Classifications

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  • A61K38/4886—Metalloendopeptidases (3.4.24), e.g. collagenase
  • A61K38/4893—Botulinum neurotoxin (3.4.24.69)
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  • A61K47/20—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing sulfur, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], docusate, sodium lauryl sulfate or aminosulfonic acids
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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• the present invention relates to solid and liquid pharmaceutical compositions comprising a clostridial toxin active ingredient and one or more non-protein excipient.
• a pharmaceutical composition is a formulation which contains at least one active ingredient (such as a Clostridial toxin) as well as, for example, one or more excipients, buffers, carriers, stabilizers, preservatives and/or bulking agents, and is suitable for administration to a patient to achieve a desired diagnostic result or therapeutic effect.
• active ingredient such as a Clostridial toxin
• excipients such as a Clostridial toxin
• a pharmaceutical composition can be formulated as a lyophilized (i.e. freeze dried) or vacuum dried powder which can be reconstituted with a suitable fluid, such as saline or water, prior to administration to a patient.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated as an aqueous solution or suspension.
• a pharmaceutical composition can contain a proteinaceous active ingredient.
• a protein active ingredient can be very difficult to stabilize (i.e. maintained in a state where loss of biological activity is minimized), thereby resulting in a loss of protein and/or loss of protein activity during the formulation, reconstitution (if required) and storage of the pharmaceutical composition prior to use.
• Stability problems can arise due to surface adsorption of a protein active ingredient, physical instability, such as, e.g. , denaturation or aggregation, or chemical instability, such as, e.g. , cross- linking, deamidation, isomerization, oxidation, formation of acidic or basic species, Maillard reaction, and fragmentation.
• physical instability such as, e.g. , denaturation or aggregation
• chemical instability such as, e.g. , cross- linking, deamidation, isomerization, oxidation, formation of acidic or basic species, Maillard reaction, and fragmentation.
• albumin and gelatin have been used to stabilize a protein active ingredient present in a pharmaceutical composition.
• Clostridial toxins are large proteins having an average molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa, and are further complexed with non-toxin associated proteins that increase the size to approximately 300-900-kDa.
• the size of a Clostridial toxin complex makes it much more fragile and labile than smaller, less complex proteins, thereby compounding the formulation and handling difficulties if Clostridial toxin stability is to be maintained.
• non-protein excipients such as, e.g.
• stabilizers, cryo-protectants and lyo-protectants must be able to interact with the Clostridial toxin active ingredient in a manner which does not denature, fragment or otherwise inactivate the toxin or cause disassociation of the non-toxin associated proteins present in the toxin complex.
• Clostridial toxin active ingredient Another problem associated with a Clostridial toxin active ingredient, is the exceptional safety, precision, and accuracy that is necessary for at all steps of the formulation process. Thus, a non-protein excipient should not itself be toxic or difficult to handle so as to not exacerbate the already extremely stringent requirements.
• Clostridial toxin active ingredient is the enormous low amounts of Clostridial toxin that is used in a pharmaceutical composition.
• the biological activities of the Clostridial toxins are dependant, at least in part, upon their three dimensional conformation.
• a Clostridial toxin is detoxified by heat, various chemicals, surface stretching, and surface drying.
• dilution of a Clostridial toxin complex obtained by the known culturing, fermentation and purification methods results in rapid inactivation of the toxin.
• Clostridial toxin active ingredient that is used in a pharmaceutical composition, makes this active ingredient very susceptible to adsorption to, e.g. , the surfaces of laboratory glassware, vessels, to the vial in which the pharmaceutical composition is reconstituted and to the inside surface of a syringe used to inject the pharmaceutical composition.
• adsorption of a Clostridial toxin active ingredient to surfaces can lead to a loss of active ingredient and to denaturation of the remaining Clostridial toxin active ingredient, both of which reduce the total activity of the active ingredient present in the pharmaceutical composition.
• non-protein excipients such as, e.g., stabilizers, cryo-protectants and lyo-protectants must be able to act as surface blockers to prevent the adsorption of a Clostridial toxin active ingredient to a surface.
• Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition wherein a Clostridial toxin active ingredient (such as a botulinum toxin) is stabilized by a non-protein excipient.
• the present invention relates to solid and liquid Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical compositions with one or more non-protein excipients which functions to stabilize the Clostridial toxin active ingredient present in the solid or liquid pharmaceutical composition.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Clostridial toxin active ingredient, a tonicity agent, a surfactant and an antioxidant.
• the pharmaceutical compositions comprisies a botulinum toxin.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises trehalose.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises sodium chloride.
• the composition comprises a poloxamer and/or a polysorbate.
• the composition comprises poloxamer 188 and/or polysorbate 20.
• the antioxidant comprises L-methionine, N-Acetyl- cystein, and/or ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid sodium salt (EDTA) or an EDTA analog.
• the composition further comprises a buffering agent.
• the buffering agent includes histidine buffer.
• the composition has a pH of from 5 to 7.
• the composition is a liquid formulation.
• the composition is a solid formulation.
• the present disclosure provides a liquid pharmaceutical composition comprising a clostridial toxin derivative, trehalose, poloxamer 188 or polysorbate 20, and L- methionine or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC).
• the liquid pharmaceutical composition comprises a botulinum toxin.
• the liquid pharmaceutical composition further comprises EDTA or an EDTA analog.
• the liquid pharmaceutical composition comprises a histidine buffer.
• the pH of the liquid pharmaceutical composition ranges from 5 to 7.
• the relative weight amount of L-methionine ranges from about 0.1% to about 0.3%.
• the relative weight amount of NAC ranges from about 0.1 % to about 0.5%.
• the relative weight amount of EDTA ranges from about 0.01% to about 0.05%.
• the relative weight amount of trehalose ranges from about 1.0 to about 10%.
• the relative weight amount of poloxamer 188 ranges from about 2% to about 5%.
• the relative weight amount of polysorbate 20 ranges from about 0.02% to about 0.06%.
• the present disclosure provides a solid pharmaceutical composition
• a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising a botulinum toxin, trehalose, poloxamer 188 or polysorbate 20, NAC and EDTA or an EDTA analog.
• the solid pharmaceutical composition comprises a botulinum toxin, trehalose, poloxamer 188 and L-methionine.
• the solid pharmaceutical composition further comprises histidine buffer.
• the relative weight amount of L-methionine ranges from about 0.1% to about 0.3%.
• the relative weight amount of NAC ranges from about 0.01 % to about 0.05%.
• the relative weight amount of EDTA ranges from about 0.01% to about 0.05%.
• the relative weight amount of trehalose ranges from about 1.0 to about 10%. In some embodiments, the relative weight amount of poloxamer 188 ranges from about 0.5% to about 5%. In some embodiments, the relative weight amount of polysorbate 20 ranges from about 0.02% to about 0.06%.
• compositions of the present invention provide stable liquid or solid pharmaceutical composition comprising a clostridical toxin derivative, a disaccharide, a surfactant and an antioxidant.
• Certain embodiments also provide methods for the treatment of various diseases, disorders, and conditions, including, for example, depression, headache (such as, for example, migraine, tension headache, and the like), pain, hyperhidrosis, muscle spasticity, cervical dystonia, blepherospasm, overactive bladder (neurogenic detrusor overactivity, and idiopathic overactive bladder), skin conditions including, for example, wrinkles, irregularities, depressions, and the like using the compositions provided according to aspect of the present invention.
• Embodiments can include various administration techniques, including, for example, injection, such as intramusclular, intracutaneous, subcutaneous, or the like, instillation, intravenous, transdermal, and topical.
• “About” or “approximately” as used herein means within an acceptable error range for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend in part on how the value is measured or determined, (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within 1 or more than 1 standard deviations, per practice in the art. Where particular values are described in the application and claims, unless otherwise stated, the term “about” means within an acceptable error range for the particular value.
• administering means the step of giving (i.e. administering) a pharmaceutical composition to a subject, or alternatively a subject receiving a pharmaceutical composition.
• the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be locally administered by various methods. For example, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous administration, intrathecal administration, intraperitoneal administration, topical (transdermal), instillation, and implantation (for example, of a slow-release device such as polymeric implant or miniosmotic pump) can all be appropriate routes of administration.
• alleviating means a reduction in the occurrence of a pain, of a headache, or of any symptom or cause of a condition or disorder. Thus, alleviating includes some reduction, significant reduction, near total reduction, and total reduction.
• an animal protein free pharmaceutical composition can include a botulinum neurotoxin.
• an "animal protein free” pharmaceutical composition means a pharmaceutical composition which is either substantially free or essentially free or entirely free of a serum derived albumin, gelatin and other animal derived proteins, such as immunoglobulins.
• an animal protein free pharmaceutical composition is a pharmaceutical composition which comprises or which consists of a botulinum toxin (as the active ingredient) and a suitable polysaccharide as a stabilizer or excipient.
• Biological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient but can be modified by the other constituents. Biological activity can be assessed as potency or as toxicity by an in vivo LD 50 or ED 50 assay, or through an in vitro assay such as, for example, cell-based potency assays as described in U.S. 20100203559 and U.S. 20100233802.
• Botulinum toxin means a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, as well as a botulinum toxin (or the light chain or the heavy chain thereof) made recombinantly by a non- Clostridial species.
