CN104956042B - 发动机和用于内燃机的点火塞 - Google Patents
发动机和用于内燃机的点火塞 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
- F02B19/02—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers the chamber being periodically isolated from its cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
- F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
- F02B19/1095—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with more than one pre-combustion chamber (a stepped form of the main combustion chamber above the piston is to be considered as a pre-combustion chamber if this stepped portion is not a squish area)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B9/00—Engines characterised by other types of ignition
- F02B9/06—Engines characterised by other types of ignition with non-timed positive ignition, e.g. with hot-spots
- F02B9/08—Engines characterised by other types of ignition with non-timed positive ignition, e.g. with hot-spots with incandescent chambers
- F02B9/10—Chamber shapes or constructions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
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Abstract
发动机具有在发动机的燃烧腔室中的点火源。设置内壳体,内壳体包括一个或多个射流孔口并且限定包含点火源的内腔室。设置外壳体(或预燃腔室),外壳体包括与主燃烧腔室连通的一个或多个射流孔口并且限定包含内壳体的外腔室。
Description
优先权声明
本申请要求在2013年1月8日提交的美国专利申请序列号No. 13/736,424的优先权,其全部内容以引用的方式并入到本文中。
背景技术
在火花点火内燃机中,诱发点火所需的能量是空气-燃料混合物的温度、压力和湍流的函数。例如,更高的压力需要火花塞中更高的点火电压,最终导致击穿极限(即,击穿电压,或者BDV)。这通常对于高度增压、高功率密度 (或高BMEP)发动机并且特别地对于气体燃料发电型发动机成为特有的问题。热表面点火器,即,使用热表面(或点)来起始燃烧的点火器,并不具有BDV 局限性。然而,与火花塞相比,点火正时(例如,燃烧开始的超前或滞后)不能利用热表面点火器容易地调整。例如,利用火花塞,可以在希望起始点火时向火花塞施加电压来精确地控制点火正时。相比而言,热表面点火器需要相对较长时间来升高表面温度高于起燃温度和降低表面温度低于起燃温度。因此,热点火器不能快速地改变温度以改变起始点火的正时。
发明内容
本说明书描述了使用静燃腔室热气体点火器来点燃内燃机中的燃烧混合物的设备、方法和系统。所公开的点火器包括点火源,点火源具有围绕该源限定的多个腔室。最内腔室倾向于在点火源周围形成相对静区以便于起始火焰核心。一旦火焰核心正常,其升高了内部静燃腔室中的温度,并且当阀闭合件允许时,迫使焚烧射流进入到周围火焰生长腔室。周围火焰生长腔室有湍流并且湍流加速了火焰生长,而火焰生长形成了进入发动机燃烧腔室内的射流。这些射流点燃了在燃烧腔室中的燃烧混合物。
