CN103688237B - 主动式触控笔 - Google Patents

主动式触控笔 Download PDF

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CN103688237B
CN103688237B CN201280030351.6A CN201280030351A CN103688237B CN 103688237 B CN103688237 B CN 103688237B CN 201280030351 A CN201280030351 A CN 201280030351A CN 103688237 B CN103688237 B CN 103688237B
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pointer
electrode
touch
sensing
signal
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CN103688237A (zh
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J·A·哈勒
D·I·西蒙
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Apple Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
    • G06F3/03545—Pens or stylus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • G06F3/038—Control and interface arrangements therefor, e.g. drivers or device-embedded control circuitry
    • G06F3/0383—Signal control means within the pointing device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0441—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using active external devices, e.g. active pens, for receiving changes in electrical potential transmitted by the digitiser, e.g. tablet driving signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0442—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using active external devices, e.g. active pens, for transmitting changes in electrical potential to be received by the digitiser
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0445—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using two or more layers of sensing electrodes, e.g. using two layers of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04112—Electrode mesh in capacitive digitiser: electrode for touch sensing is formed of a mesh of very fine, normally metallic, interconnected lines that are almost invisible to see. This provides a quite large but transparent electrode surface, without need for ITO or similar transparent conductive material

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种主动式触控笔。所述触控笔(200,700)包括所述触控笔的尖端(202,702)处的电极；和通电电路(206,706)，所述通电电路连接到所述电极并被配置为使所述电极与电容触摸传感器面板电容耦合。所述通电电路还可包括驱动电路(204)和/或感测电路(704)，所述驱动电路被配置为在所述电极处输出驱动电压，所述感测电路被配置为感测所述电极处接收到的电压。

Description

主动式触控笔
技术领域
本发明整体涉及触摸感测，更具体地涉及提供可充当电容触摸系统中的驱动和/或感测元件的触控笔。
