WO2018079762A1 - 風味の優れたホエイタンパク質加水分解物の製造方法 - Google Patents
風味の優れたホエイタンパク質加水分解物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018079762A1 WO2018079762A1 PCT/JP2017/039059 JP2017039059W WO2018079762A1 WO 2018079762 A1 WO2018079762 A1 WO 2018079762A1 JP 2017039059 W JP2017039059 W JP 2017039059W WO 2018079762 A1 WO2018079762 A1 WO 2018079762A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/30—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
- A23J3/32—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
- A23J3/34—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
- A23J3/347—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of proteins from microorganisms or unicellular algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/04—Animal proteins
- A23J3/08—Dairy proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/30—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
- A23J3/32—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
- A23J3/34—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
- A23J3/341—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of animal proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/30—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
- A23J3/32—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
- A23J3/34—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
- A23J3/341—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of animal proteins
- A23J3/343—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of animal proteins of dairy proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/19—Dairy proteins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/06—Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a whey protein hydrolyzate having an excellent flavor.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a whey protein hydrolyzate in which coloring over time caused by storage or the like is suppressed.
- Whey protein is often degraded with a protein hydrolase (proteinase) to obtain whey protein hydrolyzate for the purpose of improving absorbability or reducing allergens.
- proteinase proteinase
- whey protein hydrolyzed when whey protein is hydrolyzed, there is a problem that a peculiar taste or unpleasant odor, or a bitter taste derived from a peptide or a free amino acid is generated, and the flavor is deteriorated.
- whey protein hydrolyzate is likely to be colored when heated, particularly in the form of an aqueous solution, and causes deterioration in quality during the manufacturing process and storage.
- Patent Document 1 a method of mixing whey protein and lactose, or mixing whey protein and lactose or / and desalted whey protein and enzymatically degrading to obtain a whey protein peptide composition having a good flavor
- Patent Document 2 A method of obtaining a food composition with reduced bitterness and astringency by using nucleic acids such as shiitake extract, Na inosinate and Na guanylate, and further enhancing the masking effect by adding acetic acid or / and tea extract to them (Patent Document 2); Method of reducing bitterness by adding acidic phospholipids to amino acids or peptides exhibiting bitterness (Patent Document 3); Adding cyclodextrin to foods containing peptides (including milk protein) To suppress the bitterness or smell of the peptide (Patent Document 4); A method for improving the bitterness or smell of a
- Patent Document 6 A method (Patent Document 6) is known.
- the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 5 are all methods of adding other ingredients to distract bitterness and odor, and the technique disclosed in Patent Document 6 controls the degree of hydrolysis. This method is problematic in that the flavor is uniformed due to the influence of the added substance, the cost is increased, or the manufacturing process is complicated.
- a method for hydrolyzing protein using an enzyme for example, a method of hydrolyzing a protein with an enzyme in the presence of dextrin (Patent Document 7), a whey protein is hydrolyzed with an enzyme to inhibit the expression of TNF- ⁇ .
- a method for preparing a hydrolyzate (Patent Document 8) and a method for hydrolyzing milk-derived protein with a predetermined enzyme (Patent Document 9) are known.
- none of these documents describes or suggests a method for improving and improving the flavor of a whey protein hydrolyzate.
- the present invention aims to solve the conventional problems related to hydrolysis of whey protein. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing a whey protein hydrolyzate that improves the problems such as miscellaneous taste, bitter taste, or unpleasant odor caused when hydrolyzing whey protein, and has a low odor and a good flavor. For the purpose. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a whey protein hydrolyzate that is difficult to be colored and in which deterioration in quality during production and storage is suppressed.
- a whey protein hydrolyzate having a low odor and a good flavor can be obtained by using a whey protein-containing raw material having a low lipid content, preferably a lipid content of less than 1% by mass. I found it. Further, by using a whey protein-containing raw material having a low lactose content, preferably a lactose content of less than 1% by mass, as a raw material (reaction substrate), a whey protein hydrolyzate in which coloring due to heating is significantly suppressed can be obtained. I found out.
- the present invention has been completed based on such knowledge and has the following embodiments.
- (I) Method for producing whey protein hydrolyzate (I-1) (a) Hydrolyzing a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of less than 1% by mass, and / or (b) a lactose content of less than 1% by mass And the manufacturing method of a whey protein hydrolyzate which has the process of preparing whey protein hydrolyzate. (I-2) The production method according to (I-1), wherein the whey protein-containing raw material has a lipid content and a lactose content of less than 1% by mass. (I-3) The production method according to (I-1) or (I-2), wherein the hydrolysis treatment is an enzyme treatment.
- (I-4) The production method according to (I-3), wherein the enzyme treatment is a treatment using a protease (protease), preferably protease M or / and protease P.
- (I-5) A method for obtaining a whey protein hydrolyzate having a lower odor than a whey protein hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of more than 4% by mass (I- 1) The production method according to any one of (I-4).
