CN108587528A - 胶黏剂和相关方法 - Google Patents
胶黏剂和相关方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108587528A CN108587528A CN201810460293.XA CN201810460293A CN108587528A CN 108587528 A CN108587528 A CN 108587528A CN 201810460293 A CN201810460293 A CN 201810460293A CN 108587528 A CN108587528 A CN 108587528A
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- cured liquid
- theme
- acrylic acid
- appropriate
- adhesive
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3442—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09J133/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- C09J4/00—Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; adhesives, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09J183/00 - C09J183/16
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09J4/00—Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; adhesives, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09J183/00 - C09J183/16
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- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
- C09J5/06—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
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Abstract
本发明的题目是胶黏剂和相关方法。描述了一种适当固化的压敏胶黏剂组合物,其包括一种或多种稠化组分、结构稀释剂、自由基稀释剂,以及添加剂,比如交联剂、外部催化剂、光敏引发剂和稳定剂/加工助剂。稠化组分可以是丙烯酸或非丙烯酸。
Description
本申请是分案申请,原申请的申请日为2013年10月10日、申请号为201380063122.9(PCT/US2013/064190)、发明名称为“胶黏剂和相关方法”。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求提交于2012年10月9日的美国临时申请序列号61/711,386的优先权。
技术领域
本主题一般涉及与丙烯酸酯或乙烯基-丙烯酸酯基础聚合物掺混的反应性低聚物和/或化合物。在某些形式中,非丙烯酸酯聚合物被用于共混物中。该共混物产生包含低聚物上的潜在官能度和/或用于适当交联的添加剂的压敏胶黏剂(PSA)。交联可通过表面催化、UV照射或其他固化机制触发。
具体而言,本主题涉及压敏胶黏剂组合物,更具体地涉及在宽的温度范围内具有高的粘合性的压敏胶黏剂。该主题还涉及适当固化液体组合物。本主题还涉及形成方法和使用这种组合物的方法。该主题进一步涉及并入该组合物的泡沫制品。
发明内容
本主题一般涉及通过UV光、表面催化或一些其他机制适当固化的压敏胶黏剂,并且其获得比典型的PSA高得多的强度。该胶黏剂通常通过反应性低聚物与一种或多种高分子量丙烯酸酯聚合物掺混形成。一个实例是硅烷官能的丙烯酸聚合物和甲硅烷基封端的聚醚的共混物。该共混物是固有粘性的,并且可通过将该共混物暴露于包含低聚硅烷的化合物被固化,所述低聚硅烷诸如可被印刷在配合表面上。
在一种实施方式中,本主题的压敏胶黏剂或适当固化的组合物由包括以下的共混物形成:(a)反应性低聚物和(b)高分子量丙烯酸酯聚合物。该共混物是固有粘性的,并且通过将该共混物暴露于包含低聚硅烷的化合物被固化,所述低聚硅烷可以通过印刷在表面上被引入。
本主题的另一种实施方式是适当固化的压敏胶黏剂,其包括:(a)20-80重量百分数(wt%)的稠化组分(bodying component),其包括具有5,000至1,000,000,在某些实施方式中为15,000-250,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为15,000-100,000的分子量(Mw)的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)5-50wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)10-80wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(d)0-4.0wt%的一种或多种交联剂,(e)0-4.0wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(f)0.01-10wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,和(g)0-10.0wt%的一种或多种稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的又另一种实施方式是适当固化的压敏胶黏剂,其包括(a)20-80wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有1,000至500,000,在某些实施方式中为1,000-100,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为1000-50,000的Mw的基础聚合物,所述基础聚合物选自聚烯烃、聚乙烯基芳香烃、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚醚和其组合,(b)5-50wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)10-80wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(d)0-1.0wt%的一种或多种交联剂,(e)0-4.0wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(f)0.01-10wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,和(g)0-10.0wt%的一种或多种稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的压敏胶黏剂,其包括:(a)20-80wt%的具有100,000至1,000,000和在某些实施方式中为250,000-750,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)0-30wt%的一种或多种增粘剂,(c)5-40wt%的一种或多种液体反应性组分,(d)0-30wt%的丙烯酸-环氧官能组分和/或环氧官能烯烃,和(e)0-2wt%的金属螯合物交联剂-催化剂和/或外部催化剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的压敏胶黏剂,其包括:(a)50-80wt%的具有250,000-750,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)10-30wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)0-0.5wt%的金属螯合物交联剂,(d)0-2wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,和(e)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的压敏胶黏剂,其包括:(a)50-80wt%的具有250,000-750,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)20-40wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)0-30wt%的任选的丙烯酸-环氧官能组分,(d)0-0.5wt%的金属螯合物交联剂,(e)0-2wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,和(f)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)5-70wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有5,000至1,000,000,在某些实施方式中为15,000-250,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为15,000-100,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)5-40wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)30-95wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(d)0-10.0wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(e)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,(f)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏剂,和(g)0-10wt%的稳定剂(一种或多种)。