CN103201355B - 包含三嗪插入的金属磷酸盐的阻燃剂组合物 - Google Patents
包含三嗪插入的金属磷酸盐的阻燃剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103201355B CN103201355B CN201180041164.3A CN201180041164A CN103201355B CN 103201355 B CN103201355 B CN 103201355B CN 201180041164 A CN201180041164 A CN 201180041164A CN 103201355 B CN103201355 B CN 103201355B
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- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N Karpoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OZIAGPBHDKAXCU-UHFFFAOYSA-L P([O-])([O-])=O.C(C)C(C)CC.[Zn+2] Chemical compound P([O-])([O-])=O.C(C)C(C)CC.[Zn+2] OZIAGPBHDKAXCU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- DFRAXKCEWGLQNC-UHFFFAOYSA-L P([O-])([O-])=O.[Zn+2].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound P([O-])([O-])=O.[Zn+2].C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DFRAXKCEWGLQNC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium heptamolybdate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo] QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N delta1-THC Chemical group C1=C(C)CC[C@H]2C(C)(C)OC3=CC(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C3[C@@H]21 CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CZPRKINNVBONSF-UHFFFAOYSA-M zinc;dioxido(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][P+]([O-])=O CZPRKINNVBONSF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVHMUDRYVFJMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;triazine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.C1=CN=NN=C1 KVHMUDRYVFJMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VFTBSCMHCVHLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorosomethanol Chemical compound OCP=O VFTBSCMHCVHLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001394 phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004885 piperazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950000845 politef Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001627 poly(4-methyl styrene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003055 poly(ester-imide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003251 poly(α-methylstyrene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008885 polyglycolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002215 polytrimethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003229 sclerosing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002730 succinyl group Chemical group C(CCC(=O)*)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XGFPOHQJFNFBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-B tetraaluminum;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XGFPOHQJFNFBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHXAZZQXWJJBHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylbismuthane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Bi](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZHXAZZQXWJJBHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001862 ultra low molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J zinc pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D251/40—Nitrogen atoms
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D251/40—Nitrogen atoms