- (I-6) A method for obtaining a whey protein hydrolyzate having a better flavor than a whey protein hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of more than 4% by mass (I- 1) The production method according to any one of (I-5). In this case, at least (a) a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of less than 1% by mass is used as the whey protein-containing raw material.
- (I-7) A method for obtaining a whey protein hydrolyzate in which coloring that occurs over time is suppressed as compared with a whey protein hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing a whey protein-containing raw material having a lactose content of more than 4% by mass
- at least (b) a whey protein-containing material having a lactose content of less than 1% by mass is used as the whey protein-containing material.
- (II) Method for reducing odor, improving flavor or suppressing coloring of whey protein hydrolyzate (II-1) Preparing whey protein hydrolyzate by subjecting whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of less than 1% by mass to hydrolysis treatment The method of reducing the smell of a whey protein hydrolyzate and / or a flavor improvement which has the process to do. (II-2) The method for reducing odor and / or improving flavor according to (II-1), wherein the whey protein-containing raw material has a lactose content of less than 1% by mass.
- (II-3) A method for inhibiting coloration of a whey protein hydrolyzate, comprising a step of preparing a whey protein hydrolyzate by subjecting a whey protein-containing raw material having a lactose content of less than 1% by mass to a hydrolysis treatment.
- (II-4) The coloring suppression method according to (II-3), wherein the lipid content of the whey protein-containing raw material is less than 1% by mass.
- (II-5) The method according to any one of (II-1) to (II-4), wherein the hydrolysis treatment is an enzyme treatment.
- (II-6) The method according to (II-5), wherein the enzyme treatment is a treatment using a protease (protease), preferably protease M or / and protease P.
- a whey protein hydrolyzate with suppressed odor can be obtained by performing protein hydrolysis using a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of less than 1% by mass.
- the whey protein hydrolyzate has reduced bitterness and miscellaneous taste and good taste as compared with a whey protein hydrolyzate prepared using a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of more than 4% by mass. is there.
- the protein hydrolyzing treatment is performed using a whey protein-containing raw material having a lactose content of less than 1% by mass, preferably a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of less than 1% by mass and a lactose content of less than 1% by mass.
- coloring over time is suppressed compared to whey protein hydrolyzate prepared using a whey protein-containing raw material with a lactose content higher than 4% by mass.
- the obtained whey protein hydrolyzate can be obtained.
- the whey protein hydrolyzate thus prepared was significantly inhibited in coloration even when stored at 80 ° C. for 2 days, particularly in the form of an aqueous solution (Experimental Example 2). It is useful as a whey protein hydrolyzate in which the decrease is suppressed.
- the manufacturing method of the whey protein hydrolyzate of this invention uses the whey protein containing raw material whose lipid content is less than 1 mass% as a raw material used for the manufacture. It is characterized by using.
- Whey protein is a protein contained in whey (whey), which is a liquid part obtained by removing casein and fat from milk, and is also referred to as whey protein.
- the whey usually contains ⁇ -lactoglobulin, ⁇ -lactalbumin, immunoglobulin, serum albumin, lactoferrin and the like.
- the term whey protein as used in the present invention includes these individual proteins as well as aggregates containing two or more of these proteins.
- Milk that is derived from whey is not limited as long as it is mammalian milk, but cow-derived milk (milk) can be preferably mentioned because it is widely applied to eating and drinking.
- cow-derived milk milk
- milk cow-derived milk
- the protein contained in milk about 80% is casein, and the remaining about 20% is whey protein.
- the whey protein-containing raw material used for the production of the whey protein hydrolyzate of the present invention contains the above whey protein and (a) has a lipid content of less than 1% by mass, and / or (b) has a lactose content. It is less than 1% by mass.
- the whey protein-containing raw material only needs to satisfy at least one of the above conditions (a) and (b), but for the purpose of producing a whey protein hydrolyzate having a low odor and a good flavor. It is preferable to use a raw material that satisfies at least the condition (a), and preferably satisfies both the conditions (a) and (b). In addition, for the purpose of producing a whey protein hydrolyzate with suppressed coloration over time, a raw material satisfying at least the condition (b), preferably satisfying both the conditions (b) and (a) should be used. Is preferred.
- odor means odor when sniffing whey protein hydrolyzate adjusted to room temperature.
- Mall odor means odor, particularly whey, as compared to a whey protein hydrolyzate prepared using a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content higher than 4% by mass, as shown in Experimental Example 1 described later. It means that there is little odor peculiar to protein hydrolyzate.
- “flavor” is a general term for a taste that is felt when a whey protein hydrolyzate adjusted to room temperature is contained in the mouth and an odor that spreads to the mouth and is felt through the nasal cavity.
- “Good flavor” means an unfavorable bitter taste or miscellaneous taste peculiar to whey protein hydrolyzate compared to a whey protein hydrolyzate prepared using a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of more than 4% by mass, It also means that unpleasant odor is reduced and reduced.