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)5-50wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有15,000至100,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)50-95wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)0.01-10wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,和(d)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括(a)30-70wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有15,000-100,000的Mw的丙烯酸共聚物,(b)7-70wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)7-70wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(d)2-10wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,(e)0-1%的一种或多种抗氧化剂,和(f)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)5-70wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有5,000至1,000,000,在某些实施方式中为15,000-250,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为15,000-100,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)5-80wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)5-70wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(d)0-5.0wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(e)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,(f)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏剂,和(g)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)10-15wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有15,000-100,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)45-60wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)30-40wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(d)0.01-2.0wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(e)0.01-10wt%的光敏引发剂,(f)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏剂,和(g)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)5-70wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有1,000至500,000,在某些实施方式中为1,000-100,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为1,000-50,000的Mw的非丙烯酸基础聚合物,所述非丙烯酸基础聚合物选自聚烯烃、聚乙烯基芳香烃、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚醚和其组合,(b)5-80wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)0-40wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(d)0-5.0wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(e)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,(f)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏剂,和(g)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)5-50wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有5,000至1,000,000和在某些实施方式中15,000-100,000的Mw的非丙烯酸聚合物,(b)50-95wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)0.01-10wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,和(d)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。所述非丙烯酸聚合物选自聚烯烃、聚乙烯基芳香烃、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚醚和其组合。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)5-70wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有1,000至500,000,在某些实施方式中为1,000-100,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为1,000-50,000的Mw的非丙烯酸基础聚合物,所述非丙烯酸基础聚合物选自聚烯烃、聚乙烯基芳香烃、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚醚和其组合,(b)5-80wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)5-70wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(d)0-5.0wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(e)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,(f)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏剂,和(g)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)10-15wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有1,000至500,000,在某些实施方式中为1,000-100,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为1,000-50,000的Mw的非丙烯酸聚合物,(b)45-60wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)30-40wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(d)0.01-2.0wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(e)0.01-10wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,(f)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏剂,和(g)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。所述非丙烯酸聚合物选自聚烯烃、聚乙烯基芳香烃、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚醚和其组合。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)5-70wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有5,000至1,000,000,在某些实施方式中为15,000-250,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为15,000-100,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)5-70wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有1,000至500,000,在某些实施方式中为1,000-100,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为1,000-50,000的Mw的非丙烯酸基础聚合物,所述非丙烯酸基础聚合物选自聚烯烃、聚乙烯基芳香烃、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚醚和其组合,(c)5-80wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(d)0-40wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(e)0-5.0wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(f)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,(g)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏剂,和(h)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)5-50wