光   无水     99.74     99.36     99.01
半水合物     99.85     92.35     90.96
显然,无水形式的盐酸乐卡地平比半水合物显著稳定。
实施例3
在黑暗中于75%相对湿度下在40℃和60℃的稳定性
将如实施例2所鉴定的两种不同形式的盐酸乐卡地平放在置于60℃、75%相对湿度下的开口玻璃烧瓶中的开口聚乙烯袋中。于0、8和15天,检测样品的吸湿性,用Karl Fisher(K.F.)法测定水含量。在40℃、75%相对湿度下重复该实验。结果报告于表II。
         表II            水含量(%)-K.F.
    最初     8天     15天
    60℃黑暗     无水     0.28     0.85     0.77
  半水合物     1.42     4.00     4.04
    40℃黑暗     无水     0.28     0.30     0.32
  半水合物     1.42     3.14     3.05
无水形式的盐酸乐卡地平比半水合物吸湿性明显要小。

Claims (8)

1. 1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-吡啶-3,5-二羧酸甲酯1,1,N-三甲基-N-(3,3-二苯基丙基)-2-氨基乙酯盐酸盐的制备方法,方法的特征在于包括以下步骤:
a)在非质子传递溶剂中,用卤化剂将2,6-二甲基-5-甲氧基羰基-4-(3-硝基苯基)-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-羧酸卤化;
b)将溶于非质子传递溶剂的2,N-二甲基-N-(3,3-二苯基丙基)-1-氨基-2-丙醇加到所得的酰卤中;及
c)将所得的乐卡地平作为无水氢氯化物分离出来。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中卤化剂为亚硫酰氯、五氯化磷、三氯化磷、磷酰氯或草酰氯。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中进行卤化反应的非质子传递溶剂为氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、四氢呋喃、二噁烷、二甲基甲酰胺、碳酸二甲酯或其两种或两种以上的混合物。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中用于溶解2,N-二甲基-N-(3,3-二苯基丙基)-1-氨基-2-丙醇的非质子传递溶剂为氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、四氢呋喃、二噁烷、二甲基甲酰胺、碳酸二甲酯、甲苯、二甲苯或具有5-7个碳原子的链烷或具有5-7个碳原子的环烷或其两种或两种以上的混合物。
5.如权利要求1,2,3或4所述的方法,其中乐卡地平用结晶法分离。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中结晶法交替以非质子传递溶剂和质子传递溶剂的两个连续步骤进行。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中非质子传递结晶溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯或丙酮。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的方法,其中质子传递结晶溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇和叔丁醇中的一种或几种溶剂,可任选地采用与水的混合物。
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CN102558032B (zh) * 2011-12-16 2014-02-26 华润赛科药业有限责任公司 一种无定形盐酸乐卡地平及其制备方法
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CN109956943B (zh) * 2019-04-18 2021-07-20 合肥合源药业有限公司 一种二氢吡啶类药物中脱羧缩合杂质及其制备、控制方法

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EP0153016A2 (en) * 1984-02-14 1985-08-28 RECORDATI S.A. CHEMICAL and PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY Asymmetrical diesters of 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid

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TW404940B (en) 2000-09-11
HU226709B1 (en) 2009-07-28
ITMI950957A0 (it) 1995-05-12
ATE221050T1 (de) 2002-08-15
ES2179942T3 (es) 2003-02-01
RO119616B1 (ro) 2005-01-28
DE69622552T2 (de) 2003-01-23
NO975176L (no) 1997-11-11
ITMI950957A1 (it) 1996-11-12
CN1184468A (zh) 1998-06-10
EP0824517B1 (en) 2002-07-24
BG102034A (en) 1998-04-30
IL118143A (en) 2001-06-14
HUP9801913A3 (en) 1999-01-28
TNSN96069A1 (fr) 2005-03-15
WO1996035668A1 (en) 1996-11-14
KR100395441B1 (ko) 2004-02-05
EG21755A (en) 2002-02-27
ZA963716B (en) 1996-11-20
PT824517E (pt) 2002-12-31
CZ356797A3 (cs) 1998-04-15
AU5898596A (en) 1996-11-29
AR002739A1 (es) 1998-04-29
BG62400B1 (bg) 1999-10-29
AU694046B2 (en) 1998-07-09
CA2217849A1 (en) 1996-11-14
NZ309059A (en) 1998-10-28
KR19990008378A (ko) 1999-01-25
MA23858A1 (fr) 1996-12-31
EE03351B1 (et) 2001-02-15
MX9708662A (es) 1998-08-30
IT1274480B (it) 1997-07-17
IN188486B (zh) 2002-10-05
DK0824517T3 (da) 2002-11-18
DE69622552D1 (de) 2002-08-29
MY113802A (en) 2002-05-31
JPH11504932A (ja) 1999-05-11
BR9608374A (pt) 1999-08-24
SK283321B6 (sk) 2003-06-03
PL323236A1 (en) 1998-03-16
UA46769C2 (uk) 2002-06-17
CZ288634B6 (cs) 2001-08-15
NO975176D0 (no) 1997-11-11
EA000346B1 (ru) 1999-04-29
DZ2032A1 (fr) 2002-07-21
HUP9801913A2 (hu) 1998-12-28
EP0824517A1 (en) 1998-02-25
EA199700374A1 (ru) 1998-10-29
SA96170216B1 (ar) 2005-12-21
PL185260B1 (pl) 2003-04-30
IL118143A0 (en) 1996-09-12
NO309423B1 (no) 2001-01-29
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CA2217849C (en) 2007-09-11

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