CN114853969A - 一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,其具有热固化的环氧基团和可光固化的丙烯酰氧基基团,制备过程包括:由丙烯酸酯缩水甘油酯对氯化聚丙烯树脂进行接枝改性,引入环氧基团;将不饱和羧基单体和环氧基团进行开环反应,保留一部分环氧基的同时,引入丙烯酰氧基基团和羟基;最后加入含异氰酸酯基的聚氨酯预聚体,通过氨酯化反应,进一步提高光固化基团含量。本发明的光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂对聚丙烯塑料附着力好,硬度高,可采用光和热两种固化方式固化,固化速度快、硬度高,对于异型材和光不易照射的表面也能达到良好的固化效果,同时具有良好的溶解性和相容性,可作为聚丙烯塑料用光固化涂料的主体树脂,具有广阔的市场应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光固化树脂技术领域,具体地,涉及一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
光固化树脂作为光固化涂料的主要组成部分,添加活性单体、光引发剂和助剂等辅助成分后,在紫外光辐射下,能够快速交联固化成膜,固化速度快,生产效率高,具有高效、节能、经济等特点,是目前合成树脂领域重点研究一大热点。但光固化有个弊端,对于异型材或者紫外光不易照射的地方,涂层往往固化不良,导致涂层性能达不到要求,从而影响光固化树脂的应用范围,而光热双重固化技术可以有效解决上述问题。
聚丙烯(PP)塑料是一种半结晶的热塑性塑料,具有较高的耐冲击性,机械性质强韧,抗多种有机溶剂和酸碱腐蚀,是日常常见的高分子材料之一,产量大,用途广,广泛应用于汽车零部件、家用电器、小商品、高级玩具等许多方面。为了使其制品在外观上达到更好的装饰效果,需要进行表面涂饰,而聚丙烯(PP)塑料的极性低、表面能低,一般涂料对PP 塑料的附着力非常差,需要在涂装前进行特殊的表面前处理。如:火焰法、电晕、腐蚀等方法,但以上方法都是复杂繁琐的,因设备昂贵,中小企又难承受加之操作不便使得在实用上受到相当的限制。为了减少工序,目前的做法是将PP处理剂喷于PP底材上,然后再涂刷或喷涂其它油漆。但是这种方法施工后的PP件要在室内空干后或者烘烤后再喷涂油漆,导致施工效率较低。
因此急需解决开发不需要前处理,直接应用于聚丙烯塑料制品的光热双重固化树脂,但目前有关此类树脂的研究还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,可应用于聚丙烯塑料用光固化涂料,不需要对PP塑料进行表面前处理,可直接涂装,同时树脂含有光固化和热固化基团,能够进行光热双重固化,对于异型材或者紫外光不易照射的制品表面,也能达到良好的固化效果。本发明制备的光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂对聚丙烯塑料附着力好,硬度高,可作为聚丙烯塑料用光固化涂料的主体树脂,具有广阔的市场应用前景。
本发明的发明目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,包括以下按重量份计算的组分:
所述催化剂A为环氧开环反应催化剂;所述催化剂B为氨酯化反应催化剂。以上两种催化剂的种类,在提供了本申请组合物及反应原理后,可以常规进行选择。
优选地,所述的氯化聚丙烯中氯含量为20~60%。
优选地,所述的引发剂采用以下一种或多种:过氧化环己酮、过氧化二苯甲酰、叔丁基过氧化氢、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈。
更优选地,所述的催化剂A采用以下一种或多种:四甲基氯化铵、三苯基磷、三乙胺。
更优选地,所述的催化剂B采用以下一种或多种:二月桂酸二丁基锡、有机铋催化剂。其中,有机铋催化剂可以为异辛酸铋、月桂酸铋、新癸酸铋中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述的不饱和羧基单体采用以下一种或多种:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、苯丙烯酸、丁烯酸、富马酸、山梨酸、马来酸。
优选地,所述的阻聚剂采用以下一种或多种:对甲氧基苯酚、叔丁基对苯二酚、对甲氧基苯二酚、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氮氧自由基。
优选地,所述的溶剂采用以下一种或多种:甲苯、二甲苯。
优选地,所述的二异氰酸酯采用以下一种或多种:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯。
优选地,所述的丙烯酸羟基酯类单体采用以下一种或多种:甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯。
本发明同时提供所述光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.按照组分配比,将催化剂B、阻聚剂和二异氰酸酯混合,缓慢升温至40~60℃,再滴加丙烯酸羟基酯类单体,滴加完成后反应2~4h,通过二正丁胺法测定NCO含量,当异氰酸酯基含量达到理论时,得到端基含有端NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体;
S2.按照组分配比,加入氯化聚丙烯和溶剂,升温至80~130℃,滴加(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和引发剂的混合液,滴加完成后反应3~5h,当双键含量小于0.1wt%时,缓慢加入不饱和羧基单体、阻聚剂和催化剂A的混合液,滴加完毕后保温2~4小时,当酸值小于5mgKOH/g 时,降温至50~70℃加入步骤S1的端基含有端NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体,反应2~4小时,当NCO含量小于0.2wt%时,停止反应,得到光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂的制备方法,原材料易得,过程可控,树脂含有环氧基和大量的丙烯酰氧基,可光热双重固化,溶解性和相容性好,对PP塑料附着力佳,固化速度快,交联密度高,硬度高,具有广阔的市场前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定,但凡采用等同替换或等效变换的形式所获得的技术方案,均应包括在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。除非另有说明,本发明实施例采用的原料试剂为常规市购的原料试剂。