• botulinum toxin encompasses the botulinum toxin serotypes A, B, C, D, E, F and G, and their subtypes and any other types of subtypes thereof, or any re-engineered proteins, analogs, derivatives, homologs, parts, sub-parts, variants, or versions, in each case, of any of the foregoing.
• botulinum toxin also encompasses a “modified botulinum toxin”. Further “botulinum toxin” as used herein also encompasses a botulinum toxin complex, (for example, the 300, 600 and 900kDa complexes), as well as the neurotoxic component of the botulinum toxin (150 kDa) that is unassociated with the complex proteins.
• Clostridial toxin refers to any toxin produced by a Clostridial toxin strain that can execute the overall cellular mechanism whereby a Clostridial toxin intoxicates a cell and encompasses the binding of a Clostridial toxin to a low or high affinity Clostridial toxin receptor, the internalization of the toxin/receptor complex, the translocation of the Clostridial toxin light chain into the cytoplasm and the enzymatic modification of a Clostridial toxin substrate.
• Clostridial toxins include a Botulinum toxin like BoNT/A, a BoNT/B, a BoNT/Ci, a BoNT/D, a BoNT/E, a BoNT/F, a BoNT/G, a Tetanus toxin (TeNT), a Baratii toxin (BaNT), and a Butyricum toxin (BuNT).
• Botulinum toxin like BoNT/A, a BoNT/B, a BoNT/Ci, a BoNT/D, a BoNT/E, a BoNT/F, a BoNT/G, a Tetanus toxin (TeNT), a Baratii toxin (BaNT), and a Butyricum toxin (BuNT).
• Clostridial toxin includes, without limitation, naturally occurring Clostridial toxin variants, such as, e.g., Clostridial toxin isoforms and Clostridial toxin subtypes; non-naturally occurring Clostridial toxin variants, such as, e.g. , conservative Clostridial toxin variants, non-conservative Clostridial toxin variants, Clostridial toxin chimeric variants and active Clostridial toxin fragments thereof, or any combination thereof.
• a Clostridial toxin disclosed herein also includes a Clostridial toxin complex.
• Clostridial toxin complex refers to a complex comprising a Clostridial toxin and non-toxin associated proteins (NAPs), such as, e.g. , a Botulinum toxin complex, a Tetanus toxin complex, a Baratii toxin complex, and a Butyricum toxin complex.
• NAPs non-toxin associated proteins
• Non-limiting examples of Clostridial toxin complexes include those produced by a Clostridium botulinum, such as, e.g.
• a 900-kDa BoNT/A complex a 500-kDa BoNT/A complex, a 300-kDa BoNT/A complex, a 500-kDa BoNT/B complex, a 500-kDa B0NT/C 1 complex, a 500-kDa BoNT/D complex, a 300-kDa BoNT/D complex, a 300- kDa BoNT/E complex, and a 300-kDa BoNT/F complex.
• Clostridial toxin active ingredient refers to a molecule which contains any part of a clostridial toxin that exerts an effect upon or after administration to a subject or patient.
• the term "clostridial toxin active ingredient” encompasses a Clostridial toxin complex comprising the approximately 150-kDa Clostridial toxin and other proteins collectively called non- toxin associated proteins (NAPs), the approximately 150-kDa Clostridial toxin alone, or a modified Clostridial toxin, such as, e.g., a re-targeted Clostridial toxins.
• NAPs non- toxin associated proteins
• Deformity means a cosmetic, physical or functional irregularity, defect, abnormality, imperfection, malformation, depression, or distortion.
• Effective amount as applied to the biologically active ingredient means that amount of the ingredient which is generally sufficient to effect a desired change in the subject. For example, where the desired effect is a reduction in an autoimmune disorder symptom, an effective amount of the ingredient is that amount which causes at least a substantial reduction of the autoimmune disorder symptom, and without resulting in significant toxicity.
• Effective amount when used in reference to the amount of an excipient or specific combination of excipients added to a Clostridial toxin composition, refers to the amount of each excipient that is necessary to achieve the desired initial recovered potency of a Clostridial toxin active ingredient.
• an effective amount of an excipient or combination of excipients results in an initial recovered potency of, e.g., at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% or at least 100%.
• a therapeutically effective concentration of a Clostridial toxin active ingredient reduces a symptom associated with the aliment being treated by, e.g., at most 10%, at most 20%,at most 30%, at most 40%, at most 50%, at most 60%, at most 70%, at most 80%, at most 90% or at most 100%.
• Heavy chain means the heavy chain of a botulinum neurotoxin. It has a molecular weight of about lOOkDa and can be referred to as the H chain, or as H.
• He means a fragment (about 50kDa) derived from the H chain of a botulinum neurotoxin which is approximately equivalent to the carboxyl end segment of the H chain, or the portion corresponding to that fragment in the intact H chain. It is believed to be immunogenic and to contain the portion of the natural or wild type botulinum neurotoxin involved in high affinity, presynaptic binding to motor neurons.
• H N means a fragment (about 50kDa) derived from the H chain of a botulinum neurotoxin which is approximately equivalent to the amino end segment of the H chain, or the portion corresponding to that fragment in the intact in the H chain. It is believed to contain the portion of the natural or wild type botulinum neurotoxin involved in the translocation of the L chain across an intracellular endosomal membrane.
• Light chain means the light chain of a clostridial neurotoxin. It has a molecular weight of about 50kDa, and can be referred to as the L chain, L, or as the proteolytic domain (amino acid sequence) of a botulinum neurotoxin.
• LH N or L-H N means a fragment derived from a clostridial neurotoxin that contains the L chain, or a functional fragment thereof coupled to the H N domain It can be obtained from the intact clostridial neurotoxin by proteolysis, so as to remove or to modify the He domain.
• Implant means a controlled release (e.g., pulsatile or continuous) composition or drug delivery system.
• the implant can be, for example, injected, inserted or implanted into a human body.
• “Local administration” means direct administration of a pharmaceutical at or to the vicinity of a site on or within an animal body, at which site a biological effect of the pharmaceutical is desired, such as via, for example, intramuscular or intra- or subdermal injection or topical administration. Local administration excludes systemic routes of administration, such as intravenous or oral administration. Topical administration is a type of local administration in which a pharmaceutical agent is applied to a patient's skin.
• Modified botulinum toxin means a botulinum toxin that has had at least one of its amino acids deleted, modified, or replaced, as compared to a native botulinum toxin. Additionally, the modified botulinum toxin can be a recombinantly produced neurotoxin, or a derivative or fragment of a recombinantly made neurotoxin. A modified botulinum toxin retains at least one biological activity of the native botulinum toxin, such as, the ability to bind to a botulinum toxin receptor, or the ability to inhibit neurotransmitter release from a neuron.
• modified botulinum toxin is a botulinum toxin that has a light chain from one botulinum toxin serotype (such as serotype A), and a heavy chain from a different botulinum toxin serotype (such as serotype B).
• a modified botulinum toxin is a botulinum toxin coupled to a neurotransmitter, such as substance P.
• “Mutation” means a structural modification of a naturally occurring protein or nucleic acid sequence.
• a mutation can be a deletion, addition or substitution of one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence.
• the mutation can be a deletion, addition or substitution of one or more amino acids in a protein sequence.
• a specific amino acid comprising a protein sequence can be substituted for another amino acid, for example, an amino acid selected from a group which includes the amino acids alanine, aspargine, cysteine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methionine, proline, glutamine, arginine, serine, threonine, valine, tryptophan, tyrosine or any other natural or non-naturally occurring amino acid or chemically modified amino acids.
• Mutations to a protein sequence can be the result of mutations to DNA sequences that when transcribed, and the resulting mRNA translated, produce the mutated protein sequence. Mutations to a protein sequence can also be created by fusing a peptide sequence containing the desired mutation to a desired protein sequence.
• Patient means a human or non-human subject receiving medical or veterinary care. Accordingly, the compositions as disclosed herein can be used in treating any animal, such as, for example, mammals, or the like.
• Peripherally administering or “peripheral administration” means subdermal, intradermal, transdermal, or subcutaneous administration, but excludes intramuscular administration.
• Periodic administration means in a subdermal location, and excludes visceral sites.
• “Pharmaceutical composition” means a composition comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient, such as, for example, a clostridial toxin active ingredient such as a botulinum toxin, and at least one additional ingredient, such as, for example, a stabilizer or excipient or the like.
• a pharmaceutical composition is therefore a formulation which is suitable for diagnostic or therapeutic administration to a subject, such as a human patient.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be, for example, in a lyophilized or vacuum dried condition, a solution formed after reconstitution of the lyophilized or vacuum dried pharmaceutical composition, or as a solution or solid which does not require reconstitution.
• “Pharmacologically acceptable excipient” is synonymous with “pharmacological excipient” or “excipient” and refers to any excipient that has substantially no long term or permanent detrimental effect when administered to mammal and encompasses compounds such as, e.g. , stabilizing agent, a bulking agent, a cryo-protectant, a lyo-protectant, an additive, a vehicle, a carrier, a diluent, or an auxiliary.