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有5,000至1,000,000,在某些实施方式中为15,000-250,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为15,000-100,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)5-50wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有1,000至500,000、在某些实施方式中为1,000至50,000的Mw的非丙烯酸基础聚合物,所述非丙烯酸基础聚合物选自聚烯烃、聚乙烯基芳香烃、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚醚和其组合,(c)50-95wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(d)0.01-10wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(e)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏剂,和(f)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)70-80重量百分数的稠化组分,其包括具有15,000-250,000和在某些实施方式中为18,000–70,000的Mw的丙烯酸共聚物,(b)15-20wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)0.01-5wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,和(d)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体,其包括:(a)5-15wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有5,000至1,000,000,在某些实施方式中为15,000-250,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为15,000-100,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)5-15wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有1,000至500,000,在某些实施方式中为1,000-100,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为1,000-50,000的Mw的非丙烯酸基础聚合物,所述非丙烯酸基础聚合物选自聚烯烃、聚乙烯基芳香烃、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚醚和其组合,(c)45-60wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(d)30-40wt%的一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,(e)0.01-2.0wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂,(f)0.01-10wt%的一种或多种光敏引发剂,(g)0-10wt%的一种或多种光敏剂,和(h)0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的液体。该液体包括(a)5-70wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有5,000至1,000,000的Mw的非丙烯酸基础聚合物,所述非丙烯酸基础聚合物选自聚烯烃、聚乙烯基芳香烃、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚醚和其组合;(b)0-40wt%的至少一种结构稀释剂;(c)30-95wt%的至少一种自由基加成稀释剂;(d)0-10.0wt%的固化剂;(e)0-10wt%的光敏剂;和(f)0-10wt%的稳定剂。
本主题的另一种实施方式包括固化压敏胶黏剂的方法。具体而言,固化压敏胶黏剂的方法包括提供适当固化的压敏胶黏剂,所述压敏胶黏剂包括20-80wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有5,000至1,000,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,5-50wt%的至少一种结构稀释剂,10-80wt%的至少一种自由基加成稀释剂,0-10.0wt%的交联剂,0-4.0wt%的第一固化剂,0.01-10wt%的第二固化剂,和0-10.0wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。该方法还包括使胶黏剂暴露或经历选自辐射、热、湿气、压力、超声、化学暴露和其组合的第一刺激。
本主题的另一种实施方式包括适当固化的压敏胶黏剂,其包括(a)50-80wt%的具有250,000-750,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物;(b)10-30wt%的至少一种结构稀释剂;(c)0-0.5wt%的至少一种金属螯合物交联剂;(d)0-2wt%的固化剂;和(e)0.1-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
如将认识到的,本文所述的主题能够实现其他和不同的实施方式,并且其若干细节能够进行各个方面的改进,其全部不背离要求保护的主题。因此,附图和说明书被认为是示意性的并且不是限制性的。
附图说明
图1描绘了实施例3中适当固化的压敏胶黏剂的某些实施方式的动态力学分析。
图2描绘了本主题的一般的粘结方法。
图3描绘了实施例34的搭接剪切测试(Lap Shear Test)的程序。
图4描绘了实施例35的搭接剪切测试的程序。
图5描绘了施加液体至基板和随后通过暴露于光化辐射适当固化液体的示意图。
图6是描绘根据本主题的粘结方法的示意性流程图。
发明详述
在某些实施方式中,本主题的适当固化的胶黏剂包括(i)稠化组分,其可以是丙烯酸基的或非丙烯酸基的或包括丙烯酸酯和非丙烯酸酯的组合,(ii)一种或多种结构稀释剂,(iii)一种或多种自由基加成稀释剂,和(iv)一种或多种添加剂,比如(a)交联剂,(b)催化剂比如热催化剂和碱催化剂,(c)光敏引发剂,其包括自由基光敏引发剂、UV自由基光敏引发剂以及I和II型光敏引发剂,(d)包括染料的光敏剂,和(e)稳定剂或加工助剂。在下述表1中可见三种主要组分(i)-(iii)的选择的概述。
表1:组合物的主要组分的代表性列表
本文提供了这些不同组分的细节。
稠化组分
本文广义地定义稠化组分为具有至少25,000道尔顿的分子量(Mw)。稠化组分(一种或多种)可以以10-90wt%,在某些实施方式中为20-80wt%,和在仍其他实施方式中为30-70wt%,可选地5-70wt%,可选地40-60wt%,可选地30-50wt%,可选地5-15wt%,可选地10-15wt%,或80wt%的量存在于本主题的组合物中。稠化组分可以是丙烯酸基的稠化组分或非丙烯酸基的稠化组分。可以使用这些和潜在地与其他组分的组合。稠化组分可具有5,000至1,000,000,在某些实施方式中为15,000-250,000,和在仍其他实施方式中为15,000-100,000,可选地1,000至500,000,在某些形式中为1,000-100,000,和在仍其他形式中为1,000-50,000,或可选地18,000-70,000的分子量(Mw)。
在本主题的某些实施方式中,具体的丙烯酸基的稠化组分可如下使用。应当理解,本主题包括替代任何指出的丙烯酸酯单体、低聚物或组分,或除它们之外,使用相应的甲基丙烯酸酯单体、低聚物或组分。
MJZ4-87-1:稠化组分。该稠化组分是由55wt%的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、25wt%的乙酸乙烯酯、18wt%的丙烯酸甲酯和2wt%的AdditolTMS-100组成的具有50k的数均分子量(Mn)(多分散性指数(PDI)3.5,无规共聚物)的无规丙烯酸共聚物。
MW1-65:稠化组分。该稠化组分是由50wt%的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、48wt%的丙烯酸甲酯和2wt%的AdditolTMS-100组成的具有50k的Mn(PDI 3.5,无规共聚物)的无规丙烯酸共聚物。
MW1-69:稠化组分。该稠化组分是由44.9wt%的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、43.1wt%的丙烯酸甲酯43.1%、10.2wt%的ElvaciteTM1020(pMMA)和1.8wt%的AdditolTMS-100组成的具有50k的Mn(PDI 3.5,无规共聚物)的无规丙烯酸共聚物。
MW1-91:稠化组分。该稠化组分是由56.1wt%的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、25.5wt%的乙酸乙烯酯、18.4wt%的丙烯酸甲酯组成的具有50k的Mn(PDI 3.5,无规共聚物)的无规丙烯酸共聚物。
MW1-93(合成的最佳实施例是MW1-101)。该稠化组分是由55wt%的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、25wt%的乙酸乙烯酯、18wt%的丙烯酸甲酯、2wt%的乙基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯组成的具有50k的Mn(PDI 3.5,无规共聚物)的无规丙烯酸共聚物。
MW1-94:稠化组分。该稠化组分是丙烯酸和MW1-93的加合物,其包含98wt%的MW1-93和2wt%的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和铬(3+)催化剂。
在下述表2中阐释了呈现在表1中的某些稠化组分的详细配方。
在前述表2中的缩写包括:BA:丙烯酸丁酯;2-EHA:丙烯酸2-乙基己酯;tBA:叔丁基丙烯酸酯;EOEOEA:丙烯酸乙氧基乙氧基乙酯;PPO:聚氧化丙烯,BMA:甲基丙烯酸丁酯。
自由基加成稀释剂
