WO2018025738A1 - 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化膜、積層体、硬化膜の製造方法、積層体の製造方法および半導体デバイス - Google Patents
感光性樹脂組成物、硬化膜、積層体、硬化膜の製造方法、積層体の製造方法および半導体デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018025738A1 WO2018025738A1 PCT/JP2017/027196 JP2017027196W WO2018025738A1 WO 2018025738 A1 WO2018025738 A1 WO 2018025738A1 JP 2017027196 W JP2017027196 W JP 2017027196W WO 2018025738 A1 WO2018025738 A1 WO 2018025738A1
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- resin composition
- photosensitive resin
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/029—Inorganic compounds; Onium compounds; Organic compounds having hetero atoms other than oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/037—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polyamides or polyimides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0387—Polyamides or polyimides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0388—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable with ethylenic or acetylenic bands in the side chains of the photopolymer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/168—Finishing the coated layer, e.g. drying, baking, soaking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition, a cured film, a laminate, a method for producing a cured film, a method for producing a laminate, and a semiconductor device.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose a photosensitive resin composition containing a polyimide precursor having a predetermined structure, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent.
- Patent Document 3 describes a resin composition that can perform a cyclization reaction of a heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor at a low temperature. Metallocenes are listed as radical photopolymerization initiators, and titanium compounds are also described.
- Patent Document 1 describes that the polyimide precursor (polyamic acid ester) described in the same document can be i-line exposed and gives a high imidization ratio even when heated at 250 ° C. However, imidization (ring closure) is required to be capable of ring closure at a lower temperature.
- Patent Document 2 describes that the negative photosensitive resin composition described in the document is excellent in sensitivity, resolution, and heat resistance. However, it turned out that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured film obtained by hardening
- Patent Document 3 describes a metallocene compound as a radical photopolymerization initiator, and further describes a compound containing titanium.
- a base generator that does not affect the exposure wavelength can be employed by using a thermal base generator.
- Tg which tends to decrease by using a thermal base generator, can be increased by using a titanium compound, especially for laminated RDL (Re-Distribution Layer) applications (uses for repeated heating for curing). Is advantageous.
- the present invention aims to solve such problems, and is a photosensitive resin composition capable of ring closure with a high ring closure rate even at a low temperature, which is obtained by curing the photosensitive resin composition.
- the above problems can be solved by blending an organic compound containing a Group 4 element with a heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor.
- the above problem has been solved by the following means ⁇ 1>, preferably ⁇ 2> to ⁇ 30>.
- a photosensitive resin composition comprising a heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor, a thermal base generator, and an organic compound containing a Group 4 element.
- the organic compound is an organic compound containing at least one selected from a titanium atom, a zirconium atom, and a hafnium atom.
- ⁇ 3> The photosensitive resin composition according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the organic compound is an organic compound containing at least one selected from a titanium atom and a zirconium atom.
- the organic compound is an organic compound containing at least one selected from a titanium atom and a zirconium atom.
- the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor is a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor.
- the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor is a polyimide precursor.
- ⁇ 6> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor includes a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2): Formula (2) In formula (2), A 1 and A 2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or NH, R 111 represents a divalent organic group, R 115 represents a tetravalent organic group, R 113 and R 114 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. ⁇ 7> The photosensitive resin composition according to ⁇ 6>, wherein in formula (2), at least one of R 113 and R 114 includes a radical polymerizable group.
- R 111 in the formula (2) is a group represented by the following formula (51) or formula (61): Composition;
- Formula (51) In formula (51), R 10 to R 17 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group, and at least one of R 10 to R 17 is a fluorine atom, a methyl group, a fluoromethyl group, A difluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethyl group;
- R 18 and R 19 are each independently a fluorine atom, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group.
- ⁇ 12> The organic compound according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11>, wherein the organic compound is selected from a titanocene compound, a tetraalkoxytitanium compound, a titanium acylate compound, a titanium chelate compound, a zirconocene compound, and a hafnocene compound.
- Photosensitive resin composition ⁇ 13> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11>, wherein the organic compound is selected from a titanocene compound, a zirconocene compound, and a hafnocene compound.
- ⁇ 14> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11>, wherein the organic compound is selected from a titanocene compound and a zirconocene compound.
- ⁇ 15> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 14>, further comprising a radical polymerizable compound.