背景技术
多种类型的输入装置可用于在计算系统中执行操作，例如按钮或按键、鼠标、轨迹球、触摸传感器面板、操纵杆、触摸板、触摸屏等。触敏装置以及具体地讲触摸屏由于其在操作方面的便利性和灵活性以及其不断下降的价格而变得越来越受欢迎。触敏装置可包括触摸传感器面板和诸如液晶显示器(LCD)之类的显示装置，该触摸传感器面板可以是具有触敏表面的透明面板，该显示装置可部分或全部设置在面板后面或与面板集成，使得触敏表面可基本覆盖显示装置的可视区域。触敏装置通常可允许用户通过使用一个或多个手指、触控笔或其他物体在某个位置触摸所述触摸传感器面板或悬停在触摸传感器面板之上来执行各种功能，所述某个位置通常由显示装置所显示的包括虚拟按钮、按键、栏位、显示内容或其他元素在内的用户界面(UI)来决定。通常，触摸屏可识别触摸事件和触摸事件在触摸传感器面板上的位置，或者悬停事件和悬停事件在触摸传感器面板上的位置，并且计算系统随后可根据事件发生时出现的显示内容来解释触摸或悬停事件，然后可根据该事件来执行一个或多个操作。
触摸屏可允许用户通过使用手指、触控笔或其他物体触摸所述触摸传感器面板来执行各种功能。更高级的触摸屏能够同时检测多点触摸。通常，触摸屏可识别触摸传感器面板上一个或多个触摸的位置，并且计算系统随后可根据触摸事件发生时出现的显示内容而单独地解释该触摸或将该触摸解释为单个手势，然后可根据触摸事件来执行一个或多个动作。
当将触控笔用作电容触摸系统中的输入装置时，触控笔传统上具有类似于手指的性质。常规的触控笔通常只是具有手指尺寸的圆形尖端的导电棒，该圆形尖端足够大以中断电容触摸传感器面板的驱动电极和感测电极之间的电场线。因此，常规的触控笔是被动式输入装置，因为这种装置不能在电容触摸传感器面板中主动传输激励信号或感测由触摸引起的电容变化。
发明内容
本发明整体涉及可充当电容触摸系统中驱动和/或感测元件的触控笔。常规触控笔的工作方式是被动地阻断电容触摸传感器面板的驱动电极和感测电极之间的电场线，与之不同的是，本发明的各种实施例中所公开的触控笔可充当驱动电极以在互电容触摸传感器面板的驱动电极和感测线之间建立电场，或者充当感测电极以用于感测来自触摸传感器面板的一个或多个被激励的驱动行和驱动列的电容耦合信号，或者既充当驱动电极又充当感测电极。因此，与常规的被动式触控笔相比较，本文所公开的触控笔可称为主动式触控笔。这些主动式触控笔可显著改善互电容触摸传感器面板上的触控笔感测，但不会产生明显的附加成本。
附图说明
图1A示出了示例性电容触摸传感器面板的底层结构。
图1B和1C示出了与示例性被动式触控笔交互的图1A的电容触摸传感器面板。
图2示出了根据各种实施例的与电容触摸传感器面板一起使用的示例性主动式触控笔。
图3示出了根据各种实施例的图2的主动式触控笔的示例性驱动电路。
图4示出了根据各种实施例的示例性电容触摸传感器面板的结构。
图5示出了根据各种实施例的图2的主动式触控笔与图4的触摸传感器面板之间的交互。
图6示出了根据各种实施例的图4的触摸传感器面板的示例性感测电路。
图7示出了根据各种实施例的与电容触摸传感器面板一起使用的另一个示例性主动式触控笔。
图8示出了根据各种实施例的图7的主动式触控笔的示例性感测电路。
图9示出了根据各种实施例的另一个示例性触摸传感器面板的结构。
图10示出了根据各种实施例的图7的主动式触控笔与图9的触摸传感器面板之间的交互。
图11示出了根据各种实施例的与触控笔一起使用的示例性计算系统。
图12示出了根据各种实施例的与触控笔一起使用的示例性移动电话。
图13示出了根据各种实施例的与触控笔一起使用的示例性数字媒体播放器。
图14示出了根据各种实施例的与触控笔一起使用的示例性个人计算机。
具体实施方式
在以下示例性实施例的描述中将引用附图，其中以举例说明的方式示出了可实施的具体实施例。应当理解，在不脱离各种实施例的范围的情况下，可使用其他实施例并且可进行结构性更改。
本发明整体涉及可充当电容触摸系统中驱动和/或感测元件的触控笔。常规触控笔的工作方式是被动地阻断电容触摸传感器面板的驱动电极和感测电极之间的电场线，与之不同的是，本发明的各种实施例中所公开的触控笔可充当驱动电极以在互电容触摸传感器面板的驱动电极和感测线之间建立电场，或者充当感测电极以用于感测来自触摸传感器面板的一个或多个经激励的驱动行和驱动列的电容耦合信号，或者既充当驱动电极又充当感测电极。因此，与常规的被动式触控笔相比，本文所公开的触控笔可称为主动式触控笔。这些主动式触控笔可显著改善互电容触摸传感器面板上的触控笔感测，而不会产生明显的附加成本。
在下面的段落中，在介绍本发明的各种示例性实施例之前，首先讨论了典型电容触摸传感器面板的结构及其与常规被动式触控笔的交互的简要说明。
电容触摸传感器面板是本领域熟知的，并且已广泛应用在各种类型的电子装置中，例如平板PC（例如，可购自加利福尼亚州库比蒂诺(Cupertino,CA)的苹果公司的）和智能手机（例如，可购自加利福尼亚州库比蒂诺的苹果公司的）。一种流行的电容触摸传感器面板可包括互电容触摸传感器面板，该互电容触摸传感器面板由电介质的相对两侧或者基板同侧上彼此相邻的驱动线和感测线（例如，迹线的行和列）形成。在迹线的“交叉点”（在此处，迹线在上方或下方经过，或者彼此相邻（但不会彼此直接电接触）），迹线基本形成两个电极。在一个实施例中，用于在显示装置上使用的触摸传感器面板可使用在上面蚀刻了铟锡氧化物(ITO)或锑锡氧化物(ATO)的透明列迹线的玻璃顶层，以及在上面蚀刻了ITO行迹线的玻璃底层。顶部和底部玻璃层可用透光的聚合物垫片来隔开，该垫片充当行迹线和列迹线之间的电介质。还可想到其他触摸传感器面板构型和自电容触摸传感器面板与本发明的实施例一起使用，其他触摸传感器面板构型例如基板相对两侧或基板同侧上具有驱动线和感测线的那些构型。