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- C07D251/56—Preparation of melamine
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
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- C07D251/40—Nitrogen atoms
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- C07D251/70—Other substituted melamines
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D487/16—Peri-condensed systems
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/657163—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom
- C07F9/657172—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom the ring phosphorus atom and one oxygen atom being part of a (thio)phosphinic acid ester: (X = O, S)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种阻燃剂组合物,其包含(a)至少一种插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐,其具有至少一个下面通式(I)的单体单元的开放框架结构:(A – H)a (+) [Mb m+ (H2PO4)x1 (‑) (HPO4)x2 2(‑) (PO4)x3 3(‑) (PO3)y (‑)](a‑) *pH2O(I)和(b)至少一种不是(a)的阻燃剂成份。本发明还涉及其用途、通式(I)的特定化合物及其制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含具有开放框架结构的插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐的阻燃剂组合物、其用途、其金属磷酸盐及其制备方法。
技术背景
已知例如经由离子交换而生产的亲有机硅酸盐片可以作为填充材料使用于热塑性材料及用于热固性材料而得到纳米复合材料。在使用合适的有机硅酸盐片作为填充材料的情形下,在此方式下生产的模制品的物理及机械性质可以大幅改善。特别有价值的是增加硬度且至少有相同的韧性。特别良好的性质是经由包含剥离形式的硅酸盐片的纳米复合材料所展现。这些纳米复合材料优选作为阻燃剂或作为增效剂使用。
WO-A00/44669公开了亲有机硅酸盐片,其是经由将天然或合成的硅酸盐片或此硅酸盐的混合物用任选的季化的环状三聚氰胺化合物的盐或此盐的混合物处理而制备。
类似的考虑也应适用于具有开放框架结构的亲有机金属磷酸盐(见"A Review ofOpen Framework Structures",Annu.Rev.Mater.Sci.1996,26,135-151中所定义的),尤其是插入三聚氰胺的那些化合物(也称为包合化合物;参见,Chemielexikon,9thed.,1995,G.Thieme,Vol.3,p.2005)中所定义的)。
文献中揭示了不具有开放框架结构的多种三聚氰胺磷酸盐类,例如Magn.Reson.Chem.2007,45,p.231-246.中的三聚氰胺正磷酸盐,J.Phys.Chem.B2004,108,15069-15076中的双三聚氰胺二(焦)磷酸盐及J.Phys.Chem.B2005,109,13529-13537中的三聚氰胺多磷酸盐。其中在二次文献中提到其作为阻燃剂的用途。
WO-A2009/015772中公开了某些三聚氰胺金属磷酸盐。但是,根据经由铝化合物显示,这些化合物只具有有限的固有(热)稳定性,其不足以掺混至聚酰胺类内(参见实施例7及8)。
三聚氰胺-插入(层化)的磷酸锆已知自Solid State Sciences2009,11,1007-1015。但是其中没有揭示使用其作为聚合物添加剂,尤其是作为阻燃剂。其他三聚氰胺-插入层化的(金属)磷酸盐没有在文献中记载。
插入α,ω-烷二胺类至(层化)的三磷酸铝在J.Inclusion Phenomena andMacrocyclic Chem.1999,34401-412中公开。
三磷酸铝的层结构记载在Chem.Commun.2006,747-749中。乙二胺-磷酸锌加成物的开放网络结构在Zeolites and Related Microporous Materials1994,2229-2236中已知。
在US5994435及US6207735中请求保护乙二胺双(磷酸锌)作为阻燃剂。JP8269230揭示胺-磷酸锌其也包括阴离子HPO4、H2PO4、Zn2(HPO4)3及Zn4[(PO4)2(HPO4)2]。申请案JP9040686、JP10259275、JP11152373、JP11199708、JP11246754、JP11269187、JP11293155、JP2000063562、JP2000063563、JP2000154283、JP2000154287、JP2000154324及JP2001031408揭示用于制备乙二胺-磷酸锌的特定具体实施例及组合的方法。但是,这些方法是不经济的,因为使用过量的H3PO4或是由Zn(en)3复合物制备。JP9169784及JP2001011462公开二亚乙基三胺或哌嗪磷酸锌复合物作为阻燃剂。
Angew.Chem.1999,111,3466-3492中公开了具有开放框架结构的无机磷酸盐类。
现有技术提到的化合物的缺点是有限的固有(热)稳定性及掺混至聚合物基质后产生的不利机械性质。
本发明的目的在于提供阻燃剂组合物,其具有高度的固有(热)稳定性且掺混至聚合物后具有出众的机械性质。
发明内容
本发明的目的特别是经由提供下面的阻燃剂组合物而达成的,其含有
(a)至少一种插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐,其具有至少一种下面通式(I)的单体单元:
(A-H)a (+)[Mb m+(H2PO4)x1 (-)(HPO4)x2 2(-)(PO4)x3 3(-)(PO3)y (-)](a-) *pH2O (I)
其中
(A-H)(+)是式(II-1)、(II-2)或(II-3)的三嗪衍生物
三聚氰胺(II-1) 蜜白胺(II-2)
蜜勒胺(II-3)
各M独立地是Cu、Mg、Ca、Zn、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、TiO、ZrO、VO、B、Si、Al、Sb、La、Ti、Zr、Ce或Sn;
a是1至6;
b是1至14;
m=1至4;
x1、x2、x3、y=0至12,其中至少一个变量x1、x2、x3>0且p=0至5,
其中a+mb=x1+2x2+3x3+y
及
(b)至少一种不是(a)的其他阻燃剂成份。