- ⁇ 16> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 15>, further comprising a radical photopolymerization initiator.
- ⁇ 17> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 16>, further comprising a solvent.
- ⁇ 18> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 17>, which is used for negative development.
- ⁇ 19> The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 18>, which is used for forming an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer.
- ⁇ 20> A cured film obtained by curing the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19>.
- ⁇ 21> A laminate having two or more cured films according to ⁇ 20>.
- ⁇ 22> The laminate according to ⁇ 21>, having a metal layer between the cured films.
- ⁇ 23> A method for producing a cured film, comprising using the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19>.
- a photosensitive resin composition layer forming step of applying the photosensitive resin composition to a substrate to form a layer, an exposure step of exposing the photosensitive resin composition layer, and the exposed photosensitive resin The manufacturing method of the cured film as described in ⁇ 23> which has the process of developing with respect to a composition layer.
- ⁇ 27> The method for producing a cured film according to ⁇ 24> or ⁇ 25>, comprising a step of heating the developed photosensitive resin composition layer at a temperature of 50 to 250 ° C. after the development processing step.
- ⁇ 28> The method for producing a cured film according to any one of ⁇ 23> to ⁇ 27>, wherein the film thickness of the cured film is 1 to 30 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ 29> After forming the cured film according to the method for producing a cured film according to any one of ⁇ 24> to ⁇ 28>, again, the photosensitive resin composition layer forming step, the exposure step, and A method for producing a laminate, wherein the development processing step is performed 2 to 5 times in the order described above.
- the semiconductor device which has the cured film as described in ⁇ 20>, or the laminated body as described in ⁇ 21> or ⁇ 22>.
- a photosensitive resin composition capable of ring closure with a high ring closure rate even at a low temperature
- the photosensitive resin composition having a high glass transition temperature (Tg) of a cured film obtained by curing the photosensitive resin composition And a cured film, a laminate, a method for producing a cured film, a method for producing a laminate, and a semiconductor device using the photosensitive resin composition
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the description which does not describe substitution and unsubstituted includes the thing which has a substituent with the thing which does not have a substituent.
- the “alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- “exposure” includes not only exposure using light but also drawing using particle beams such as electron beams and ion beams.
- the light used for the exposure generally includes an active ray or radiation such as an emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays typified by an excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV light), X-rays or electron beams.
- an active ray or radiation such as an emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays typified by an excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV light), X-rays or electron beams.
- a numerical range expressed using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- “(meth) acrylate” represents both and / or “acrylate” and “methacrylate”
- (meth) acryl” represents both “acryl” and “methacryl”
- (Meth) acryloyl” represents either or both of “acryloyl” and “methacryloyl”.
- solid content concentration is the mass percentage of the other component except a solvent with respect to the gross mass of a composition. Moreover, solid content concentration says the density
- a weight average molecular weight (Mw) and a number average molecular weight (Mn) are defined as polystyrene conversion values according to gel permeation chromatography (GPC measurement) unless otherwise specified.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) are, for example, HLC-8220GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corp.), guard columns HZ-L, TSKgel Super HZM-M, TSKgel. It can be determined by using Super HZ4000, TSKgel Super HZ3000, TSKgel Super HZ2000 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation). Unless otherwise stated, the eluent is measured using THF (tetrahydrofuran). Unless otherwise specified, detection is performed using a UV ray (ultraviolet) wavelength 254 nm detector.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention contains a heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor, a thermal base generator, and an organic compound containing a Group 4 element. It is characterized by.
- the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor can be ring-closed at a low temperature (eg, 200 ° C.) at a high ring-closing rate, and A cured film (resin layer) having a high Tg can be formed.
- the thermal base generator hardly consumes exposure energy, the exposure latitude can be improved.
- the cross-linking reaction tends to be insufficient when the wavelength does not match the maximum wavelength.
- the crosslinking reaction can sufficiently proceed regardless of the thickness of the photosensitive resin composition layer and the exposure wavelength.
- the glass transition temperature of the obtained cured film tends to decrease.
- the Tg of the obtained cured film can be obtained by using an organic compound containing a Group 4 element. Can be kept high. For this reason, even when it uses for the laminated type RDL use repeatedly heat-cured, laminated type RDL can be formed appropriately.
- the photosensitive resin composition of this invention contains at least 1 sort (s) of a heterocyclic containing polymer precursor.