图1A示出了示例性电容触摸传感器面板100。图1A指示位于行104和列106迹线交叉点的每个像素102处存在杂散电容Cstray（但出于简化图形的目的，图1A中仅示出了一列的Cstray）。请注意，尽管图1A将行104和列106示出为基本上垂直的，但它们无需这样对齐。在图1A的实例中，交流激励Vstim114正被施加至一个行，而所有其他行都连接到直流。该激励使得电荷通过交叉点处的互电容注入到列电极中。每一列106都可选择性地连接到一个或多个模拟信道。
图1B提供了处于稳态（无触摸）条件的示例性触摸像素102的侧视图。在图1B中，显示了由电介质110隔开的列106和行104迹线或电极之间的互电容的电场线108的电场。
图1C提供了处于动态（触摸）条件的示例性像素102的侧视图。在图1C中，在像素102附近放置了导电物体112。如图所示，导电物体112可以是触控笔。然而，应当理解，导电物体112也可以是手指或导电的任何其他物体。导电物体112可以是处于信号频率的低阻抗物体，并且可具有从列迹线104到物体的电容Cstylus。导电物体112可具有比Cstylus大得多的对地自电容Cbody。如果导电物体112阻断了行电极和列电极之间的某些电场线108（离开电介质并穿过行电极上方的空气的那些边缘场），则这些电场线可通过导电物体中固有的电容路径对地分流，因此，稳态信号或互电容Csig可减少ΔCsig（本文中也可称为Csig_sense）。换句话讲，导电物体的电容可以充当对地的分流或动态回流路径，从而阻断某些电场并得到减小的净信号电容。
当将常规触控笔用作导电物体时，触控笔尖端通常设计得足够大，以便中断电场线。事实上，设计为在电容触摸传感器面板上使用的很多常规触控笔具有手指尺寸的尖端。具有较小尖端的触控笔可能无法阻断可由电容触摸传感器面板检测的足够多的电场线。
当导电物体充当对地的分流路径并阻断某些电场线时，像素处的信号电容将会变成Csig-ΔCsig，其中Csig代表静态（无触摸）分量且ΔCsig代表动态（触摸）分量。电容中的该变化可用于检测触摸传感器面板的特定位置（例如像素102）处的触摸。也可通过使用与以上所讨论的相同的方法来确定触摸传感器面板的每个像素处是否发生电容变化，以在触摸传感器面板上同时检测多点触摸。
上面所讨论的常规被动式触控笔存在若干缺点。首先，如上所述，被动式触控笔需要具有足够大的尖端才能中断来自电容触摸传感器面板的电场。这会导致在现有的电容触摸传感器面板上使用具有较小尖端的触控笔较不理想（若并非不可行）。此外，由于被动式触控笔上的尖端相对较大，并且可能与触摸传感器面板的多个触摸像素重叠，因此可能难以确定触控笔所触摸的准确位置。另外，由于被动式触控笔与手指或任何其他触摸物体的工作方式相同，可能无法区分被动式触控笔的触摸与手指或其他具有类似尺寸和形状的物体的触摸，从而使得触摸传感器面板更加难以根据触摸物体的种类来筛除触摸。
本发明的实施例介绍了可避免常规被动式触控笔的部分或全部缺点的各种主动式触控笔，并且可在互电容触摸系统中提供改善的触控笔感测。如上所述，本文所公开的主动式触控笔可在互电容触摸系统中充当驱动电极、感测电极或两者。
首先讨论其中触控笔可充当驱动电极的实施例。在这些实施例中，触控笔可充当由激励信号激励的驱动元件，以便与互电容触摸传感器面板的近侧导电行和/或列进行电容耦合，从而形成用于将来自触控笔的电荷耦合至近侧行和/或列的电容路径。近侧行和/或列可将表示电荷耦合的信号输出至感测电路。
图2示出了配置为驱动电极的示例性主动式触控笔200。触控笔200可容纳连接到触控笔远端（即，尖端）处的电极202的驱动电路204。驱动电路204可生成激励信号，该激励信号可从电极202主动传输。
驱动电路204可类似于现有电容触摸传感器面板中存在的驱动电路。图3示出了根据各种实施例的触控笔200的示例性驱动电路204。触控笔驱动电路204可包括用以提供驱动信号的时钟306、用以控制驱动信号的微控制器308、以及用以使时钟信号增益放大至尖端电极202的放大器310。另外，驱动电路204可连接到电源206，例如内置于触控笔中的电池。在另一个实施例中，可由另一个电子装置（例如触摸感测装置）中的电源通过连接触控笔和该装置的缆线或通过感应耦合来供电。
在触控笔充当驱动电极的实施例（例如，图2的触控笔200）中，电容触摸传感器面板可检测到通过来自触控笔的激励而耦合到面板上的感测线的电荷，并确定触控笔在其表面上的位置。常规的互电容触摸传感器面板通常具有呈多列（如图1A中所示）或呈多行的感测电极，但不同时呈多列和多行。这些触摸传感器面板通过识别被激励的驱动行以及检测到电容变化的感测列来确定触摸的位置。然而，在本文所公开的实施例中，当从主动式触控笔接收到激励时，电容触摸传感器面板上的行和列都可以是感测线，以确定触控笔触摸的位置。