- the whey protein hydrolyzate prepared by the above method is produced using a whey protein-containing raw material having a lactose content of less than 1% by mass as a raw material, as shown in Experimental Example 2 described later.
- the coloration that occurs over time is suppressed as compared with the case where a whey protein-containing raw material containing more than 4% by mass is used.
- whether or not the coloration with time is suppressed is determined by the absorbance (before and after storage) when the whey protein hydrolyzate is stored in the dark at 80 ° C. for 2 days as shown in Experimental Example 2 described later. It can be evaluated by the difference of 420 nm).
- the lipid content may be less than 1% by mass, but is preferably 0.7% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less. Moreover, although lactose content should just be less than 1 mass%, Preferably it is 0.7 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0.5 mass% or less.
- the whey protein-containing raw material may be whey (whey) prepared from milk itself as long as the lipid content is less than 1% by mass and / or the lactose content is less than 1% by mass.
- whey (whey) may be processed by being subjected to various processes such as extraction, filtration, fractionation, purification, concentration, or drying, as long as it does not change in quality.
- a commercially available whey or a processed product thereof may be used.
- the protein content contained in the whey protein-containing raw material is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more for the purpose of efficiently obtaining a desired whey protein hydrolyzate. It is. The upper limit is 100% by mass, but may be 98% by mass.
- the protein content contained in the raw material can be measured according to the Kjeldahl method.
- the Kjeldahl method is a method for determining the amount of nitrogen in a measurement sample and measuring the protein content in the sample.
- a measurement sample is mixed with sulfuric acid and heated to convert nitrogen contained in the sample into ammonium sulfate. Thereafter, the mixture is made alkaline and heated, and the amount of ammonia generated is determined by appropriate titration.
- a measurement sample (approximately 0.5 g is accurately weighed to the order of 0.1 mg) is placed in a Kjeldahl flask, and 10 g of a decomposition accelerator (9 g of potassium sulfate and copper (II) sulfate) 1 g of hydrated mixed powder) is added, and 15 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid is added thereto and shaken. Next, it heats for 30 minutes with the block decomposing apparatus previously kept at 200 degreeC. Thereafter, the temperature is set to 400 to 420 ° C. After the decomposition solution becomes clear, the decomposition is continued for about 60 minutes at 400 to 420 ° C.
- the mixture After completion of the decomposition, the mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature, and then 20 mL of ion-exchanged water is quickly added to the decomposition solution and shaken. Add 25% to 45% (w / v) aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to the prepared decomposition solution so that it contains 30 mL of ion-exchange water and an excess amount of sodium hydroxide of 24 g or more, make the decomposition solution alkaline, and then distill ammonia. Connect to the device.
- a volume of 50% 4% boric acid aqueous solution (prepared with ion-exchanged water) as an ammonia collection solution and a few drops of bromophenol blue solution as a titration indicator
- a 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask is prepared, and distillation is performed so that 150 mL or more of the distillate can be obtained.
- the distillate obtained by distillation is titrated with a 0.05 mol / L sulfuric acid standard solution using a burette. When the distillate exhibits green ⁇ stainless color ⁇ light grayish red, the end point is set, and the obtained titration value (volume of sulfuric acid standard solution: V 1 ) is recorded to the second decimal place.
- sucrose of the same amount as that of the measurement sample is collected and distilled after decomposition in the same manner as the measurement sample, and the titration value (volume of sulfuric acid standard solution: V 2 ) is similarly obtained.
- the amount of nitrogen (g / 100 g whey protein-containing raw material) is calculated by the following formula, and the nitrogen content (% by mass) contained in 100% by mass of the whey protein-containing raw material is obtained.
- the lipid content and the lactose content in the whey protein-containing raw material can be measured (quantified) by the following method, for example.
- the lipid content in the whey protein-containing raw material can be measured according to an acid decomposition method.
- the acid decomposition method is a method obtained by decomposing a measurement sample with hydrochloric acid and then extracting lipids using a Majoronia tube.
- Concentrated hydrochloric acid 11 mL is added and pyrolysis is carried out on an electric heater (heated until boiling, and held for 5 minutes after boiling).
- the sample was transferred to a Magonia tube, ethanol (10 mL) and diethyl ether (25 mL) were added and mixed (wash the Magonia tube with ethanol and diethyl ether), and petroleum ether (25 mL). Add and extract.
- This is applied to a major junior tube centrifuge to separate the ether mixture layer and the aqueous layer, and the ether mixture layer is transferred to a separatory funnel containing 30 mL of water in advance. Thereafter, a mixture of diethyl ether and petroleum ether (equal mixture) is further added to the remaining ether mixture layer, and the same extraction operation is repeated twice to transfer the ether mixture layer to the above separatory funnel (first time).
- the solvent is distilled off from this ether mixture, dried in an electric low-temperature dryer at 100 to 105 ° C. for 1 hour, allowed to cool, and the mass is measured. Repeat drying and cooling until a constant weight is obtained, and weigh the final lipid mass accurately in a fat bottle (W 1 ), and calculate the lipid amount (g / 100g) using the following formula.
