CN102547108A - 自动聚焦光学成像装置 - Google Patents

自动聚焦光学成像装置 Download PDF

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CN102547108A
CN102547108A CN2011103916213A CN201110391621A CN102547108A CN 102547108 A CN102547108 A CN 102547108A CN 2011103916213 A CN2011103916213 A CN 2011103916213A CN 201110391621 A CN201110391621 A CN 201110391621A CN 102547108 A CN102547108 A CN 102547108A
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CN102547108B (zh
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T·科奇奥尔
A·埃普廷
S·P·德罗格
J·贝克
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Hand Held Products Inc
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    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
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    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种自动聚焦光学成像器。一种光学成像器，其包括：用于捕获目标的图像和输出图像信号的图像传感器；用于根据透镜位置将目标聚焦于图像传感器上的透镜；存储根据预定目标尺寸确定的预定透镜位置的存储器；和控制器，用于基于所捕获的图像确定当前的目标尺寸和通过将当前目标尺寸与预定目标尺寸关联而把透镜定位在预定透镜位置处。

Description

自动聚焦光学成像装置
技术领域
本发明涉及光学成像装置，且更特别涉及具有改进的透镜聚焦系统的光学成像装置。
背景技术
光学成像装置利用图像传感器从目标接收光，所述图像传感器输出由处理器进行解释的图像数据，所述处理器执行信号和/或图像处理。
经常地，光学成像器实质上可以是便携且无线的，由此提供了增加的灵活性。在这些情况下，这样的成像器形成无线网络的一部分，在该无线网络中，收集在终端内的数据经由无线链路被传送到位于硬接线中枢(backbone)上的主机计算机。例如，成像器可以包括用于与远程计算机通信的无线电设备或者收发机。
与这样的系统有关的努力已经导致不断的开发来改进它们的多功能性、实用性和效率。
附图说明
图1是示例性光学成像系统的框图。
图2是具有成像模块的示例性光学成像器的断片部分剖面侧视图。
图3是示例性光学成像器的示意框图。
图4是示例性成像模块组件的透视装配图。
图5是示例性成像模块组件的透视装配图。
图6是操作光学成像器的示例性方法的流程图。
图7是操作光学成像器的示例性方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考在附图中图示的示例性实施例。其他实施例可以以各种形式，并且这些示例性实施例不应当被认为是被限制为本文所阐述的实施例。相反，对这些代表性实施例进行详细描述以使得此公开内容将是透彻且完整的，以及将向本领域技术人员充分传达范围、结构、操作、功能性和潜在的适用性。只要有可能，遍及附图将使用相同的附图标记来指代相同或同样的部件。本文所使用的术语“扫描”或“扫查”指的是从信息承载光学(或者符号)成像或者提取数据。本文所使用的术语成像指的是电子图像的拍摄、捕获或者产生。