由于多个腔室,在内腔室里的焚烧速率和湍流可以提供有益于良好点燃的条件(例如,低湍流、安静),该良好点燃能够独立于周围腔室中的条件,这些条件中,高湍流有益于快速焚烧速率和正常火焰生长,并且进一步独立于在发动机燃烧腔室中的焚烧速率和湍流。在某些情形下,内腔室可以被配置成促进以下条件:能够以比点火源周围存在显著湍流的情况诸如典型预燃腔室中或主燃烧腔室中的点火源更少的能量起始核心。此外,外腔室可以被配置成促进火焰生长的条件。通过打开和闭合阀闭合件,可以甚至利用并不快速反应的点火源,诸如热表面点火器,来控制火焰核心被释放到火焰生长腔室内的正时,并因此控制点火正时。
一方面涵盖一种用于内燃机的点火塞。点火塞包括塞主体,塞主体适于联接到内燃机。点火源承载于塞主体上。内壳体限定包含点火源的内腔室。内壳体包括一个或多个射流孔口。外壳体设置于内壳体周围,并且限定包含内腔室的腔室。外壳体还包括一个或多个射流孔口。
一方面涵盖一种点燃内燃机的空气-燃料混合物的方法。在该方法中,将燃烧的空气-燃料混合物密封在内燃机的燃烧腔室中的内壳体中。将燃烧的空气-燃料混合物从内壳体释放到内壳体周围的外壳体内。利用来自内壳体的燃烧的空气-燃料混合物点燃外壳体中的空气-燃料混合物。利用来自外壳体内的燃烧的空气-燃料混合物点燃外壳体周围的燃烧腔室中的空气-燃料混合物。
一方面涵盖一种发动机,其具有在发动机的燃烧腔室中的点火源。提供一种内壳体,内壳体包括一个或多个射流孔口并且限定包含点火源的内腔室。提供一种外壳体,外壳体包括一个或多个射流孔口并且限定包含内壳体的外腔室。
上述方面可以包括如下附加特征中的某些、全部特征,或者全都不包括。
在某些情形下,点火源是热表面点火器,热表面点火器具有被加热到起燃温度的表面。例如,该表面可以是内壳体的朝向内的表面并且电加热元件可以由内壳体承载。在某些情形下,点火源可以是其它类型的点火源。例如,点火源可以包括激光器,用于生成电火花的电极和/或其它点火源。
在某些情形下,内壳体的射流孔口在内腔室与外腔室之间延伸并且适于从内腔室向外腔室喷射焚烧的空气-燃料混合物。在某些情形下,塞主体限定外腔室的后壁并且内壳体的射流孔口邻近外腔室的后壁。
点火塞可包括在内壳体中的阀闭合件,阀闭合件在密封以阻止通过内壳体的射流孔口的流动与允许通过内壳体的射流孔口的流动之间移动。阀闭合件响应于信号移动以允许燃烧的空气-燃料混合物从内腔室流到外腔室。在某些情形下,内腔室基本上是细长的并且具有开放的轴向端部,并且内壳体的射流孔口基本上在侧向定向。在某些情形下,开放轴向端部在外壳体外部。在其它情形下,开放轴向端部可以在由外壳体限定的腔室中并且与由外壳体限定的腔室连通。阀闭合件包括穿过它延伸的孔口。内腔室的大小设定为保持燃烧的空气 -燃料混合物在通过阀闭合件与内壳体的射流孔口密封隔离的内腔室的一部分中直到阀闭合件移动到允许通过内壳体的射流孔口的流动。内腔室大小也设定为防止燃烧的空气/燃料混合物通过阀闭合件中的孔口从内腔室的部分流出。内腔室被配置成保持其中的空气-燃料混合物比外腔室中的空气-燃料混合物相对更安静。外腔室可以被设置成无点火源,并且依靠焚烧的空气-燃料混合物来点火。
在附图和下文的描述中陈述了一个或多个实施例的细节。通过描述和附图以及技术方案,其它特征、目的和优点将显然。
附图说明
图1是带有点火塞的示例内燃机的截面图。
图2A和图2B示出了可以用于图1中的点火塞的示例的详细截面图。
图3A和图3B示出了可以用于图1中的点火塞的另一示例的详细截面图。
图4是使用替代加热源的点火塞的示例的详细截面图。
在各个附图中相同的附图标记表示相似元件。
具体实施方式
图1是带有点火塞120的示例内燃机100的截面图。在细节图中示出了示例内燃机100,细节图示出了单个燃烧腔室101和活塞116的部分。示例内燃机100包括进气端口115、点火塞120和排气端口117。进气端口115 允许空气-燃料混合物进入燃烧腔室101,或者在直接喷射发动机中,燃料喷射器可以设置于燃烧腔室101中。在活塞116向上移动时,空气-燃料混合物在燃烧腔室中压缩,使体积在燃烧腔室101中移位。由于这种升高的压力,空气-燃料混合物经由节流孔被推入到点火塞内。然后点火塞120点燃压缩的空气-燃料混合物,升高了主腔室中的温度和然后压力,向下驱动活塞116,并且向发动机100提供动力以运行。燃烧废气通过排气端口117 离开燃烧腔室101。点火塞120具有点火源130,和围绕点火源的多个腔室。尽管点火塞120被图示为配置成四冲程汽油内燃机,点火塞120可以施加到需要点火源(例如,与自点火相对比)的其它内燃机上。例如,点火塞 120也可以用于其它发动机配置中,诸如两冲程发动机,六冲程发动机,汪克尔发动机或其它类型的发动机并且可以用于任何类型的易燃燃料,包括汽油、天然气、生物气、柴油燃料、油和其它燃料。