以下实施例所述的份数均为质量份,质量份以克计。甲苯二异氰酸酯的型号是TDI-100 (含2,4-TDI100%)
实施例1
一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入0.04份二月桂酸二丁基锡、0.05份对甲氧基苯酚和22.5份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,缓慢升温至45℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加13.5份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,滴加完成后反应2~4h,通过二正丁胺法测定NCO含量,当异氰酸酯基(NCO)含量达到16wt%时,得到端基含有端 NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体(PUA-NCO),降温取出备用;
S2.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入30份氯化聚丙烯和30份甲苯,升温至100℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加30份(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和1份过氧化二苯甲酰的混合液,滴加完成后反应3~5h,当双键含量小于 0.1wt%时,缓慢加入7.5份丙烯酸和0.5份三苯基膦的混合液,滴加完毕后保温2~4小时,当酸值小于5mgKOH/g时,降温至55℃加入PUA-NCO,反应2~4小时,当NCO含量小于0.2wt%时,停止反应,得到光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂。
实施例2
一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入0.06份二月桂酸二丁基锡、0.06份对甲氧基苯酚和22.5份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,缓慢升温至55℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加50份季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,滴加完成后反应2~4h,通过二正丁胺法测定NCO含量,当异氰酸酯基(NCO)含量达到6wt%时,得到端基含有端 NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体(PUA-NCO),降温取出备用;
S2.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入30份氯化聚丙烯和30份二甲苯,升温至100℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加30份(甲基) 丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和1份过氧化二苯甲酰的混合液,滴加完成后反应3~5h,当双键含量小于 0.1wt%时,缓慢加入7.5份丙烯酸和0.5份三苯基膦的混合液,滴加完毕后保温2~4小时,当酸值小于5mgKOH/g时,降温至55℃加入PUA-NCO,反应2~4小时,当NCO含量小于0.2wt%时,停止反应,得到光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂。
实施例3
一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入0.1份二月桂酸二丁基锡、0.1份对甲氧基苯酚和30份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,缓慢升温至45℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加18份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,滴加完成后反应2~4h,通过二正丁胺法测定NCO含量,当异氰酸酯基(NCO)含量达到16wt%时,得到端基含有端NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体(PUA-NCO),降温取出备用;
S2.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入30份氯化聚丙烯、15份甲苯和15份二甲苯,升温至100℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加 30份(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和1份过氧化二苯甲酰的混合液,滴加完成后反应3~5h,当双键含量小于0.1wt%时,缓慢加入12份丁烯酸和0.8份三苯基膦的混合液,滴加完毕后保温 2~4小时,当酸值小于5mgKOH/g时,降温至55℃加入PUA-NCO,反应2~4小时,当NCO含量小于0.2wt%时,停止反应,得到光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂。
实施例4