图4示出了示例性电容触摸传感器面板400，该面板设计用于与充当驱动电极的主动式触控笔进行交互。如图所示，电容触摸传感器面板400可同时包括感测行(R0-R4)和感测列(C0-C3)。尽管图4中示出了五行和四列，但应当理解，也可根据例如触摸传感器面板的尺寸和所需的触摸传感器面板的触摸分辨率来构建不同数量的感测行和感测列。感测行和感测列可为导电的。每个感测行和感测列都可将其电容读数输出到一个或多个感测电路（统称为402）以进行进一步处理。可在基板同一表面上、基板的相对表面上或两个不同基板的表面上形成感测行和感测列。
图5示出了图2的主动式触控笔与图4的电容触摸传感器面板感测线的示例性耦合。如图所示，当触控笔尖端接触（或紧邻）电容触摸传感器面板400时，尖端中的电极202可被激励而主动生成电场线（统称为404），并形成与电容触摸传感器面板400的感测行406和/或列408的电容耦合。换句话讲，可形成电容路径以便将来自触控笔200的电荷耦合到感测行406和列408。感测行406和列408可将表示电荷耦合的信号输出至感测电路（图5中未示出）。根据接收到信号的行和列，可确定触控笔触摸的位置。
在一些实施例中，触控笔200可包括多个电极，这些电极在电容耦合至触摸传感器面板时，可允许触摸传感器面板捕获反应触控笔状态（例如其取向和筒滚(barrelroll)）的触摸数据。这些实施例在共同待审的美国专利申请（代理人案卷号106842042500）中进行了全面描述，该美国专利申请与本申请同一天提交并转让给本申请的共同受让人。该共同待审的专利申请出于所有目的全文以引用方式并入本文。
在一些其他实施例中，触控笔200可采用一个或多个附加的组件，例如压力传感器、运动/取向传感器、加速度计、触摸传感器、旋转传感器、照相机、光发射器、颜色传感器等。通过采用一个或多个附加的组件，触控笔可捕获信息，例如在其尖端处感测到的压力、取向和旋转信息，或者触控笔尖端与表面之间的距离。这些实施例在另一个共同待审的美国专利申请（代理人案卷号106842042200）中进行了全面描述，该美国专利申请与本申请同一天提交并转让给本申请的共同受让人。该共同待审的专利申请也出于所有目的全文以引用方式并入本文。
在其他实施例中，触控笔200可生成脉冲信号，该信号可对数据诸如与触控笔有关的遥测数据以及来自触控笔的其他类型数据进行编码，并将该数据传输至触摸感测装置。在一个实施例中，可例如以摩尔斯（Morse）密码对数据进行编码。本质上，触控笔可将触摸传感器面板用作通信信道，以便直接将数据传输到主机触摸感测装置。这些实施例在另一个共同待审的美国专利申请（代理人案卷号106842042300）中进行了全面描述，该美国专利申请与本申请同一天提交并转让给本申请的共同受让人。该专利申请也出于所有目的全文以引用方式并入本文。
在一些实施例中，电容触摸传感器面板还可包括内置驱动线。例如，与常规的互电容触摸传感器面板一样，图4的触摸传感器面板可包括呈多行或多列（未示出）的驱动线。如果驱动线呈多行，则其可与列感测线(C0-C3)电容耦合。如果驱动线呈多列，则其可与行感测线(R0-R4)电容耦合。这使得触摸传感器面板能够检测来自诸如手指和常规被动式触控笔的其他触摸物体的触摸。事实上，触摸传感器面板可保留现有互电容触摸传感器面板中提供的所有功能。
在一个实施例中，触摸传感器面板和触控笔中的驱动电极可以是频率多路复用的，即以不同的频率进行激励。例如，触摸传感器面板中的驱动线能够以100kHz进行驱动，而触控笔中的电极能够以200kHz进行驱动。在另一个实施例中，触摸传感器面板和触控笔中的驱动电极可以是时间多路复用的，即在不同的时间进行激励。例如，在将总计16ms分配用于触摸传感器面板感测的触摸传感器面板中，可将15ms用于驱动触摸传感器面板中的驱动线，并将剩余的1ms用于驱动触控笔。可使用频率多路复用或时间多路复用将来自触控笔的触摸与触摸传感器面板上的其他触摸区分开来。此外，也可采用多种其他电压模式来区分触控笔和触摸信号，例如RF通信中使用的信号。
在具有驱动线和感测线两者的现有电容触摸传感器面板中，可通过混频器将来自感测线的输出信号与原始驱动信号的复本进行混频，以响应于触摸而生成与驱动线和感测线之间的耦合的电容成比例的直流信号。为了获得正确的直流信号，当由混频器处理时，来自感测线的输出信号与原始信号应该同相。这在驱动线和感测线都位于面板中并且可轻松同步的现有触摸传感器面板中不应当是难题。如果驱动电极在触控笔中，如上述公开的实施例中一样，则可使用包括以下段落中描述的那些方法在内的不同方法来实现驱动信号与来自触摸传感器面板的感测线的输出信号的同步。
在一个实施例中，触控笔可通过缆线以物理方式连接到触摸感测装置。可使用触摸感测装置上的现有端口例如音频插孔或30针插孔来进行连接。在第二实施例中，可通过无线信道例如WiFi和蓝牙使触控笔与触摸感测装置同步。在这两个实施例中，可分别通过物理信道或无线信道使驱动信号与输出信号同步。