- the lipid content (% by mass) contained in 100% by mass of the whey protein-containing raw material is determined.
- the lactose content in the whey protein-containing raw material can be obtained by calculation by determining the amount of protein, the amount of lipid, and the amount of ash contained in the whey protein-containing raw material and using the other amounts as the lactose content. Specifically, when the mass (wet weight) of the whey protein-containing material is 100 mass%, the protein content (mass%), the lipid content (mass%), and the ash content ( The content excluding mass%) is defined as lactose content [100- (protein content + lipid content + ash content)]. In addition, the protein content (mass%) and lipid content (mass%) in a whey protein containing raw material (100 mass%) can be calculated
- the ash content can be measured according to the direct ashing method.
- a measurement sample of about 0.4 g to 1.2 g is put in a magnetic crucible having a known weight (W 0 ), and the mass (W 1 ) of the measurement sample is accurately weighed. It is put into an ashing apparatus and ashed sufficiently at 550 ° C. (When 550 ° C. is reached, hold for 5 to 6 hours to ash). After ashing, the sample is allowed to cool in a desiccator until the sample is returned to room temperature, and the constant weight (W 2 ) of the sample is accurately weighed.
- the ash is white or gray, and several hours of heating incinerated again 550 ° C., after cooling, obtaining the constant weight (W 2).
- the ratio of the mass of the measurement sample after ashing to the mass of the measurement sample before ashing is calculated by the following formula, and the ash content contained in 100% by mass of the whey protein-containing raw material from the obtained ash (g / 100 g) ( Mass%).
- the method for hydrolyzing the whey protein-containing raw material is not particularly limited as long as it is a method for hydrolyzing protein.
- a method of treating with a proteolytic enzyme proteolytic enzyme
- a method of treating with heat in the presence of an acid or alkali, and the like can be exemplified.
- a method of treating with a proteolytic enzyme is preferable.
- the proteolytic enzyme used for the enzyme treatment is not particularly limited as long as it has an action of hydrolyzing the peptide bond of the protein.
- proteases derived from animals such as pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, pancreatin; papain, promeline, ficin And plant-derived proteases; endoproteases or exoproteases derived from microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, filamentous fungi, actinomycetes, fungi, yeast, etc.); These may be used alone or in any combination of two or more.
- Preferred is an endoprotease derived from a microorganism, particularly from a filamentous fungus.
- Proteases include serine proteases (eg, trypsin, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces genus, Aspergillus genus alkaline protease, etc.), thiol proteases (eg, papain, etc.), metalloproteases (eg, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces genus, Aspergillus genus, Aspergillus Genus-derived neutral protease and the like) and aspartic proteases (for example, pepsin, rennin, Aspergillus-derived acidic protease).
- serine proteases eg, trypsin, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces genus, Aspergillus genus alkaline protease, etc.
- thiol proteases eg, papain, etc.
- metalloproteases eg, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces genus, Aspergillus
- protease M “Amano” SD Aspergillus genus protease
- protease P “Amano” 3SD above, manufactured by Amano Enzyme
- coclase P granule Mitsubishi Chemical Foods
- Flavorzyme manufactured by Novozymes
- Sumiteam FP manufactured by Shin Nihon Kagaku
- Conditions such as pH, temperature conditions and reaction time adopted when hydrolyzing whey protein with protease can be appropriately selected and adjusted according to the type and combination of proteases used and the amount of whey protein to be hydrolyzed. it can.
- the whey is adjusted to pH 3.5 to 6.5, preferably pH 4.5 to 5.5, An acidic protease derived from the genus Aspergillus may be added to the whey and reacted at 30 to 60 ° C., preferably 35 to 55 ° C. for 2 to 24 hours with slow stirring.
- the acid agent used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid.
- the treatment conditions are not particularly limited, but can be arbitrarily selected depending on the desired degree of hydrolysis. For example, the conditions may be appropriately selected within the range of acid concentration of 0.1 to 3 mol / L, heating temperature of 30 to 100 ° C., and heating time of 1 to 50 hours.
- the alkaline agent to be used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
- the treatment conditions are not particularly limited, but can be arbitrarily selected depending on the desired degree of hydrolysis. For example, the conditions may be appropriately selected within the range of alkali concentration of 0.1 to 3 mol / L, heating temperature of 30 to 100 ° C., and heating time of 1 to 50 hours.
- Whey protein hydrolyzate Average molecular weight (number average) of whey protein hydrolyzate obtained by subjecting a whey protein-containing raw material to protease treatment, heat treatment in the presence of acid, or heat treatment in the presence of alkali
- the molecular weight is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably about 5000 or less, more preferably 200 to 1000. This average molecular weight can be measured by gel filtration chromatography. In this case, pullulan and aqueous solution can be mentioned as the standard polymer and the eluent used for the creation of the “calibration curve”, respectively.