- the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor preferably includes a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor, and more preferably includes a polyimide precursor.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or NH
- R 111 represents a divalent organic group
- R 115 represents a tetravalent organic group
- R 113 and R 114 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a 1 and A 2 in Formula (2) are preferably an oxygen atom or NH, and more preferably an oxygen atom.
- R 111 in Formula (2) represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group include a linear or branched aliphatic group, a group containing a cyclic aliphatic group and an aromatic group, a straight chain aliphatic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, A group consisting of 20 branched aliphatic groups, a cyclic aliphatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a combination thereof is preferable, and an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms More preferred is a group consisting of
- R 111 is preferably derived from a diamine.
- the diamine used in the production of the polyimide precursor include linear or branched aliphatic, cyclic aliphatic or aromatic diamine. Only one type of diamine may be used, or two or more types may be used. Specifically, a group consisting of a linear or branched aliphatic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic aliphatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a combination thereof.
- a diamine containing is preferable, and a diamine containing a group consisting of an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is more preferable. The following are mentioned as an example of an aromatic group.
- A is a single bond or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —S—, —S ( ⁇ O) 2 —, —NHCO—, and a group selected from these combinations are preferable, a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O— , —C ( ⁇ O) —, —S—, —SO 2 — is more preferable, and —CH 2 —, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —C ( More preferably, it is a divalent group selected from the group consisting of CF 3 ) 2 — and —C (CH 3 ) 2 —.
- diamine examples include 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,2-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane and 1,6-diaminohexane; 1,2- or 1 , 3-diaminocyclopentane, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, bis- (4- Aminocyclohexyl) methane, bis- (3-aminocyclohexyl) methane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethylcyclohexylmethane and isophoronediamine; meta and paraphenylenediamine, diaminotoluene, 4,4'- and 3 , 3'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether
- diamines (DA-1) to (DA-18) shown below are also preferable.
- a diamine having at least two alkylene glycol units in the main chain is also a preferred example.
- Preferred is a diamine containing at least two ethylene glycol chains or propylene glycol chains in one molecule, more preferably a diamine containing no aromatic ring.
- Specific examples include Jeffermin (registered trademark) KH-511, Jeffermin (registered trademark) ED-600, Jeffermin (registered trademark) ED-900, Jeffermin (registered trademark) ED-2003, Jeffermin (registered trademark).
- EDR-148 Jeffamine (registered trademark) EDR-176, D-200, D-400, D-2000, D-4000 (above trade names, manufactured by HUNTSMAN), 1- (2- (2- (2 -Aminopropoxy) ethoxy) propoxy) propan-2-amine, 1- (1- (1- (2-aminopropoxy) propan-2-yl) oxy) propan-2-amine, and the like. Not.
- x, y, and z are average values.
- R 111 is preferably represented by —Ar—L—Ar— from the viewpoint of the flexibility of the resulting cured film.
- Ar is each independently an aromatic group
- L is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, —CO—, —S—. , —SO 2 — or —NHCO—, and a combination of two or more of the above.
- Ar is preferably a phenylene group
- L is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, —CO—, —S— or —SO 2 —.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group here is preferably an alkylene group.
- R 111 is preferably a divalent organic group represented by the following formula (51) or formula (61) from the viewpoint of i-line transmittance.
- a divalent organic group represented by the formula (61) is more preferable from the viewpoint of i-line transmittance and availability.
- Formula (51) In formula (51), R 10 to R 17 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group, and at least one of R 10 to R 17 is a fluorine atom, a methyl group, a fluoromethyl group, A difluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group represented by R 10 to R 17 include an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms) and a fluorine atom having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms). Alkyl group and the like.
- Formula (61) In formula (61), R 18 and R 19 are each independently a fluorine atom, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group.
- Diamine compounds that give the structure of formula (51) or (61) include dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2′-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2 Examples include '-bis (fluoro) -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-diaminooctafluorobiphenyl, and the like. One of these may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.
- R 115 in the formula (2) represents a tetravalent organic group.
- a tetravalent organic group containing an aromatic ring is preferable, and a group represented by the following formula (5) or formula (6) is more preferable.
- R 112 represents a single bond or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, —CO—, —S—, —SO.