在第三实施例中，可在传感器处执行同相/正交(IQ)解调，以避开在触控笔可充当驱动电极的触敏系统中的同步问题。图6示出了示例性感测电路610。感测电路610可感测来自触摸传感器面板的电容耦合至触控笔的导电元件的电容。触控笔感测电路610可包括用以接收来自面板的电容读数的放大器670、用以生成解调信号的时钟640、用以生成相移的解调信号的相移器645、用以使用同相解调频率分量来解调电容读数的混频器633、以及用以使用正交解调频率分量来解调电容读数的混频器687。解调的结果（即同相分量643和正交分量697）随后可用于确定与电容成比例的振幅。本质上，IQ解调可不需要使来自触控笔的驱动信号和来自触摸传感器面板的输出信号进行相位同步。然而，此实施例中可能仍然需要频率匹配，使得触控笔可正以与触摸传感器面板正在侦听的频率相同的频率被驱动。
在上文公开的实施例中，触控笔可充当触摸感测系统中的驱动电极。以下实施例公开了触控笔可充当感测电极的触摸感测系统。具体地，触控笔可充当与触摸传感器面板的近侧导电行或导电列进行电容耦合的感测元件，该近侧导电行或导电列已被激励信号激励。触控笔然后可将表示电荷耦合的信号输出至感测电路。
图7示出了作为感测电极的示例性主动式触控笔700。触控笔700可容纳连接到触控笔远端处的电极702的感测电路704。感测电路704可感测位于电极702和电容触摸传感器面板的驱动线之间的电容耦合。
感测电路704可类似于现有电容触摸传感器面板中存在的感测电路。图8示出了根据各种实施例的触控笔700的示例性感测电路704。触控笔感测电路704可包括放大器802，以接收指示来自电极702的电容读数的输入信号，并产生输出信号804。另外，感测电路704可连接到电源706，例如触控笔中内置的电池。在另一个实施例中，可由另一个电子装置（例如触摸感测装置）中的电源通过连接触控笔和该装置的缆线或通过感应耦合来供电。在另一个实施例中，触控笔可包括图6中示出的感测电路610。在另一个实施例中，触控笔可包括连接到一个或多个感测电路的多个感测电极。
充当感测电极的触控笔（例如，图7的触控笔700）可通常以与充当驱动电极的触控笔（例如，图2的触控笔200）工作的相反的方式工作。具体地，电容触摸传感器面板可接收并发射激励信号，当触控笔接触触摸传感器面板（或悬停在上方）时，这些信号可引起触控笔上的可由触控笔检测到的电荷耦合。
图9示出了示例性电容触摸传感器面板900，该面板设计用于与充当感测电极的触控笔进行交互。如图所示，电容触摸传感器面板900可同时包括驱动行(R0-R4)和驱动列(C0-C3)。尽管图9中示出了五行和四列，但应当理解，也可根据例如触摸传感器面板的尺寸和所需的触摸传感器面板的触摸分辨率来构建不同数量的驱动行和驱动列。驱动行和驱动列可类似于现有电容触摸传感面板中存在的驱动线。驱动行和驱动列可为导电的。每个驱动行和驱动列都可与触控笔中的电极进行电容耦合。可在基板同一表面上、基板的相对表面上或两个不同基板的表面上形成驱动行和驱动列。在一些实施例中，与现有电容触摸传感器面板一样，触摸传感器面板900也可包括感测列或行，以便允许触摸传感器面板检测其他物体并保留现有电容触摸传感器面板的其他功能。
图10示出了图7的主动式触控笔与图9的电容触摸传感器面板的示例性耦合。如图所示，当触控笔尖端接触（或紧邻）电容触摸传感器面板900时，如由电场线（统称为1004）所指示的电容耦合可形成于被激励的驱动列1008和尖端中的电极702之间。除此之外且作为另外一种选择，如由其他电场线（统称为1005）所指示的电容耦合可形成于被激励的驱动行1009和电极702之间。在一些实施例中，来自每个驱动行和驱动列的激励信号可进行不同地编码。这可允许触控笔中的感测电路704识别触控笔中电极702已与之电容耦合的驱动行或驱动列。根据识别出的行和列，可确定触控笔触摸的位置。
感测电路704捕获的触摸数据可由触控笔中的处理器处理，和/或传输回触摸传感器面板进行进一步处理。在一些实施例中，可通过将触控笔连接至触摸传感器面板的缆线或无线信道例如WiFi和蓝牙来发送信息。在其他实施例中，可将信息编码在从触控笔传输到触摸传感器面板的脉冲信号中，如出于所有目的全文以引用方式并入本文的此前提到的共同待审的专利申请（代理人案卷号106842042300）所公开。这些通信实施例可在图7中共同表示为通信块708。
在其他实施例中，充当触摸感测系统中的感测电极的触控笔可采用其他此前提到的共同待审的专利申请（代理人案卷号106842042200和1068420425）中公开的一个或多个特征，所述专利申请也出于所有目的全文以引用方式并入本文。
在一个实施例中，主动式触控笔可容纳驱动电路和感测电路两者，并且可包括在两个电路之间耦合的切换机构，以便根据使用触控笔的系统的要求而在驱动和感测之间进行切换。在另一个实施例中，触摸传感器面板可驱动第一轴线（列或行），并且触控笔可在该第一轴线上侦听。与此同时，触控笔可驱动第二轴线，并且触摸传感器面板可在该第二轴线上侦听。触摸传感器面板和触控笔捕获的触摸数据可进行组合，以确定触摸位置和其他触摸相关数据。
上述实施例中公开的主动式触控笔可显著改善触摸感测系统中的触控笔感测。由于这些触控笔可包括设计用于主动与触摸传感器面板的驱动线和/或感测线进行电容耦合而非阻断触摸传感器面板的电场线的电极，因此这些触控笔可具有更小的尖端，这样可使触摸感测更加精确。此外，在能够确定其表面上检测到的每个触摸区域的触摸传感器面板上，可根据主动式触控笔的较小的触摸区域将主动式触控笔与其他触摸物体区分开来。