在本发明的一个优选具体实施例中,含有式(a)的插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐的阻燃剂组合物具有开放框架结构。该三嗪衍生物,及同样的蜜隆(melon),是氮化碳(C3N4)x的已知的化学前体。
插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐,尤其是具有开放框架结构其优选经由(水性)酸性金属磷酸盐与三聚氰胺的直接反应且随后从对应的前体物预处理而制备,在加工中展现高热稳定性并结合极佳的分散性及界面黏合作用。这些系统特性使层分离出奇地好,并结合极佳黏合至多种聚合物及填料。另外讶异的是本发明具有开放框架结构的插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐不只是用于改良聚合物的机械性质的出众的填料,还可作为阻燃剂。具有开放框架结构的插入三嗪的(金属)磷酸盐也可以包含链(带)磷酸盐(悬链型)、薄片磷酸盐(阶梯或薄层(phyllo)型-都具有1-D结构)、层状磷酸盐(具有2-D结构)或3-D磷酸盐(沸石型)。
在本发明的一个特别优选具体实施例中,在含有成份(a)的阻燃剂组合物中,(A-H)(+)=(II-1)且M=Zn或Al。
优选地,成份(b)是至少一种金属化合物,其不是成份(a)的金属磷酸盐,或/和至少一种不含金属的磷化合物。
该至少一种金属化合物(b)优选是式(III)的金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物、金属磷酸盐、金属焦磷酸盐、水滑石、阳离子或阴离子性改性的有机粘土、锡酸盐或钼酸盐、金属硼酸盐或金属膦酸盐:
(III)
其中R1及R2各是氢或直链或支链C1-C6-烷基或苯基;且Mt=Ca、Mg、Zn或Al且m=2或3,或式Mm+[H2PO2]m m-(M=Al、Ca、Mg及Zn,且m=2或3)的次磷酸盐。
有机粘土应理解为是指基于阳离子交换的有机改性的粘土矿物(主要是蒙脱石),例如三乙醇脂铵蒙脱石及三乙醇脂铵水辉石(Dr.G.Beyer;Konf.Fire Resistance inPlastics 2007)。阴离子有机粘土是基于阴阳离子交换与碱金属松脂酸盐、不饱和及饱和的脂肪酸盐、及经由长链烷基取代的磺酸盐及硫酸盐的有机改性的水滑石。
特别优选的金属氧化物是三氧化二锑、四氧化二锑、五氧化二锑或氧化锌。
特别优选的金属氢氧化物是氢氧化铝(ATH)或三水铝石(水铝矿)、铝氧化氢(伯姆石)及氢氧化镁(MDH,水镁石)、及水碳镁石。除了三水铝石及伯姆石的外,也可以举出氢氧化铝的其他多晶形物,即,三羟铝石、新三水氧化铝及水硬铝石。
优选的金属磷酸盐是金属焦磷酸盐。特别优选的是焦磷酸铝及焦磷酸锌,以及三磷酸锌及三磷酸铝,还有偏磷酸铝及正磷酸铝。
优选的水滑石是铝镁水滑石及铝钙水滑石。
在阳离子或阴离子改性的有机粘土中,特别优选的是烷基硫酸盐-或脂肪酸羧酸盐-改性的水滑石或长链四级铵-改性的粘土矿物。
在锡酸盐及钼酸盐中,特别优选的是锡酸锌、羟基锡酸锌、七钼酸铵及八钼酸铵。同样可列出的是由其他钼酸盐(包括多钼酸盐)制成的产品,例如钼酸锌钙、碱性钼酸锌及钼酸钙。
优选的硼酸盐是碱金属及碱土金属硼酸盐、及硼酸锌。硼酸盐的其他例子是硼酸铝、硼酸钡、硼酸钙、硼酸镁、硼酸锰、硼酸三聚氰胺、硼酸钾及硼磷酸锌。
在金属膦酸盐(metal phosphinates)中,优选的是膦酸钙、膦酸镁、膦酸锌或膦酸铝。特别优选的是苯基(苯)膦酸钙、苯基(苯)膦酸镁、苯基(苯)膦酸锌或苯基(苯)膦酸铝及二乙基(乙烷)膦酸钙、二乙基(乙烷)膦酸镁、二乙基(乙烷)膦酸锌或二乙基(乙烷)膦酸铝。
在次磷酸盐中,特别优选的是镁、钙、锌及铝盐。
本发明进一步优选的是涉及阻燃剂组合物,其含有至少一种无金属的磷化合物作为成份(b)。
该至少一种无金属的磷化合物(b)是红磷、低聚磷酸酯、低聚膦酸酯、环状膦酸酯、硫代焦磷酸酯、三聚氰胺焦磷酸酯、三聚氰胺聚磷酸酯、聚磷酸铵、聚磷酸三聚氰铵苯基膦酸盐(melaminium phenylphosphonate)及其单酯盐(WO2010/063623)、三聚氰胺苯膦酸盐(melamine benzenephosphinate)(WO2010/057851)、羟基烷基膦氧化物(WO2009/034023)、四(羟甲基)鏻盐及磷杂环戊烷或磷杂环戊二烯衍生物,及含有哌嗪作为桥接成员的双磷酰胺酯或亚磷酸酯。
低聚磷酸酯是式(IV)或式(V):
(IV)
(V)
其中各R独立地是氢、C1-C4烷基或羟基,n是1至3且o是1至10。
特别优选的寡聚物是其中Rn=H且间苯二酚或对苯二酚作为桥接成员的组成,及Rn=H且双酚A或双酚F作为桥接成员的组成。
低聚膦酸酯优选是式(VI):
(VI)
其中R3=甲基或苯基且x是1至20,且R、n各根据上面的定义。特别优选的寡聚物是其中Rn=H且间苯二酚或对苯二酚作为桥接成员的组成。
环状膦酸酯优选具有下式(VII):
(VII)
其中Y=0或2。特别优选的是双[5-乙基-2-甲基-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己-5-基甲基]甲基膦酸酯P,P’-二氧化物。
硫代焦磷酸酯优选具有下式(VIII):
(VIII)
特别优选的是2,2’-氧基双[5,5-二甲基-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己基]2,2’-二硫化物。
在羟基烷基膦氧化物中,优选的是异丁基双(羟基甲基)膦氧化物以及其与环氧树脂的组合物(WO-A2009/034023)。
在四(羟基烷基)磷盐中,特别优选的是四(羟基甲基)磷盐。
在磷杂环戊烷或磷杂环戊二烯衍生物中,特别优选的是二氢磷杂环戊二烯(氧化物)衍生物及磷杂环戊烷(氧化物)衍生物,以及其盐类(EP089296及EP1024166)。
特别优选的双磷酰胺酯是含有哌嗪作为桥接成员的双(二邻二甲苯基)酯类。
在亚膦酸酯中优选的是苯亚膦酸苯酯及PH-官能化的衍生物及其DOPO衍生物。
DOPO衍生物(9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲10-氧化物或6H-二苯并(c,e)(1,2-邻杂菲6-氧化物(优选的是PH-官能化的衍生物))包括结构如下的化合物(参见WO-A2008/119693):
特别优选的是:
DOPO也可以经由二氢氧杂磷蒽(酮)氧化物替代。其综述可见于WO-A2008/119693。
其他添加剂(增效剂)包括:多元醇类、胺基尿嘧啶、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯(THEIC)、三聚氰胺(异)氰脲酸酯、POSS化合物及膨胀石墨。
在多元醇中,特别优选的是新戊四醇、二新戊四醇及三新戊四醇。
在胺基尿嘧啶中,特别优选的是1-甲基-6-胺基尿嘧啶及1,3-二甲基-6-胺基尿嘧啶。
在POLYMER,Vol.46,pp7855-7866中详细揭示了POSS化合物(多面体低聚硅氧烷)及衍生物。优选的是以甲基硅氧烷为主的POSS衍生物。
此外,也可能存在三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯聚对苯二甲酸酯,以及含有哌嗪-1,4-二基桥接成员及吗啉-1-基末端基团的三嗪聚合物。
此外,可以存在下列添加剂:双嗪新戊四醇基二磷酸盐、六芳氧基三偶磷氮、聚芳氧基三偶磷氮及硅氧烷(R2SiO)r或(RSiO1.5)r。
