CN107813861B - 缆线转向式转向系统的中间轴组件 - Google Patents

缆线转向式转向系统的中间轴组件 Download PDF

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CN107813861B
CN107813861B CN201710877906.5A CN201710877906A CN107813861B CN 107813861 B CN107813861 B CN 107813861B CN 201710877906 A CN201710877906 A CN 201710877906A CN 107813861 B CN107813861 B CN 107813861B
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shaft
steering
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CN107813861A (zh
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J·F·舒尔茨
R·K·里非
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Steering Solutions IP Holding Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • B62D1/20—Connecting steering column to steering gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/001—Mechanical components or aspects of steer-by-wire systems, not otherwise provided for in this maingroup
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/001—Mechanical components or aspects of steer-by-wire systems, not otherwise provided for in this maingroup
    • B62D5/003—Backup systems, e.g. for manual steering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/10—Couplings with means for varying the angular relationship of two coaxial shafts during motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/06—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)

Abstract

一种缆线转向式转向系统包括方向盘。还包括转向轴，其可操作地联接到方向盘并可随其旋转。还包括转向齿轮输入轴，其可操作地联接到电力辅助转向齿轮。还包括电力致动器，其可操作地联接到电力辅助转向齿轮。还包括控制器，其与转向轴和电致动器可操作地连通以便在主模式中转向。还包括中间轴组件，当转向轴和转向齿轮输入轴之间的连通不可用时，该中间轴组件将转向轴机械联接到齿条和齿轮组件以便在冗余模式下转向。