图1图示了示例性成像系统配置，其中，在存在信息承载光学(informationbearing optical，IBI)的地方，可以操作和利用多个光学成像器112。光学成像器可以是固定的或者手持式的装置，其利用图像捕获装置来从目标提取数据。
操作者可以将手持式光学成像器112瞄准目标并激励光学成像器上的按钮或者触发器115以控制该成像器的全部或者部分操作。可以利用处于呈现(presentation)模式下的成像器，其中成像器拍摄连续图像而不需要触发器激活。
示例性光学成像器112可以是移动装置，诸如手持式扫描仪、便携式数据终端(portable data terminal，PDT)、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、移动电话，等等。便携式数据终端或PDT典型地是一种电子装置，其被用来经由无线传输(WLAN或WWAN)输入或者检索数据，并且也可以用作在商店、仓库、医院或者从远程位置访问数据库的场所中使用的光学成像器。个人数字助理(PDA)是典型地用作个人备忘记事本的手持式设备，并且可以具有许多用途，诸如计算，用作时钟和日历，玩计算机游戏，访问因特网，发送和接收电子邮件，用作无线电设备或者立体声系统，视频录制，录制笔记，用作地址簿，等等。示例性光学成像器可以具有显示器116。示例性光学成像器112可以具有提供在外壳117内的多个子系统，所述示例性光学成像器112被配置为手持式的。例如，成像器可以具有手持部分111。
示例性光学成像器可以直接或者通过收费站或基站138与本地事务处理系统140通信，所述本地事务处理系统140诸如收银机，顾客站或雇员站或本地主机/服务器125。示例性本地服务器125或者光学成像器112可以与网络120和/或远程/网络服务器134通信。
图2图示了可以包括封装于外壳117中的成像组件110的示例性光学或光学成像器112的放大断片横截面图。
参考图3，示例性成像系统可以包括成像组件110，该成像组件110可以包括图像传感器装置132。示例性图像传感器装置132对从目标反射出的光或者其它电磁能量进行转换，并提供代表其的输出信号。图像传感器可以是像素阵列，其被适配成在全局快门或者全帧快门模式下操作，或者可替换地在滚动快门模式下操作。它可以是采用CCD、CMOS、NMOS、PMOS、CID、CMD、背照技术中的任何一种实现的彩色或单色2D固态图像传感器。成像器可以是逐行式或者隔行式的成像器。图像传感器可以包含将入射光能量转换成电荷的光敏光电二极管(或者像素)阵列。许多固态图像传感器还允许寻址全帧图像数据的区域。
示例性图像传感器可以使用可以包括滤波元件的单颜色图像传感器，所述滤波元件限定了遍及单色像素阵列散布的色敏像素元件。单颜色图像传感器的操作是利用相关联的最佳传感器设置对彩色图像(单色或纯色)进行子采样以进行图像捕获或符号体系扫查。示例性单颜色图像传感器在题目为DIGITALPICTURE TAKING OPTICAL IMAGER HAVING HYBRID MONOCHROMEAND COLOR IMAGE SENSORARRAY的美国专利公开号20060274171中予以描述，在本文中其全部内容在此引入以供参考。
示例性图像传感器装置可以包括图像传感器处理器、模数转换器(ADC)和其他电路。
成像组件110可以包括可编程控制电路或成像装置处理器152，其可以通过控制由LED电源123提供的输出功率来控制由LED 16提供的照明量。处理器152还可以控制其他功能和装置，诸如给瞄准器的LED 18供电的瞄准器电源。处理器152可以包括用于存储数据的预定量的存储器、和可配置的模拟和数字逻辑块以及可编程互连。
照明光学器件(未示出)、瞄准器光学器件部件25、(诸如透镜、散射体、楔形物、反射体等)可以被利用来在目标对象T的方向上引导光。可以利用激光或发光二极管(LED)，诸如白LED或者红、红外LED。如果周围光水平高到足以允许拍摄到对象T的高质量图像，则可以消除或者禁止照明。照明还可以定位成远离成像装置以便消除或减少镜面反射。