图2A和图2B为可以用作图1的点火塞120的点火塞200的示例的详细截面图。首先转至图2A,点火塞200包括塞主体203,塞主体203适于联接到内燃机,诸如图1的示例内燃机100。在某些情形下,塞主体203 螺接到发动机的缸盖110(图1)的相对应的螺纹孔内。塞主体203承载点火或加热源230。点火源230包含于内壳体中,被称作Q腔室壳体235(“Q”为静态),其限定内腔室,被称作Q腔室240。Q腔室壳体235还包含于外预燃腔室壳体205中,外预燃腔室壳体205限定包含Q腔室240的外预燃腔室201。如将在下文中更详细地描述,在Q腔室240中的空气-燃料混合物比预燃腔室201中的空气-燃料混合物更加安静,在某些情形下,预燃腔室201中的空气-燃料混合物比燃烧腔室(例如,燃烧腔室101)中的空气- 燃料混合物相对更安静。因此,Q腔室240孵化出(incubate)(译者注:此后通俗地译成产生)火焰,火焰随后在预燃腔室201中发展并且进一步膨胀以点燃燃烧腔室中的混合物。尽管预燃腔室壳体205和塞主体203被图示为单个整体结构,在其它实施方式中,它们可以是组装在一起的分离结构。
Q腔室壳体235包括阀闭合件220。阀闭合件220可以封住Q腔室壳体 235的内壁(利用密封部分233)并且被促动以相对于Q腔室壳体235在闭合位置与打开位置之间移动。图2A示出了处于闭合位置的阀闭合件220并且图2B示出了处于打开位置的阀闭合件220。尽管被示出为具有半圆锥形头部,阀闭合件220可以是其它形状。在某些情形下,阀闭合件220的头部平直地齐平安装或者以类似于进气阀或排气阀的角度安装。
图2A和图2B示出了Q腔室240为细长的并且圆柱形,并且Q腔室壳体235具有开口232和一个或多个侧向孔口242(在这个截面图中可以看到两个)。侧向孔口242和通向Q腔室壳体235的开口232在Q腔室240与预燃腔室201之间延伸。当阀闭合件220处于闭合位置时,由阀233与阀主体235之间的紧密公差来密封在Q腔室240与预燃腔室201之间通过侧向孔口242的流动。小间隙可以存在于242与235之间,但其形成狭窄通道,狭窄通道将使泄露经过的任何燃烧气体熄灭。间隙允许阀233的容易移动。为了适应热膨胀,可以由比主体235更低热膨胀的材料制成阀233。当阀闭合件220处于打开位置时,允许在Q腔室240与预燃腔室201之间通过侧向孔口242的流动。通向Q腔室240的开口232可以是直的或者基本上空气动力学形状。侧向孔口242大小设定和/或以其它方式被配置成将 Q腔室240中的燃烧空气-燃料混合物喷射到预燃腔室201内。尽管侧向孔口242被示出邻近预燃腔室201的后壁209,侧向孔口242可以设置于Q 腔室壳体235中的其它位置。然而,在某些情形下,设置邻近后壁209的侧向孔口242可以在燃烧的空气-燃料混合物从Q腔室240通过侧向孔口 242喷射到预燃腔室201时有助引导火焰向下生长进入预燃腔室201内,如在图2B中进一步示出。后壁209由塞主体203和/或预燃腔室壳体205限定,例如,后壁是预燃腔室201的顶部。
阀闭合件220还可以包括穿过阀闭合件220、与通向Q腔室壳体235 的开口232对准的轴向通路246。穿过阀闭合件220的轴向通路246通过在阀闭合件220中穿过的一个或多个侧向通路244(在此截面中可以看到两个)与Q腔室240连通。这允许在预燃腔室201中的空气-燃料混合物从Q 腔室壳体235的开口232流入到轴向通路246内,如箭头270所示,并且离开侧向通路244进入到Q腔室240内。然后在Q腔室240中点燃空气-燃料混合物并且使空气-燃料混合物进一步膨胀并且通过侧向孔口242喷射到预燃腔室201内。参考图2B进一步讨论点火过程的细节。