自由基加成稀释剂是具有一般小于25,000的分子量(Mw)和/或一般具有25℃下低于25,000cps的粘度的丙烯酸基的单体。自由基加成稀释剂在本文有时被称为反应性稀释剂。自由基加成稀释剂以10-80wt%,在某些实施方式中为50-70wt%,可选地10-60wt%,可选地5-70wt%,可选地0-40wt%,在仍其他实施方式中为30-40wt%,或可选地7-25wt%的量存在于本主题的组合物中。自由基加成稀释剂可包括(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体并且在某些形式中具有小于10,000道尔顿的总的Mw。本文有用的自由基加成稀释剂的实例包括ACE、异硬脂醇丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸十七烷基酯、丙烯酸二环戊二烯酯、THF丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化THF丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、氨基甲酸乙酯丙烯酸酯(Mw<2000)、OXE-10、OXE-30、S-100、V2100、脂环族V2100和PAMA。本文结合实例更详细描述这些组分中的许多。以下详细阐释了若干自由基加成稀释剂的实例。
烷氧基化THF丙烯酸酯是可作为CD-611获得自Sartomer的低粘度单官能单体,其中n没有公开,并且其如下显示为式(1):
丙烯酸羟乙酯:该自由基加成稀释剂如下显示为式(2):
丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯:该自由基加成稀释剂如下显示为式(3):
该低粘度单官能单体可作为SR339获得自Sartomer。
丙烯酸四氢呋喃酯(THFA或THF丙烯酸酯):该自由基加成稀释剂如下显示为式(4)。该低粘度单官能单体可作为SR285获得自Sartomer。
结构稀释剂
结构稀释剂可以以下面的量存在于本主题的组合物中:5-80wt%,可选地5-50wt%,在某些实施方式中为10-50wt%,可选地5-40wt%,可选地10-30wt%,可选地20-40wt%,可选地65-95wt%,可选地75-85wt%,可选地75-95wt%,可选地7-25wt%,可选地45-65wt%,可选地45-60wt%,可选地75-85wt%和可选地15-20wt%。结构稀释剂在本文有时被称为结构组分。结合本文的实施例描述各种结构稀释剂和细节。
各种结构稀释剂包括下述:三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)。该单体可作为SR351获得自Sartomer,并且如下显示为式(5):
二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯,可作为SR306获得自Sartomer,并且如下显示为式(6):
乙氧基化(3mol)双酚A二丙烯酸酯。该单体可作为SR349获得自Sartomer,其中n+m=3,并且如下显示为式(7):
乙氧基化(3mol)三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,并且如下显示为式(8):
该单体可作为SR454获得自Sartomer。
双酚A二缩水甘油醚二丙烯酸酯如下显示为式(9):
该单体可作为Ebecryl 600获得自Cytec。
自由基结构组分包括一种或多种可固化材料,其包括具有Tg>0℃的均聚物。这种适合的组分包括三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)、乙氧基化(x mol)双酚A二丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化(x mol)三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯和双酚A二缩水甘油醚二丙烯酸酯。该值x为从1至10,在某些实施方式中为从1至5,和在仍其他实施方式中为3。
开环结构组分也可被用于某些实施方式中。适合的开环结构组分包括S-21、S-28、Epon 828、Epon 834、A-186和A-187。还有用的为环氧、氧杂环丁烷、酐和内酰胺。
可阳离子聚合的单体包括包含环氧的材料、烷基乙烯基醚、环醚、苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、乙烯基甲苯、N-乙烯基化合物、1-烷基烯烃(α-烯烃)、内酰胺和环状缩醛。
通过该主题的催化系统可固化或聚合的包含环氧的材料是已知经历阳离子聚合的那些,并且包括1,2-环醚、1,3-环醚和1,4-环醚(也命名为1,2-环氧化物、1,3-环氧化物和1,4-环氧化物)。1,2-环醚被用于本主题的某些形式。
根据该主题可聚合的环醚包括在Frisch和Reegan,Ring-OpeningPolymerizations,第二卷(1969)中描述的那些。适合的1,2-环醚是单体和聚合型的环氧化物。它们可以是脂肪族、脂环族、芳族或杂环的,并且将通常具有从1至6和在某些实施方式中为1至3的环氧当量。尤其有用的是脂肪族、脂环族和缩水甘油醚型1,2-环氧化物,比如环氧丙烷、表氯醇、氧化苯乙烯、乙烯基环己烯化氧、乙烯基环己烯二酮、缩水甘油、氧化丁二烯、双酚A的缩水甘油醚、环己烯化氧、3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基-3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己烷羧酸酯、双(3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基)己二酸、二氧化双环戊二烯、环氧化聚丁二烯、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、苯酚甲醛甲阶酚醛树脂或酚醛清漆树脂的聚缩水甘油醚、间苯二酚二缩水甘油醚和环氧硅氧烷,例如,具有脂环族环氧化物或缩水甘油醚基团的二甲基硅氧烷。
各种商业环氧树脂是可用的并且在Lee和Neville,Handbook of Epoxy Resins,(1967)以及在P.Bruins,Epoxy Resin Technology,(1968)中列出。根据该主题可聚合的代表性1,3-和1,4-环醚是氧杂环丁烷、3,3-双(氯甲基)氧杂环丁烷和四氢呋喃。
尤其,容易获得的环醚包括环氧丙烷、氧杂环丁烷、表氯醇、四氢呋喃、氧化苯乙烯、环己烯化氧、乙烯基环己烯化氧、缩水甘油、环氧辛烷、苯基缩水甘油醚、1,2-氧化丁烷、双酚A的缩水甘油醚(例如,Epon 828和DER 331)、乙烯基环己烯二酮(例如,ERL-4206)、3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯(例如,ERL-4221)、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基-3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己烷羧酸酯(例如ERL-4201)、双(3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基)己二酸(例如,ERL-4299)、聚丙二醇改性的脂肪族环氧树脂(例如,ERL-4050和ERL-4052)、二氧化二戊烯(例如,ERL-4269)、环氧化聚丁二烯(例如,Oxiron 2001)、硅氧烷环氧树脂(例如,Syl-Kem 90)、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚(例如,Araldite RD-2)、甲醛酚醛清漆树脂的聚缩水甘油醚(例如,DER-431)、Epi-Rez 521和DER-438)、间苯二酚二缩水甘油醚(例如,Kopoxite)、聚二醇二环氧化物(例如,DER-736)、聚丙烯酸酯环氧化物(例如,Epocryl U-14)、氨基甲酸乙酯改性的环氧化物(例如,QX3599)、多官能柔性环氧化物(例如,Flexibilizer 151)、和其混合物,以及其与也熟知的助固化剂、固化剂或硬化剂的混合物(见上文的Lee和Neville和Bruins)。可使用的代表性的硬化剂的助固化剂是酸酐比如甲基纳迪克酸酐、环戊烷四羧酸二酐、苯四酸酐、顺-1,2-环己烷二羧酸酸酐和其混合物。
可用于本主题的可阳离子聚合的单体包括但不限于包含环氧的材料、烷基乙烯基醚、环醚、苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、乙烯基甲苯、N-乙烯基化合物、氰酸酯、1-烯烃(α烯烃)、内酰胺和环状缩醛。
在美国专利号5,252,694第4栏第30行至第5栏第34行描述了另外可阳离子聚合的单体。该类型的具体单体包括828,和1001F以及脂环族环氧单体的ERL系列比如或尤其有用的单体是ERL系列,因为它们较低的固化温度。
某些内酯可用于本主题。本主题中可用作共聚单体的内酯包括以下显示为式(10)-(12)的那些:
其中n是4或5,h、i、k和m独立地为1或2,并且每个R独立地选自H或包含至多12个碳原子的烃基。具体的内酯是其中R是氢或甲基的那些,和在某些实施方式中尤其有用的内酯是e-己内酯、d-戊内酯、乙交酯(1,4-二氧杂环己烷-2,5-二酮)、1,5-二氧杂环庚烷-2-酮和1,4-二氧杂环己烷-2-酮。
可用于本主题的另外类型的稀释剂是开环单体稀释剂。在采用的自由基聚合的条件下这种稀释剂与其他反应物也是非反应性的,并且其能够在固化步骤期间形成丙烯酸酯聚合物后经历开环。这种开环稀释剂包括但不限于通过如下显示为(13)-(16)的下述通式表示的内酯、内酰胺、环醚和环硅氧烷:
在式(13)-(16)中,x范围从例如3至11,并且在某些形式中3-6个亚烷基基团。
美国专利号5,082,922描述了开环单体作为稀释剂用于从烯键式不饱和单体无溶剂形成聚合物。但是,该专利描述了单体与开环稀释剂一起的单步反应。这不同于本主题的某些方法的两步策略,其提供聚合物从烯键式不饱和单体的初始形成,随后在存在因此形成的聚合物的情况下固化稀释剂。提及的专利提供反应条件比如至少150℃的温度的使用,其支持单个步骤中的两个反应。
有用的开环单体稀释剂包括但不限于丁内酯、戊内酯、己内酯、甲基-丁内酯、丁内酰胺、戊内酰胺、己内酰胺和硅氧烷。
一种硅氧烷开环单体是A-186,其通过硅烷-硅烷缩合反应充当开环固化结构组分以及硅烷官能的结构组分。A-186(β(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷)具有下述式(17):
虽然聚合反应可在存在非反应性溶剂的情况下进行,但是该反应可在基本无溶剂的情况下有利地发生。在某些实施方式中,溶剂将以按重量计至多约百分之10,和优选地不大于按重量计百分之5的量存在,这基于反应物的总重量。溶剂可从稀释剂反应步骤的产品去除(比如通过加热)。示例性非反应性溶剂包括酮类、醇类、酯类和烃溶剂,比如乙酸乙酯、甲苯和二甲苯。