在示例性实施例中，成像组件包括用于将光从目标聚焦到图像传感器装置132上的成像光学器件40。图像成像器组件114具有用于接收从目标T反射的光并且将来自目标T的反射光引导或投射到图像传感器132的成像光学器件或透镜40，所述成像光学器件或透镜40具有光学轴(optical axis，OA)。该光学轴是通过成像光学器件的对称线。
成像光学器件40具有焦点，其中来自无限远的平行光线会聚于该焦点。如果该焦点与图像传感器一致，那么目标(处于无限远)为“焦点对准”。如果来自目标点的光大约以及期望地会聚于图像传感器处，则把目标T说成为焦点对准的。反之，如果光没有适当会聚，则其为焦点未对准的。“聚焦”是调整接收光学器件和图像传感器之间的距离以促使目标T近似为焦点对准的过程。
图4中所图示的示例性成像组件110可以包括设置或者包含在通常圆柱形的筒202内的成像接收光学器件40。筒202可滑动地设置或者包含在通常圆柱形的套筒206内。套筒206固定到成像器组件本体210，该成像器组件本体210除了其他项目之外还可以为图像传感器132提供平台。当筒202在套筒204内轴向移动时，可以使成像光学器件40与图像传感器132焦点对准和焦点未对准。因此在套筒206内可以把成像光学器件40定位在精确期望位置以便使目标与图像传感器焦点对准。筒202被插入套筒206中并且旋转以改变光学器件40沿着光学轴OA的位置，从而相对于图像传感器132把光学器件152精确定位在期望位置。可以利用图像光学器件控制器(图4中未示出)在套筒内移动该筒。
参考图3，可以利用成像光学器件控制器141来对成像光学器件40进行聚焦，该成像光学器件控制器141可以由诸如处理器152或者独立处理器之类的处理器控制，所述处理器可以采用自动聚焦软件逻辑。自动聚焦逻辑可以移动透镜机构通过运动、距离或者位置的范围，在试图确定最佳焦点或位置时在不同的位置处采样图像。成像光学器件控制器可以具有能够在最大位置或运动范围内将透镜移动到不同位置的驱动机构或者装置。
在示例性实施例中，基于被成像物品或者目标的尺寸和/或离成像器的近似距离，自动聚焦逻辑将使用来确定最佳焦点的运动范围是受限制的或者小于最大运动范围。基于在较短的时限内可以捕获焦点对准高质量图像的各个输入，把在自动聚焦周期期间移动透镜的距离缩短到很可能提供焦点对准图像的范围。
在示例性实施例中，通过实验以经验为根据地为成像各种目标或物品确定最佳焦点或者设置。这些焦点存储在存储器内，并且用作用来约束自动聚焦逻辑所使用的最小值和最大值的中心点。自动聚焦逻辑使用这些最小值和最大值来把在自动聚焦周期期间的透镜行程限制成小于透镜能够移动的最大行程量。可以通过多种方法把最小值和最大值提供给自动聚焦逻辑。
用于操作图5中所图示的图像成像器的示例性实施例包括：在启动模式下捕获目标的图像；确定准确的聚焦设置或者点以使目标与图像传感器焦点对准；记录对于该聚焦设置的透镜的位置；确定是否存储了一定数目的预定透镜位置；基于存储的透镜位置建立有限的透镜位置范围；在自动聚焦模式下捕获目标的图像；在该透镜位置范围内移动透镜位置以找到准确的聚焦设置；在准确的聚焦设置下捕获目标的图像；以及处理该图像。
在示例性实施例中，自动聚焦逻辑将使用以定位透镜的距离范围是基于所记录的透镜位置的中心点的。
在示例性实施例中，自动聚焦逻辑将使用以定位透镜的距离范围是基于被成像的物品的尺寸的。
在示例性实施例中，自动聚焦逻辑使用以定位透镜的距离范围是基于物品离成像器的近似距离的。
在示例性实施例中，针对对各种物品进行成像的最佳焦点是通过实验确定的。
在示例性实施例中，针对对各种物品进行成像的最佳焦点被用作最小值和最大值的中心点，所述最小值和最大值可以被自聚焦逻辑使用以约束或限制透镜运动或行程的自动聚焦范围。
把透镜在自动聚焦周期期间移动的距离缩短到最有可能提供可以在较短时限内捕获到焦点对准图像的范围。