一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入0.08份异辛酸铋、0.05份2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氮氧自由基和17.5份甲苯二异氰酸酯,缓慢升温至45℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加13.5份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,滴加完成后反应2~4h,通过二正丁胺法测定NCO含量,当异氰酸酯基(NCO)含量达到14wt%时,得到端基含有端NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体(PUA-NCO),降温取出备用;
S2.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入40份氯化聚丙烯和40份二甲苯,升温至100℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加30份(甲基) 丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和1份过氧化二苯甲酰的混合液,滴加完成后反应3~5h,当双键含量小于 0.1wt%时,缓慢加入7.5份丙烯酸和0.5份四甲基氯化铵的混合液,滴加完毕后保温2~4小时,当酸值小于5mgKOH/g时,降温至55℃加入PUA-NCO,反应2~4小时,当NCO含量小于 0.2wt%时,停止反应,得到光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂。
实施例5
一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入0.08份月桂酸铋、0.05份2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氮氧自由基和30份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,缓慢升温至45℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加18份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,滴加完成后反应 2~4h,通过二正丁胺法测定NCO含量,当异氰酸酯基(NCO)含量达到16wt%时,得到端基含有端NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体(PUA-NCO),降温取出备用;
S2.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入30份氯化聚丙烯和30份甲苯,升温至100℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加40份(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和1.5份过氧化二苯甲酰的混合液,滴加完成后反应3~5h,当双键含量小于0.1wt%时,缓慢加入10份丙烯酸和0.8份三苯基膦的混合液,滴加完毕后保温2~4小时,当酸值小于5mgKOH/g时,降温至55℃加入PUA-NCO,反应2~4小时,当NCO含量小于0.2wt%时,停止反应,得到光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂。
实施例6
一种光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入0.08份新癸酸铋、0.05份2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氮氧自由基和30份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,缓慢升温至45℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加18份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,滴加完成后反应 2~4h,通过二正丁胺法测定NCO含量,当异氰酸酯基(NCO)含量达到16wt%时,得到端基含有端NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体(PUA-NCO),降温取出备用;
S2.在油浴恒温器上装上四口烧瓶、机械搅拌器、滴液漏斗和回流冷凝器,在四口烧瓶中加入30份氯化聚丙烯和30份二甲苯,升温至80℃,一边搅拌一边缓慢滴加40份(甲基) 丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和1.5份偶氮二异丁腈的混合液,滴加完成后反应3~5h,当双键含量小于 0.1wt%时,缓慢加入10份丙烯酸和0.8份三苯基膦的混合液,滴加完毕后保温2~4小时,当酸值小于5mgKOH/g时,降温至55℃加入PUA-NCO,反应2~4小时,当NCO含量小于0.2wt%时,停止反应,得到光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂。
对比例1
与实施例1的制备过程一致,区别是甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的用量不同,对比例1甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的用量为10份,其他组分用量与实施例1一样。
对比例2
与实施例1的制备过程一致,区别是丙烯酸的用量不同,对比例2丙烯酸的用量为3份,其他组分用量与实施例1一样。
对比例3
与实施例1的制备过程一致,区别是丙烯酸的用量不同,对比例2丙烯酸的用量为16份,其他组分用量与实施例1一样。
对比例4~6
对比例4~6分别选择市场上有代表性的三种不同类型的光固化树脂:中国台湾长兴 Etercure6145-100六官能团聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、广州五行G526改性环氧丙烯酸树脂、日本三井化学OLESTER RA3091丙烯酸树脂。