• An excipient generally is mixed with an active ingredient, or permitted to dilute or enclose the active ingredient and can be a solid, semi-solid, or liquid agent.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Clostridial toxin active ingredient can include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that facilitate processing of an active ingredient into pharmaceutically acceptable compositions.
• any pharmacologically acceptable excipient is not incompatible with the Clostridial toxin active ingredient, its use in pharmaceutically acceptable compositions is contemplated.
• Non-limiting examples of pharmacologically acceptable excipients can be found in, e.g. , Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems (Howard C. Ansel et al, eds., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers, 7 th ed. 1999); Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Alfonso R.
• the constituent ingredients of a pharmaceutical composition can be included in a single composition (that is, all the constituent ingredients, except for any required reconstitution fluid, are present at the time of initial compounding of the pharmaceutical composition) or as a two- component system, for example a vacuum-dried composition reconstituted with a reconstitution vehicle which can, for example, contain an ingredient not present in the initial compounding of the pharmaceutical composition.
• a two-component system can provide several benefits, including that of allowing incorporation of ingredients which are not sufficiently compatible for long-term shelf storage with the first component of the two component system.
• the reconstitution vehicle may include a preservative which provides sufficient protection against microbial growth for the use period, for example one-week of refrigerated storage, but is not present during the two-year freezer storage period during which time it might degrade the toxin.
• Other ingredients which may not be compatible with a botulinum toxin or other ingredients for long periods of time, can be incorporated in this manner; that is, added in a second vehicle (e.g. in the reconstitution vehicle) at the approximate time of use.
• a pharmaceutical composition can also include preservative agents such as benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, phenol, parabens and sorbic acid.
• compositions can include, for example, excipients, such as surface active agents; dispersing agents; inert diluents; granulating and disintegrating agents; binding agents; lubricating agents; preservatives; physiologically degradable compositions such as gelatin; aqueous vehicles and solvents; oily vehicles and solvents; suspending agents; dispersing or wetting agents; emulsifying agents, demulcents; buffers; salts; thickening agents; fillers; antioxidants; stabilizing agents; and pharmaceutically acceptable polymeric or hydrophobic materials and other ingredients known in the art and described, for example in Genaro, ed., 1985, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., which is incorporated herein by reference.
• excipients such as surface active agents; dispersing agents; inert diluents; granulating and disintegrating agents; binding agents; lubricating agents; preservatives; physiologically degradable compositions such as gelatin;
• Tonicity agent means a low molecular weight excipient which is included in a formulation to provide isotonicity.
• Disaccharide such as trehalose or sucrose
• polyalcohol such as sorbitol or mannitol
• monosaccharide such as glucose
• salt such as sodium chloride
• Polysaccharide means a polymer of more than two saccharide molecule monomers.
• the monomers can be identical or different.
• Stabilizing agent means a substance that acts to stabilize a Clostridial toxin active ingredient such that the potency of the pharmaceutical composition is increased relative to an unstabilized composition.
• Stabilizers can include excipients, and can include protein and non-protein molecules.
• Therapeutic formulation means a formulation can be used to treat and thereby alleviate a disorder or a disease, such as, for example, a disorder or a disease characterized by hyperactivity (i.e. spasticity) of a peripheral muscle.
• TEM as used herein, is synonymous with "Targeted Exocytosis Modulator” or "retargeted endopeptidase.”
• a TEM comprises an enzymatic domain from a Clostridial toxin light chain, a translocation domain from a Clostridial toxin heavy chain, and a targeting domain.
• the targeting domain of a TEM provides an altered cell targeting capability that targets the molecule to a receptor other than the native Clostridial toxin receptor utilized by a naturally- occurring Clostridial toxin.
• This re-targeted capability is achieved by replacing the naturally- occurring binding domain of a Clostridial toxin with a targeting domain having a binding activity for a non-Clostridial toxin receptor.
• a TEM undergoes all the other steps of the intoxication process including internalization of the TEM/receptor complex into the cytoplasm, formation of the pore in the vesicle membrane and di- chain molecule, translocation of the enzymatic domain into the cytoplasm, and exerting a proteolytic effect on a component of the SNARE complex of the target cell.
• Topical administration excludes systemic administration of the neurotoxin. In other words, and unlike conventional therapeutic transdermal methods, topical administration of botulinum toxin does not result in significant amounts, such as the majority of, the neurotoxin passing into the circulatory system of the patient.
• Treating means to alleviate (or to eliminate) at least one symptom of a condition or disorder, such as, for example, wrinkles, spasticity, depression, pain (such as, for example, headache pain), bladder overactivity, or the like, either temporarily or permanently.
• a condition or disorder such as, for example, wrinkles, spasticity, depression, pain (such as, for example, headache pain), bladder overactivity, or the like, either temporarily or permanently.
• Variant means a clostridial neurotoxin, such as wild-type botulinum toxin serotype A, B, C, D, E, F or G, that has been modified by the replacement, modification, addition or deletion of at least one amino acid relative to wild-type botulinum toxin, which is recognized by a target cell, internalized by the target cell, and catalytically cleaves a SNARE (SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) Receptor) protein in the target cell.
• SNARE Soluble NSF Attachment Protein
• An example of a variant neurotoxin component can comprise a variant light chain of a botulinum toxin having one or more amino acids substituted, modified, deleted and/or added.
• This variant light chain may have the same or better ability to prevent exocytosis, for example, the release of neurotransmitter vesicles.
• the biological effect of a variant may be decreased compared to the parent chemical entity.
• a variant light chain of a botulinum toxin type A having an amino acid sequence removed may have a shorter biological persistence than that of the parent (or native) botulinum toxin type A light chain.
• Certain embodiments of the present invention include a pharmaceutical composition comprising (or consisting of, or consisting essentially of) a Clostridial toxin active ingredient such as a botulinum toxin, a disaccharide, a surfactant and an antioxidant.
• a Clostridial toxin active ingredient such as a botulinum toxin, a disaccharide, a surfactant and an antioxidant.
• Clostridial toxin active ingredient refers to a therapeutically effective concentration of a Clostridial toxin active ingredient, such as, e.g., a Clostridial toxin complex, a Clostridial toxin, a modified Clostridial toxin, or a re-targeted Clostridial toxin.
• a therapeutically effective concentration is synonymous with “therapeutically effective amount,” “effective amount,” “effective dose,” and “therapeutically effective dose” and refers to the minimum dose of a Clostridial toxin active ingredient necessary to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and includes a dose sufficient to reduce a symptom associated with aliment being treated.
• a therapeutically effective concentration of a Clostridial toxin active ingredient reduces a symptom associated with the aliment being treated by, e.g. , at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% or at least 100%.
• a therapeutically effective concentration of a Clostridial toxin active ingredient reduces a symptom associated with the aliment being treated by, e.g. , at most 10%, at most 20%, at most 30%, at most 40%, at most 50%, at most 60%, at most 70%, at most 80%, at most 90% or at most 100%.
• any amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient can be added in formulating a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical compositions disclosed in the present specification, with the proviso that a therapeutically effective amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient is recoverable.
• the amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient added to the formulation is at least 0.1 U/ml, at least 1.0 U/ml, at least 10 U/ml, at least 50 U/ml, at least 100 U/ml, at least 200 U/ml, or at least 1000 U/ml.
• the amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient added to the formulation is at most 0.1 U/ml, at most 1.0 U/ml, at most 10 U/ml, at most 50 U/ml, at most 100 U/ml, at most 200 U/ml, or at most 1000 U/ml. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient added to the formulation is from about 0.1 U/ml to about 1000 U/ml, or about 1.0 U/ml to about 1000 U/ml.
• the amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient added to the formulation is from about 0.001 U/ml to about 100 U/ml, about 0.01 U/ml to about 100 U/ml, about 0.1 U/ml to about 100 U/ml, or about 1.0 U/ml to about 100 U/ml.
• the term "unit" or "U” is refers to the LD50 dose, which is defined as the amount of a Clostridial toxin, Clostridial toxin complex or modified Clostridial toxin that killed 50% of the mice injected with the Clostridial toxin, Clostridial toxin complex or modified Clostridial toxin.
• the term "about” when qualifying a value of a stated item, number, percentage, or term refers to a range of plus or minus ten percent of the value of the stated item, percentage, parameter, or term.
• the amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient added to the formulation is at least 1.0 pg, at least 10 pg, at least 100 pg, at least 1.0 ng, at least 10 ng, at least 100 ng, at least 1.0 ⁇ g, at least 10 ⁇ g, at least 100 ⁇ g, or at least 1.0 mg.
• the amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient added to the formulation is at most 1.0 pg, at most 10 pg, at most 100 pg, at most 1.0 ng, at most 10 ng, at most 100 ng, at most 1.0 ⁇ g, at most 10 ⁇ g, at most 100 ⁇ g, or at most 1.0 mg. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient added to the formulation is about 1.0 pg to about 10 ⁇ g, about 10 pg to about 10 ⁇ g, about 100 pg to about 10 ⁇ g, about 1.0 ng to about 10 ⁇ g, about 10 ng to about 10 ⁇ g, or about 100 ng to about 10 ⁇ g.