用于本主题的唑啉或唑烷包括具有下式(18)-(19)的那些:
其中R表示包含5至8个碳的支化的、饱和的脂肪族烃基。另一适合的唑林如下显示为(20):
其中R表示包含5至8个碳的支化的、饱和的脂肪族烃基。
本文有用的唑烷混合物通常具有23℃下小于8,000mPa.s,和在某些形式中小于6,500mPa.s的粘度,因此,适合作为包含异氰酸酯基团的聚合物前体的无溶剂硬化剂。与包含异氰酸酯基团的聚合物前体组合,它们适于无溶剂或低溶剂、单组分系统的生产,其又适合作为高质量涂料、涂层组合物或密封组合物的胶黏剂。这些系统通常通过暴露于大气湿度在施加后被固化。适于生产这些系统的包含异氰酸酯基团的聚合物前体包括在例如美国专利号4,002,601中描述的有机聚异氰酸酯或异氰酸酯预聚物。一般地,在美国专利号5,189,176中描述了本文有用的唑啉。
在某些实施方式中,可使用双马来酰亚胺。可用于本主题的双马来酰亚胺是包含两个马来酰亚胺基团的有机化合物,并且一般由马来酸酐和二元胺制备。可以通过如下的通式(21)描述双马来酰亚胺:
其中R3是二价芳族或脂环族有机基团。在某些形式中,有用的双马来酰亚胺源自芳族二元胺,并且尤其是其中R3是多核芳族基的那些。这种双马来酰亚胺的实例包括2,2-双(4-氨基苯氧基-4-苯基)丙烷双马来酰亚胺、4,4'-双(3-氨基苯氧基)二苯砜双马来酰亚胺、1,4-双(3-氨基苯基异亚丙基)苯双马来酰亚胺和双(4-氨基苯基)甲烷双马来酰亚胺。双马来酰亚胺可单独地或作为混合物使用。
还有可能使用这样的双马来酰亚胺,其中至多50%的马来酰亚胺基团被取代的马来酰亚胺基团比如甲基马来酰亚胺或卤代马来酰亚胺或被纳迪克酰亚胺、甲基纳迪克酰亚胺或异马来酰亚胺基团替代。马来酰亚胺基团的部分也可被琥珀酰亚胺、邻苯二甲酰亚胺或取代的琥珀酰亚胺和邻苯二甲酰亚胺基团替代。
双马来酰亚胺可通过许多熟知的方法由马来酸酐和二元胺制备,并且许多可容易地获得自商业来源。
如先前所提及的,在本主题的某些方面中,组合物的一种或多种组分比如稠化组分可以是非丙烯酸基的稠化组分。可使用各种各样的非丙烯酸基的组分。非限制性实例包括聚烯烃、聚乙烯基芳香烃、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚醚和这些的组合,并且有可能结合一种或多种其他试剂和/或组分。聚乙烯芳族的具体的非限制性实例是聚苯乙烯。
添加剂
各种添加剂和引发剂结合本主题的胶黏剂和组合物是有用的。有时,本文使用术语“固化剂”。该术语指促进或引起主题组合物中聚合物(一种或多种)的聚合的试剂(一种或多种)或刺激。因此,术语固化剂包括单个试剂、单个刺激、多种试剂、多种刺激、试剂的组合、刺激的组合、和一种或多种试剂与一种或多种刺激的组合。一般而言,固化剂(一种或多种)可被活化,即通过辐射、热、湿气、压力、超声、暴露于化学试剂和其组合的至少一种可被活化。通常,如本文所使用的术语固化剂指催化剂和/或光敏引发剂。但是,应当认识到,该术语可包括各种各样的其他试剂(和刺激)。
热催化剂。催化剂在本文可以是外部的或内部的。催化剂可以以0-10wt%、0.1-10wt%、0-5wt%、0.1-5wt%、0-4wt%、0.1-4wt%、0-2wt%、0.1-2wt%或0.01-2wt%的量使用。适合的催化剂包括封端型强酸催化剂,其基于由下述组成的酸,例如三氟甲磺酸(triflic acid)、二壬基萘磺酸(DSA)、二壬基萘二磺酸(DDSA)、六氟磷酸和六氟化铵锑(路易斯酸),并且可获得自KingIndustries,例如CXC 1615(三氟甲磺酸的二乙胺盐)、155(基于DNNDSA的封端型酸催化剂)、CXC 1612(六氟化铵锑)、Super-A218(三氟甲磺酸的锌盐)、CXC 1738(六氟磷酸铵)和CXC 1614(三氟甲磺酸铵)。
碱催化剂可以是伯胺、仲胺或叔胺。适合的伯二胺是二氨基二苯砜。其他碱包括咪唑类和酮亚胺。适合的咪唑类包括2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑。在美国专利申请公布号2009/0194320第段可见咪唑固化剂的列表。可能的碱性固化剂是双氰胺[DICY]。
光敏引发剂。光敏引发剂包括自由基光敏引发剂和UV自由基光敏引发剂。光敏引发剂可以以0-10wt%、0.01-10wt%、2-5wt%或1-3wt%的量存在于本主题的组合物中。
自由基光敏引发剂。热引发剂包括过氧-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯、过氧-2-乙基己酸叔戊酯、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化苯甲酸叔戊酯、过氧化乙酸叔丁酯、和以商标名Vazo诸如例如Vazo 52、Vazo 67和Vazo 88售卖的偶氮化合物。
UV自由基光敏引发剂。适合于本主题的光敏引发剂包括I型和II型光敏引发剂二者。
I型光敏引发剂被限定为一旦照射基本上经历单分子键裂反应,从而获得自由基。适合的I型光敏引发剂选自安息香醚、苯偶酰缩酮、α-二烷氧基-苯乙酮、α-羟基烷基苯基酮和酰基-氧化膦。适合的I型光敏引发剂是商业上可得的,例如获得自Lamberti Spa,Gallarate,Italy,的Esacure KIP 100,或获得自Ciba-Geigy,Lautertal,Germany的Irgacure 651。
一般而言,本文适合的I型光敏引发剂化合物选自安息香醚、苯偶酰缩酮、α-二烷氧基-苯乙酮、α-羟基烷基苯基酮和酰基-氧化膦。
II型光敏引发剂被限定为基本上经历双分子反应,其中光敏引发剂在激发状态下与充当助引发剂的第二化合物相互作用以产生自由基。适合的II型光敏引发剂选自二苯甲酮、噻吨酮和二茂钛。适合的助引发剂优选地选自胺官能单体、低聚物或聚合物,由此氨基官能单体和低聚物被用于某些实施方式中。可以使用伯胺、仲胺和叔胺,由此叔胺被用于某些实施方式中。适合的II型光敏引发剂是商业上可得的,例如获得自Lamberti Spa,Gallarate,Italy的Esacure TZT,或获得自Aldrich Co.,Milwaukee,Wisconsin,USA的2-或3-甲基二苯甲酮。适合的胺助引发剂是商业上可得的,例如获得自Rahn AG,Zurich,Switzerland的5275。
II型光敏引发剂化合物的具体实例包括二苯甲酮和噻吨酮。在具体的实施方式中,助引发剂化合物比如胺可以存在并且可以与II型光敏引发剂化合物相互作用。
交联剂。本文有用的交联剂包括可辐射活化的交联剂,其选自醛类、酮类、醌类、噻吨酮和均三嗪类。金属螯合物交联剂催化剂也是预期的。交联剂可以以2至95wt%、0-4wt%、0.01-4wt%、0.01-2wt%、0-2wt%、0.01-1wt%、0-1wt%、0.01-0.5wt%或0-0.5wt%的量存在于本主题的组合物中。
光敏剂。每种增敏剂倾向于在可见光光谱和紫外光光谱中具有其本身的特征响应,这样它们可以组合使用以扩大响应的光,和/或增加暴露于光的响应速度。
光敏剂可以以比如0-15wt%、0.01-15wt%、0-10wt%、0.01-10wt%、0-5wt%、0.01-5wt%、0-2wt%、0.01-2wt%、0-1wt%和0.01-1wt%的量用于本主题的组合物。光敏剂可以是增感染料。
示意性增感染料是下述类别中的那些:二苯基甲烷、呫吨、吖啶、次甲基和聚甲炔、噻唑、噻嗪、吖嗪、氨基酮、卟啉、彩色芳族多环烃、硫杂蒽酮类、p-取代的氨基苯乙烯基化合物和氨基三芳基甲烷。
稳定剂和加工助剂。若干类别的稳定剂和加工助剂是预期的,包括油/蜡、抗氧化剂、光敏剂、流变改性剂、填料、自由基结构组分、开环结构组分、环氧树脂、氧杂环丁烷、酐、内酰胺、内酯、唑啉、异氰酸酯、双马来酰亚胺和偶氮二氧化物(azodioxide)。稳定剂和加工助剂以比如0-10wt%、0.1-10wt%、0-4wt%、0.1-4wt%、0-3wt%和0.1-3wt%的量用于该主题的组合物中。在某些实施方式中,使用偶氮二氧化物作为稳定剂是有用的。这样的一个实例是商业上可获得自Hampford Research,Inc.of Stratford,CT的名称为UVTS-52的稳定剂。UVTS-52是热可逆的偶氮二氧化物。UVTS-52(CAS 34122-40-2)被认为是1,4,4-三甲基-2,3-二氮杂双环-[3.2.2]-壬-2-烯-2,3-二氧化物。
增塑剂-油和蜡。适合的增塑剂包括增塑油,比如矿物油,但是还有烯烃低聚物和低分子量聚合物、或苯甲酸二醇酯,以及植物油和动物油和这类油的衍生物。可使用的衍生自石油的油是包含仅小比例的芳族烃的相对高沸点温度材料。在这点上,在某些实施方式中芳族烃应为按油的重量计小于30%,和更具体的小于15%。可选地,油可以是完全地非芳族的。作为增塑剂包括的适合的低聚物可以是聚丙烯、聚丁烯、氢化聚异戊二烯、氢化丁二烯或类似物,其具有在约100和约10,000g/mol之间的平均分子量。适合的植物油和动物油包括普通脂肪酸(例如,硬脂酸、油酸、亚麻油酸、亚麻酸)和其聚合产品的丙三醇酯类。可使用其他增塑剂,条件是它们具有适合的相容性。也已经发现由Nynas Corporation制造的环烷矿物油222B为适合的增塑剂。如将认识到,增塑剂通常被用于降低整体胶黏剂组合物的粘度,而基本上不降低胶黏剂强度和/或胶黏剂的使用温度。增塑剂的选择在特定最终用途(比如湿强度核心应用)的配方中是有用的。因为涉及生产和材料成本的经济因素,由于增塑剂的成本通常低于配方中比如聚合物和粘性树脂的其他材料,因此为了成本考虑,胶黏剂中增塑剂的量应该最大化。
蜡也可以按重量计0%至20%或0.1-20wt%、或0.1-15wt%的量用于胶黏剂组合物,并且用于降低胶黏剂的熔融粘度,而不明显地降低其胶黏剂粘结特征。这些蜡也用于降低组合物的晾置时间,而不影响温度性能。
有用的蜡材料的实例包括下述。
可能使用具有如通过ASTM方法D-1321测定的从约0.1至120的硬度值和从约66℃至120℃的ASTM软化点的低分子量(100-6000g/mol)聚乙烯。
可能使用石油蜡,比如具有从约130°F至170°F的熔点的石蜡和具有从约135°F至200°F的熔点的微晶蜡,后者熔点通过ASTM方法D 127-60测定。
可能使用具有从约120°至160℃的环球软化点的无规聚丙烯。
可能使用通过Clariant International,Ltd.,Muttenz,Switzerland商业化的名称为“Licocene”的茂金属催化的丙烯型蜡。
可能使用茂金属催化的蜡或单位点催化的蜡,诸如例如在美国专利4,914,253和6,319,979、和WO 97/33921和WO 98/03603中描述的那些。
可能使用石蜡,微晶蜡,聚乙烯蜡,聚丙烯蜡,副产物聚乙烯蜡,通过聚合一氧化碳和氢制造的合成蜡比如费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)蜡、氧化费-托蜡、官能化蜡和其混合物。