- -, - NHCO- is preferably a group selected from these combinations, a single bond, an alkylene group which ⁇ 1 carbon atoms which may be 3-substituted by fluorine atoms, -O -, - CO- More preferably a group selected from -S- and -SO 2- , -CH 2- , -C (CF 3 ) 2- , -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -O-, -CO More preferred is a divalent group selected from the group consisting of —, —S— and —SO 2 —.
- tetravalent organic group represented by R 115 in Formula (2) include a tetracarboxylic acid residue remaining after the removal of the acid dianhydride group from tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Only one tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be used, or two or more tetracarboxylic dianhydrides may be used.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (O).
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include pyromellitic acid, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4 , 4′-diphenyl sulfide tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylmethanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-diphenylmethanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid Dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (DAA-1) to (DAA-5) shown below are also preferable examples.
- R 113 and R 114 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and at least one of R 113 and R 114 preferably contains a radical polymerizable group, and both contain a radical polymerizable group.
- the radical polymerizable group is a group capable of undergoing a crosslinking reaction by the action of a radical, and a preferable example includes a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond. Examples of the group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a vinyl group, a (meth) allyl group, a group represented by the following formula (III), and the like.
- R 200 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and a methyl group is more preferable.
- R 201 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, —CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 — or a polyoxyalkylene group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- suitable R 201 are ethylene group, propylene group, trimethylene group, tetramethylene group, 1,2-butanediyl group, 1,3-butanediyl group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, octamethylene group, dodecamethylene group.
- R 200 is a methyl group and R 201 is an ethylene group.
- R 201 is an ethylene group.
- a substituent that improves the solubility of the developer is preferably used.
- R 113 or R 114 may be a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group include aromatic groups and aralkyl groups having one, two or three, preferably one acidic group, bonded to the carbon constituting the aryl group. Specific examples include an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms having an acidic group and an aralkyl group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms having an acidic group. More specifically, a phenyl group having an acidic group and a benzyl group having an acidic group can be mentioned.
- the acidic group is preferably an OH group.
- R 113 or R 114 is more preferably a hydrogen atom, 2-hydroxybenzyl, 3-hydroxybenzyl or 4-hydroxybenzyl from the viewpoint of solubility in an aqueous developer.
- R 113 or R 114 is preferably a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group preferably includes a linear or branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, or an aromatic group, and more preferably an alkyl group substituted with an aromatic group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- linear or branched alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a tetradecyl group, and an octadecyl group.
- the cyclic alkyl group may be a monocyclic cyclic alkyl group or a polycyclic cyclic alkyl group.
- Examples of the monocyclic alkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- Examples of the polycyclic alkyl group include an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a bornyl group, a camphenyl group, a decahydronaphthyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a camphoroyl group, a dicyclohexyl group, and a pinenyl group. Is mentioned. Among these, a cyclohexyl group is most preferable from the viewpoint of achieving high sensitivity. Moreover, as an alkyl group substituted by the aromatic group, the linear alkyl group substituted by the aromatic group mentioned later is preferable.
- aromatic group examples include substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, naphthalene ring, pentalene ring, indene ring, azulene ring, heptalene ring, indacene ring, perylene ring, pentacene ring, acenaphthene ring, phenanthrene ring, anthracene.
- the polyimide precursor when R 113 is a hydrogen atom, or when R 114 is a hydrogen atom, the polyimide precursor may form a counter salt with a tertiary amine compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- tertiary amine compounds having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include N, N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate.
- the polyimide precursor preferably has a fluorine atom in the structural unit.
- the fluorine atom content in the polyimide precursor is preferably 10% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less.
- an aliphatic group having a siloxane structure may be copolymerized for the purpose of improving the adhesion to the substrate.
- the diamine component include bis (3-aminopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane and bis (paraaminophenyl) octamethylpentasiloxane.
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) is preferably a repeating unit represented by the formula (2-A). That is, at least one of the polyimide precursors used in the present invention is preferably a precursor having a repeating unit represented by the formula (2-A). By adopting such a structure, it becomes possible to further widen the width of the exposure latitude.
- a 1 , A 2 , R 111 , R 113 and R 114 are each independently synonymous with A 1 , A 2 , R 111 , R 113 and R 114 in formula (2), and the preferred ranges are also the same. is there.
- R 112 has the same meaning as R 112 in formula (5), and the preferred range is also the same.
- the polyimide precursor may be one type of repeating structural unit represented by the formula (2), but may be two or more types. Moreover, the structural isomer of the repeating unit represented by Formula (2) may be included. The polyimide precursor may also contain other types of repeating structural units in addition to the repeating unit of the above formula (2).