将实施例1~6树脂、对比例1~6分别按照相同的配方加入3%的光引发剂184、3%光引发剂ITX、3%助引发剂N,N-二甲基苯甲酸乙酯(EDAB)和40%的乙酸丁酯,搅拌均匀后,喷涂在PP塑料板上,放入烘箱50℃下烘烤2分钟,然后进行紫外光照射,分别测试漆膜性能,测试结果分别见表1和表2:
表1实施例1~6检测结果
异型材*:表面有凹槽、孔洞或超过90°的斜面等等形状的制品。
表2对比例1~6检测结果
异型材*:表面有凹槽、孔洞或超过90°的斜面等等形状的制品。
根据实施例1和对比例1可知,本发明要严格控制甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)的用量,用量较少时,接枝率降低,导致氯化聚丙烯树脂上的活性基团相对减少,从而影响树脂的相容性,树脂浑浊,同时性能也满足不了要求,硬度低且固化效果差。根据实施例1与对比例2和3可知,不饱和羧基单体一方面通过环氧开环反应,保留部分环氧基的同时引入光固化基团和羟基,进而利用羟基进行聚氨酯改性,进一步提高树脂的官能度,不饱和羧基单体用量较少时,光固化基团和官能度降低,大大影响树脂的固化速率和硬度;不饱和羧基单体用量过量时,可热固化的环氧基团被绝大部分消耗掉,严重影响了热固化效果。因此,本发明要严格控制甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和不饱和羧基单体的用量,使得热固化和光固化都能达到有效的固化效果,同时满足对树脂性能的要求。
根据实施例和对比例4~6的测试结果可明显的得知,本发明所述的光热双重固化改性聚丙烯酸酯树脂对PP塑料具有极佳的附着力,主要是由于树脂具有和聚丙烯塑料相似的分子结构,充分润湿PP塑料基材表面并提升分子间作用力,而目前市场上的光固化树脂不具备这种结构,对PP塑料的附着力差,需要对PP塑料进行前处理等;通过实施例和对比例的测试结果可知,本发明所述的光热双重固化改性聚丙烯酸酯树脂分子结构含有环氧基和丙烯酰氧基等多种活性基团,能够进行光热双重固化,并在异型材表面产生较好的固化效果。本发明所述的光热双重固化改性聚丙烯酸酯树脂在制备过程中通过与端基含有NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚物进行氨酯化反应,进一步提高了树脂中丙烯酰氧基光固化基团的含量,从而大大提高了固化速度和交联密度,使得树脂具有较高的硬度。
本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为了清楚地说明本发明技术方案的所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的具体实施方式的限定。凡在本发明权利要求书的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,其特征在于,所述氯化聚丙烯的氯含量为20~60%。
3.根据权利要求1光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,其特征在于,所述引发剂采用以下一种或多种:过氧化环己酮、过氧化二苯甲酰、叔丁基过氧化氢、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈。
4.根据权利要求1所述光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,其特征在于,所述催化剂A采用以下一种或多种:四甲基氯化铵、三苯基磷、三乙胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,其特征在于,所述不饱和羧基单体采用以下一种或多种:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、苯丙烯酸、丁烯酸、富马酸、山梨酸、马来酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,其特征在于,所述阻聚剂采用以下一种或多种:对甲氧基苯酚、叔丁基对苯二酚、对甲氧基苯二酚、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氮氧自由基;所述溶剂采用以下一种或多种:甲苯、二甲苯。
7.根据权利要求1所述光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,其特征在于,所述二异氰酸酯采用以下一种或多种:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯。
8.根据权利要求1所述光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,其特征在于,所述丙烯酸羟基酯类单体采用以下一种或多种:甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂,其特征在于,所述催化剂B采用以下一种或多种:二月桂酸二丁基锡、有机铋催化剂。
10.一种权利要求1-9任一所述的光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.按照组分配比,将催化剂B、阻聚剂和二异氰酸酯混合,缓慢升温至40~60℃,再滴加丙烯酸羟基酯类单体,滴加完成后反应2~4h,通过二正丁胺法测定NCO含量,当异氰酸酯基含量达到理论时,得到端基含有端NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体;
S2.按照组分配比,加入氯化聚丙烯和溶剂,升温至80~130℃,滴加(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和引发剂的混合液,滴加完成后反应3~5h,当双键含量小于0.1wt%时,缓慢加入不饱和羧基单体、阻聚剂和催化剂A的混合液,滴加完毕后保温2~4小时,当酸值小于5mgKOH/g时,降温至50~70℃加入步骤S1的端基含有端NCO的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体,反应2~4小时,当NCO含量小于0.2wt%时,停止反应,得到光热双重固化改性聚丙烯树脂。
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