另外，如果触控笔的尖端较小，则软件补偿可校正触摸路径中的“摆动”。当触摸路径经过触摸传感器面板上不直接位于任何感测线之上或紧邻任何感测线的点时，可产生这些“摆动”。由于这些点处的电容耦合较弱，因此触摸传感器面板所捕获的触摸位置会不准确。现有的手指操作的触摸传感器面板可使用软件算法来校正触摸路径中的那些“摆动”。然而，由于不同的用户可具有不同尺寸的手指，因此通用补偿算法可能无法很好地对来自不同手指的触摸起作用。相比较而言，来自上文公开的实施例的主动式触控笔可具有已知的点源。因此，可对软件补偿算法进行优化以对触控笔的触摸起作用，从而更好地减少触摸路径中的“摆动”。
尽管本文依据触控笔描述一些实施例，但应当理解，可根据各种实施例使用其他输入装置和/或指示装置。
尽管本文依据触摸传感器面板描述一些实施例，但应当理解，可根据各种实施例使用能够感测触摸或悬停在装置之上的物体的其他触敏装置。
图11示出了根据各种实施例的可使用触控笔的示例性计算系统。在图11的实例中，计算系统1600可包括触摸控制器1606。触摸控制器1606可以是可包括一个或多个处理器子系统1602的单个专用集成电路(ASIC)，所述一个或多个处理器子系统1602可包括一个或多个主处理器，例如ARM968处理器或具有类似功能和性能的其他处理器。然而，在其他实施例中，处理器功能可替代地由专用逻辑例如状态机来实施。处理器子系统1602还可包括外围设备（未示出），例如随机存取存储器(RAM)或其他类型的内存或存储器、监视计时器等。触摸控制器1606还可包括接收区段1607，该接收区段用于接收信号，例如一个或多个感测信道（未示出）的触摸（或感测）信号1603、来自其他传感器例如传感器1611的其他信号等。触摸控制器1606还可包括解调区段1609例如多级矢量解调引擎、面板扫描逻辑1610和传输区段1614，该传输区段用于将激励信号1616传输到触摸传感器面板1624以驱动面板。扫描逻辑1610可访问RAM1612，自主地从感测信道读取数据，并提供对感测信道的控制。此外，扫描逻辑1610可控制传输区段1614以按各种频率和相位来生成激励信号1616，可选择性地将这些信号应用到触摸传感器面板1624的行。
触摸控制器1606还可包括电荷泵1615，该电荷泵可用于产生传输区段1614的供电电压。通过将两个电荷存储装置例如电容器级联在一起形成电荷泵1615，激励信号1616可具有高于最大电压的振幅。因此，与单个电容器可处理的电压电平（例如3.6V）相比，激励电压可更高（例如6V）。尽管图11显示电荷泵1615与传输区段1614分离，但电荷泵可以是传输区段的部分。
计算系统1600可包括用于接收来自处理器子系统1602的输出并根据输出执行动作的主机处理器1628，这些动作包括但不限于：移动对象（例如光标或指针）、滚动或平移、调整控制设置、打开文件或文档、查看菜单、作出选择、执行指令、操作连接到主机装置的外围装置、接听电话呼叫、拨打电话呼叫、终止电话呼叫、改变音量或音频设置、存储与电话通信有关的例如地址、频繁拨打的号码、已接来电、未接来电的信息、登录到计算机或计算机网络、允许获得授权的个人访问计算机或计算机网络的受限区域、加载与计算机桌面的用户首选配置关联的用户配置文件、允许访问网页内容、启动特定程序、加密或解码消息和/或诸如此类。主机处理器1628还可执行可能与触摸处理无关的附加功能，并且可连接到程序存储器1632和显示装置1630例如LCD，用于为装置的用户提供UI。当部分地或全部地位于触摸传感器面板下面时，显示装置1630连同触摸传感器面板1624一起可形成触摸屏。
触摸传感器面板1624可包括具有驱动线和感测线的电容感测介质。应该指出的是，如本领域技术人员可易于理解的，术语“线”在本文中有时仅表示导电通路，并且不限于可为严格直线的结构，而是可包括改变方向的通路，并且可包括具有不同尺寸、形状、材料等的通路。驱动线可由激励信号1616驱动，而在感测线中生成的所得触摸信号1603可传输到触摸控制器1606中的接收区段1607。通过这种方式，驱动线和感测线可为可进行交互以形成电容感测节点的触摸和悬停感测电路的部分，这些节点可被视为触摸像元（触摸像素），例如触摸像素1626。当可将触摸传感器面板1624视为捕获触摸的“图像”时，这种理解方式可特别有用。换句话讲，在触摸控制器1606已经确定是否在触摸传感器面板中的每个触摸像素处检测到触摸或悬停后，发生触摸或悬停的触摸传感器面板中的触摸像素的模式可被视为触摸的“图像”（例如，手指触摸或悬停在触摸传感器面板上的模式）。
根据各种实施例的触控笔可用于接触触摸传感器面板1624。触控笔取向可为计算系统1600提供附加的信息以提高性能。
应注意，上述一项或多项功能可例如由存储在存储器（例如外围设备之一）中并且由处理器子系统1602执行的、或者由存储在程序存储器1632中并且由主机处理器1628执行的固件来执行。固件也可在任何非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质中进行存储和/或传送，以供指令执行系统、设备或装置使用，或结合指令执行系统、设备或装置来使用，例如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、设备或装置中获取指令并执行指令的其他系统。在本文档的语境中，“非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质”可以是可包含或存储程序的任何介质，所述程序供指令执行系统、设备或装置使用、或结合指令执行系统、设备或装置使用。非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质可包括但不限于电子、磁性、光学、电磁、红外或半导体系统、设备或装置、便携式计算机软盘（磁性）、随机存取存储器(RAM)（磁性）、只读存储器(ROM)（磁性）、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)（磁性）、便携式光盘（例如CD、CD-R、CD-RW、DVD、DVD-R或DVD-RW）或闪存（例如紧凑型闪存卡、安全数字卡、USB存储器装置、记忆棒等等）。