• the amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient added to the formulation is about 1.0 pg to about 1.0 ⁇ g, about 10 pg to about 1.0 ⁇ g, about 100 pg to about 1.0 ⁇ g, about 1.0 ng to about 1.0 ⁇ g, about 10 ng to about 1.0 ⁇ g, or about 100 ng to about 1.0 ⁇ g.
• the amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient added to the formulation is about 1.0 pg to about 5.0 ⁇ g, about 10 pg to about 5.0 ⁇ g, about 100 pg to about 5.0 ⁇ g, about 1.0 ng to about 5.0 ⁇ g, about 10 ng to about 5.0 ⁇ g, or about 100 ng to about 5.0 ⁇ g.
• the amount of Clostridial toxin active ingredient added to the formulation is about 1.0 pg to about 10 ⁇ g, about 10 pg to about 10 ⁇ g, about 100 pg to about 10 ⁇ g, about 1.0 ng to about 10 ⁇ g, about 10 ng to about 10 ⁇ g, or about 100 ng to about 10 ⁇ g.
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a BoNT/A, a BoNT/B, a BoNT/Ci, a BoNT/D, a BoNT/E, a BoNT/F, a BoNT/G, a TeNT, a BaNT, or a BuNT.
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a Clostridial toxin variant as the Clostridial toxin active ingredient.
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises naturally-occurring Clostridial toxin variant or a non-naturally-occurring Clostridial toxin variant.
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a BoNT/A variant, a BoNT/B variant, a BoNT/Ci variant, a BoNT/D variant, a BoNT/E variant, a BoNT/F variant, a BoNT/G variant, a TeNT variant, a BaNT variant, or a BuNT variant, where the variant is either a naturally-occurring variant or a non-naturally-occurring variant.
• Clostridial toxin complex refers to a complex comprising a Clostridial toxin and associated NAPs, such as, e.g., a Botulinum toxin complex, a Tetanus toxin complex, a Baratii toxin complex, and a Butyricum toxin complex.
• Non-limiting examples of Clostridial toxin complexes include those produced by a Clostridium botulinum, such as, e.g.
• Clostridial toxin complexes can be purified using the methods described in Schantz, supra, (1992); Hui Xiang et al., Animal Product Free System and Process for Purifying a Botulinum Toxin, U.S.
• Clostridial toxin complexes can be obtained from, e.g. , List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, California), the Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research (Porton Down, U.K), Wako (Osaka, Japan), and Sigma Chemicals (St Louis, Missouri).
• non-protein excipient refers to any excipient that is not a polypeptide comprising at least fifteen amino acids. It is envisioned that any non-protein excipient is useful in formulating a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical compositions disclosed in the present specification, with the proviso that a therapeutically effective amount of the Clostridial toxin active ingredient is recovered using this non-protein excipient.
• compositions provide, in part, a sugar.
• sugar refers to a compound comprising one to 10 monosaccharide units, e.g. , a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a trisaccharide, and an oligosaccharide comprising four to ten monosaccharide units. It is envisioned that any sugar is useful in formulating a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical compositions disclosed in the present specification, with the proviso that a therapeutically effective amount of the Clostridial toxin active ingredient is recovered using this sugar.
• Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones with three or more carbon atoms, including aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as cyclic forms, deoxy sugars and amino sugars, and their derivatives, provided that the parent monosaccharide has a (potential) carbonyl group.
• Monosacchrides include trioses, like glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone; tetroses, like erythrose, erythrulose and threose; pentoses, like arabinose, lyxose, ribose, ribulose, xylose, xylulose; hexoses, like allose, altrose, fructose, fucose,galactose, glucose, gulose, idose, mannose, psicose, rhamnose, sorbose, tagatose, talose and trehalose; heptoses, like sedoheptulose and mannoheptulose; octooses, like octulose and 2-keto-3- deoxy-manno-octonate; nonoses like sialose; and decose.
• trioses like glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone
• Oligosaccharides are compounds in which at least two monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. According to the number of units, they are called disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexoaccharides, heptoaccharides, octoaccharides, nonoaccharides, decoaccharides, etc.
• An oligosaccharide can be unbranched, branched or cyclic.
• Common disaccharides include, without limitation, sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, kojibiose, laminaribiose, mannobiose, melibiose, nigerose, rutinose, and xylobiose.
• Common trisaccharides include, without limitation, raffinose, acarbose, maltotriose, and melezitose.
• Other non-limiting examples of specific uses of sugar excipients can be found in, e.g. , Ansel, supra, (1999); Gennaro, supra, (2000); Hardman, supra, (2001); and Rowe, supra, (2003), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a sugar.
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a monosaccharide.
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a disaccharide, a trisaccharide, a tetrasaccharide, a pentasaccharide, a hexoaccharide, a heptoaccharide, an octoaccharide, a nonoaccharide, or a decoaccharide.
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises an oligosaccharide comprising two to ten monosaccharide units.
• any amount of sugar is useful in formulating a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical compositions disclosed in the present specification, with the proviso that a therapeutically effective amount of the Clostridial toxin active ingredient is recovered using this sugar amount.
• the amount of sugar added to the formulation is about 0.1% (w/w), about 0.5% (w/w), about 1.0% (w/w), about 1.5% (w/w), about 2.0% (w/w), about 2.5% (w/w), about 3.0% (w/w), about 3.5% (w/w), about 4.0% (w/w), about 4.5% (w/w), about 5.0% (w/w), about 5.5% (w/w), about 6.0% (w/w), about 6.5% (w/w), about 7.0% (w/w), about 7.5% (w/w), about 8.0% (w/w), about 8.5% (w/w), about 9.0% (w/w), about 9.5% (w/w), about 10% (w/w), about 15% (w/w), about 20% (w/w), about 25% (w/w), about 30% (w/w), or about 35% (w/w).
• the amount of sugar added to the formulation is at least 0.1% (w/w), at least 0.5% (w/w), at least 1.0% (w/w), at least 1.5% (w/w), at least 2.0% (w/w), at least 2.5% (w/w), at least 3.0% (w/w), at least 3.5% (w/w), at least 4.0% (w/w), at least 4.5% (w/w), at least 5.0% (w/w), at least 5.5% (w/w), at least 6.0% (w/w), at least 6.5% (w/w), at least 7.0% (w/w), at least 7.5% (w/w), at least 8.0% (w/w), at least 8.5% (w/w), at least 9.0% (w/w), at least 9.5% (w/w), at least 10% (w/w), at least 15% (w/w), at least 20% (w/w), at least 25% (w/w), at least 30% (w/w), or at least 35% (w/w).
• the amount of sugar added to the formulation is at most 0.1% (w/w), at most 0.5% (w/w), at most 1.0% (w/w), at most 1.5% (w/w), at most 2.0% (w/w), at most 2.5% (w/w), at most 3.0% (w/w), at most 3.5% (w/w), at most 4.0% (w/w), at most 4.5% (w/w), at most 5.0% (w/w), at most 5.5% (w/w), at most 6.0% (w/w), at most 6.5% (w/w), at most 7.0% (w/w), at most 7.5% (w/w), at most 8.0% (w/w), at most 8.5% (w/w), at most 9.0% (w/w), at most 9.5% (w/w), at most 10% (w/w), at most 15% (w/w), at most 20% (w/w), at most 25% (w/w), at most 30% (w/w), or at most 35% (w/w).
• the present Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a disaccharide.
• disaccharides include, without limitation, sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, kojibiose, laminaribiose, mannobiose, melibiose, nigerose, rutinose, and xylobiose.
• the clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises sucrose.
• the clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises trehalose.
• the amount of disaccharide added to the formulation added to the formulation is about 0.1% (w/w), about 0.5% (w/w), about 1.0% (w/w), about 1.5% (w/w), about 2.0% (w/w), about 2.5% (w/w), about 3.0% (w/w), about 3.5% (w/w), about 4.0% (w/w), about 4.5% (w/w), about 5.0% (w/w), about 5.5% (w/w), about 6.0% (w/w), about 6.5% (w/w), about 7.0% (w/w), about 7.5% (w/w), about 8.0% (w/w), about 8.5% (w/w), about 9.0% (w/w), about 9.5% (w/w), about 10% (w/w), about 15% (w/w), about 20% (w/w), about 25% (w/w), about 30% (w/w), or about 35% (w/w).
• compositions provide, in part, a surfactant.
• surfactant refers to a natural or synthetic amphiphilic compound.
• a surfactant can be non-ionic, zwitterionic, or ionic. It is envisioned that any surfactant is useful in formulating a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical compositions disclosed in the present specification, with the proviso that a therapeutically effective amount of the Clostridial toxin active ingredient is recovered using this surfactant amount.
• Non-limiting examples of surfactants include polysorbates like polysorbate 20 (TWEEN ® 20), polysorbate 40 (TWEEN ® 40), polysorbate 60 (TWEEN ® 60), polysorbate 61 (TWEEN ® 61), polysorbate 65 (TWEEN ® 65), polysorbate 80 (TWEEN ® 80), and polysorbate 81 (TWEEN ® 81); poloxamers (polyethylene-polypropylene copolymers), like Poloxamer 124 (PLURONIC ® L44), Poloxamer 181 (PLURONIC ® L61), Poloxamer 182 (PLURONIC ® L62), Poloxamer 184 (PLURONIC ® L64), Poloxamer 188 (PLURONIC ® F68), Poloxamer 237 (PLURONIC ® F87), Poloxamer 338 (PLURONIC ® L108), Poloxamer 407 (PLURONIC ® F127), polyoxyethyleneg
• surfactant excipients can be found in, e.g. , Ansel, supra, (1999); Gennaro, supra, (2000); Hardman, supra, (2001); and Rowe, supra, (2003), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a surfactant.