- the reaction product obtained by hydrolyzing the whey protein-containing raw material by the above method may be used as it is as a whey protein hydrolyzate, but fractionation, solid-liquid separation, filtration, concentration, drying It can also be used as a whey protein hydrolyzate after being subjected to various treatments such as treatment and sterilization treatment. That is, the whey protein hydrolyzate is a collection of substances obtained by hydrolyzing the whey protein-containing raw material, and includes whey peptides and amino acids that are hydrolysates of the whey protein itself.
- the whey protein hydrolyzate thus prepared is produced using a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of less than 1% by mass as a raw material, as shown in Experimental Example 1 described later.
- the odor peculiar to a whey protein hydrolyzate is reduced compared with the case of using a whey protein-containing raw material greater than mass%, and the unfavorable bitterness and miscellaneous taste peculiar to a whey protein hydrolyzate are reduced, resulting in a good flavor. have.
- the whey protein hydrolyzate prepared by the above method is produced using a whey protein-containing raw material having a lactose content of less than 1% by mass as a raw material, as shown in Experimental Example 2 described later. The coloration that occurs over time is suppressed as compared with the case where a whey protein-containing raw material containing more than 4% by mass is used.
- the obtained whey protein hydrolyzate can be used as an easily absorbable peptide material or functional peptide material in articles such as food (including beverages; the same applies hereinafter), pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, cosmetics, or chemical products. It can be used in combination.
- the food includes general foods, health foods, sports foods, elderly foods, and oral and enteral nutrients.
- the health foods include supplements, foods for specified health use, functional health foods, functional nutrition foods, dietary supplements, and functional foods. These foods include those having a pharmaceutical form of powder, granule, tablet, jelly, drink (ampoule), hard capsule, and soft capsule.
- the method for reducing the smell of whey protein hydrolyzate can be carried out by preparing a whey protein hydrolyzate by hydrolyzing a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of less than 1% by mass.
- the whey protein-containing raw material may further have a lactose content of less than 1% by mass.
- the whey protein-containing raw material, the hydrolysis treatment method, and the whey protein hydrolyzate obtained are as described in (I) above, and the description thereof can be incorporated herein.
- the method for improving the flavor of a whey protein hydrolyzate can be carried out by preparing a whey protein hydrolyzate by hydrolyzing a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of less than 1% by mass.
- the whey protein-containing raw material may further have a lactose content of less than 1% by mass.
- the whey protein-containing raw material, the hydrolysis treatment method, and the whey protein hydrolyzate obtained are as described in (I) above, and the description thereof can be incorporated herein.
- the method for suppressing the coloration of whey protein hydrolyzate with time can be carried out by preparing a whey protein hydrolyzate by hydrolyzing a whey protein-containing raw material having a lactose content of less than 1% by mass.
- the whey protein-containing raw material may further have a lipid content of less than 1% by mass.
- the whey protein-containing raw material, the hydrolysis treatment method, and the whey protein hydrolyzate obtained are as described in (I) above, and the description thereof can be incorporated herein.
- Room temperature means a temperature in the range of 10-40 ° C.
- Experimental example 1 The relationship between the lipid content contained in the whey protein-containing raw material before protein hydrolysis and the odor (unpleasant odor) and flavor of the whey protein hydrolyzate after hydrolysis was examined.
- whey protein-containing raw materials whey A to F having different lipid contents and lactose contents were prepared and used for the test.
- Table 1 shows the composition (protein content, lipid content, ash content, lactose content) of each whey protein-containing raw material (whey AF).
- the protein content, lipid content and ash content of the whey protein-containing raw material were determined according to the Kjeldahl method, acid decomposition method and direct ashing method, respectively.
- the lactose content was calculated
- protease M (trade name “Protease M“ Amano ”SD”, Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd. ), Japan
- protease P (trade name “Protease P“ Amano ”3SD”, Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd., Japan) was added in an amount of 0.2 g each (2 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass (10 g) of substrate weight).
- the reaction was allowed to proceed at 50 ° C. for 15 hours.
- the enzyme was inactivated by heat treatment at 80 ° C. for 60 minutes to obtain a total of 12 types of whey protein hydrolyzate (2 types of enzyme ⁇ 6 types of whey protein).
- sample whey protein hydrolysis consisting of 10 men and women in their 20s to 40s
- a sensory test was conducted with a panel of subjects well trained about the odor and taste of the liquid, and (A) odor and (B) flavor of the whey protein hydrolyzate were evaluated.
- sensory evaluation was performed based on the following judgment criteria with the taste of the 5-fold diluted solution of whey A hydrolyzate having the lowest lipid content as “reference 0”.
- “preferred flavor: +3” means “flavor that has little bitterness and miscellaneous taste, has no unpleasant odor, and is easy to drink”.
- FIG. 2 (A) (protease M) and FIG. 2 (B) (protease P) are shown separately for M and protease P).
- a whey protein-containing raw material having a low lipid content as a raw material (substrate), preferably It can be said that it is necessary to use a whey protein-containing raw material having a lipid content of 1% by mass or less, more preferably less than 1% by mass.