固件也可在任何传送介质中进行传播，以供指令执行系统、设备或装置使用、或结合指令执行系统、设备或装置来使用，例如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、设备或装置中获取指令并执行指令的其他系统。在本文档的语境中，“传送介质”可以是可传送、传播或传输程序的任何介质，所述程序供指令执行系统、设备或装置使用、或结合指令执行系统、设备或装置使用。传送可读介质可包括但不限于电子、磁性、光学、电磁或红外有线或无线传播介质。
应当理解，如图11中所描述的触摸传感器面板可感测根据各种实施例的触摸和悬停。此外，本文所述的触摸传感器面板可以是单点触摸或多点触摸的。
图12示出了示例性移动电话1730，该移动电话可包括触摸传感器面板1724、显示装置1736以及用于与根据各种实施例的触控笔一起使用的其他计算系统块。
图13示出了示例性数字媒体播放器1830，该数字媒体播放器可包括触摸传感器面板1824、显示装置1836以及用于与根据各种实施例的触控笔一起使用的其他计算系统块。
图14示出了示例性个人计算机1930，该个人计算机可包括触摸板1924、显示器1936以及用于与根据各种实施例的触控笔一起使用的其他计算系统块。
图12到图14的移动电话、媒体播放器和个人计算机可通过利用根据各种实施例的触控笔来改善触摸和悬停感测，并节省电力。
本发明的一些实施例涉及主动式触控笔，该主动式触控笔包括：触控笔尖端处的电极；和通电电路，其连接到电极并被配置为使电极与电容触摸传感器面板电容耦合。在其他实施例中，通电电路包括：被配置为在电极处输出驱动电压的驱动电路。在其他实施例中，主动式触控笔还包括连接到通电电路的电源，以便为通电电路供电。在其他实施例中，驱动电路还包括：用以产生驱动电压的时钟；连接到时钟并被配置为控制驱动电压的微控制器；以及连接到微控制器并被配置为调节驱动电压的放大器。在其他实施例中，通电电路包括：被配置为感测在电极处接收到的电压的感测电路。在其他实施例中，感测电路还包括用以调节感测到的电压的放大器。在其他实施例中，感测电路还包括：用以产生解调信号的时钟；用以使解调信号的相位偏移的相移器；以及一组混频器，用于接收感测到的电压以及解调信号或已相移的解调信号，以对感测到的电压进行解调。在其他实施例中，接收解调信号的混频器产生同相分量；其中接收已相移的解调信号的混频器产生正交分量；并且其中同相分量和正交分量组合，以确定与由电极形成的电容成比例的振幅。在其他实施例中，主动式触控笔结合到基于触摸的输入系统中，该系统包括：包括多根感测线在内的电容触摸传感器面板；以及连接到多根感测线的一个或多个感测信道，所述一个或多个感测信道被配置为检测电极和一根或多根感测线之间的电容变化，以确定主动式触控笔在触摸传感器面板上的触摸的位置。在其他实施例中，电极以某个频率被激励，以识别触控笔的存在。在其他实施例中，电极以识别触控笔的存在的模式而被激励。在其他实施例中，所述一个或多个感测信道包括至少一个行信道和至少一个列信道。在其他实施例中，主动式触控笔还包括：用以产生驱动电压的时钟；连接到时钟并被配置为控制驱动电压的微控制器；以及连接到微控制器并被配置为调节驱动电压的放大器。在其他实施例中，一个或多个感测信道包括：用以调节所检测到的电容耦合变化的感测放大器；用以产生解调信号的时钟；用以使解调信号的相位偏移的相移器；以及一组混频器，用于接收检测到的电容耦合变化以及解调信号或已相移的解调信号，以对感测到的电压进行解调。在其他实施例中，接收解调信号的混频器产生同相分量；其中接收已相移的解调信号的混频器产生正交分量；并且其中同相分量和正交分量组合，以确定与由驱动信道和感测信道形成的电容成比例的振幅。在其他实施例中，电容触摸传感器面板通过物理缆线或无线信道之一与触控笔进行通信。在其他实施例中，电容触摸传感器面板还包括至少一根驱动线，该驱动线被配置为生成可被至少一个感测信道感测的信号。在其他实施例中，主动式触控笔结合到基于触摸的输入系统中，该系统包括：包括多个驱动线在内的电容触摸传感器面板；以及连接到多个驱动线的一个或多个驱动信道，其中由驱动信道所激励的驱动线的身份用于确定主动式触控笔在触摸传感器面板上的触摸的位置。在其他实施例中，触控笔还包括用以调节感测到的电压的放大器。在其他实施例中，触控笔还包括：用以产生解调信号的时钟；用以使解调信号的相位偏移的相移器；以及一组混频器，用于接收感测到的电压以及解调信号或已相移的解调信号以对感测到的信号进行解调。在其他实施例中，接收解调信号的混频器产生同相分量；其中接收已相移的解调信号的混频器产生正交分量；并且其中同相分量和正交分量组合，以确定与由驱动信道和电极形成的电容成比例的振幅。在其他实施例中，电容触摸传感器面板通过物理缆线或无线信道中的一者与触控笔进行通信。在其他实施例中，可以通过唯一码来区分来自每个驱动信道的信号。