聚烯烃蜡。如本文所使用,术语“聚烯烃蜡”指由烯烃单体单元组成的那些聚合物或长链实体。这些材料是从Westlake Chemical Co.以商标名“Epolene”可商购的。
用于在本主题的某些实施方式中的材料具有200°F至350°F的环球软化点。如应该理解,这些蜡中的每一种在室温下是固体。其他有用的物质包括氢化动物、鱼和植物脂肪和油,比如氢化牛脂、猪油、豆油、棉籽油、蓖麻油、鲱鱼油、鱼肝油等,并且由于它们被氢化,所以在环境温度下它们是固体,发现其关于用作蜡材料等效物是有用的。这些氢化材料通常在胶黏剂工业中被称为“动物或植物蜡”。
抗氧化剂。胶黏剂还通常包括约0.1%至约5%的稳定剂或抗氧化剂。在本主题的胶黏剂组合物中有用的稳定剂被并入以帮助保护以上提及的聚合物,并且从而保护整个胶黏剂系统不受热和氧化降解的影响,热和氧化降解通常在胶黏剂的制造和应用期间以及在终产物正常暴露于大气环境中发生。这种降解通常通过胶黏剂的外观、物理特性和性能特征的劣化被证明。在某些实施方式中,尤其有用的抗氧化剂是由Ciba-Geigya制造的Irganox 1010——四(亚甲基(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯))甲烷。在可应用的稳定剂中是高分子量受阻酚和多官能酚类,比如含硫和磷的酚类。受阻酚对本领域技术人员是熟知的,并且可被表征为在紧邻其酚羟基还包含空间大体积基团(sterically bulkyradicals)的酚类化合物。尤其,叔丁基基团一般在苯环上相对于酚羟基的至少一个邻位处被取代。在羟基邻近处这些空间大体积取代基团的存在用来阻止其拉伸频率,并且相应地阻止其反应性。该位阻现象因此为酚类化合物提供其稳定特性。代表性受阻酚包括:
1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3-5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟苯基)苯;
四-3(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸季戊四醇酯;
正十八烷基-3(3,5-二叔-丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯;
4,4'-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔-丁基酚);
4,4'-硫代双(6-叔-丁基-邻甲酚);
2,6-二-叔-丁基酚;
6-(4-羟基苯氧基)-2,4-双(正辛硫基)-l,3,5-三嗪;
2,4,6-三(4-羟基-3,5-二-叔-丁基-苯氧基)-l,3,5-三嗪;
二-正十八烷基-3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基磷酸酯;
2-(正辛硫基)乙基-3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯甲酸酯;和
六-(3,3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基)丙酸山梨糖醇酯。
通过与下述结合使用,这些稳定剂的性能可以被进一步提高;(1)增效剂,诸如例如硫代二丙酸二月桂酯和亚磷酸酯;和(2)螯合剂和金属减活剂,诸如例如,乙二胺四乙酸、其盐、和二水杨酰丙二亚胺(disalicylalpropylenediimine)。
紫外抑制剂。抗氧化剂可用于阻止对胶黏剂组合物的氧化侵蚀,其可导致胶黏剂组合物的胶黏强度和内粘强度的损失。有用的抗氧化剂包括但不限于胺,比如可作为AGERITE D获得的N-N'-二-β-萘基-1,4-苯二胺,酚类化合物,比如来自Monsanto ChemicalCo.的可作为SANTOVAR A获得的2,5-二-(特戊基)对苯二酚,来自Ciba-Geigy Corp.的可作为IRGANOX 1010获得的四[3-(3',5'-二-叔丁基-4'-羟苯基)丙酸亚乙酯]甲烷,和可作为ANTIOXIDANT 2246获得的2-2'-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),和二硫代氨基甲酸酯,比如二硫代丁基氨基甲酸锌。
流变改性剂。可添加流变改性剂以改变组合物的触变特性。适合的流变改性剂包括聚酰胺蜡、火成二氧化硅、流动控制添加剂、反应性稀释剂、防沉剂、α-烯烃、羟基封端硅氧烷-有机共聚物,包括但不限于羟基封端聚氧化丙烯-二甲基硅氧烷共聚物和其组合。
填料。填料可用于赋予强度或降低总成本。本文有用的填料包括三氢氧化铝、氢氧化钙、以商标名出售的可膨胀的微球、炭黑、二氧化钛或镍涂布的玻璃球。
在本主题的某些形式中,填料、流变改性剂和/或颜料存在于胶黏剂中。这些可执行若干功能,比如以期望的方式改变胶黏剂的流变性,从胶黏剂或施加其的基板吸收湿气或油,和/或促进内聚破坏,而不是粘结破坏。这种材料的其他实例包括碳酸钙、氧化钙、滑石、煤焦油、纺织品纤维、玻璃颗粒或纤维、芳纶浆、硼纤维、碳纤维、硅酸盐矿物、云母、粉状石英、膨润土、硅灰石、高岭土、火成二氧化硅、二氧化硅气凝胶或金属粉末比如铝粉末或铁粉末。在这些中,碳酸钙、滑石、氧化钙、火成二氧化硅和硅灰石是尤其有用的,其单独地或以一些组合,由于这些通常促进期望的内聚破坏模式。
除本文所述的各种具体组合物以外,本主题也提供若干另外如下阐释的特定组合物。应当认识到这些是本主题的其他具体组合物的代表性、非限制性实例。
本主题的另外的实施方式包括适当固化的压敏胶黏剂,其包括:(a)50-80wt%的具有250,000-750,000的Mw的丙烯酸基础聚合物,(b)20-40wt%的一种或多种结构稀释剂,(c)0-30wt%的任选的丙烯酸-环氧官能组分,(d)0-0.5wt%的金属螯合物交联剂,和(e)0-2wt%的一种或多种外部催化剂。
本主题的另一种实施方式是由共混物形成的可固化的压敏胶黏剂,其中所述共混物包括(a)高分子量(例如400-600kg/mol)的无规共聚物,其包括(i)丙烯酸烷基酯基础单体;(ii)乙酸乙烯酯;(iii)丙烯酸甲酯;(iv)丙烯酸;和(v)硅烷交联单体;(b)低分子量(例如20-50kg/mol)的无规共聚物,其包括(i)直链丙烯酸烷基酯基础单体,(ii)支链丙烯酸烷基酯基础单体和(iii)环氧官能甲基丙烯酸酯单体;(c)低聚物比如来自Wacker的STPE-30;(d)10-碳羧酸的丙烯酸酯-缩水甘油基酯;(e)阳离子反应性稀释剂,比如三羟甲基丙烷氧杂环丁烷(TMPO);(f)高分子量酸官能丙烯酸稀释剂单体,(其实例是2-丙烯酰氧丙基邻苯二甲酸酯);(g)双酚-A型环氧树脂,其在室温下为半固体;和(h)交联剂和硅烷催化剂比如乙酰丙酮铝。
本主题也提供使用本文所述的液体和组合物用于结合的方法和技术。图2示意性描绘了根据本主题的粘结方法300。在方法300中,如本文所描述的组合物的层或涂层310被施加至感兴趣的基板或膜320。组合物可以用各种技术比如在操作330处一般描述的喷雾或涂覆施加。然后涂布的或以其他方式施加的组合物通过暴露于例如UV辐射呈现粘性,如图2中340所显示。在这种状态下,组合物通常被称为“A-阶段”,并且在某些实施方式中可展现0.17lbs的T-剥离值和0.64lbs的180°剥离。如350所显示的另一材料层比如铜和铝箔的层压物然后与粘性A-阶段组合物310接触。所得的层状组件涉及一个或多个加工站比如激光器图案形成站360,其形成如图2中370描述的有图案的层压物。取决于最终用途要求,可进行另外的加工比如箔带余料(matrix)的去除,比如在操作375处收集废余料380。所得的加工的层压物显示为385。然后加工的层压物385可经历一种或多种另外的加工操作,比如显示为390的热固化。在热固化后,组合物310被称为“B-阶段”,其通常展现与其A-阶段的那些相比的显著更大的T-剥离和180°剥离值。例如,B-阶段的T-剥离值可以是约0.37lbs和180°剥离值可以是约3.6lbs。固化产品可以以辊形式或片形式395收集。
一般而言,在本主题的各种实施方式中,当通过如本文所描述的任何试剂或刺激至少部分地固化组合物时,本文所述的液体或组合物可以呈现粘性或展现通常与压敏胶黏剂相关的特性。在某些形式中,通过将组合物暴露于UV辐射、电子束、热或这些的组合实现第一固化或部分固化。此外,通过暴露于热、包括水或湿气的化学试剂、压力、或其组合,该部分固化的组合物然后可被进一步固化。
本主题组合物可用于各种各样的应用。例如,具体用途的应用可涉及由本文所述的组合物制造的泡沫制品。一种或多种常规的起泡剂可被并入本主题的组合物,进行起泡或膨胀,从而产生泡沫层或物品。组合物可也用于将泡沫制品粘附地结合至其他表面、基板或物件。
更具体而言,本主题可用于结合或以其他方式附着膜与膜、膜与箔、皮圈与箔、皮圈与膜、织物与织物、织物与几乎任何其他材料或基板比如膜、纸、和金属、纸与金属、金属与金属、膜与其他塑料、塑料与塑料、和这些与其他表面、材料和/或基板的组合。本主题可也用于提供对各种表面和基板的化学抗性,例如抗腐蚀。例如,该主题可用于提供化学耐性标签,和溶剂耐性层压物比如溶剂耐性玻璃和箔组件。本主题也可用于形成膜层压物,比如膜与膜层压物。本主题的另一预期的应用是收缩套筒和收缩套筒标签的领域。此外,本主题可广泛应用于两层膜的溶剂焊接。仍另一应用领域涉及组分、并且尤其是金属管比如油和气体管道的腐蚀保护。本主题的组合物和方法可用于提供或增加抗冲击力、结构完整性、和抗腐蚀或暴露于环境因素的保护。这种腐蚀保护的具体和非限制性实例是提供外层、内层、或沿着管的外圆周表面和/或内圆周表面二者。根据本主题的某些组合物的另一显著益处是组合物可经历弯曲、挠曲或其他应力而不裂化。如果例如组合物(一种或多种)被施加至管道,这是期望的。本主题的某些组合物的仍另一预期的应用是形成玻璃纤维结构比如海洋船舶体、某些体育用品和结构部件。本主题的仍另一应用是“卷紧,缩紧”(ROSO)应用。
实施例
实施例1-4
本主题的某些实施方式的适当固化的胶黏剂可被描述为与反应性稀释剂、低聚物和结构组分混合的丙烯酸聚合物。在下述实施例中提供了本主题的另外细节。
实施例1:具有可湿气固化的低聚物(适当固化的胶黏剂)的高性能PSA
实施例1是具有潜在反应性的低聚物(STPE-30)的丙烯酸聚合物。STPE-30低聚物通过硅烷-硅烷缩合反应固化。任选地,基础聚合物还可具有硅烷官能度并且可以与反应性低聚物共反应。
实施例2:具有可UV固化的低聚物(适当固化的胶黏剂)的高性能PSA
实施例2是与反应性稀释剂和结构组分混合的丙烯酸聚合物,其通过UV暴露触发以将胶黏剂从液体转化为固体PSA,并且通过在膜与膜层压期间加热固化至充分强度。
为了将原位湿气固化并入高性能压敏胶黏剂系统,将丙烯酸聚合物、增粘剂和反应性低聚物在溶剂中混合。在如本文所描述应用和暴露于湿度之后,在导致一部分低聚物潜在的反应的条件下,该系统被涂布成带状形式。
实施例3:具有可湿气固化的低聚物(适当固化的胶黏剂,固体组分)的高性能PSA