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a polysorbate, a poloxamer, a polyoxyethyleneglycol dodecyl ether, 2-dodecoxyethanol , polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3-[(3- Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-l-propanesulfonate, 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-l-propanesulfonate, sucrose monolaurate; or sodium cholate.
• any amount of surfactant is useful in formulating a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical compositions disclosed in the present specification, with the proviso that a therapeutically effective amount of the Clostridial toxin active ingredient is recovered using this surfactant amount.
• the amount of surfactant added to the formulation is about 0.01% (w/w), about 0.02% (w/w), about 0.03% (w/w), about 0.04% (w/w), about 0.05% (w/w), about 0.06% (w/w), about 0.07% (w/w), about 0.08% (w/w), about 0.09% (w/w), about 0.1% (w/w), about 0.5% (w/w), about 1.0% (w/w), about 1.5% (w/w), about 2.0% (w/w), about 2.5% (w/w), about 3.0% (w/w), about 3.5% (w/w), about 4.0% (w/w), about 4.5% (w/w), about 5.0% (w/w), about 5.5% (w/w), about 6.0% (w/w), about 6.5% (w/w), about 7.0% (w/w), about 7.5% (w/w), about 8.0% (w/w), about 8.5% (w/w), about 9.0% (w/w), about 9.5% (w/w), about 9.
• the amount of surfactant added to the formulation is at least 0.01% (w/w), at least 0.02% (w/w), at least 0.03% (w/w), at least 0.04% (w/w), at least 0.05% (w/w), at least 0.06% (w/w), at least 0.07% (w/w), at least 0.08% (w/w), at least 0.09% (w/w), at least 0.1% (w/w), at least 0.5% (w/w), at least 1.0% (w/w), at least 1.5% (w/w), at least 2.0% (w/w), at least 2.5% (w/w), at least 3.0% (w/w), at least 3.5% (w/w), at least 4.0% (w/w), at least 4.5% (w/w), at least 5.0% (w/w), at least 5.5% (w/w), at least 6.0% (w/w), at least 6.5% (w/w), at least 7.0% (w/w), at least 7.5% (w/w), at least 8.
• the amount of surfactant added to the formulation is at most 0.01% (w/w), at most 0.02% (w/w), at most 0.03% (w/w), at most 0.04% (w/w), at most 0.05% (w/w), at most 0.06% (w/w), at most 0.07% (w/w), at most 0.08% (w/w), at most 0.09% (w/w), at most 0.1% (w/w), at most 0.5% (w/w), at most 1.0% (w/w), at most 1.5% (w/w), at most 2.0% (w/w), at most 2.5% (w/w), at most 3.0% (w/w), at most 3.5% (w/w), at most 4.0% (w/w), at most 4.5% (w/w), at most 5.0% (w/w), at most 5.5% (w/w), at most 6.0% (w/w), at most 6.5% (w/w), at most 7.0% (w/w), at most 7.5% (w/w), at most at most 7.5% (w/
• the clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a poloxamer.
• Poloxamers which can be used with the present pharmaceutical composition include Poloxamer 124 (PLURONIC ® L44), Poloxamer 181 (PLURONIC ® L61), Poloxamer 182 (PLURONIC ® L62), Poloxamer 184 (PLURONIC ® L64), Poloxamer 188 (PLURONIC ® F68), Poloxamer 237 (PLURONIC ® F87), Poloxamer 338 (PLURONIC ® L108), Poloxamer 407 (PLURONIC ® F127).
• poloxamer 188 may be more advantageous.
• the clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a polysorbate.
• Polysorbates which can be used with the present pharmaceutical composition includes polysorbate 20 (TWEEN ® 20), polysorbate 40 (TWEEN ® 40), polysorbate 60 (TWEEN ® 60), polysorbate 61 (TWEEN ® 61), polysorbate 65 (TWEEN ® 65), polysorbate 80 (TWEEN ® 80), and polysorbate 81 (TWEEN ® 81).
• polysorbate 20 may be more advantageous than some other polysorbates.
• antioxidants include, without limitation, methionine, cysteine, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), sodium metabi sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxy toluene, vitamin E and analogs including Trolox C; chelators such as EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid sodium salt), DPTA (Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) or DPTA-bisamide, calcium DTP A, and CaNaDPTA-bisamide; or combinations thereof.
• the amount of antioxidant added to the formulation ranges from about 0.01 % (w/w) to about 0.10% (w/w).
• a Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition disclosed in the present specification can optionally include, without limitation, other pharmaceutically acceptable components (or pharmaceutical components), including, without limitation, buffers, preservatives, tonicity adjusters, salts, antioxidants, osmolality adjusting agents, emulsifying agents, sweetening or flavoring agents, and the like.
• buffers include, without limitation, acetate buffers, borate buffers, citrate buffers, phosphate buffers, neutral buffered saline, and phosphate buffered saline.
• an effective pH level is at least about pH 5.0, at least about pH 5.5, at least about pH 6.0, at least about pH 6.5, at least about pH 7.0 or at about about pH 7.5.
• an effective pH level is at most about pH 5.0, at most about pH 5.5, at most about pH 6.0, at most about pH 6.5, at most about pH 7.0 or at most about pH 7.5.
• an effective pH level is about pH 5.0 to about pH 8.0
• an effective pH level is about pH 5.0 to about pH 7.0
• an effective pH level is about pH 5.0 to about pH 6.0
• an effective pH level is about pH 5.5 to about pH 7.0
• an effective pH level is about pH 5.5 to about pH 5.0
• an effective pH level is about pH 5.5 to about pH pH 6.5.
• the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can have a pH of between about 5 and 8 when reconstituted or upon injection.
• the composition will have a pH below 8, such as, for example, 7.9, or 7.8, or 7.7, or 7.6, or 7.5, or 7.4, or 7.3, or 7.2, or 7.1 , or 7.0, or 6.9, or 6.8, or 6.7, or 6.6, or 6.5, or 6.4, or 6.3, or 6.2, or 6.1, or 6.0, or 5.9, or 5.8, or 5.7, or 5.6, or 5.5, or 5.4, or 5.3, or 5.2, or 5.1, or the like.
• the pH ranges from 5 to 7.
• an effective concentration of a buffer is at least 0.1 mM, at least 0.2 mM, at least 0.3 mM, at least 0.4 mM, at least 0.5 mM, at least 0.6 mM, at least 0.7 mM, at least 0.8 mM, or at least 0.9 mM.
• an effective concentration of buffer is at least 1.0 mM, at least 2.0 mM, at least 3.0 mM, at least 4.0 mM, at least 5.0 mM, at least 6.0 mM, at least 7.0 mM, at least 8.0 mM, or at least 9.0 mM.
• an effective concentration of buffer is at least 10 mM, at least 20 mM, at least 30 mM, at least 40 mM, at least 50 mM, at least 60 mM, at least 70 mM, at least 80 mM, or at least 90 mM.
• an effective concentration of buffer is at least 100 mM, at least 200 mM, at least 300 mM, at least 400 mM, at least 500 mM, at least 600 mM, at least 700 mM, at least 800 mM, or at least 900 mM.
• an effective concentration of buffer is at most 0.1 mM, at most 0.2 mM, at most 0.3 mM, at most 0.4 mM, at most 0.5 mM, at most 0.6 mM, at most 0.7 mM, at most 0.8 mM, or at most 0.9 mM.
• an effective concentration of buffer is at most 1.0 mM, at most 2.0 mM, at most 3.0 mM, at most 4.0 mM, at most 5.0 mM, at most 6.0 mM, at most 7.0 mM, at most 8.0 mM, or at most 9.0 mM. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, an effective concentration of buffer is at most 10 mM, at most 20 mM, at most 30 mM, at most 40 mM, at most 50 mM, at most 60 mM, at most 70 mM, at most 80 mM, or at most 90 mM.
• an effective concentration of buffer is at most 100 mM, at most 200 mM, at most 300 mM, at most 400 mM, at most 500 mM, at most 600 mM, at most 700 mM, at most 800 mM, or at most 900 mM.
• an effective concentration of buffer is about 0.1 mM to about 900 mM, 0.1 mM to about 500 mM, 0.1 mM to about 100 mM, 0.1 mM to about 90 mM, 0.1 mM to about 50 mM, 1.0 mM to about 900 mM, 1.0 mM to about 500 mM, 1.0 mM to about 100 mM, 1.0 mM to about 90 mM, or 1.0 mM to about 50 mM.
• Embodiments of the invention can be practiced with a composition that comprises a plurality of botulinum toxin serotypes, such as botulinum toxin serotypes selected from the group consisting of botulinum toxin serotypes A, B, Ci D, E, F and G.
• botulinum toxin serotypes selected from the group consisting of botulinum toxin serotypes A, B, Ci D, E, F and G.