穿过阀闭合件220的轴向通路246可以延伸经过阀闭合件220的密封部分。例如,阀闭合件220的密封部分可以在阀闭合件220闭合时通过封住在一个或多个侧向孔口242上方的Q腔室壳体235而将Q腔室240与预燃腔室201分开。当阀闭合件220打开时,密封部分在侧向孔口242下方移动并且允许侧向孔口242连接Q腔室240与预燃腔室201。而且,Q腔室的大小可以设定为当阀闭合件220处于闭合位置时保持燃烧的空气-燃料混合物在阀闭合件220的密封部分上方,直到阀闭合件220移动以允许通过侧向孔口242的流动。
可以由促动器212来促动阀闭合件220。在图2A所示的配置中,促动器212在阀闭合件220上方并且由预燃腔室壳体205承载。促动器212响应于信号而移动阀闭合件220以允许燃烧的空气-燃料混合物从Q腔室240 流动到预燃腔室201。促动器212可以包括线性电磁促动器以使阀闭合件 220缩回和延伸。在某些实施方式中,促动器212也可以或替代地包括凸轮弹簧机构以使阀闭合件上下移动。其它移动阀闭合件220的方式也是可能的。
在某些情形下,由电子控制单元(ECU)214来控制促动器212。ECU 214 可以是控制发动机运行的其它方面(例如,燃料喷射,强制感应废气门/旁路、负荷/速度调控器和其它运行)的相同ECU。ECU 214可以向促动器212 发送信号以促动阀闭合件220,如发动机基于多个参数的运行所需要的那样。例如,基于发动机运行参数,诸如发动机速度、节流阀位置、来自扭矩指示传感器(例如,MAP)的输出、空气和/或燃料流量(例如,MAF、含氧传感器(lambda sensor)、燃料喷射器占空比)、爆震传感器和/或其它发动机运行参数,ECU 214向促动器212发送信号以在规正时间打开阀闭合件220并且持续发动机循环中规定的持续时间。规定的时间对于不同的运行参数而言可不同,并且是基于燃烧的点火正时和/或通过打开和闭合阀而调整点火正时以防止预燃。在其中点火塞200使用热表面点火器的情形中,诸如加热块231以生成热表面234,相比通过点火源的循环温度变化来控制,打开和闭合阀闭合件220能够更精确地控制和更快地改变该规定的时间。
在图2A中,阀闭合件220被示出处于压缩冲程期间的闭合位置。空气 -燃料混合物被压缩并且通过分布于预燃腔室壳体205的底部周边附近的中央射流孔口207和一个或多个射流孔口262而进入预燃腔室201,如由箭头 215和216所示。压缩的空气-燃料混合物还通过开口232,穿过阀闭合件 220的轴向通路246和穿过阀闭合件220的侧向通路244进入到Q腔室240 内。在Q腔室240中,空气-燃料混合物最初能由点火源点燃,此处点火源是热表面点火器,热表面点火器具有在Q腔室壳体235中被加热到起燃温度的表面234。之后,将部分地或完全地通过燃烧已经在Q腔室240中的空气-燃料混合物来点燃进入Q腔室240的额外空气-燃料混合物。受热表面234是Q腔室240的朝向内的表面。使用Q腔室壳体235所承载的电加热元件231来加热表面234。在某些实施方式中,作为热表面234的替代,可以使用其它点火源,例如,激光器,柴油/油滴,声波、冲击波、热棒、电极和/或其它点火源。
Q腔室240被配置成继续通过轴向通路246接收空气-燃料混合物,尽管其中有膨胀的燃烧空气-燃料混合物。在流动以高速进入轴向通路246时,其在通路中停滞并且造成相对较高的压力,相对较高的压力倾向于推动空气-燃料混合物进入到Q腔室240内。然而Q腔室240的大小设定成使得在 Q腔室240中的压力并不超过在阀闭合件220的循环之间的轴向通路246 中的压力。因此,空气-燃料混合物并不转回并且通过轴向通路246从Q腔室240流出。
Q腔室240被配置成造成其中的空气-燃料混合物比预燃腔室201中的空气-燃料混合物相对更安静。例如,Q腔室240使腔室240中的空气-燃料混合物避开预燃腔室201中的湍流,造成Q腔室240中的空气-燃料混合物变得安静(基本上或完全)。因此,这样的环境中产生其中的燃烧的空气- 燃料混合物的火焰,该环境便于火焰的生长和加强,并且然后用于点燃在预燃腔室201中的空气-燃料混合物。在某些情形下,在Q腔室240中安静的条件可以被配置成便于使用热表面234来进行火焰的点燃和产生。例如,因为空气-燃料混合物相对安静,热表面234并不向Q腔室壳体235的周围材料失去大量热。火焰核心可以在这种相对安静的条件下以很低能量水平起始,并且小于诸如预燃腔室201或者燃烧腔室中湍流所需的能量水平。此外,预燃腔室201被配置为使其中的空气-燃料混合物与预燃腔室201中的空气-燃料混合物相比相对不太安静以促进火焰生长。