实施例3的组合物是具有可湿气固化的低聚物(适当固化的胶黏剂)的高性能PSA。为了将原位湿气固化并入高性能压敏胶黏剂系统,将丙烯酸聚合物、增粘剂和反应性低聚物在溶剂中混合或以其他方式组合。在应用和暴露于湿度后,在导致一部分低聚物潜在的反应的条件下,该系统被涂布成带状形式。
表3:实施例3PSA的组成
重量百分数 | 组分 |
54.45% | DEV-8631U(丙烯酸基础聚合物) |
25% | 萜酚类增粘剂(软化点110-120℃) |
20% | 萜酚类增粘剂(软化点110-120℃) |
0.55% | 金属螯合物乙酰基丙酮铝(交联剂&催化剂) |
丙烯酸基础聚合物是高分子量(400-600kg/mol)无规共聚物,其包括(a)烷基丙烯酸酯基础单体;(b)乙酸乙烯酯;(c)丙烯酸甲酯;(d)丙烯酸;和(e)硅烷交联单体。
丙烯酸基础聚合物的实例是DEV8631U,其为具有约518,000g/mol的分子量(Mw)的无规共聚物,其包括下述成分。
表4:实施例3PSA中的丙烯酸基础聚合物(即DEV8631U)
组分 | 重量百分数 |
丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(基础单体) | 57.95 |
乙酸乙烯酯(改性单体) | 25 |
丙烯酸甲酯 | 15 |
丙烯酸(高Tg单体,交联位点) | 3 |
甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(交联单体) | 0.05 |
反应性低聚物是硅烷封端聚醚(低聚物),比如如下显示为式(22)的来自Wacker的STPE-30。STPE-30是硅烷封端聚醚。显示的两个硅烷封端聚丙二醇基于相同的聚醚。其区别在于端基。
交联剂和催化剂是乙酰丙酮铝并且如下显示为式(23):
在图6中描述了粘结方法。参考图6,一般而言,根据本主题的结合方法200如下。在操作210中,如本文所描述的组合物被涂布或以其他方式施加至膜或基板上。这种膜的实例是离型膜。在适合的施加之后,干燥组合物,这通常还包括组合物中至少一部分任何溶剂的去除,如操作220所描绘。干燥的代表性条件包括暴露至80℃持续约5分钟。在操作230中,然后组合物通过暴露于热和/或湿度被适当固化,从而形成高强度胶黏剂240。发生的缩合反应显示如下:
~Si-OCH3+H2O→~Si-O-Si~+CH3OH
图1描绘了实施例3的适当固化的压敏胶黏剂的动态力学分析。
实施例4:可固化为PSA(UV)并在膜与膜层压期间进行B阶段的液体组合物(适当固化的胶黏剂)
在实施例4中,丙烯酸聚合物与反应性加成稀释剂和结构稀释剂混合。
表5:实施例4液体组合物的组成
重量百分数 | 组分 |
15% | ACE单体阶段组分(反应性稀释剂) |
10% | V2100(反应性稀释剂) |
10% | Epon 834(结构组分) |
9% | TMPO氧杂环丁烷(结构组分) |
56% | EB14-04(丙烯酸聚合物) |
反应性稀释剂的实例是ACE单体ACETM丙烯酸羟酯单体,由Momentive PerformanceMaterials,Leverkusen Germany提供,其为丙烯酸与CarduraTM的反应产物。Cardura是VersaticTMAcid 10的缩水甘油基酯,其为包含10个碳原子的高度支化的饱和羧酸。ACE具有结合大体积疏水尾、羟基侧基和丙烯酸酯官能团的独特结构,分子量为约300。ACE具有如下显示为式(24)的结构:
另一种反应物稀释剂——高分子量酸官能丙烯酸稀释剂单体V-2100,其为可获得自纽约San Esters Corporation的2-丙烯酰氧丙基邻苯二甲酸酯,如下显示为式(25):
结构组分是EPONTM树脂834,其为可获得自Momentive Performance Materials的在室温下为半固体的BPA基环氧树脂。使用EPON树脂834的系统可被配制为可用于各种高固体和焦油改性涂层、高强韧胶黏剂、层压材料和预浸成型材料。因为其较高的分子量,EPON树脂834提供与液态级BPA环氧树脂相比增加的系统反应性、表面粘着和固化树脂韧性,但是降低了升高温度性能。EPON树脂834在需要额外的表面粘着、固化速度或韧性的应用中是尤其有用的。
另一种结构组分是阳离子反应性稀释剂,比如三羟甲基丙烷氧杂环丁烷(TMPO)。可形成UV/EB阳离子制剂,并且其主要包括树脂、稀释剂和光敏引发剂,比如作为主要树脂的3,4环氧环己基甲基-3,4环氧环己烷羧酸(如下显示为式(26))和作为反应性稀释剂的TMPO:
丙烯酸组分是低分子量(20-50kg/mol)无规共聚物,其包括(a)直链丙烯酸烷基酯基础单体,(b)支链丙烯酸烷基酯基础单体和(c)环氧官能甲基丙烯酸酯单体。
丙烯酸组分的实例是下述低分子量聚合物EB14-04,其为具有约40,000g/mol的Mw的无规共聚物:
表6:丙烯酸组分的实例,即实施例4液体组合物中的EB14-04
组分 | 重量百分数 |
丙烯酸丁酯(基础单体) | 40 |
丙烯酸叔丁酯 | 40 |
S-100(脂环族环氧官能甲基丙烯酸酯单体) | 30 |
在图6中描述了粘结方法。
实施例5-7
实施例5-7阐释了可用于形成本主题的组分和组合物的聚合方法。
实施例5:组分与拟遥爪的聚合,使用SFRP试剂具有环氧官能度的实施例
如下制备具有位于与聚合物链末端相邻的区段中的活性官能度的丙烯酸共聚物,如下显示为式(27):
在配备加热套、搅拌器、回流冷凝器、进料罐和氮气入口的1500ml反应器进料8.30g来自Arkema Inc的Blocbuilder。单体和溶剂以下述量被添加至进料容器:
22.30g的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯;
64.30g的乙氧基乙氧基丙烯酸乙酯;和
85.30g的乙酸丙酯
反应器中的Blocbuilder和进料容器中的单体和溶剂在室温下用恒定的氮气鼓泡清洗30分钟。在该保持之后,单体和溶剂混合物被进料至反应器以产生与活性聚合物模式相邻的小部分的非反应性区段,以便添加丙烯酸酯基团至Blocbuilder。反应器进料混合物然后被加热至大于70℃(反应器套75℃),并且保持30min。在第二保持之后,反应器进料混合物被冷却至室温(约25℃)。一旦反应器进料达到室温,将13.40g的Synasia Epoxy S-100进料至反应器。在添加该环氧树脂之后,反应器被密封,并且在室温下用恒定的氮气鼓泡清洗另外30分钟。在30分钟鼓泡之后,反应器混合物被加热至100℃。当反应器混合物被加热至100℃时,579.10g的乙氧基乙氧基丙烯酸乙酯和201.10g的丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯被进料至进料容器,并且用恒定的氮气鼓泡清洗。当反应器混合物达到100℃时,时间设置为零(T=0)。在T=15分钟处,取样用于气相色谱分析以检查单体转化。在单体转化被确认时(约30分钟,T=45),反应器混合物在回流下保持在110℃和117℃之间的温度下,直到转化的环氧树脂>90%(约70%的2-EHA和EOEOEA转化)。在该转化处,具有活性氮气清洗的试剂进料混合物在180分钟期间被添加至反应器。在试剂进料期间,反应的温度在回流下保持在110-118℃。在试剂进料完成之后,维持反应条件直到实现80%的2-EHA和EOEOEA的转化。这是为了产生与功能末端区段相邻的非反应性区段的剩余部分。在该转化处,13.40g的SynasiaEpoxy S-100和13.40g的乙酸丙酯被快速进料至反应器(约2min.)以产生最终功能末端区段。维持反应条件直到实现大于98%的2-EHA和EOEOEA的转化。所得溶液聚合物然后冷却至环境温度并且从反应器排出。聚合物总的理论Mn是41,000g/mol。每个非反应性的中间区段是32,000g/mol和功能末端区段是4,500g/mol。
测量的总的丙烯酸聚合物的分子量(Mn)是20,043g/mol(通过相对于聚苯乙烯标准的凝胶渗透色谱测定)和多分散性是3.02。所以计算的Mw是60,530g/摩尔。
实施例6:与单个功能末端区段(蝌蚪)的聚合,使用SFRP试剂具有醇官能度的实施例
如下制备具有位于与聚合物链末端相邻的区段中的活性官能度的丙烯酸共聚物,显示为(28):
在配备加热套、搅拌器、回流冷凝器、进料罐和氮气入口的1500ml反应器进料11.41g的Blocbuilder。单体和溶剂以下述量被添加至进料容器:
105.93g的丙烯酸正丁酯;
26.48g的丙烯酸叔丁酯;和
17.26g的丙烯酸4-羟丙酯
反应器中的Blocbuilder和进料容器中的单体和溶剂在室温下用恒定的氮气鼓泡清洗30分钟。在该保持之后,单体和溶剂混合物被进料至反应器以产生与活性聚合物模式相邻的小部分的反应性区段,以便添加丙烯酸酯基团至Blocbuilder。反应器进料混合物然后被加热至大于70℃(反应器套75℃),并且保持30min。在第二保持之后,反应器混合物被加热至100℃。当反应器混合物加热至100℃时,1071.14g的丙烯酸丁酯和267.78g的叔丁基丙烯酸酯被进料至进料容器,并且用恒定的氮气鼓泡清洗。当反应器混合物达到100℃时,计时器设置为零(T=0),并且保持在100和105℃之间。在T=15分钟处,取样用于气相色谱分析以检查单体转化。在单体转化被确认时(约30分钟,T=45),反应器混合物保持在100℃和105℃的温度下,直到转化的丙烯酸丁酯>80%。在该转化处,具有活性氮气清洗的试剂进料混合物在180分钟期间内被添加至反应器。在试剂进料期间,反应的温度保持在100-105℃之间。在完成试剂进料之后,维持反应条件直到实现大于98%的丙烯酸丁酯的转化。所得聚合物被然后冷却至环境温度并且从反应器排出。聚合物总的理论Mn是50,000g/mol。每个非反应性区段是45,000g/mol和功能末端区段是5,000g/mol。
测量的总的丙烯酸聚合物的分子量(Mn)是53,591g/mol(通过相对于聚苯乙烯标准的凝胶渗透色谱测定)和多分散性是1.51。所以计算的Mw是80,922。
实施例7:具有醇官能度的无规官能分布实施例
如下制备具有随机位于整个聚合物链的活性官能度的丙烯酸共聚物,如下通常显示为(29):
在配备加热套、搅拌器、回流冷凝器、进料罐和氮气入口的1500ml反应器进料139.37g的甲苯。单体以下述量被添加至进料容器:
83.16g的丙烯酸2-乙基己酯;
239.51g的乙氧基乙氧基丙烯酸乙酯;和
9.98g的丙烯酸4-羟丙酯
溶剂和引发剂以下述量被添加至第二进料容器:
3.33g的过氧化十二烷酰;和
30.00g的甲苯
反应器中的甲苯、进料容器中的引发剂混合物和单体在室温下用恒定的氮气鼓泡清洗30分钟。在该保持之后,反应器中的甲苯被加热至105℃,其中有少量回流离开冷凝器。在该点,单体和引发剂混合物在90分钟内被进料至反应器。在试剂和引发剂进料期间,反应器混合物在回流下保持在105℃和116℃之间的温度下。在试剂和引发剂进料完成之后,维持反应条件60分钟。在60分钟保持期间,在进料容器中制备爆燃(cook-off)催化剂进料。爆燃催化剂进料由24.28g的甲苯和0.37g的过氧化新戊酸特戊酯组成。爆燃催化剂在恒定的氮气清洗下鼓泡15分钟。在60分钟保持之后,爆燃催化剂在30分钟内被进料至反应器。一旦爆燃催化剂进料被耗尽,维持反应>110℃持续60分钟。所得的溶液聚合物然后被冷却至环境温度并且从反应器排出。