• purified botulinum toxins can be used.
• modified botulinum toxins may be used.
• the Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition can be formulated as a lyophilized (i.e. freeze dried) or vacuum dried powder which can be reconstituted with a suitable fluid, such as saline or water, prior to administration to a patient.
• a suitable fluid such as saline or water
• the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated as an aqueous solution or suspension.
• the solid Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a botulinum toxin, a tonicity agent, a poloxamer and/or a polysorbate and an antioxidant.
• the Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises a botulinum toxin.
• the Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises trehalose.
• the Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprises poloxamer 188 or polysorbate 20.
• the composition comprises EDTA or an EDTA analog.
• the composition comprises methionine and/or NAC. In aspects of these alternative embodiments, the composition further comprises EDTA or an EDTA analog.
• the composition further comprises a buffering agent.
• the compositon comprises histidine buffer.
• the relative weight amounts of trehalose, poloxamer and methionine are within the following ranges respectively: 1 to 10%; 0.5 to 5% and 0.1 to 0.3%.
• the relative weight amounts of trehalose, polysorbate and methionine are within the following ranges respectively: 1 to 10%; 0.02% to 0.06%; and 0.1 to 0.3%.
• the relative weight amount of EDTA or an EDTA analog is from about 0.01 to 0.10%.
• the relative weight amount of NAC ranges from 0.01 to 0.5%.
• the Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a solid (i.e lyophilized or vacuum dried) composition.
• the solid pharmaceutical composition comprises NAC in a relative weight amount of 0.01 to 0.05%.
• the pharmaceutical composition further comprises EDTA or an EDTA analog.
• the solid pharmaceutical composition comprises methionine and EDTA or an EDTA analog.
• the Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a liquid.
• the liquid pharmaceutical composition comprises NAC in a relative weight amount of 0.1 to 0.5%.
• the liquid pharmaceucial composition comprises NAC and EDTA or an EDTA analog.
• the liquid pharmaceutical composition comprises histidine buffer.
• the liquid pharmaceutical composition has a pH from 5 to 7.
• the invention provides methods of treating diseases, disorders, conditions, and the like, comprising the step of administering a pharmaceutical formulation of the invention to a subject in need thereof in an amount sufficient to produce improved patient function.
• the diseases are of a neuromuscular nature, such as, for example, those diseases that affect muscles and nerve control thereof, such as, for example, overactive bladder, and the like.
• Certain embodiments relate to the treatment of pain, such as, for example, treatment of headache pain, or back pain, or muscle pain, or the like.
• methods of the invention encompass the treatment of psychological disorders, including, for example, depression, anxiety, and the like.
• compositions and methods of the invention can be useful for the treatment, reduction of symptoms, and/or prevention of, for example, achalasia, anal fissure, anismus, blepharospasm, cerebral palsy, cervical dystonia, cervicogenic headache, hemifacial spasm, dyshidrotic eczema, dysphagia, dysphonia, esophageal dysmotility, esophageal muscular ring, esotropia (infantile), eyelift, facial myokemia, gait disturbances (idiopathic toe-walking), generalized dystonia, hemifacial spasm, hyperfunctional facial lines (glabellar, forehead, crows' feet, down-turned angles of the mouth), hyperhidrosis, incontinence (idiopathic or neurogenic), medication overuse headache, migraine headache, myoclonus, muscle mass or activity reduction, involving, for example, the masseter or the like, myofascial pain syndrome,
• patients are limited to a maximum of 360U of botulinum toxin administered over any 90-day period. Treatment of nerve / muscle conditions
• the neuromuscular disease is hyperhidrosis.
• a subject suffering from hyperhidrosis receives about 59U per axilla, or about 58U per axilla, or about 57U per axilla, or about 56U per axilla, or about 55U per axilla, or about 54U per axilla, or about 53U per axilla, or about 52U per axilla, or about 51U per axilla, or about 50U per axilla, or about 49U per axilla, or about 48U per axilla, or about 47U per axilla, or about 46U per axilla, or about 45U per axilla, or about 44U per axilla, or about 43U per axilla, or about 42U per axilla, or about 41U per axilla, or about 40U per axilla, or about 39U per axilla, or about 38U per axilla,
• the neuromuscular disease is hemifacial spasm.
• a subject suffering from hemifacial spasm for example receives between about 1.5 to 15U per treatment of a of the pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject receives between about 1.5 to 3U, 1.5 to 5U, 1.5 to 7U, 1.5 to 10U, 1.5 to 12U, 1.5 to 15U, 5 to 10U, 5 to 15U, or 10 to 15U per treatment are administered to a patient with hemifacial spasm.
• the subject receives about 1.5U, about 2U, about 2.5U, about 3U, about 3.5U, about 4U, about 4.5U about 5U, about 5.5U, about 6U, about 6.5U, about 7U, about 7.5U, about 8U, about 8.5U, about 9U, about 9.5U, about 10U, about 10.5U, about 11U, about 11.5U, about 12U, about 12.5U, about 13U, about 13.5U, about 14U, about 14.5U, or about 15U per treatment are administered to a patient with hemifacial spasm. Dosages greater than 15U per treatment may also be administered to patients with hemifacial spasm to achieve a therapeutic response.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the neuromuscular disease is cervical dystonia.
• a subject suffering from cervical dystonia receives between about 15 to 300U per treatment of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject receives between about 35 to 250U, 65 to 200U, 85 to 175U, 105 to 160U, or 125 to 145U are administered to a patient with cervical dystonia.
• dosages to the sternocleidomastoid muscle is limited to 100U or less. Dosages greater than 300U per treatment may also be administered to patients with cervical dystonia to achieve a therapeutic response.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the neuromuscular disease is blepharospasm.
• a subject suffering from blepharospasm receives between about 1.25 to 2.5U of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention injected into the medial and lateral pretarsal orbicularis oculi of the upper lid and into the lateral pretarsal orbicularis oculi of the lower lid.
• the subject receives about 1.5U, about 1.6U, about 1.7U, about 1.8U, about 1.9U, about 2.0U, about 2.1U, about 2.2U, about 2.3U, about 2.4U, about 2.5U, or more, per injection site.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the neuromuscular disease is strabismus.
• a subject suffering from strabismus receives between about 1.25 to 2.5U per injection site of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject recieves about 1.5U, , about 1.6U, about 1.7U, about 1.8U, about 1.9U, about 2.0U, about 2.1U, about 2.2U, about 2.3U, about 2.4U, about 2.5U, or more, per injection site to achieve a therapeutic response.
• lower doses are used for treatment of small deviations.
• vertical muscles and horizontal strabismus of less than 20 prism diameters can be treated with 1.25 to 2.5U per injection site.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the neuromuscular disease is muscle spasticity.
• a subject suffering from muscle spasticity for example, receives between about 20 to 200U per treatment of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject receives between about 20 to 30U, 20 to 40U, 20 to 60U, 20 to 80U, 20 to 100U, 20 to 125U, 20 to 150U, or 20 to 175U per treatment are administered to a patient with muscle spasticity.
• the subject receives about 20U, about 25U, about 30U, about 35U, about 40U, about 45U, about 50U, about 55U, about 60U, about 65U, about 70U, about 75U, about 80U, about 85U, about 90U, about 95U, about 100U, about 105U, about 110U, about 115U, about 120U, about 125U, about 130U, about 135U, about 140U, about 145U, about 150U, about 155U, about 160U, about 165U, about 170U, about 175U, about 180U, about 185U, about 190U, about 195U, or about 200U per treatment are administered to a patient with muscle spasticity.
• the biceps brachii can be injected with between 100U and 200U divided into 4 injection sites.
• the flexor carpi radialis can be injected with between 12.5U and 50U in 1 injection site.
• the flexor carpi ulnaris can be injected with between 12.5U and 50U in 1 injection site.
• the flexor digitorum profundus can be injected with between 30U and 50U in one injection site.
• the flexor digitorum sublimis can be injected with between 30U and 50 in a single injection site. Dosages greater than 200U per treatment may also be administered to patients with muscle spasticity to achieve a therapeutic response.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments. Treatment of pain
• the present invention provides methods for treating pain comprising the step of administering a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention to a subject in need thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce pain.
• the patient suffers from myofascial pain, migraine headache pain, tension headache pain, neuropathic pain, facial pain, lower-back pain, sinus-headache pain, pain associated with temporomandibular joint disease, pain associated with spasticity or cervical dystonia, post-surgical wound pain, or neuralgia.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the patient suffers from facial pain.
• a subject suffering from facial pain for example, receives between about 4 to 40U per treatment of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject receives between about 4 to 10U, 4 to 15U, 4 to 20U, 4 to 25U, 4 to 30U, 4 to 35U, 7 to 15U, 7 to 20U, 7 to 25U, 7 to 30U, 7 to 35U, or 7 to 40U per treatment are administered to a patient suffering from facial pain.
• the subject receives about 4U, about 5U, about 7.5U, about 10U, about 12.5U, about 15U, about 17.5U, about 20.0U, about 22.5U, about 25.0U, about 27.5U, about 30.0U, about 32.5U, about 35U, about 37.5U, or about 40U per treatment are administered to a patient with facial pain. Dosages greater than 40U per treatment may also be administered to patients with facial pain to achieve a therapeutic response.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the patient suffers from myofascial pain.