金属氧化物是例如二氧化钛、二氧化硅;粘土矿物例如高岭土、白云母、叶蜡石、膨润土及滑石,及其他矿物例如硅灰石、石英、云母、长石。
此外,白云石、膨润土、碳酸钙镁石或二氧化硅及天然或合成的其硅酸盐矿物,也可能存在于聚合物中。
而且,除了至少一种本发明的金属磷酸盐的外,泡沫形成剂可以添加至聚合物中。泡沫形成剂包括:三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂、尿素衍生物例如尿素、硫脲、胍胺、苯代三聚氰胺、乙酰基胍胺及琥珀酰基胍胺、双氰胺、胍及胺基磺酸胍,及其他胍盐或尿囊素及甘脲。
而且,含有至少一种本发明金属磷酸盐的聚合物也可以含有抗流滴剂,尤其是基于聚四氟乙烯的抗流滴剂。以加工的聚合物为基准,该抗流滴剂的浓度是0.01至15重量%。
此外,也可能加入其他成份至含有至少一种本发明金属磷酸盐的聚合物,实例是填料及增强剂例如玻璃纤维、玻璃珠或矿物添加剂例如白垩。其他添加剂可以是抗氧化剂、光线稳定剂、润滑剂、颜料、成核剂及抗静电剂。
本发明还涉及本发明的包含具有开放框架结构的本发明插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐在聚合物、纸、织物或木塑料复合材料(WPCs)中作为阻燃剂的用途。
本发明的阻燃剂是非常合适赋予合成聚合物尤其是热塑性聚合物具有防燃性质。
本发明的一个特定的具体实施例涉及至少一种本发明金属磷酸盐在聚合物中作为阻燃剂的用途,该聚合物是热塑塑料,其优选选自由聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、ABS及聚胺酯组成的组,或热固塑料其优选选自由环氧树脂(含有硬化剂)、酚醛树脂及三聚氰胺树脂组成的组。
如果其中至少一种本发明金属磷酸盐是作为阻燃剂使用的聚合物是热塑塑料,其优选是聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚烯烃或聚酯。
如果其中至少一种本发明金属磷酸盐是作为阻燃剂使用的聚合物是热固塑料,其优选是环氧树脂。
也可能使用一种或多种聚合物的混合物,尤其是热塑塑料及/或热固材料,其中本发明金属磷酸盐是作为阻燃剂使用。
此种聚合物的实例是:
1)单-及二烯烃类的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁烯-1、聚-4-甲基戊烯-1、聚乙烯环己烷、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,及环烯烃类的聚合物,例如环戊烯或冰片烯及聚乙烯(包括交联化),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或高分子量高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、超高分子量的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)及直链低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)及(ULDPE),及乙烯与醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物。
2)聚苯乙烯、聚(对甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
3)聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯与(甲基)丙烯腈的共聚物及接枝共聚物,例如ABS及MBS。
4)卤化聚合物,例如聚氯丁二烯、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)、氯乙烯/偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯或氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物。
5)聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯酰胺及聚丙烯腈(PAN)。
6)不饱和醇类与胺类或其酰基衍生物或缩醛的聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚醋酸乙烯酯、硬脂酸酯、苯甲酸酯或马来酸酯聚乙烯丁醛、聚酞酸烯丙酯及聚烯丙基三聚氰胺。
7)环状醚类的均聚物及共聚物,例如聚烯烃基二醇、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷及其与聚乙二醇缩水甘油醚类的共聚物。
8)聚缩醛例如聚甲醛(POM)、及聚胺酯-与丙烯酸酯-改性的聚缩醛类。
9)聚苯醚及硫化物,及其与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺类的混合物。
10)衍生自二胺类及二羧酸及/或自胺基羧酸或对应的内酰胺的聚酰胺及共聚酰胺类,例如尼龙4、尼龙6、尼龙6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12、12/12、尼龙11、尼龙12,衍生自间苯二甲胺及己二酸的芳族聚酰胺,及用EPDM或ABS改性的共聚酰胺类。聚酰胺及共聚酰胺是衍生自ε-己内酰胺、己二酸、癸二酸、十二烷酸、异酞酸、对苯二甲酸、己二胺、丁二胺、2-甲基戊二胺、2,2,4-三甲基己二胺、2,4,4-三甲基己二胺、间苯二甲胺或双(3-甲基-4-胺基环己基)甲烷。
11)聚脲、聚亚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酯酰亚胺、聚乙内酰脲及聚苯并咪唑类。
12)衍生自二羧酸及二醇及/或羟基羧酸或对应的内酯的聚酯类,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚对苯二甲酸-1,4-二甲基环己酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PAN)及聚羟基苯甲酸酯、聚乳酸酯及聚羟三乙酸酯。
13)聚碳酸酯及聚酯。
14)聚酮类。
15)上述聚合物的混合物或合金,例如PP/EPDM、PA/EPDM或ABS、PVC/EVA、PVC/ABS、PBC/MBS、PC/ABS、PBTP/ABS、PC/AS、PC/PBT、PVC/CPE、PVC/丙烯酸酯、POM/热塑性PU、PC/热塑性PU、POM/丙烯酸酯、POM/MBS、PPO/HIPS、PPO/N6,6及共聚物、PA/HDPE、PA/PP、PA/PPO、PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC、以及TPE-O、TPE-S及TPE-E。
16)热固塑料例如PF、MF或UF或其混合物。
17)环氧树脂-热塑塑料及热固塑料。
18)酚醛树脂。
19)以PLA、PHB及淀粉为基质的木塑复合材料(WPC)及聚合物。
基于待加工的聚合物,要求保护的至少一种三嗪插入的金属磷酸盐(a)及成份(b)在聚合物或聚合物混合物中的浓度优选是0.1至60重量%。