- Experimental example 2 The relationship between the lactose content contained in the whey protein-containing raw material before protein hydrolysis and the coloration with time of the whey protein hydrolyzate after hydrolysis was examined.
- FIG. 3 (A) (protease M) and FIG. 3 (B) (protease P) are shown for each enzyme (protease M, protease P) used.
- a whey protein-containing raw material having a low lactose content in addition to a lipid content preferably a lactose content of 1% by mass or less, more preferably It can be said that it is necessary to use a whey protein-containing raw material of less than 1% by mass.
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Abstract
Description
(I-1)(a)脂質含量が1質量%未満、または/および(b)乳糖含量が1質量%未満であるホエイタンパク質含有原料を加水分解処理してホエイタンパク質加水分解物を調製する工程を有する、ホエイタンパク質加水分解物の製造方法。
(I-2)上記ホエイタンパク質含有原料の脂質含量及び乳糖含量がいずれも1質量%未満である、(I-1)に記載する製造方法。
(I-3)加水分解処理が酵素処理である(I-1)または(I-2)に記載する製造方法。
(I-4)酵素処理がタンパク質分解酵素(プロテアーゼ)、好ましくはプロテアーゼMまたは/およびプロテアーゼPを用いた処理である(I-3)に記載する製造方法。
(I-5)脂質含量が4質量%より多いホエイタンパク質含有原料を加水分解処理して得られるホエイタンパク質加水分解物よりも、臭いが少ないホエイタンパク質加水分解物を得る方法である、(I-1)~(I-4)のいずれかに記載する製造方法。
(I-6)脂質含量が4質量%より多いホエイタンパク質含有原料を加水分解処理して得られるホエイタンパク質加水分解物よりも、風味良好なホエイタンパク質加水分解物を得る方法である、(I-1)~(I-5)のいずれかに記載する製造方法。この場合、ホエイタンパク質含有原料として、少なくとも(a)脂質含量が1質量%未満であるホエイタンパク質含有原料が使用される。
(I-7)乳糖含量が4質量%より多いホエイタンパク質含有原料を加水分解処理して得られるホエイタンパク質加水分解物よりも、経時的に生じる着色が抑制されたホエイタンパク質加水分解物を得る方法である、(I-1)~(I-6)のいずれかに記載する製造方法。この場合、ホエイタンパク質含有原料として少なくとも(b)乳糖含量が1質量%未満であるホエイタンパク質含有原料が使用される。
(II-1)脂質含量が1質量%未満のホエイタンパク質含有原料を加水分解処理に供してホエイタンパク質加水分解物を調製する工程を有する、ホエイタンパク質加水分解物の臭い低減または/および風味向上方法。
(II-2)上記ホエイタンパク質含有原料が乳糖含量が1質量%未満である、(II-1)記載の臭い低減または/および風味向上方法。
(II-3)乳糖含量が1質量%未満であるホエイタンパク質含有原料を加水分解処理に供してホエイタンパク質加水分解物を調製する工程を有する、ホエイタンパク質加水分解物の着色抑制方法。
(II-4)上記ホエイタンパク質含有原料の脂質含量が1質量%未満である、(II-3)に記載する着色抑制方法。
(II-5)加水分解処理が酵素処理である(II-1)~(II-4)のいずれかに記載する方法。
(II-6)酵素処理がタンパク質分解酵素(プロテアーゼ)、好ましくはプロテアーゼMまたは/およびプロテアーゼPを用いた処理である(II-5)に記載する方法。
(1)製造原料
本発明のホエイタンパク質加水分解物の製造方法は、その製造に使用する原料として脂質含量が1質量%未満であるホエイタンパク質含有原料を用いることを特徴とする。
ホエイタンパク質含有原料中に含まれるタンパク質含量は、効率よく所望のホエイタンパク質加水分解物を得る目的から、好ましくは60質量%以上であり、より好ましくは80質量%以上、特に好ましくは90質量%以上である。上限は100質量%であるが、98質量%であってもよい。ここで原料中に含まれるタンパク質含量は、ケルダール法に従って測定することができる。