Description

缆线转向式转向系统的中间轴组件
技术领域
本文所述的实施例涉及车辆转向系统，更具体地，涉及一种用于缆线转向式转向系统的中间轴组件。
背景技术
传统上，缆线转向式车辆系统在方向盘(和转向轴)与位于车辆电力辅助转向齿轮上的转向致动器之间不具有机械连接。在电力失效的情况下，则驾驶员不能提供车辆的方向控制。先前的成就包括以重新连接传统的中间轴的离合器为特征的冗余紧急转向系统，以提供机械转向连接。
发明内容
根据本公开的一个方案，缆线转向式转向系统包括方向盘。还包括转向轴，其可操作地联接到方向盘并可随其旋转。还包括转向齿轮输入轴，其可操作地联接到电力辅助转向齿轮。还包括电力致动器，其可操作地联接到电力辅助转向齿轮。还包括控制器，其与转向轴和电致动器可操作地连通，以便在主模式中转向。还包括中间轴组件，当转向轴和转向齿轮输入轴之间的连通不可用时，该中间轴组件将转向轴机械地联接到齿条和齿轮组件以便在冗余模式下转向。
根据本公开的另一方案，缆线转向式转向系统的中间轴组件包括外轴，其可操作地联接到第一接头。还包括内轴，其可操作地联接到第二接头，内轴的一部分设置在外轴的内部中，以形成内轴和外轴的重叠区域，内轴和外轴将转向轴机械地联接到转向齿轮输入轴。还包括第一组多个花键，其设置在外轴的内表面上。还包括第二组多个花键，其设置在内轴的外表面上，第一组多个花键和第二组多个花键在其间具有间隙，在转向轴与转向齿轮输入轴之间的连通不可用时，第一组多个花键和第二组多个花键可接合。
附图说明
本发明的主题及相关技术方案在随附权利要求书中被特别陈述并明确地要求保护。从以下结合附图的详细描述中，可以显现本发明的前述和其它特征以及优点，在附图中：
图1是车辆缆线转向式转向系统的立体图；以及
图2是转向系统的一部分的放大的立体局部剖视图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图，在附图中本发明将参照具体实施例来描述，但不限于这些具体实施例，图1描绘了车辆转向系统10。具体地，车辆转向系统10是缆线转向式系统，其采用与车辆配合的控制系统和伺服机构，使得车辆可以被转向而不机械连接到方向盘。
在本文公开的一些实施例中，缆线转向式系统10是自主驾驶辅助转向(ADAS)系统的一部分，其能够转向以及控制车辆的其它参数以在没有驾驶员直接参与的情况下操作车辆。自主或半自主驾驶指的是被构造为在没有来自驾驶员的连续输入(例如，转向、加速、制动等)时执行操作的车辆，且可装备有允许车辆由传感、转向和/或制动技术自动或半自动控制的技术。
缆线转向式转向系统10包括可操作地联接到转向轴14的方向盘12。至少一个传感器16检测转向轴14的角位置，并因此检测方向盘12且与控制器18操作连通。控制器18还与多个其它电气部件操作连通。例如，控制器18与转矩和旋转传感器20连通，该转矩和旋转传感器20检测使齿条和(小)齿轮组件(pinion assembly)24致动的转向齿轮输入轴22的转矩和转动。齿条和齿轮组件24操纵车辆的车轮26以旋转地引导车辆。控制器18还与驱动器28连通，驱动器28与帮助使用者转向车辆的电力辅助转向系统32的电机30相互作用。
缆线转向控制系统10的上述部件之间的可操作连通可由有线或无线连接形成。在主转向模式中，严格依赖缆线转向式系统10的部件之间的电气操作连通，以便确保转向轴14与转向齿轮输入轴22的同步旋转。此外，这样的连接被需要以便借助电力辅助转向系统32来维持对驱动器的转向反馈。这通过联接到转向轴14并与控制器18可操作地连通的反馈致动器34来促进。控制器18还可例如从一个或多个检测部件36接收涉及车辆动力学的附加数据(诸如车辆速度和偏航率)。
在转向轴14与转向齿轮输入轴22之间的电气连通不可用的情况下，主转向模式的能力变小或无法使用。在这种情况下，本文所描述的实施例连续地提供转向轴14与转向齿轮输入轴22之间的机械联动，以确保冗余转向模式在转向的所有时间中都可用。
转向轴14的端部处设有诸如万向接头的第一接头40，用于联接到中间轴42的第一端。在中间轴42的第二端处，中间轴42可操作地联接到诸如万向接头的第二接头44。第二接头44设置在转向齿轮输入轴22的端部附近。因此，转向轴14和转向齿轮输入轴22与中间轴42机械地联接。
参照图2，更详细地示出了中间轴42的一部分。中间轴42包括联接到第一接头40的外轴46，使得外轴46始终与方向盘12和转向轴14一起旋转。中间轴42还包括联接到第二接头44的内轴48。外轴46的一部分和内轴48以重叠的方式设置，以形成中间轴42的重叠区域50。特别地，内轴48的一部分设置在外轴46的一部分内。
多个轴承54设置在内轴48与外轴46之间的重叠区域50内，以确保旋转或转矩不传递到转向柱的其余部分。具体地，在缆线转向式系统10的主驱动模式期间，外轴46的旋转不会传给内轴48的旋转，这是由于在缆线转向操作期间不会需要或期望机械联动。此外，轴承54保持内轴48和外轴46的中心性(向心性)。
如上所述，借助由中间轴42提供的转向柱的机械联接，冗余转向模式始终可用。内轴48的外表面和外轴46的内表面各自包括在重叠区域50内的相应的花键52。外轴和内轴的花键之间存在轻微的间隙，以便如上所述地避免在主转向模式中的操作期间沿着转向柱传递旋转和转矩。然而，如果缆线转向式系统10的电气连接不可用，则可通过花键52的接合使冗余转向模式可用。由于花键52之间的间隙，在最初在主转向模式与冗余转向模式之间转移的角位移预定范围上存在轻微的“转向死区”。在一些实施例中，在花键宽松地彼此接合之前，该范围为大约2度到大约10度的旋转，以允许由驾驶员输入的转向从转向轴14机械地传递到转向齿轮输入轴22。
为了减少外轴46和内轴48的部分相接触而产生的接触噪声，这些部分在一些实施例中被涂覆。例如，塑料涂层可用于实现降低噪声效果。
有利地，如果缆线转向式系统10经历电力缺失或降低可操作性的其它问题，则驱动器能够基于持续可用的转向柱的机械联接来用冗余转向模式提供方向控制。
虽然仅结合有限数量的实施例详细描述了本发明，但是应当容易理解，本发明不限于这些公开的实施例。相反，本发明可以被修改为包括迄今为止未描述但与本发明的精神和范围同等的任何数量的变型、更改、替代或等同布局。另外，虽然已经描述了本发明的各种实施例，但是应当理解，本发明的各方案可以仅包括一些所述实施例。因此，本发明不被视为受限于前文的描述。