经由加入至少一种本发明的金属磷酸盐而具有火焰防燃性的物质,可经加工而得到纤维、膜、铸造对象及用于处理表面。
该至少一种本发明的金属磷酸盐也可以用于纤维、膜、织物或其他工业材料的表面处理(浸渍)。
本发明还涉及本发明的具有开放架构结构的插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐在生产油漆、粘着剂、浇铸树脂、涂料、触变剂及阻燃剂用于聚合物的用途。
据此,本发明的另一个方面是本发明组合物在聚合物、纸、织物或木塑复合材料(WPC)中作为阻燃剂的用途。具体地说,该聚合物是热塑塑料,优选选自包括聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、ABS及聚胺酯,或是热固塑料,优选选自由环氧树脂、酚醛树脂及三聚氰胺树脂组成的组。
本发明还涉及至少一种本发明的金属磷酸盐在聚合物中作为填料的用途。
本发明的另一个方面是通式(I)化合物
(A-H)a (+)[Mb m+(H2PO4)x1 (-)(HPO4)x2 2(-)(PO4)x3 3(-)(PO3)y (-)](a-) *pH2O (I)
其中
(A-H)(+)是式(II-1、II-2或II-3)的三嗪衍生物
三聚氰胺(II-1) 蜜白胺(II-2)
蜜勒胺(II-3)
各M=Al;
a是2;
b是1;
m是3;
x1=0或1,x2=0或2,x3=1或0,y=2或0且p是0至5且其中a+mb=x1+2x2+3x3+y。
本发明还提供制备本发明的金属磷酸盐的方法,其中物质(A)是与式Ha (+)[Mb m+(H2PO4)x1 (-)(HPO4)x2 2(-)(PO4)x3 3(-)(PO3)y (-)](a-) *pH2O的酸性金属磷酸盐反应。
具体地说,本发明涉及一种用于制备上述化合物的方法,步骤包括化合物(A),其中(A)是式(II-4)、(II-5)或(II-6)的三嗪
(II-4)三聚氰胺 (II-5)蜜白胺
(II-6)蜜勒胺
与式Ha (+)[Mb m+(H2PO4)x1 (-)(HPO4)x2 2(-)(PO4)x3 3(-)(PO3)y (-)](a-) *pH2O的酸性金属磷酸盐反应,其中各M=Al。
在根据本发明用于制备本发明金属磷酸盐的方法,反应可以在水中且优选在20及90℃之间进行,更优选在20及60℃之间且最优选在20及40℃之间进行。
本发明还提供可以经由上述根据本发明的方法获得的化合物。
更具体地说,该实验式化合物的特征是三聚氰胺磷酸铝[(三聚氰胺-H)2+[AlP3O10]2(-)]z,具有下列31PMAS NMR 位移(δ值):+6.2ppm、+3.7ppm、+2.0ppm、-2.5ppm、-5.5ppm、-8.2ppm、-10.7ppm、-12.1ppm、-22.2ppm及-24.7ppm。
制备特定的金属磷酸盐可以例如经由在混合机中预先混合粉末及/或颗粒的形式且随后在聚合物熔融物经由混合(例如在双螺杆挤出机的装置中)而均匀化。该金属磷酸盐也可以在加工的过程中直接添加。
用于制备具有开放框架结构的至少一种插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐的金属磷酸盐包括尤其是下式的薄层磷酸盐
M(H2PO4)3及M(H2PO4)2(M=Al、La、Zn或Mn)或
M(HPO4)2*nH2O或
M(H2PO4)(PO4)*nH2O(M=Ti、Zr、Sn及Ce)及
缩合的磷酸盐例如式H2AlP3O10及H2ZnP2O7的三磷酸盐或焦磷酸盐。
但是,该系统的最佳制备经由与作为模板的三聚氰胺在水性酸性金属盐溶液中反应。替代方法包括三嗪磷酸盐与水性金属盐溶液反应(根据Angew.Chem.,1999,111,3688-3692)。
如此制备的具有开放框架结构的金属磷酸盐含有正磷酸盐(HxPO4型其中x=2、1或0)、焦磷酸盐或三磷酸盐作为复合物配体,质子化形式的三聚氰铵(三聚氰胺阳离子)插入晶格层的间或进入洞中并在层结构的情形下扩大层间隔。
在其他加工中,本发明的插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐掺混至合适的聚合物基质中。可以作为基质使用的合适聚合物是本身已知。对于掺混,优选是热塑性聚合物及热固性聚合物系统、橡胶及织物。
三聚氰胺优选作为插入物。
含有正磷酸盐作为配体,该新颖的插入物可以例如经由下式代表,其中(A–H)(+)(mel-H)(+)(三聚氰胺阳离子):
1.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Mn3 2(+)(PO4)2 3(-)(PO3)2 (-)(H2O)2]2(-)
2.(Mel-H)(+)[Zr4(+)(HPO4)2(-)(PO4)3(-)](-)
3.(Mel-H)(+)[Zn2(+)(PO4)3(-)(H2O)4](-)
4.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zn2(+)(H2PO4)2 (-)(HPO4)2(-)]2(-)
5.(Mel-H)(+)[Zn2 2(+)(H2PO4)2 (-)(PO4)3(-)](-)
6.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zn2 2(+)(H2PO4)2 (-)(HPO4)2 2(-)]2(-)
7.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zn6 2(+)(HPO4)2(-)(PO4)4 3(-)]2(-)
8.(Mel-H)4 (+)[Zn6 2(+)(HPO4)2 2(-)(PO4)4 3(-)]4(-)
9.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zn4 2(+)(HPO4)2 2(-)(PO4)2 3(-)]2(-)
10.(Mel-H)(+)[Zn4 2(+)(PO4)3 3(-)](-)
11.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zn2 2(+)(HPO4)3 2(-)]2(-)
12.(Mel-H)(+)[Zn2 2(+)(HPO4)2(-)(PO4)3(-)](-)
13.(Mel-H)(+)[Zn2(+)(H2PO4)(-)(HPO4)2(-)](-)
14.(Mel-H)3 (+)[Al3(+)(PO4)2 3(-)]3(-)
15.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Al5 3(+)(HPO4)2(-)(PO4)5 3(-)]2(-)
16.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Al4 3(+)(HPO4)2(-)(PO4)4 3(-)]2(-)
17.(Mel-H)(+)[Al3(+)(HPO4)2 2(-)](-)
18.(Mel-H)(+)[Al3(+)(HPO4)2 2(-)H2O](-)
19.(Mel-H)(+)[Al2 3(+)Co2(+)(PO4)3 3(-)](-)
20.(Mel-H)(+)[Co2(+)(PO4)3(-)](-)
21.(Mel-H)(+)[Sn2(+)(PO4)3(-)](-)