• a subject suffering from myofascial pain receives between about 5 to 100U per treatment of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject recieves between about 5 to 10U, 5 to 20U, 5 to 30U, 5 to 40 Units, 5 to 50 Units, 5 to 60 Units, 5 to 70 Units, 5 to 80 Units, 5 to 90U, 10 to 20U, 10 to 30U, 10 to 50U, or 10 to 60U, or 10 to 70U, or 10 to 80U, 10 to 90U, or 10 to 100U per treatment are administered to a patient suffering from myofascial pain.
• the subject receives about 5U, about 10U, about 15U, about 20U, about 25U, about 30U, about 35U, about 40U, about 45U, about 50U, about 55U, about 60U, about 65U, about 70U, about 75U, about 80U, about 85U, about 90U, about 95U, or about 100U per treatment are administered to a patient with myofascial pain. Dosages greater than 100U per treatment may also be administered to patients with myofascial pain to achieve a therapeutic response.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the subject suffers from lower-back pain.
• a subject suffering from lower-back pain for example, receives between about 15 to 150U per treatment of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject receives between about 15 to 30U, 15 to 50U, 15 to 75U, 15 to 100U, 15 to 125U, 15 to 150U, 20 to 100U, 20 to 150U, or 100 to 150U per treatment are administered to a patient with lower-back pain.
• the subject receives about 15U, about 20U, about 25U, about 30U, about 35U, about 40U, about 45U, about 50U, about 55U, about 60U, about 65U, about 70U, about 75U, about 80U, about 85U, about 90U, about 95U, about 100U, about 105U, about 110U, about 115U, about 120U, about 125U, about 130U, about 135U, about 140U, about 145U, or about 150U per treatment are administered to a patient with lower-back pain. Dosages greater than 150U per treatment may also be administered to patients with lower-back pain to achieve a therapeutic response.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the patient suffers from migraine headache pain, including wherein the patient suffers from migraine headaches of 4 hours or more 15 or more days per month.
• a subject suffering from migraine-headache pain for example, receives between about 0.5 to 200U per treatment of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention. In a further example, the subject receives between about 5 to 190U, 15 to 180U, 25 to 170U, 35 to 160U, 45 to 150U, 55 to 140U, 65 to 130U, 75 to 120U, 85 to 110U, or 95 to 105U per treatment are administered to a patient suffering from migraineheadache pain.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• about 0.5U, about 1.0U, about 1.5U, about 2.0U, about 2.5U, about 3.0U, about 3.5U, about 4.0U, about 4.5U, about 5.0U, about 5.5U, about 6.0U, about 6.5U, about 7.0U, about 7.5U, about 8.0U, about 8.5U, about 9.0U, about 9.5U, about 10.0U, about 12U, about 15U, about 17U, about 20U, about 22U, about 25U, about 27U, about 30U, about 32U, about 35U, about 37U, about 40U, about 42U, about 45U, about 47U, or about 50U per treatment site are administered to a patient with migraine-headache pain.
• a patient can be treated at multiple sites, such as, for example, 2 sites, 3 sites, 4 sites, 5 sites, 6 sites, 7 sites, 8 sites, 9 sites, 10 sites, 11 sites, 12 sites, 13 sites, 14 sites, 15 sites, 16 sites, 17 sites, 18 sites, 19 sites, 20 sites, 21 sites, 22 sites, 23 sites, 24 sites, 25 sites, 26 sites, 27 sites, 28 sites, 29 sites, 30 sites, 31 sites, 32 sites, or more, or the like.
• a patient suffering from migraine is injected 31 times with 5U per 0.1 mL injection, across the corrugator (2 injections of 5U each), procerus (1 injection of 5U), frontalis (4 injections of 5U each), temporalis (8 injections of 5U each), occipitalis (6 injections of 5U each), cervical paraspinal (4 injections of 5U each), and trapezius (6 injections of 5U each) muscles.
• procerus muscle which can be injected at the midline, all muscles can, in certain embodiments, be injected bilaterally with half of the injection sites to the left and half to the right side of the head and neck.
• Dosages greater than 200U per treatment may also be administered to patients with migraine-headache pain to achieve a therapeutic response.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the patient suffers from sinus-headache pain.
• a subject suffering from sinus-headache pain for example, receives between about 4 to 40U per treatment of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject receives between about 4 to 10U, 4 to 15U, 4 to 20U, 4 to 25U, 4 to 30U, 4 to 35U, 7 to 15U, 7 to 20U, 7 to 25U, 7 to 30U, 7 to 35U, or 7 to 40U per treatment are administered to a patient suffering from sinus-headache pain.
• the subject receives about 4U, about 5U, about 7.5U, about 10U, about 12.5U, about 15U, about 17.5U, about 20.0U, about 22.5U, about 25.0U, about 27.5U, about 30.0U, about 32.5U, about 35U, about 37.5U, or about 40U per treatment are administered to a patient with sinus-headache pain. Dosages greater than 40U per treatment may also be administered to patients with sinus headache-pain to achieve a therapeutic response.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the patient suffers from tension-headache pain.
• a subject suffering from tension-headache pain for example, receives between about 5 to 50U per treatment of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject receives between about 5 to 10U, 5 to 15U, 5 to 20U, 5 to 25U, 5 to 30U, 5 to 35U, 5 to 40U, 5 to 45U, 10 to 20U, 10 to 25U, 10 to 30U, 10 to 35U, 10 to 40U, or 10 to 45U per treatment are administered to a patient with tension-headache pain.
• the subject receives about 5U, about 10U, about 20U, about 25U, about 30U, about 35U, about 40U, about 45U, or about 50U per treatment are administered to a patient with tension-headache pain.
• a patient suffering from tension headache is injected 31 times with 5U per 0.1 mL injection, across the corrugator (2 injections of 5U each), procerus (1 injection of 5U), frontalis (4 injections of 5U each), temporalis (8 injections of 5U each), occipitalis (6 injections of 5U each), cervical paraspinal (4 injections of 5U each), and trapezius (6 injections of 5U each) muscles.
• all muscles can, in certain embodiments, be injected bilaterally with half of the injection sites to the left and half to the right side of the head and neck. Dosages greater than 200U per treatment may also be administered to patients with tension headache pain to achieve a therapeutic response.
• a treatment session can comprise multiple treatments.
• the patient suffers from sinus headache pain or facial pain associated with acute or recurrent chronic sinusitis.
• a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention can be administered to the nasal mucosa or to the subcutaneous structures overlying the sinuses, wherein the administration of the formulation reduces the headache and/or facial pain associated with acute recurrent or chronic sinusitis.
• any of the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention can be administered to the nasal mucosa or to the subcutaneous structures overlying the sinuses, such as over one or more of the sinuses selected from the group consisting of: ethmoid; maxillary; mastoid; frontal; and sphenoid.
• subcutaneous structures overlying the sinuses lie within one or more of the areas selected from the group consisting of: forehead; malar; temporal; post auricular; and lip.
• multiple injections of 5U each are administered to treat the sinus headache pain or facial pain associated with acute or recurrent chronic sinusitis.
• a patient suffering from sinus headache pain or facial pain associated with acute or recurrent chronic sinusitis is treated by administering any of the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention to an afflicted area of the patient.
• the pharmaceutical formulations disclosed herein are administered to the projections of a trigeminal nerve innervating a sinus.
• Patients suffering from sinus headache pain or facial pain associated with acute or recurrent chronic sinusitis often exhibit symptoms including rhinitis, sinus hypersecretion and/or purulent nasal discharge.
• patients treated with the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention exhibit symptoms of sinus hypersecretion and purulent nasal discharge.
• Embodiments of the present invention also provide methods for treating a patient suffering from sinus headache pain or facial pain associated with acute or recurrent chronic sinusitis, wherein the subject suffers from neuralgia.
• the neuralgia is trigeminal neuralgia.
• the neuralgia is: associated with compressive forces on a sensory nerve; associated with intrinsic nerve damage, demyelinating disease, or a genetic disorder; associated with a metabolic disorder; associated with central neurologic vascular disease; or associated with trauma.
• the pain is associated with dental extraction or reconstruction.
• the invention also provide methods for treating a patient suffering from overactive bladder (OAB), such as, for example, that due to a neurologic condition (NOAB), or idiopathic OAB (IO AB).
• OAB overactive bladder
• NOAB neurologic condition
• IO AB idiopathic OAB
• pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention can be administered to the bladder or its vicinity, e.g. the detrusor, wherein the administration of the formulation reduces the urge incontinence associated with overactive bladder.
• the dosage can be, for example, 200U, or more, or less, or the like.
• the dosage can be about 15U, about 20U, about 25U, about 30U, about 35U, about 40U, about 45U, about 50U, about 55U, about 60U, about 65U, about 70U, about 75U, about 80U, about 85U, about 90U, about 95U, about 100U, about 105U, about 110U, about 115U, about 120U, about 125U, about 130U, about 135U, about 140U, about 145U, about 150U, about 160U, about 170U, about 180U, about 190U, about 200U, about 210U, about 220, about 230U, about 240U, or more, or the like, per treatment.