如图2B所示,促动器212打开阀闭合件220并且允许燃烧气体在Q- 腔室240与预燃腔室201之间流动。之后,产生的火焰272从Q-腔室240 膨胀到预燃腔室201内,通过侧向孔口242形成多个焚烧射流274,焚烧射流274点燃在预燃腔室201中的湍流空气-燃料混合物。使用近似箭头276 示出了膨胀过程。当Q-腔室中的火焰272焚烧其余空气-燃料混合物时,来自轴向通路246的流动将燃烧的空气-燃料混合物移动到预燃腔室201内。焚烧射流274使空气-燃料混合物扫过后壁209并且沿着预燃腔室201的侧壁扫过,并且深入到达预燃腔室201的其余空间。最终,预燃腔室201中的火焰膨胀积聚压力并且通过预燃腔室壳体205的射流孔口207、262形成多个焚烧射流280,并且进入到燃烧腔室。在燃烧腔室中,焚烧射流点燃其余空气-燃料混合物。
图3A和图3B为可以用作图1的点火塞120的另一示例点火塞300的详细截面图。点火塞300在结构上类似于点火塞200,除了底部中央射流隧道307之外,底部中央射流隧道307延伸到Q-腔室壳体235底部并且与Q- 腔室壳体235的底部联接。点火塞300的此实施例使用中央射流隧道307 来把流入到Q-腔室240的空气-燃料混合物与预燃腔室201分离。Q-腔室壳体235的开口232与中央射流隧道307的管状部分联接,而中央射流隧道 37与燃烧腔室连通。使用近似箭头示出了总点燃过程。首先,进入的混合物370能通过中央射流隧道307而进入开口232,如箭头371所示。因为中央射流隧道307通过预燃腔室201延伸,进来的空气-燃料混合物370能被保护免遭预燃腔室201中的湍流的影响。然后进来的混合物370进给到Q- 腔室240并且被点燃形成Q-腔室点火372。在Q-腔室点火372焚烧其余空气-燃料混合物时,在腔室中的压力升高并且迫使焚烧射流374通过侧向孔口242以点燃在预燃腔室201中的湍流空气-燃料混合物。在预燃腔室201 中的火焰然后作为点火火焰380通过射流孔口262离开以燃烧在发动机燃烧腔室中的空气-燃料混合物。
图4是使用替代点火源410的点火塞400的示例的详细截面图。点火器也可以应用于各种类型的内燃机。
值得注意的是,由于多个腔室,在Q-腔室240中点火时的焚烧速率和湍流可以独立于在预燃腔室201中火焰生长时的焚烧速率和湍流,并且进一步独立于发动机燃烧腔室中的焚烧速率和湍流。这个独立性也允许设计 Q-腔室240中便于火焰起始的条件,并且设计预燃腔室201中便于火焰生长的条件。
例如,可以生成高湍流并且在火焰生长时高湍流存在于预燃腔室201 中,而不会对Q-腔室240中的流动场和火焰核心具有不利影响。可以由活塞压缩冲程期间压缩通过射流孔口进入到预燃腔室201内的空气-燃料混合物来促进湍流。湍流并未进入Q-腔室240,因为通路246、244的大小设定为限制湍流进入到Q-腔室240内的连通。在燃烧时,在预燃腔室201中的湍流可以在火焰通过侧向孔口242喷射出来后促进火焰发展。
Q-腔室240和预燃腔室201然后可以各保持不同的焚烧速率。例如,空气-燃料混合物可以在Q-腔室240中以低于预燃腔室201的焚烧速率被孵化,预燃腔室201可以具有湍流辅助的显著更高的焚烧速率。预燃腔室201 可以被设计成具有规定湍流程度,规定湍流程度根据需要提供增加或减小的焚烧速率。因此,双腔室配置可以实现精确度(即,重复性和一致性)。一般而言,在预燃腔室201中的湍流越高,焚烧速率就越高。更高的焚烧速率可能导致压力快速升高并且促进较强火焰发展,以及火焰进入到发动机燃烧腔室内的高射流速度,以更高效点燃主发动机燃烧。此外,这可能形成离开预燃腔室201的快速反应射流以利用发动机燃烧腔室中的湍流和总快速燃烧提供更大表面积“指状物(fingers)”,因此延长了预混合冲电发动机的贫燃极限(lean flammability limit)。另外,当其它条件相同时,这种双腔室点火器配置能够导致改进的燃料效率,较低排放和排除了与单个腔室或无腔室火花塞相关联的高电压系统。
在启动模式期间,在元件231需要最大量加热。然而,随着发动机变热,在前一燃烧循环结束时仍留下残留气体,并且在压缩时将会自行加热。由于热气体的自行加热,能减小外部供应的能量。将由速度和负荷的先验调度或者由反馈控制器(ECU)来调整加热功率程度。
装置也可以在控制系统内实施,控制系统监视燃烧症状,诸如燃烧开始和热释放质心、压力升高速率和最大缸压力等,并且调整阀的功率和正时以实现这些目标。