22.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zr2 4(+)(PO4)3 3(-)(PO3)(-)]2(-)(正-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
23.(Mel-H)4 (+)[Zn2 2(+)(PO4)3(-)(PO3)5 (-)]4(-)(偏-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
24.(Mel-H)(+)[Zn2 2(+)(PO4)3(-)(PO3)2 (-)](-)(偏-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
25.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zn2 2(+)(PO4)3(-)(PO3)3 (-)]2(-)(偏-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
26.(Mel-H)4 (+)[Zn12 2(+)(PO4)9 3(-)(PO3)(-)]4(-)(正-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
27.(Mel-H)4 (+)[Zn6 2(+)(PO4)5 3(-)(PO3)(-)]4(-)(正-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
28.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zn4 2(+)(PO4)3 3(-)(PO3)(-)]2(-)(正-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
29.(Mel-H)4 (+)[Zn4 2(+)(PO4)3 3(-)(PO3)3 (-)]4(-)(焦磷酸盐型)
30.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zn4 2(+)(PO4)3 3(-)(PO3)(-)]2(-)(正-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
31.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zn2 2(+)(PO4)3(-)(PO3)3 (-)]2(-)(偏-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
32.(Mel-H)4 (+)[Al10 3(+)(PO4)11 3(-)(PO3)(-)]4(-)(正-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
33.(Mel-H)4 (+)[Al8 3(+)(PO4)9 3(-)(PO3)(-)]4(-)(正-及焦磷酸盐组成的混合型)
34.(Mel-H)(+)[Al3(+)(PO4)3(-)(PO3)(-)](-)(焦磷酸盐型)
35.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Al3(+)(H2PO4)(-)(HPO4)2 2(-)]2(-)
36.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Zn2(+)(PO4)3(-)(PO3)(-)]2(-)(焦磷酸盐型)
37.(Mel-H)2 (+)[Al3(+)(PO4)3(-)(PO3)2 (-)]2(-)(三磷酸盐型)
其可以经由热处理而移除(复合的)水。
特别优选的是35、36、37。非常特别优选的是36、37。
本发明还提供一种用于制备火焰防燃性变形聚合物的方法,其中至少一种本发明的插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐在聚合物中剥离(exfoliate)。
本发明还提供经由涂覆金属表面而达到抗腐蚀的保护效应。
图1举例示出了从三聚氰胺在三磷酸铝(AlH2P3O10)层的插入模式的晶格部份(=三聚氰胺阳离子)。
本发明经由下面的实例而详细说明。
具体实施方式
本发明经由下面的实例而详细说明。
使用的物质:三聚氰胺(DSM)、三(磷酸二氢铝)(在水中的50%溶液)(PRAYONDeutschland)、氧化锌、正磷酸(ALDRICH)
实施例1:合成双三聚氰胺磷酸二氢铝双(磷酸二氢盐)
(产物A)-前体化合物
(C3H7N6)2 (+)[Al(H2PO4)(HPO4)2]2(-)
(a=2,M=Al,b=1,m=3,x1=1,x2=2,x3=0,y=0,p=0)
在搅拌及加热(40至60℃)下,将100.9克(0.8莫耳)三聚氰胺溶解在2.4升水中。在该溶液中,逐滴加入254.4克(0.4莫耳)三(磷酸二氢铝)(在水中的50%溶液),其形成浓稠浆。随后将其搅拌30分钟,冷却至室温,经由吸气过滤移除形成的白色沉淀物,用水清洗并在120℃干燥至恒重。产量:211.7克,相当于92.8%的理论值。
元素分析:C:12.7%(12.6%);H:3.3%(3.2%);N:29.9%(29.5%);Al:4.7%(4.7%);P:16.4%(16.3%)(理论值)
实施例2:双三聚氰胺三磷酸铝的合成
(产物B)
(C3H7N6)2 (+)[Al3(+)(PO4)3(-)(PO3)2 (-)]2(-)
(a=2,M=Al,b=1,m=3,x1=0,x2=0,x3=1,y=2,p=0)
在280℃并多次混合经5小时,将产物(A)加热至实质上恒重。所得的白色产物具有下面的组成:
元素分析:C:13.5%(13.5%);H:2.6%(2.6%);N:30.1%(31.5);Al:5.1%(5.1%);P:17.5%(17.4%)(理论值)。
31P MAS NMR位移(δ值):-10.6ppm,-22.0ppm,-24.5ppm及-27.6ppm(见图2)。此处图2示出了双三聚氰胺三磷酸铝(产物B)的定量31PNMR光谱(νMAS=20KHz,1H-去偶合化)。
27Al NMR光谱:唯一位移约在40ppm(见图4,νMAS=20KHz)。
比较实施例3:合成三三聚氰胺三(磷酸氢铝)二水合物
(产物C)-前体化合物
(C3H7N6)3 (+)[Al(HPO4)3]3(-) *2H2O
(a=3,M=Al,b=1,m=3,x1=0,x2=3,x3=0,y=0,p=2)
在搅拌及加热下,将94.6克(0.75莫耳)三聚氰胺溶解在2.3升水中。在此溶液中逐滴加入159.0克(0.25莫耳)三(磷酸二氢铝)(在水中的50%溶液),其形成大量稠浆。随后将其搅拌30分钟,冷却至室温,经由吸气过滤移除形成的白色沉淀物,用水清洗两次并在120℃干燥至恒重。产量:174.0克,相当于95.0%的理论值。
元素分析:C:14.8%(14.8%);H:3.5%(3.9%);N:33.8%(34.4%)(理论值)。
实施例4:从产物C进行合成产物B
根据实施例3制备产物C,但是随后在210℃热处理经5小时,从而得到三三聚氰胺三(磷酸二氢铝)单水合物前体。
(C3H7N6)3 (+)[Al(HPO4)3]3(-) *H2O
产量:165.7克,相当于92.8%的理论值。