图6中所图示的操作图像成像器的示例性实施例包括：在启动模式下捕获目标的图像；在该图像中确定目标的尺寸；针对目标找到准确聚焦设置；记录对于该聚焦设置的光学透镜的位置；确定是否已经记录了期望数目的透镜位置，并且如果是这样的话；在操作模式下捕获另一图像；在先前记录的最小透镜位置和最大透镜位置之间移动透镜位置以找到所拍摄的图像的准确聚焦设置，以及在该准确聚焦设置下捕获另一幅图像并处理该图像，其中所记录的最小透镜位置和最大透镜位置表示小于透镜能够移动的最大透镜运动的距离或运动。
在美国专利申请公开号US20100044440、题目为SYSTEMAND METHODTO AUTOMATICALLY FOCUS AN IMAGE IMAGER中描述了一种光学成像器自动聚焦系统，在本文中将其全部在此并入。
操作光学成像器的示例性方法包括：a)利用透镜将来自目标的光聚焦于图像传感器上；b)利用图像传感器在启动模式下捕获目标的测试图像；c)根据该图像确定目标的尺寸；d)根据目标尺寸移动透镜以确定该透镜对于图像传感器的准确聚焦设置；e)存储对于所确定的准确聚焦设置而言透镜的位置；f)确定是否已经存储了针对多个目标尺寸的期望数目的透镜位置；g)如果确定步骤f为否定的则重复步骤a到g；h)如果确定步骤f为肯定的则在操作模式下捕获操作图像；i)在先前记录的最小透镜位置和最大透镜位置之间移动透镜以获得针对该操作图像的准确聚焦设置；j)在该准确聚焦设置下捕获另一图像；以及，k)处理该操作图像，其中所记录的最小透镜位置和最大透镜位置表示小于最大可能光学成像器透镜运动范围的运动范围。
示例性光学成像器包括：用于捕获目标的图像和输出图像信号的图像传感器；用于根据透镜位置将目标聚焦到图像传感器上的透镜；用于存储根据预定目标尺寸确定的预定透镜位置的存储器；和控制器，用于基于所捕获图像确定当前目标尺寸和通过将当前目标尺寸与预定目标尺寸关联来把透镜定位在预定透镜位置。
示例性控制器还可以确定当前目标距离并且通过将当前目标距离与预定目标距离关联来把透镜定位在预定透镜位置。
在示例性实施例中，预定透镜位置限定了预定透镜运动范围，并且控制器将透镜定位在预定透镜运动范围内，该预定透镜运动范围比实际的透镜运动范围小。
在示例性实施例中，控制器在预定透镜运动范围的中心处开始透镜定位。
由外壳支撑的其他示例性成像器子系统或部件可以包括一个或多个本地或者机载处理器170、本地存储器172、电池218、显示器116、小键盘214和无线通信模块180。子系统可以经由一条或多条总线168、169，数据线或者其他信号或者数据通信形式进行通信。光学成像器可以与一个或多个本地处理器118、本地主机/服务器125、本地存储器166、网络120或者远程服务器主机/服务器134进行通信。
通信模块180可以提供从成像成像器112到其它光学成像器或者到诸如服务器/远程处理器134之类的其他系统的通信链路。
示例性处理器可以是具有片上控制器装置的混合信号阵列，所述片上控制器装置被设计成用一个单芯片可编程装置代替多个传统的基于MCU的系统部件。它可以包括可配置的模拟和数字逻辑块以及可编程互连。
(一个或多个)处理器可以包括用于存储固件和数据的预定量的存储器。该固件可以是嵌入于该(一个或多个)处理器中或者被编程在该(一个或多个)处理器上的一组指令或者软件程序，其提供(一个或多个)处理器如何操作其他硬件或者与其他硬件如何通信的必要指令。该固件可以以二进制图像文件的形式存储在(一个或多个)处理器的闪速存储器(ROM)中并且可以被擦除和重写。固件可以被视为是半永久的，这是因为固件保持相同除非其被更新。此固件更新或者加载可以由装置驱动器处理。
可以利用(一个或多个)处理器来执行多个功能操作，其可能涉及多个相关步骤的执行，其细节可以由或者基于存储在固件或者存储器中的配置设定来确定，所述存储器可以是诸如RAM、ROM、EEPROM等之类的多种存储器类型中的任何一种。另外，可以把一些存储器功能存储在被提供以作为(一个或多个)处理器的一部分的存储器中。配置设置可以以参数表的形式来布置。
该(一个或多个)处理器的示例性功能可以是控制操作扫描引擎，其包括透镜聚焦、解码功能和操作者接口功能。可以利用操作软件来针对这样的功能无缝地同时地或者在多任务角色下操作(一个或多个)处理器。示例性图像成像器操作软件架构可以被组织成执行的进程或者线程。