- a polyimide precursor in which 50 mol% or more, further 70 mol% or more, particularly 90 mol% or more of all repeating units is a repeating unit represented by the formula (2).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyimide precursor is preferably from 2,000 to 500,000, more preferably from 5,000 to 100,000, and even more preferably from 10,000 to 50,000.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 800 to 250,000, more preferably 2000 to 50000, and still more preferably 4000 to 25000.
- the degree of dispersion is preferably 1.5 to 2.5.
- the polyimide precursor is obtained by reacting dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid derivative with diamine. Preferably, it is obtained by halogenating a dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid derivative with a halogenating agent and then reacting with a diamine.
- an organic solvent is preferably used for the reaction.
- One or more organic solvents may be used.
- the organic solvent can be appropriately determined according to the raw material, and examples thereof include pyridine, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone.
- a terminal sealing agent such as an acid dianhydride, a monocarboxylic acid, a monoacid chloride compound, or a monoactive ester compound in order to further improve storage stability.
- a monoamine Preferred examples of the monoamine include aniline, 2-ethynylaniline, 3-ethynylaniline, 4-ethynylaniline, 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline, and 1-hydroxy-7.
- -Aminonaphthalene 1-hydroxy-6-aminonaphthalene, 1-hydroxy-5-aminonaphthalene, 1-hydroxy-4-aminonaphthalene, 2-hydroxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 2-hydroxy-6-aminonaphthalene, 2, -Hydroxy-5-aminonaphthalene, 1-carboxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 1-carboxy-6-aminonaphthalene, 1-carboxy-5-aminonaphthalene, 2-carboxy-7-aminonaphthalene, 2-carboxy-6- Aminonaphthalene, 2-carbo Ci-5-aminonaphthalene, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid, 6-aminosalicylic acid, 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, 3-amino Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-amino
- a step of depositing a solid may be included. Specifically, solid precipitation can be achieved by precipitating the polyimide precursor in the reaction solution in water and dissolving it in a solvent in which the polyimide precursor such as tetrahydrofuran is soluble. Then, a polyimide precursor can be dried and a powdery polyimide precursor can be obtained.
- the polybenzoxazole precursor used in the present invention preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3).
- R 121 represents a divalent organic group
- R 122 represents a tetravalent organic group
- R 123 and R 124 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 121 represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group is preferably a group containing at least one of an aliphatic group and an aromatic group.
- aliphatic group a linear aliphatic group is preferable.
- R 122 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- the tetravalent organic group has the same meaning as R 115 in the formula (2), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- the polybenzoxazole precursor may contain other types of repeating structural units in addition to the repeating unit of the above formula (3). It is preferable that the diamine residue represented by the following formula (SL) is included as another type of repeating structural unit in that the occurrence of warpage accompanying ring closure can be suppressed.
- SL diamine residue represented by the following formula
- Z has a structure and b structure
- R 1s is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 2s is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 3s , R 4s , R 5s , R 6s are aromatic groups
- the rest are hydrogen atoms or organic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different.
- the polymerization of the a structure and the b structure may be block polymerization or random polymerization.
- the mol% of the Z moiety is 5 to 95 mol% for the a structure, 95 to 5 mol% for the b structure, and a + b is 100 mol%.
- preferred Z includes those in which R 5s and R 6s in the b structure are phenyl groups.
- the molecular weight of the structure represented by the formula (SL) is preferably 400 to 4,000, and more preferably 500 to 3,000.
- the molecular weight can be determined by commonly used gel permeation chromatography. By setting the molecular weight within the above range, it is possible to reduce both the elastic modulus after dehydration and ring closure of the polybenzoxazole precursor and to suppress the warp and to improve the solubility.
- the diamine residue represented by the formula (SL) When the diamine residue represented by the formula (SL) is included as another type of repeating structural unit, it remains after the removal of the acid dianhydride group from the tetracarboxylic dianhydride in terms of improving alkali solubility. It is preferable to include a tetracarboxylic acid residue as a repeating structural unit. Examples of such tetracarboxylic acid residue, and examples of R 115 in formula (2).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polybenzoxazole precursor is preferably 2,000 to 500,000, more preferably 5,000 to 100,000, and still more preferably 10,000 to 50,000.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 800 to 250,000, more preferably 2000 to 50000, and still more preferably 4000 to 25000.