ホエイタンパク質含有原料中の脂質含量は、酸分解法に従って測定することができる。酸分解法とは、測定試料を塩酸で分解した後、マジョニア管を用いて脂質を抽出して得る方法である。より具体的な手順としては、測定試料(1g~1.5g程度の質量を正確に秤量する:W)に水:25~28%アンモニア水=9:1の混液(10mL)を加えた後、濃塩酸(11mL)を加え、電熱器上で加熱分解(沸騰するまで加熱し、沸騰後5分間保持)する。その後、室温まで放冷した後、試料をマジョニア管に移し、エタノール(10mL)、ジエチルエーテル(25mL)を加え混和し(エタノールとジエチルエーテルでマジョニア管を洗い込む)、さらに、石油エーテル(25mL)を加え抽出する。これをマジュニア管遠心分離器にかけ、エーテル混液層と水層を分離し、エーテル混液層を予め水30mLをいれた分液漏斗に移す。その後、残ったエーテル混液層にさらにジエチルエーテルと石油エーテルの混液(等量混合)を入れて、上記と同様の抽出操作を2回繰り返してエーテル混液層を上記の分液漏斗に移す(1回目の抽出には40mLのジエチルエーテル/石油エーテル混液を使用。2回目は30mLの混液を使用)。分液漏斗に回収したエーテル混液と水を充分に振り混ぜた後、静置して分離した水を捨てる。エーテル混液に対して、更に水30mLによる洗浄操作を2回行う。回収したエーテル混液に硫酸ナトリウム(無水)を入れて脱水した後、脂肪瓶に濾過回収する。なお、脂肪瓶は予め100~105℃の電気低温乾燥器で1時間乾燥させた後放冷して質量(W0)を測定しておく。このエーテル混液から溶媒を留去し、100~105℃の電気低温乾燥器で1時間乾燥させた後放冷し、質量を測定する。恒量になるまで乾燥と放冷を繰り返し、最終的に得られた脂質の質量を脂肪瓶に入った状態で正確に秤量し(W1)、下記式により脂質量(g/100g)を算出し、ホエイタンパク質含有原料100質量%に含まれる脂質含量(質量%)を求める。
ホエイタンパク質含有原料中の乳糖含量は、ホエイタンパク質含有原料に含まれるタンパク質量、脂質量、及び灰分量を求め、それ以外の量を乳糖含量として、計算により求めることができる。具体的には、ホエイタンパク質含有原料の質量(湿重量)を100質量%とした場合に、これからホエイタンパク質含有原料に含まれるタンパク質含量(質量%)、脂質含量(質量%)、及び灰分含量(質量%)を除いた含量を、乳糖含量とする〔100-(タンパク質含量+脂質含量+灰分含量)〕。なお、ホエイタンパク質含有原料(100質量%)中のタンパク質含量(質量%)及び脂質含量(質量%)は、上記の方法を用いて求めることができる。
ホエイタンパク質含有原料を加水分解する方法は、タンパク質を加水分解する方法であればよく、その限りにおいて特に制限されるものではない。例えば、タンパク質分解酵素(プロテアーゼ)で処理する方法、酸またはアルカリ存在下で加熱処理する方法等を例示することができる。好ましくはタンパク質分解酵素で処理する方法である。
ホエイタンパク質含有原料をプロテアーゼ処理、酸存在下で加熱処理、またはアルカリ存在下で加熱処理をすることで得られるホエイタンパク質加水分解物の平均分子量(数平均分子量)は、特に限定するものではないが、通常5000以下程度であることが好ましく、より好ましくは200~1000である。なお、この平均分子量はゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーにより測定することができる。この場合、「較正曲線」の作成に使用される標準ポリマーと溶離液としてはそれぞれプルラン及び水溶液を挙げることができる。
本発明はまたホエイタンパク質加水分解物の臭い低減方法、風味向上方法、または着色抑制方法を提供する。
タンパク質加水分解する前のホエイタンパク質含有原料に含まれる脂質含量と、加水分解後のホエイタンパク質加水分解物の臭い(不快臭)及び風味との関係を調べた。
脂質含量及び乳糖含量の異なるホエイタンパク質含有原料6種(ホエイA~F)を用意し、試験に供した。各ホエイタンパク質含有原料(ホエイA~F)の組成(タンパク質含量、脂質含量、灰分含量、乳糖含量)を表1に示す。なお、ホエイタンパク質含有原料のタンパク質含量、脂質含量及び灰分含量は、それぞれ前述するケルダール法、酸分解法及び直接灰化法に従って求めた。また乳糖含量は、前述する通り、ホエイタンパク質含有原料に含まれるタンパク質、脂質、及び灰分の量以外の量として、計算から求めた。
得られた各ホエイタンパク質加水分解液の5倍希釈液(以下、これを「試料」と称する)を用いて、20代から40代の男女10名からなる、ホエイタンパク質加水分解液の臭いと味についてよく訓練された被験者パネルによる官能試験を行い、ホエイタンパク質加水分解液の(A)臭い、及び(B)風味を評価した。
0:臭いを全く感じない
2:臭いを知覚できる程度に感じる(不快ではない)
4:わずかに不快臭を感じる
6:強くはないが、不快臭を感じる
8:不快臭を感じる
10:強い不快臭を感じる。
+5:非常に好ましい風味
+3:好ましい風味
+1:やや好ましい風味
0:ホエイAと同等
-1:やや好ましくない風味
-3:好ましくない風味
-5:非常に好ましくない風味。
(A)臭い評価
各被験者パネルの臭い評価結果の平均値と試験に使用したホエイタンパク質含有原料の脂質含量との相関を示した結果を、ホエイタンパク質含有原料の加水分解処理に使用した酵素(プロテアーゼM、プロテアーゼP)別に、図1(A)(プロテアーゼM)及び図1(B)(プロテアーゼP)に示した。
各被験者パネルの風味評価結果の平均値と試験に使用したホエイタンパク質含有原料の脂質含量との相関を示した結果を、ホエイタンパク質含有原料の加水分解処理に使用した酵素(プロテアーゼM、プロテアーゼP)別に、図2(A)(プロテアーゼM)及び図2(B)(プロテアーゼP)に示した。
これらのことから、臭いが少なく、風味(苦味や雑味、及び不快臭)が良好なホエイタンパク質加水分解物を調製するためには原料(基質)として脂質含量の少ないホエイタンパク質含有原料、好ましくは脂質含量が1質量%以下、より好ましくは1質量%未満のホエイタンパク質含有原料を使用することが必要であるといえる。
タンパク質加水分解する前のホエイタンパク質含有原料に含まれる乳糖含量と、加水分解後のホエイタンパク質加水分解物の経時的着色との関係を調べた。
実験例1で調製した12種類のホエイタンパク質加水分解液〔酵素2種(プロテアーゼM、プロテアーゼP)×ホエイタンパク質6種(ホエイA~F)〕を、80℃の暗所条件下に2日間保存した際の保存前後の着色を吸光度(420nm)で測定し、比較した。