可以把(一个或多个)处理器、存储器和执行或控制示例性扫描和解码功能的相关联的电路提供在扫描引擎中或定位在成像器外壳内的相关联的电路板上。解码是用来描述包含在光电检测器输出信号中的机器可读代码的解译的术语。可以把(一个或多个)处理器定位在板上或在具有其他子系统的外壳内。
该(一个或多个)处理器的示例性功能可以是对提供在目标或者捕获图像内的机器可读符号体系进行解码。一维符号体系可以包括非常大到超小的128码、交叉二五码、库德巴码(Codabar)、93码、11码、39码、UPC、EAN、MSI、或者其它1D符号体系。堆叠式1D符号体系可以包括PDF、16K码、49码、或其他堆叠式1D符号体系。2D符号体系可以包括Aztec(阿兹特克码)、Datamatrix(数据矩阵码)、Maxicode(麦克斯码)、QR码、或其它2D符号体系。
可以通过参数或者配置设置来管控解码的操作，其可以以与扫查例程的用户或者工厂可选择的关系来执行。扫查和解码参数组合在一起限定了成像器将使用的扫查-解码关系或者模式。
两种示例性扫查模式可以是连续的或者不连续的。在连续模式下(也被称为连续扫查模式、连续流模式、流模式、飞越(fly-by)扫查模式、飞行(on thefly)扫查模式或者呈现模式)把成像器保持成处于固定方式下，并且目标(诸如定位在封装上的符号)被通过该成像器。在连续模式下，成像器一个接一个地(逐一地)进行连续扫描并且连续地解码或者试图解码一些或者全部被扫描目标。不连续模式是通过激励事件来发起和中断或停止扫查和/或解码的模式，所述激励事件诸如单拉触发器115的拉动、超时、或者对重启的成功读取。对在不连续模式下的成像器的示例性利用是经由手持式操作的。一旦光学成像器不再被触发，解码就停止。由于操作者知道存在符号，所以典型地发起不连续模式。
示例性光学成像器可以使用存储器或者固件来存储成像器设置或者成像器配置设置。
示例性配置设置是：
·被利用来发送输出数据的当前端口
·将在其中存储扫描数据的地址缓冲空间
·扫查是连续的还是不连续的
·被使能以进行处理的码
·瞄准图案中心坐标
·瞄准器配置
·瞄准系统功率输出
·光学成像器配置
·光学成像器方位
·图像中要被用来初始化缓冲器的像素数目
·引擎方位
·场照明
·与透镜畸变相关的信息
·与图像失真相关的信息
·死的或者坏的成像器像素
·在图像处理算法内的图像传感器噪声校正
·照明LED电流
·接收透镜规定或者参数
·是否使能成像器以进行图像捕获
·使能了什么类型的解码器水平
·使能了什么类型的符号体系解码
·扫查距离
·触发器功能性
·基于扫描输入的预定义条形码输出数据
·连续扫查模式
·不连续扫查模式或者例程
·解码模式或者例程
·I/O配置
·最小/最大符号体系字符长度
·扫描引擎选择
·照明控制
·影响(一个或多个)处理器的功能操作的设置
·瞄准器操作
·引擎方位
·照明
·光传感器控制
·扬声器控制
·蜂鸣器控制
·通知LED控制
·软件控制
·销售跟踪
·保修跟踪
·扫描仪性能
·曝光增益
可以借助于条形码菜单，经由串行连接使用串行命令或者经由无线通信，对成像器进行编程。GUI接口可以被利用来创建或者成像串行命令，诸如VisualMenu或者类似这样的产品。这可以通过直接地或通过网络(诸如因特网)将成像器连接到远程计算机并且使远程计算机提供软件更新来远程地或者本地地完成。
示例性透镜位置控制器可以利用软件程序或者软件逻辑。示例性编程方法可以是导致期望结果并且可以被实现为软件的步骤序列或者动作序列。虽然可以证明论述好像由单个程序体现的这样的软件是便利的，但是大多数实现方式是将把所描述的功能分布在离散(以及一些非那么离散的)软件片段之中。这些片段常常使用本领域的诸如“程序.”“目标.”“功能.”“子例程”“库，”“.dlls.”“APIs”和“过程”之类的术语来描述。虽然在本说明书中可能发现喜好这些术语中的一个或多个，但是并不存在将本发明限制于所描述的配置的意图。