测量的总的丙烯酸聚合物的分子量(Mn)是13,301g/mol(通过相对于聚苯乙烯标准的凝胶渗透色谱测定)和多分散性是2.76。所以计算的Mw是36,711。
实施例8-39
实施例8-33基于与反应性稀释剂和结构组分混合的丙烯酸聚合物,其通过UV暴露触发以将胶黏剂从液体转化为固体PSA,并且通过加热固化至充分强度(结构)。
在表7中阐释了实施例8-33。
表7:胶黏剂组合物的实施例8-33
在表7中,IR指抗冲击力,根据ASTM-G14-04(2010)测定。滚球粘性根据ASTM-D3121-06测定。
实施例34-36阐释了本主题的另外胶黏剂组合物的搭接剪切和滚球粘性测量。
实施例34是与结构组分混合的丙烯酸聚合物,并且经温和加热干燥为PSA,并且然后通过较高的热触发完全固化来产生两个基板之间的结构结合。
实施例35是与反应性低聚物和结构组分二者混合的丙烯酸聚合物,并且经温和加热干燥为PSA,并且然后通过较高的热触发完全固化来产生两个基板之间的结构结合。
实施例36是与反应性稀释剂和结构组分混合的丙烯酸聚合物,其通过低热暴露触发以将胶黏剂从液体转化为PSA,并且通过较高的热固化至充分强度(结构性)。
实施例34:AS-2549丙烯酸PSA与AAA交联,并且与Synasia S-21环氧树脂混合,并且在90℃下温和地干燥10min以浇铸无溶剂PSA膜。用于环氧树脂的热固化的引发剂大多在小于不活跃的温度95℃。在干燥膜以产生PSA胶带之后,可施加该胶带至期望待粘合的给定基板。一旦施加了该胶带,施加另外的热以引发胶黏剂转化至充分强度。结构结合在140℃下形成,持续15分钟。实施例34的搭接剪切测试的描述显示在图3中。该程序如下:
实施例34的搭接剪切数据(Al与Al)呈现在表8中。
表8:搭接剪切数据
如下测定搭接剪切。ASTM D-1002标准测试方法,其用于通过拉伸负荷的单个搭接连接粘性结合金属样本的表观剪切强度(金属与金属)(参考)。胶黏剂厚度是0.0024英寸+/-0.0006英寸。负荷是1英寸/分钟。测量峰值负荷。
实施例35:AS-2549丙烯酸PSA与AAA交联,并且与Synasia S-21环氧树脂和KH4-67混合,并且在90℃下温和地干燥10min以浇铸无溶剂PSA膜。用于环氧树脂的热固化的引发剂在小于95℃的温度大多是不活跃的。在干燥膜以产生PSA胶带之后,可施加该胶带至期望待粘合的基板。一旦施加了该胶带,施加另外的热以引发胶黏剂来转化至充分强度。结构结合在140℃下形成,持续15分钟。图4描绘了实施例35中搭接剪切测试的程序。
实施例35的搭接剪切数据(Al与Al)呈现在表9中。
表9:搭接剪切数据
实施例36:KH4-105丙烯酸低聚物与EPON 828环氧树脂、TMPO和Siloquest A-187混合。它在110℃下温和地固化7min以浇铸PSA膜。用于环氧树脂的热固化的引发剂在小于110℃的温度下非常缓慢。在干燥膜以产生PSA胶带之后,可施加该胶带至期望待粘合的基板。一旦施加了该胶带,施加另外的热以引发胶黏剂转化至充分强度。结构结合在140℃下形成,持续15分钟。
实施例36的搭接剪切数据(Al与Al)呈现在表10中。
表10:实施例36的滚球粘性数据
实施例37:根据本主题的液体被施加至基板并且随后通过暴露于光化辐射适当固化。在图5中描述了图解。具体而言,图5示意性描绘了施加液体或其他组合物至膜、标签和/或容器上,并且暴露于光化辐射,从而适当固化液体或组合物。提供了如本文所描述的具有液体或组合物20涂布的区域、面或表面的膜或标签10的来源。在某些实施方式中,可提供黏着的胶黏剂的一个或多个区域25或条带30以帮助最初地固定膜或标签至感兴趣的容器40。在适合的施加膜或标签至容器之前、期间和/或之后,将光化辐射50引至涂层,从而粘附和/或固化涂层,并且产生标记的容器45。这通常在图5中表示为操作A。在初始施加膜或标签之后,可进行热的清除和/或施加。在操作(一种或多种)A之前、期间和/或之后可进行另外的操作。图5也示意性图解了其中多个容器140接收膜或标签的连续过程100,其在封闭件150内暴露于光化辐射从而产生多个标记的容器145。
下述表11包括代表本主题的实施方式的示例性制剂。该制剂包括如下阐释的稠化组分、自由基加成稀释剂、结构稀释剂和光敏引发剂和添加剂(即1010)。
表11:胶黏剂组合物的示例性实施方式
下述表12显示了表11中某些制剂的选择的性能数据。
表12:表11中制剂的选择的性能数据
实施例38:在下述表13和14中阐释了根据本主题的两种另外的胶黏剂组合物。
表13:胶黏剂组合物EXP-MW2-070-A
表14:胶黏剂组合物EXP-MW2-070-B
实施例39:在下述表15和16中阐释了根据本主题的若干另外的组合物。这些组合物的具体应用是“卷紧、缩紧”(ROSO)标记或相关技术。
表15:卷紧、缩紧组合物
表16:卷紧、缩紧组合物
从该技术的将来应用和发展,许多其他益处将无疑变得显而易见。
本文提及的所有专利、出版的申请和文章此处通过引用以它们的整体被并入。
本主题包括本文所述的各种组合物的组分和方面的组合。因此,例如,本主题包括一种实施方式的一种或多种组分和/或特征与其他实施方式(一种或多种)的一种或多种其他组分和/或特征结合。
如本文以上所描述,本主题解决了与之前的策略、系统和/或设备相关的许多问题。但是,应认识到,本领域技术人员可以对已经在本文描述和阐释以解释本主题本质的细节、材料和组分的布置进行各种改变,而不背离要求保护的主题的原则和范围,如所附权利要求中所表达。
Claims (19)
1.一种适当固化的液体,其包括:
5-50wt%的稠化组分,其包括具有5,000至1,000,000的分子量(Mw)的预聚合的丙烯酸骨架基础共聚物;
5-80wt%的至少一种结构稀释剂;
0.01-10wt%的固化剂;和
0-10wt%的稳定剂/加工助剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述结构稀释剂选自:S-21、S-28、A-186、A-187、EP-10、Desmolux D100、Desmolux D200、Desmodur N3200、Desmodur N100、Desmodur N3300、具有小于5,000道尔顿的分子量(Mw)的PPO低聚物、三羟甲基丙烷氧杂环丁烷TMPO、具有小于5,000道尔顿的分子量(Mw)的PEO低聚物、2EH氧杂环丁烷、双官能氧杂环丁烷、以下式(6)的二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯TPGDA、其中n+m=3的以下式(7)的乙氧基化双酚A二丙烯酸酯、以下式(8)的乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、以下式(9)的双酚A二缩水甘油醚二丙烯酸酯、酐、丁内酯、戊内酯、己内酯、甲基-丁内酯、内酰胺、环醚、硅氧烷、唑啉和双马来酰亚胺;
和
以下式(10)-(12)的内酯:
其中n是4或5,h、i、k和m独立地为1或2,并且每个R独立地选自H或包含至多12个碳原子的烃基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述环醚是1,2-环醚、1,3-环醚或1,4-环醚。
4.根据权利要求2所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述环醚选自Epon 828、Epon 834、2EH氧杂环丁烷和双官能氧杂环丁烷。
5.根据权利要求2所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述式(10)-(12)的内酯选自戊内酯和己内酯。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述固化剂选自热催化剂、碱催化剂和光敏引发剂。
7.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述固化剂是UV光敏引发剂。
8.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述固化剂是热催化剂。
9.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述固化剂通过辐射、热、湿气、压力、超声、暴露于化学试剂和其组合的至少一种可被活化。
10.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述预聚合的丙烯酸骨架基础聚合物具有15,000至250,000的Mw。
11.根据权利要求10所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述预聚合的丙烯酸骨架基础共聚物具有15,000至100,000的Mw。
12.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述预聚合的丙烯酸骨架基础共聚物具有25,000至100,000的Mw。
13.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述预聚合的丙烯酸骨架基础共聚物包括丙烯酸嵌段聚合物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述丙烯酸嵌段聚合物包括两个反应性功能末端区段和一个非反应性中间区段。
15.根据权利要求14所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述非反应性区段是与所述反应性区段的反应性官能团非反应性的。
16.根据权利要求14所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述反应性区段包括所述非反应性区段的一个或多个单体。
17.根据权利要求13所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述丙烯酸嵌段聚合物包括一个反应性功能末端区段和一个非反应性中间区段。
18.根据权利要求17所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述非反应性区段是与所述反应性区段的反应性官能团非反应性的。
19.根据权利要求17所述的适当固化的液体,其中所述反应性区段包括所述非反应性区段的一个或多个单体。
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AU (9) | AU2013329251A1 (zh) |
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