ホエイタンパク質加水分解液の保存前後の吸光度(420nm)の差と試験に使用したホエイタンパク質含有原料の乳糖含量との相関を示した結果を、ホエイタンパク質含有原料の加水分解処理に使用した酵素(プロテアーゼM、プロテアーゼP)別に、図3(A)(プロテアーゼM)及び図3(B)(プロテアーゼP)に示す。
Claims (14)
- (a)脂質含量が1質量%未満、または/および(b)乳糖含量が1質量%未満である、ホエイタンパク質含有原料を加水分解処理に供する工程を有する、ホエイタンパク質加水分解物の製造方法。
- 前記ホエイタンパク質含有原料の脂質含量及び乳糖含量がいずれも1質量%未満である、請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 加水分解処理が酵素処理である請求項1に記載する製造方法。
- 酵素処理がプロテアーゼを用いた処理である請求項3に記載する製造方法。
- 前記ホエイタンパク質含有原料が少なくとも(a)脂質含量が1質量%未満であり、臭いが少なく風味良好なホエイタンパク質加水分解物を得る方法である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載する製造方法。
- 前記ホエイタンパク質含有原料が少なくとも(b)乳糖含量が1質量%未満であり、経時的着色が抑制されたホエイタンパク質加水分解物を得る方法である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載する製造方法。
- 脂質含量が1質量%未満のホエイタンパク質含有原料を加水分解処理に供してホエイタンパク質加水分解物を調製する工程を有する、ホエイタンパク質加水分解物の臭い低減または/および風味向上方法。
- 上記ホエイタンパク質含有原料が乳糖含量が1質量%未満である、請求項7記載の臭い低減または/および風味向上方法。
- 前記加水分解処理が酵素処理である請求項7または8に記載する臭い低減または/および風味向上方法。
- 酵素処理がプロテアーゼを用いた処理である、請求項9に記載する臭い低減または/および風味向上方法。
- 乳糖含量が1質量%未満であるホエイタンパク質含有原料を加水分解処理に供してホエイタンパク質加水分解物を調製する工程を有する、ホエイタンパク質加水分解物の経時的着色を抑制する方法。
- 上記ホエイタンパク質含有原料の脂質含量が1質量%未満である、請求項11に記載する着色抑制方法。
- 前記加水分解処理が酵素処理である請求項11に記載する着色抑制方法。
- 酵素処理がプロテアーゼを用いた処理である、請求項13に記載する着色抑制方法。
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- 2017-10-30 US US16/344,523 patent/US11477999B2/en active Active
- 2017-10-30 JP JP2018547813A patent/JP7084873B2/ja active Active
- 2017-10-30 CN CN201780066364.1A patent/CN109890974A/zh active Pending
- 2017-10-30 AU AU2017351523A patent/AU2017351523A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-10-30 TW TW106137319A patent/TWI741056B/zh active
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JP2020068668A (ja) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-07 | 森永乳業株式会社 | 乳蛋白質加水分解物及びその製造方法 |
JP7252733B2 (ja) | 2018-10-29 | 2023-04-05 | 森永乳業株式会社 | 乳蛋白質加水分解物の製造方法 |
CN112790390A (zh) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-05-14 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股份有限公司 | 一种治疗低蛋白血症的肠内营养制剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
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TWI741056B (zh) | 2021-10-01 |
SG11201903632VA (en) | 2019-05-30 |
JP7084873B2 (ja) | 2022-06-15 |
JPWO2018079762A1 (ja) | 2019-09-19 |
CN109890974A (zh) | 2019-06-14 |
US11477999B2 (en) | 2022-10-25 |
US20190239538A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
AU2017351523A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
TW201826938A (zh) | 2018-08-01 |
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