元素分析:C:15.1%(15.1%);H:4.3%(3.7%);N:35.1%(35.3%);(理论值)。
经由重新在280℃加热6小时,重量减少25%,从该前体得到产物B。如此得到双三聚氰胺三磷酸铝(C3H7N6)2 (+)[Al3(+)(PO4)3(-)(PO3)2 (-)]2(-)(定量产量)。
元素分析:C:13.4%(13.5%);H:4.0%(2.6%);N:29.7%(31.5%);(理论值)。
由此证实藉由使用产物C可为另一达成产物B的途径。然而,由于所使用的三分之一的三聚氰胺会由热处理被再次移除,因此此方法实际上不经济。
但是,如果省略热处理,因为大量三聚氰胺升华,并入聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯与聚酯会极为复杂。在使用根据实施例2所制备的产物B时,并未发生这种困难。
实施例5:双三聚氰胺二磷酸锌
(产物D)
(C3H7N6)2 (+)[Zn2(+)(PO4)3(-)(PO3)(-)]2(-)
(a=2,M=Zn,b=1,m=2,x1=0,x2=0,x3=1,y=1,p=0)
将经由上述方法所得的产物D在280℃干燥5小时,重量减少约6.0%。
元素分析:C:15.1%(14.6%);H:2.8%(2.9%);N:34.0%(34.1%);Zn:12.6%(13.3%);P:12.2%(12.2%)(理论值)。
31P MAS NMR位移(δ值):+6.2ppm,+3.7ppm,+2.0ppm,-2.5ppm,-5.5ppm,-8.2ppm,-10.7ppm,-12.1ppm,-22.2ppm及-24.7ppm.(见图3)。图3示出了双三聚氰胺二磷酸锌(产物D)的定量31P NMR光谱(νMAS=20KHz)。
实施例6:前体产物A及C的静电热处理:
结果总结在表1重。
表1:前体产物的热处理
产物A(%) | 产物C(%) | |
100 | 100 | |
200°C/2小时 | 94.9 | 93.9 |
240°C/2小时 | 91.4 | 86.0 |
280°C/2小时 | 89.5 | 82.4 |
300°C/2小时 | 85.9 | 77.7 |
300°C/4小时 | 82.7 | 76.0 |
从表1清楚地看出本发明产物A比现有技术产物C(WO-A2009/015772)更加热稳定。该表现因为不可预见而令人惊讶。
实施例7:热处理产物B、D及MPP(三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐,先前技艺)的静电热处理:
结果总结在表2中。
表2:热处理产物的热处理
产物B(%) | 产物D(%) | 产物MPP(%) | |
100 | 100 | 100 | |
200°C/2小时 | 99.8 | 99.2 | 99.1 |
240°C/2小时 | 99.5 | 98.9 | 98.9 |
280°C/2小时 | 98.3 | 97.4 | 98.0 |
300°C/2小时 | 94.3 | 94.1 | 91.3 |
300°C/4小时 | 89.7 | 92.7 | 83.7 |
从表2清楚地看出本发明产物B及D比现有技术MPP更加热稳定。该表现因为不可预见而令人惊讶。
在PVC中的性能测试
I.碾磨的薄层的制备
将根据表1制备的干燥混合物(R-1、R-2)各在Collin分析实验室辊压机(型式:W100E,生产:2005,从COLLIN)中在指定的温度(辊直径:110毫米,15rpm,摩擦:-15%)下塑化5分钟。将由此获得的膜(厚度0.3毫米)送至进一步测试。
II.进行静电热测试(SHT):
从根据I的碾磨的薄层切出测试条(15毫米x15毫米)。将此在指定温度的METRASTAT IR700测试炉(DR.STAPFER GmbH,Düsseldorf)中加压直到明显褪色。随后,用Spectro-Guide比色计(从BYK-GARDNER)根据DIN53381测定YI(黄色指数)并与未经加压的碾磨薄层的YI比较(零分钟值)。结果以表格形式总结。在特定时间的YI愈小,颜色特征优选。
III.进行火焰防燃测试:
将上面生产的碾磨薄层加工而得到压砖(120x100x3毫米)并根据UL94进行火焰防燃测试。UL94测试在"Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices andAppliances",5th版,October,1996中公开。
IV.测定机械性质:
根据ASTM D412经由Instron5569(5kN侧边作用握把)测定机械性质。
V.进行NMR测量:
在配备4.7T磁棒及2.5毫米转子双共振样本头的Bruker Avance II200固态MAS光谱仪中,在魔角旋转(magic angle spinning)条件(MAS)下进行全部的测量。使用的旋转频率νMAS指明在对应的测量中。相对于目前经由IUPAC建议的参考物质报导化学位移(27Al:1.1M Al(NO3)3在D2O中;31P:85%磷酸)并藉助从TMS质子共振的标准位移尺度进行光谱校正。
测试下面的制剂:
实施例8:在可弯曲的PVC中测试:
制备下面干燥混合物(表3)-以重量份计的起始重量:
表3:制剂
1)酸二异壬酯,ex BASF
2)Sorbacid911,ex SüD CHEMIE
3)三氢氧化铝,APYRAL40CD,ex NABALTEC
从表3清楚地看出本发明制剂(R-2)与现有技术实施例(R-1)相当。
表4:根据II的SHT(200℃)
时间[分钟] | (R-1) | (R-2) |
3 | 10.3 | 5.8 |
6 | 10.0 | 5.5 |
9 | 11.0 | 5.7 |
12 | 11.5 | 6.4 |
15 | 12.9 | 7.4 |
18 | 13.9 | 8.6 |
21 | 15.5 | 10.3 |
24 | 18.8 | 12.7 |
27 | 22.0 | 15.8 |
30 | 25.8 | 19.3 |
33 | 31.7 | 24.9 |
36 | 40.3 | 33.3 |
39 | 52.9 | 44.5 |
42 | 70.5 | 62.7 |
45 | 95.3 | 76.7 |
48 | 110.8 | 85.5 |
51 | 117.2 | 89.2 |
54 | 118.4 | 90.9 |
时间[分钟] | (R-1) | (R-2) |
57 | 117.6 | 91.3 |
60 | 115.72 | 92.4 |
从表4清楚地看出本发明制剂(R-2)具有明显较佳的颜色特性,尤其是关于起始颜色,优于非本发明的制剂(R-1)。
表5:机械性质
拉伸强度[MPa] | 破坏应变[%] | 杨氏模数[MPa] | |
(R-1) | 13.64 | 331.38 | 33.59 |
(R-2) | 15.24 | 368.45 | 25.27 |
表5示出了本发明制剂(R-2)的机械性质与现有技术(R-1)比较,确实得到改善。
Claims (26)
1.阻燃剂组合物,所述组合物含有:
(a)至少一种插入三嗪的金属磷酸盐,其具有至少一种下面通式(I)的单体单元:
(A–H)a (+)[Mb m+ (H2PO4)x1 (-) (HPO4)x2 2(-) (PO4)x3 3(-) (PO3)y (-)](a-)*pH2O (I)
其中
(A–H)(+)是式(II-1)、(II-2)或(II-3)的三嗪衍生物