总的来说，本方法中的步骤序列要求对物理量的物理操纵。这些量采用能够被存储、传递、组合、比较或者以其他方式操纵的光学信号、电气信号或者磁信号的形式。这些信号被称为“比特”、“值”、“元素”、“符号”、“字符”、“图像”、“项”、“数字”等等。
存在多种用于创建软件的平台和语言。可以使用VBSCRIPT(R)(微软公司的商标)、JAVA(TM)(Sun Microsystems公司的商标)、PYTHON(TM)(Python Software Foundation的商标)或者任何数目的C的变体来实现示例性实施例。平台和语言的选择常常由所构建的实际系统的细微问题指示，因此可以对一种类型的系统起作用的或许对另一系统无效。
参考图4，示例性成像模块110可以包括用于照明目标的光源16。该光源定位在离开透镜40一距离，透镜40将从目标接收的光聚焦在图像传感器32上。
成像模块110可以包括第一板14a和第二电路板14b，所述第一板14a承载诸如典型地由图像传感器芯片提供的图像传感器32和瞄准光源18、成像器处理器、存储器等之类的东西，所述第二电路板14b用来承载诸如照明光源16之类的东西。第一电路板14a和第二电路板14b由支撑组件80支撑。支撑组件80可以包括容纳图像传感器32的容纳部和用于保持透镜或具有由透镜外壳42保持的透镜44的光学器件组件40的集成保持器部82。成像模块110还可以包括光学板26，其用作光管以承载各种所发射的光，以用于在与图像传感器32的视场相对应的目标区域上辅助基本均匀的照明图案的显影。瞄准光学器件25辅助瞄准图案在目标区域上的投射。
应当理解，本文中所描述的程序、进程、方法和设备不被相关于或不被限制于任何特定类型的计算机或者网络设备(硬件或软件)。各种类型的通用或专用计算机设备可以用来实现或者执行根据本文所描述的教导的操作。虽然把优选实施例的各种元件描述为以软件的形式实现，但是在其他实施例中可以可替换地使用硬件或者固件实现方式，且反之亦然。所图示的实施例仅仅是示例性的，并不应被视为限制本发明的范围。例如，流程图的步骤可以以不同于所描述的顺序的顺序进行，并且在这些框图中可以使用更多、更少或其他元件。再者，除非申请人明确否认在此申请之内的任何主题，否则在本文中没有特定的实施例或主题被视为要被否认的。
不应当把权利要求书错误地当作被限制于所描述的次序或者元件，除非被陈述具有该效果。另外，在任何权利要求中使用的术语“装置(means)”的意图是援引35 U.S.C.§112，段6，没有词“装置”的任何权利要求的意图不是如此。因而，作为本发明，声明要求保护在下列权利要求及其等价物的范围和精神之内的所有实施例。

Claims (5)

1.一种操作光学成像器的方法，其包括：
(a)用图像传感器捕获测试目标的多个图像，所述图像传感器利用透镜来聚焦测试目标；
(b)定位所述透镜以确定所述透镜对于所述图像传感器的准确聚焦设置；
(c)存储对于所确定的准确聚焦设置而言所述透镜的位置；
(d)确定是否已经存储了期望数目的透镜位置；
(e)如果确定步骤(f)为“否定的”，则重复步骤(a)到(d)；
(f)如果确定步骤(f)为“肯定的”，则在自动聚焦模式下捕获操作图像；
(g)在先前记录的最小透镜位置和最大透镜位置之间移动所述透镜以针对所述操作图像获得准确聚焦设置；
(j)在所述准确聚焦设置下捕获聚焦的图像；和，
(k)处理所述聚焦的图像，
其中所记录的最小透镜位置和最大透镜位置表示小于最大可能光学成像器透镜运动范围的运动范围。
2.如权利要求1所述的操作光学成像器的方法，其中将所述透镜设置在可滑动地设置于通常圆柱形的套筒内的通常圆柱形的筒内，并且所述筒在所述套筒内轴向移动以使目标与所述图像传感器准确的焦点对准。
3.如权利要求1所述的操作光学成像器的方法，其中在操作模式期间利用执行自动聚焦软件逻辑的成像光学器件控制器来移动所述透镜。
4.如权利要求1所述的操作光学成像器的方法，还包括接近所述目标离所述光学成像器的距离。
5.如权利要求1所述的操作光学成像器的方法，其中所存储的透镜位置被用来确定透镜运动范围的中心点。
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