• a patient can be injected at multiple sites, such as, for example, 2 sites, 3 sites, 4 sites, 5 sites, 6 sites, 7 sites, 8 sites, 9 sites, 10 sites, 11 sites, 12 sites, 13 sites, 14 sites, 15 sites, 16 sites, 17 sites, 18 sites, 19 sites, 20 sites, 21 sites, 22 sites, 23 sites, 24 sites, 25 sites, 26 sites, 27 sites, 28 sites, 29 sites, 30 sites, 31 sites, 32 sites, 33 sites, 34 sites, 35 sites, 36 sites, 37 sites, 38 sites, or more, or the like.
• patients suffering from OAB are treated with 30 lmL injections of approximately 6.7U per injection into the detrusor muscle.
• the invention also provides methods for treating a patient suffering from neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), such as that due to a neurologic condition.
• NDO neurogenic detrusor overactivity
• pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention can be administered to the bladder or its vicinity, e.g. the detrusor, wherein the administration of the formulation reduces the urge incontinence associated with overactive bladder.
• the dosage can be, for example, 200U, or more, or less, or the like.
• the dosage can be about 15U, about 20U, about 25U, about 30U, about 35U, about 40U, about 45U, about 50U, about 55U, about 60U, about 65U, about 70U, about 75U, about 80U, about 85U, about 90U, about 95U, about 100U, about 105U, about 110U, about 115U, about 120U, about 125U, about 130U, about 135U, about 140U, about 145U, about 150U, about 160U, about 170U, about 180U, about 190U, about 200U, about 210U, about 220, about 230U, about 240U, or more, or the like, per treatment.
• a patient can be injected at multiple sites, such as, for example, 2 sites, 3 sites, 4 sites, 5 sites, 6 sites, 7 sites, 8 sites, 9 sites, 10 sites, 11 sites, 12 sites, 13 sites, 14 sites, 15 sites, 16 sites, 17 sites, 18 sites, 19 sites, 20 sites, 21 sites, 22 sites, 23 sites, 24 sites, 25 sites, 26 sites, 27 sites, 28 sites, 29 sites, 30 sites, 31 sites, 32 sites, or more, or the like.
• patients suffering from NDO are treated with 30 lmL injections of approximately 6.7U per injection into the detrusor muscle.
• the present invention provides methods for cosmetically modifying soft-tissue features comprising the step of administering at least one pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention to a subject in need thereof in an amount sufficient to modify said features.
• the pharmaceutical formulation is administered via transcutaneous or transmucosal injection either at a single focus or multiple foci.
• compositions of the present invention are administered to the face or neck of the subject.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention are administered to the subject in an amount sufficient to reduce rhytides.
• the formulation can be administered between eyebrows of the subject in an amount sufficient to reduce vertical lines between the eyebrows and on a bridge of a nose.
• the pharmaceutical formulations can also be administered near either one or both eyes of the subject in an amount sufficient to reduce lines at corners of the eyes.
• compositions of the invention can be injected locally to smooth skin.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention can also be administered to a forehead of the subject in an amount sufficient to reduce horizontal lines on said forehead.
• the pharmaceutical formulation is administered to the neck of the subject in an amount sufficient to reduce muscle bands in the neck.
• a pharmaceutical composition is applied to the masseter muscle to relax the muscle and / or decerase masseter mass.
• the patient suffers from facial wrinkles.
• a subject suffering from facial wrinkles can receive between about 1 to 100U per treatment of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject receives between about 1 to 10U, 1 to 20U, 1 to 30U, 1 to 40U, 1 to 50U, 1 to 60U, 1 to 70U, 1 to 80U, 1 to 90U, 5 to 20U, 5 to 30U, 5 to 40U, 5 to 50U, 5 to 60U, 5 to 70U, 5 to 80U, 5 to 90U, or 5 to 100U per treatment are administered to a patient with an inflammatory disorder.
• the subject receives about 1U, about 10U, about 20U, about 30U, about 40U, about 50U, about 60U, about 70U, about 80U, about 90U, or about 100U per treatment are administered to a patient. Dosages greater than 100U per treatment may also be administered to patients suffering from inflammation or an inflammatory disorder to achieve a therapeutic response.
• the present invention provides methods for treating inflammation comprising the step of administering a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention to a subject in need thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce inflammation.
• pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention are administered to a patient without producing muscle weakness.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention are administered to patients with an inflammatory condition.
• the inflammatory condition is neurogenic inflammation.
• the subject suffers from rheumatoid arthritis or a gastro-intestinal inflammatory disease.
• the patient suffers from an inflammatory disorder.
• a subject suffering from an inflammatory disorder for example, receives between about 1 to 100U per treatment of a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention.
• the subject receivesbetween about 1 to 10U, 1 to 20U, 1 to 30U, 1 to 40U, 1 to 50U, 1 to 60U, 1 to 70U, 1 to 80U, 1 to 90U, 5 to 20U, 5 to 30U, 5 to 40U, 5 to 50U, 5 to 60U, 5 to 70U, 5 to 80U, 5 to 90U, or 5 to 100U per treatment are administered to a patient with an inflammatory disorder.
• the subject receives about 1U, about 10U, about 20U, about 30U, about 40U, about 50U, about 60U, about 70U, about 80U, about 90U, or about 100U per treatment are administered to a patient. Dosages greater than 100U per treatment may also be administered to patients suffering from inflammation or an inflammatory disorder to achieve a therapeutic response.
• a method within the scope of the present invention for treating a skin disorder can have the step of local administration of a botulinum neurotoxin to a location of a skin disorder of a patient, such as to a face, hand or foot of a patient.
• the neurotoxin can be locally administered in an amount of between about 10 "3 units/kg of patient weight and about 35 units/kg of patient weight.
• the neurotoxin is locally administered in an amount of between about 10 "2 U/kg and about 25 U/kg of patient weight.
• the neurotoxin is administered in an amount of between about 10 "1 U/kg and about 15 U/kg.
• the neurotoxin is locally administered in an amount of between about 1 U/kg and about 10 U/kg.
• a neurotoxin such as botulinum toxin type A or B
• a skin disorder location by topical application or by subdermal administration, to effectively treat the skin disorder.
• Administration of botulinum toxin can be carried out at multiple sites in the skin, wherein the sites of adjacent injections are separated by about 0.1 to 10cm, or about 0.5 to about 5cm, for example, by about 1.5 to about 3cm.
• the toxins may be any of the botulinum toxins A, B, C, D, E, F or G.
• the amounts administered may vary between 0.1 and 1000U, or about 1 to about 40, or from about 5 to about 10U, depending on the manufactures specifications, the class of the toxin and the mode of administration.
• the repeat time range for these administrations for maintenance of the desired change varies substantially according to the location of the injection, the condition to be adjusted and the condition of the patient. Thus the repeat time may vary from about 1 week to about 50 weeks, however a common range is about 4 to about 25 weeks, or even about 12 weeks to about 16 weeks.
• the distances between administrations can vary from about 1 mm to about 10cm, suitably from about 5mm to about 5cm, and more usually from about 1cm to about 3cm.
• botulinum A may be suitably administered by intradermal injection between about 0.1 to about 10U at a separation of from about 0.5 to about 10cm.
• the present invention provides methods for treating cutaneous disorders comprising the step of administering a pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention to a subject in need thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce a sebaceous or mucous secretion.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention are administered to a patient without producing muscle weakness.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention are injected into one or more sites of an eyelid or conjunctiva.
• the formulations of the present invention are administered to a body surface.
• the pharmaceutical formulations are administered in an amount sufficient to reduce cutaneous bacterial or fungal growth, including but not limited to Staphylococcus; Streptococcus and Moraxella.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention are administered to an area selected from the group consisting of: eyelid; scalp; feet; groin; and armpit to reduce cutaneous infection.
• Example 1 Activities and stabilities of exemplary solid clostridial pharmaceutical compositions relative to prior art formulations.
• Treh trehalose
• P 188 poloxamer P 188
• Met L-methionine
• NAC N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
• Treh trehalose
• P 188 poloxamer P 188
• Met L-methionine
• NAC N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
• Example 2 Activities of liquid clostridial pharmaceutical compositions in the presence or absence of antioxidants
• Bulk drug product solutions were prepared by mixing an appropriate aliquot of the BoNT/A drug substance (DS) with three different vehicle solutions as shown in Table 4. All three formulations contained 8% w/w trehalose, 4% w/w P 188 and 20 mM Histine buffer at pH 6.0. Formulation 10 contained no antioxidant. Formulations 1 1 and 12 contained NAC and methionine, respectively. The bulk solutions were filled into 2 mL glass vials (1.25 mL fill), and sealed with rubber stopper and aluminum shell.
• Example 3 Impact of exemplary antioxidants on the stability of exemplary liquid formulations.
• Each formulation contained 100 U/mL botulinum toxin, 8 w/w% trehalose, and 4 w/w% poloxamer PI 88 20 mM histidine buffer, pH 6.0 and the specified antioxidant.
• NAC N-acetyl-L-cysteine
• Met L-methionine
• TRP L-tryptophan
• GSH L-glutathione
• PrpGal propyl gallate
• EDTA ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, sodium salt.

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