在上文中描述了许多实施方式,然而,应了解可以做出各种修改。
因此,其它实施例在技术方案的范围内。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于内燃机的点火塞,所述点火塞包括:
塞主体,所述塞主体适于联接到所述内燃机;
承载于所述塞主体上的点火源;
内壳体,所述内壳体包括穿过所述内壳体的射流孔口并且限定内腔室,所述内腔室包含所述点火源;
在所述内壳体周围的外壳体,所述外壳体包括穿过所述外壳体的射流孔口并且限定外腔室,所述外腔室包含所述内腔室,其中,所述内壳体的所述射流孔口在所述内腔室与所述外腔室之间延伸并且构造成从所述内腔室向所述外腔室喷射焚烧的空气-燃料混合物;以及
在所述内壳体中的阀闭合件,所述阀闭合件相对所述内壳体的所述射流孔口在密封所述内腔室以阻止通过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口的流动与允许通过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口流出所述内腔室的流动之间移动,其中,所述阀闭合件包括穿过其延伸的孔口,所述阀闭合件的所述孔口构造成:当所述阀闭合件密封穿过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口的流体通路时,所述阀闭合件的所述孔口将流体传送到所述内腔室。
2.根据权利要求1所述的点火塞,其特征在于,所述点火源包括被加热到起燃温度的表面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的点火塞,其特征在于,所述表面包括所述内壳体的朝向内的表面并且其中所述点火塞还包括由所述内壳体承载的电加热元件。
4.一种用于内燃机的点火塞,所述点火塞包括:
塞主体,所述塞主体适于联接到所述内燃机;
承载于所述塞主体上的点火源;
内壳体,所述内壳体包括穿过所述内壳体的射流孔口并且限定内腔室,所述内腔室包含所述点火源;
在所述内壳体周围的外壳体,所述外壳体包括穿过所述外壳体的射流孔口并且限定外腔室,所述外腔室包含所述内腔室,其中,所述内壳体的所述射流孔口在所述内腔室与所述外腔室之间延伸并且构造成从所述内腔室向所述外腔室喷射焚烧的空气-燃料混合物;以及
在所述内壳体中的阀闭合件,所述阀闭合件相对所述内壳体的所述射流孔口在密封所述内腔室以阻止通过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口的流动与允许通过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口流出所述内腔室的流动之间移动,其中,所述阀闭合件包括穿过其延伸的孔口,所述阀闭合件的所述孔口构造成:当所述阀闭合件密封穿过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口的流体通路时,所述阀闭合件的所述孔口将流体传送到所述内腔室;
其中,所述内壳体基本上是细长的并且具有开放的轴向端部,并且所述内壳体的所述射流孔口基本上在侧向定向。
5.根据权利要求4所述的点火塞,其特征在于,所述开放轴向端部在所述外壳体外部。
6.根据权利要求4所述的点火塞,其特征在于,所述塞主体限定所述外腔室的后壁且其中所述内壳体的所述射流孔口邻近所述外腔室的后壁。
7.根据权利要求4所述的点火塞,其特征在于,所述内腔室的大小设定为保持燃烧的空气-燃料混合物在所述内腔室的通过所述阀闭合件与所述内壳体的所述射流孔口密封隔离的一部分中直到所述阀闭合件移动到允许通过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口的流动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的点火塞,其特征在于,所述外腔室不包括点火源。
9.根据权利要求7所述的点火塞,其特征在于,所述内腔室大小设定为防止燃烧的空气和燃料混合物通过所述阀闭合件的所述孔口从所述内腔室的所述部分流出。
10.根据权利要求9所述的点火塞,其特征在于,所述内腔室被配置成保持其中的空气-燃料混合物比所述外腔室中的空气-燃料混合物相对更安静。
11.根据权利要求1所述的点火塞,其特征在于,所述阀闭合件响应于信号移动以允许燃烧的空气-燃料混合物从所述内腔室流动到所述外腔室。