本发明的一些实施例涉及触控笔触摸检测方法，该方法包括：通过在触控笔中的通电电极和触摸传感器面板之间形成互电容，使电极与触摸传感器面板电容耦合，以检测触摸传感器面板上的触控笔触摸。在其他实施例中，该方法还包括：在通电电极处生成激励信号；并且当在触摸传感器面板中的感测线上检测到电容耦合的激励信号时，检测触摸传感器面板上的触控笔触摸。在其他实施例中，该方法还包括：在触摸传感器面板中生成激励信号；并且当在触控笔中的感测电路上检测到电容耦合的激励信号时，检测触摸传感器面板上的触控笔触摸。
尽管已结合附图对实施例进行了充分描述，但应注意，各种变化和修改对于本领域的技术人员将是显而易见的。此类变化和修改应理解为包括在所附权利要求书所限定的各种实施例的范围内。

Claims (15)

1.一种主动式触控笔，包括：
所述触控笔尖端处的电极；和
通电电路，其耦合到所述电极并被配置为使所述电极与电容触摸传感器面板电容耦合，所述通电电路包括驱动电路，所述驱动电路包括：
被配置为产生驱动电压的时钟；
连接到所述时钟并被配置为控制所述驱动电压的微控制器；以及
连接到所述微控制器并被配置为调节所述驱动电压并在所述电极处输出所述驱动电压的放大器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的主动式触控笔，还包括连接到所述通电电路以用于向所述通电电路供电的电源。
3.根据权利要求1所述的主动式触控笔，所述主动式触控笔结合到基于触摸的输入系统中，所述系统包括：
包括多根感测线在内的电容触摸传感器面板；以及
连接到所述多根感测线的一个或多个感测信道，所述一个或多个感测信道被配置为检测所述电极和一根或多根感测线之间的电容变化，以确定所述主动式触控笔在所述触摸传感器面板上的触摸的位置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的主动式触控笔，其中所述电极以某个频率被激励，以识别所述触控笔的存在。
5.根据权利要求1所述的主动式触控笔，其中所述电极以识别所述触控笔的存在的模式而被激励。
6.根据权利要求3所述的主动式触控笔，其中所述一个或多个感测信道包括至少一个行信道和至少一个列信道。
7.根据权利要求3所述的主动式触控笔，其中一个或多个感测信道包括：
被配置为调节所检测到的电容耦合变化的感测放大器；
被配置为产生解调信号的时钟；
被配置为使所述解调信号的相位偏移的相移器；以及
一组混频器，所述一组混频器被配置为接收所述解调信号或已相移的解调信号中的至少一个以及所检测到的电容耦合变化，以对所感测到的电压进行解调。
8.根据权利要求7所述的主动式触控笔，其中接收所述解调信号的所述混频器产生同相分量；
其中接收所述已相移的解调信号的所述混频器产生正交分量；以及
其中所述同相分量和所述正交分量组合，以确定与在所述电极和所述触摸传感器面板之间形成的电容成比例的振幅。
9.根据权利要求3所述的主动式触控笔，其中所述系统通过物理缆线和无线信道中的一者与所述触控笔进行通信。
10.根据权利要求3所述的主动式触控笔，其中所述电容触摸传感器面板还包括至少一根驱动线，所述至少一根驱动线被配置为生成可由所述感测信道中的至少一者所感测到的信号。
11.一种主动式触控笔，包括：
所述触控笔尖端处的电极；和
通电电路，其耦合到所述电极并被配置为使所述电极与电容触摸传感器面板电容耦合，所述通电电路包括被配置为感测所述电极处接收到的电压的感测电路，其中所述感测电路包括：
被配置为调节所感测到的电压的放大器；
被配置为产生解调信号的时钟；
被配置为使所述解调信号的相位偏移的相移器；以及
一组混频器，所述一组混频器被配置为接收所述解调信号或已相移的解调信号中的至少一个以及所感测到的电压，以对所感测到的电压进行解调。
12.根据权利要求11所述的主动式触控笔，其中接收所述解调信号的所述混频器产生同相分量；
其中接收所述已相移的解调信号的所述混频器产生正交分量；以及
其中所述同相分量和所述正交分量组合，以确定与在所述电极和所述触摸传感器面板之间形成的电容成比例的振幅。
13.一种触控笔激励方法，包括：
在所述触控笔处产生时钟信号；
利用微控制器控制所述时钟信号以产生驱动信号；
放大所述驱动信号以产生激励信号；
将所述激励信号施加在所述触控笔的通电电极处；以及
通过在所述通电电极和触摸传感器面板之间形成互电容，使所述通电电极与触摸传感器面板电容耦合。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中在所述通电电极处生成的激励信号具有与由包括所述触摸传感器面板的触摸感测装置用来激励所述触摸传感器面板的驱动线的第二频率不同的第一频率。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，还包括：
使用无线信道使所述触控笔的通电电极处的所述激励信号的产生与包括所述触摸传感器面板的触摸感测装置同步。
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