各M独立地是Cu、Mg、Ca、Zn、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、TiO、ZrO、VO、B、Si、Al、Sb、La、Ti、Zr、Ce或Sn;
a是1至6;
b是1至14;
m=1至4;
x1、x2、x3、y=0至12,其中至少一个变量x1、x2、x3>0且p=0至5,
其中a+mb=x1+2x2+3x3+y,
其中x3和y是0且x1>0,
和
(b)至少一种不是(a)的其他阻燃剂成份,其特征在于,该至少一种其他成份(b)为不是成份(a)的金属磷酸盐的金属化合物,或/及至少一种无金属的磷化合物,其中该至少一种金属化合物(b)是金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物、金属磷酸盐、金属焦磷酸盐、水滑石、阳离子或阴离子性改性的有机粘土、锡酸盐或钼酸盐、金属硼酸盐或式(III)的金属膦酸盐:
其中R1及R2各是氢或直链或支链C1-C6-烷基或苯基;且Mt=Ca、Mg、Zn或Al且m=2或3;其中该至少一种无金属的磷化合物(b)是红磷、低聚磷酸酯、低聚膦酸酯、环状膦酸酯、硫代焦磷酸酯、三聚氰胺聚磷酸酯或聚磷酸铵、羟基烷基膦氧化物、四(羟甲基)鏻盐、磷杂环戊烷(氧化物)衍生物或二氢磷杂茂(氧化物)衍生物、或亚磷酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,(A-H)(+)=(II-1)且M=Zn或Al。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种金属化合物(b)是三氧化二锑、四氧化二锑、五氧化二锑或氧化锌。
4.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种金属化合物(b)是氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝或单氢氧化铝。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种金属化合物(b)是水镁石、三水铝石或软水铝石。
6.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种金属化合物(b)是水合铝酸碳酸镁或水合铝酸碳酸钙。
7.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种金属化合物(b)是烷基硫酸盐-或脂肪酸羧酸盐-改性的水滑石或长链季铵-改性的粘土矿物。
8.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种金属化合物(b)是七钼酸铵、八钼酸铵、锡酸锌或羟基锡酸锌。
9.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种金属化合物(b)是碱金属硼酸盐、碱土金属硼酸盐或硼酸锌。
10.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种金属化合物(b)是膦酸钙、膦酸镁、膦酸锌或膦酸铝、苯基(苯)膦酸钙、苯基(苯)膦酸镁、苯基(苯)膦酸锌或苯基(苯)膦酸铝、或二乙基(乙烷)膦酸钙、二乙基(乙烷)膦酸镁、二乙基(乙烷)膦酸锌或二乙基(乙烷)膦酸铝。
11.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种无金属的磷化合物是式(IV)或式(V)的低聚磷酸酯:
其中各R独立地是氢、C1–C4烷基或羟基,n是1至3且o是1至10。
12.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种无金属的磷化合物是式(VI)的低聚膦酸酯:
其中R3=甲基或苯基且x是1至20,且R、n分别根据权利要求11进行定义。
13.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种无金属的磷化合物是式(VII)的环状膦酸酯:
其中y=0或2。
14.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种无金属的磷化合物是式(VIII)的硫代焦磷酸酯:
15.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该至少一种无金属的磷化合物是存在为式(IX)或(X)的苯单苯基酯衍生物形式的亚磷酸酯或9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲10-氧化物或6H-二苯并(c,e)(1,2)邻杂菲6-酮衍生物:
16.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,另外存在多元醇类和/或胺基尿嘧啶和/或POSS化合物和/或三羟基乙基异氰脲酸酯和/或三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯和/或膨胀石墨。
17.根据权利要求16的组合物,其特征在于,该多元醇类是新戊四醇、二新戊四醇或三新戊四醇,胺基尿嘧啶是1,3-二甲基-6-胺基尿嘧啶且POSS化合物基于甲氧基硅烷。
18.根据权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征在于,以待加工的聚合物的重量计,该至少一种三嗪插入的金属磷酸盐(a)及成份(b)在聚合物或聚合物混合物中的浓度是0.1至60wt%。
19.根据权利要求1或2的组合物的在聚合物、纸、织物或木塑复合材料中作为阻燃剂的用途。
20.根据权利要求19的用途,其特征在于,该聚合物是热塑塑料或热固塑料。
21.根据权利要求20的用途,其特征在于,该聚合物是选自由聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、ABS及聚胺酯组成的组的热塑塑料,或该聚合物是选自由环氧树脂、酚醛树脂及三聚氰胺树脂组成的组的热固塑料。
22.一种通式(I)的化合物,
(A-H)a (+) [Mb m+ (H2PO4)x1 (-) (HPO4)x2 2(-) (PO4)x3 3(-) (PO3)y (-)](a-)*pH2O
(I)
其中(A-H)(+)是式(II-1、II-2或II-3)的三嗪衍生物
各M=Al;
a是2;
b是1;
m是3;
x1=0或1,x2=0或2,x3=1或0,y=2或0且p是0至5且其中a+mb=x1+2x2+3x3+y。
23.一种用于制备根据权利要求22的化合物的方法,其步骤包括使化合物(A)与式Ha (+)[Mb m+ (H2PO4)x1 (-) (HPO4)x2 2(-) (PO4)x3 3(-)(PO3)y (-)](a-)*pH2O的酸性金属磷酸盐反应,其中(A)是式(II-4)、(II-5)或(II-6)的三嗪,
其中各M=Al。
24.根据权利要求23的方法,其特征在于,该反应是在水中且在20及90℃之间进行。
25.根据权利要求24的方法,其特征在于,该反应是在水中且在20及60℃之间进行。
26.根据权利要求25的方法,其特征在于,该反应是在水中且在20及40℃之间进行。
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