12.一种发动机,包括:
在所述发动机的燃烧腔室中的点火源;
内壳体,其包括穿过所述内壳体的射流孔口并且限定内腔室,所述内腔室包含所述点火源;
外壳体,其包括穿过所述外壳体的射流孔口并且限定外腔室,所述外腔室包含所述内壳体;
阀闭合件,所述阀闭合件相对所述内壳体的所述射流孔口响应于信号移动以密封或允许通过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口流出所述内腔室的流体通路;以及
穿过所述阀闭合件的孔口,当所述阀闭合件密封穿过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口的流体通路时,穿过所述阀闭合件的孔口将流体从所述燃烧腔室传送到所述内腔室。
13.根据权利要求12所述的发动机,其特征在于,所述点火源包括热表面点火器;以及
其中通过操作所述阀闭合件以使所述内腔室中的火焰内核生长,将所述火焰内核释放到所述外壳体内以生长并且喷射到所述燃烧腔室内来控制所述发动机的点火正时。
14.根据权利要求12所述的发动机,其特征在于,所述发动机被配置成使得在所述发动机操作期间所述阀闭合件密封穿过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口的流体通路时,在所述内腔室中的流体比所述外腔室中的流体相对更安静。
15.根据权利要求14所述的发动机,其特征在于,所述发动机被配置成使得在所述发动机操作期间所述阀闭合件密封穿过所述内壳体的所述射流孔口的流体通路时,在所述外腔室中的流体比所述燃烧腔室中的流体相对更安静。
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CN201380071788.9A Active CN104956042B (zh) | 2013-01-08 | 2013-11-22 | 发动机和用于内燃机的点火塞 |
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US (2) | US9856848B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2943666B1 (zh) |
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2013
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- 2013-11-22 EP EP13808316.7A patent/EP2943666B1/en active Active
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CN104956042A (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
US9856848B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 |
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EP2943666A1 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
US10054102B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 |
US20180080429A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
EP2943666B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
EP3561254A1 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
WO2014109835A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
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