Claims (14)

1.一种缆线转向式转向系统，其包括：
方向盘；
转向轴，其能操作地联接到所述方向盘并能够随其旋转；
转向齿轮输入轴，其能操作地联接到电力辅助转向齿轮；
电力致动器，其能操作地联接到所述电力辅助转向齿轮；
控制器，其与所述转向轴和所述电力致动器能操作地连通，以便在主模式中转向；以及
中间轴组件，当所述转向轴与所述转向齿轮输入轴之间的电气连通不可用时，所述中间轴组件将所述转向轴机械地联接到齿条和齿轮组件以便在冗余模式中转向，其中，所述中间轴组件包括：
外轴，其能操作地联接到第一接头；以及
内轴，其能操作地联接到第二接头，所述内轴的一部分设置在所述外轴的内部中，以形成所述内轴和所述外轴的重叠区域，当所述转向轴与所述转向齿轮输入轴之间的连通不可用时，所述重叠区域能够接合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缆线转向式转向系统，还包括：
第一组多个花键，其设置在所述外轴的内表面上；以及
第二组多个花键，其设置在所述内轴的外表面上，所述第一组多个花键和所述第二组多个花键在其间具有间隙，在所述转向轴与所述转向齿轮输入轴之间的连通不可用时，所述第一组多个花键和所述第二组多个花键能够接合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的缆线转向式转向系统，其中，所述中间轴组件还包括多个无摩擦轴承，所述多个无摩擦轴承设置在所述内轴与所述外轴之间，且在所述重叠区域内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的缆线转向式转向系统，其中，在所述转向轴与所述转向齿轮输入轴之间的连通缺失的情况下，所述冗余模式持续可用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的缆线转向式转向系统，还包括设置在所述重叠区域内的所述外轴的内表面和所述内轴的外表面的至少一部分上的涂层，以便减少接触噪声。
6.根据权利要求5所述的缆线转向式转向系统，其中，所述涂层包括塑料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的缆线转向式转向系统，其中，所述外轴和所述内轴不接合，直到使所述外轴进行预定角位移的旋转。
8.根据权利要求7所述的缆线转向式转向系统，其中，所述预定角位移的范围从2度到10度。
9.一种缆线转向式转向系统的中间轴组件，包括：
外轴，其能操作地联接到第一接头；以及
内轴，其能操作地联接到第二接头，所述内轴的一部分设置在所述外轴的内部中，以形成所述内轴和所述外轴的重叠区域，所述内轴和所述外轴将转向轴机械联接到转向齿轮输入轴；
第一组多个花键，其设置在所述外轴的内表面上；以及
第二组多个花键，其设置在所述内轴的外表面上，所述第一组多个花键和所述第二组多个花键在其间具有间隙，在所述转向轴与所述转向齿轮输入轴之间的连通不可用时，所述第一组多个花键和所述第二组多个花键能够接合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的中间轴组件，还包括多个无摩擦轴承，所述多个无摩擦轴承设置所述内轴与所述外轴之间，且在所述重叠区域内。
11.根据权利要求9所述的中间轴组件，其中，在所述转向轴与所述转向齿轮输入轴之间的连通缺失的情况下，冗余模式持续可用。
12.根据权利要求9所述的中间轴组件，还包括设置在所述重叠区域内的所述外轴的内表面和所述内轴的外表面的至少一部分上的涂层，以便减少接触噪声。
13.根据权利要求12所述的中间轴组件，其中，所述涂层包括塑料。
14.根据权利要求9所述的中间轴组件，其中，所述外轴和所述内轴不接合，直到使所述外轴进行预定角位移的旋转。
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