- the degree of dispersion is preferably 1.5 to 2.5.
- the content of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor in the composition of the present invention is preferably 20 to 100% by mass, more preferably 50 to 99% by mass, and further preferably 60 to 98% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the composition. 70 to 95% by mass is preferable.
- the heterocycle-containing polymer precursor may contain only one type or two or more types. When 2 or more types are included, the total amount is preferably within the above range.
- the composition of the present invention includes a thermal base generator.
- a thermal base generator By using a thermal base generator, it is possible to reduce exposure energy consumption, expand the exposure latitude, and generate a base species that promotes the ring closure reaction during the ring closure reaction of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor. Therefore, the ring closure rate tends to be further improved.
- the type of the thermal base generator is not particularly defined, but it is selected from an acidic compound that generates a base when heated to 40 ° C. or higher, and an ammonium salt having an anion having an pKa1 of 0 to 4 and an ammonium cation. It is preferable to include a thermal base generator containing at least one kind.
- pKa1 represents the logarithm ( ⁇ Log 10 Ka) of the reciprocal of the dissociation constant (Ka) of the first proton of the acid, and will be described in detail later.
- the base generated from these compounds can promote the cyclization reaction of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor, and the heterocyclic-containing polymer Cyclization of the precursor can be performed at low temperatures.
- the cyclization of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor hardly proceeds unless heated, so that the composition has excellent storage stability.
- Product can be prepared.
- the solution obtained by stirring means a compound having a value measured at 20 ° C. of less than 7 using a pH (power of hydrogen) meter.
- the base generation temperature of the acidic compound (A1) and the ammonium salt (A2) is preferably 40 ° C. or higher, more preferably 120 to 200 ° C.
- the upper limit of the base generation temperature is preferably 190 ° C. or lower, more preferably 180 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 165 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit of the base generation temperature is preferably 130 ° C or higher, and more preferably 135 ° C or higher. If the base generation temperature of the acidic compound (A1) and the ammonium salt (A2) is 120 ° C. or higher, a base is unlikely to be generated during storage, so that a composition having excellent stability can be prepared.
- the base generation temperature of the acidic compound (A1) and the ammonium salt (A2) is 200 ° C. or lower, the cyclization temperature of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor can be lowered.
- the base generation temperature is measured, for example, by using differential scanning calorimetry, heating the compound to 250 ° C. at 5 ° C./min in a pressure capsule, reading the peak temperature of the lowest exothermic peak, and measuring the peak temperature as the base generation temperature. can do.
- the base generated by the thermal base generator is preferably a secondary amine or a tertiary amine, more preferably a tertiary amine. Since tertiary amine has high basicity, cyclization temperature of a polyimide precursor, a polybenzoxazole precursor, etc. can be made lower.
- the base generated by the thermal base generator preferably has a boiling point of 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 140 ° C. or higher.
- the molecular weight of the generated base is preferably 80 to 2000.
- the lower limit is more preferably 100 or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 500 or less.
- the molecular weight value is a theoretical value obtained from the structural formula.
- the acidic compound (A1) preferably contains one or more selected from an ammonium salt and a compound having an ammonium structure represented by the formula (101) or (102) described later.
- the ammonium salt (A2) is preferably an acidic compound.
- the ammonium salt (A2) may be a compound containing an acidic compound that generates a base when heated to 40 ° C. or higher (preferably 120 to 200 ° C.), or 40 ° C. or higher (preferably 120 to 200 ° C.). ) May be a compound excluding an acidic compound that generates a base when heated.
- the ammonium salt means a salt of an ammonium cation represented by the following formula (101) or formula (102) and an anion.
- the anion may be bonded to any part of the ammonium cation via a covalent bond, and may be outside the molecule of the ammonium cation, but may be outside the molecule of the ammonium cation. preferable.
- numerator of an ammonium cation means the case where an ammonium cation and an anion are not couple
- the anion outside the molecule of the cation moiety is also referred to as a counter anion.
- R 1 to R 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
- R 7 represents a hydrocarbon group
- R 1 and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , R 5 and R 7 in Formula (101) and Formula (102) may be bonded to form a ring.
- the ammonium cation is preferably represented by any of the following formulas (Y1-1) to (Y1-5).
- R 101 represents an n-valent organic group
- R 1 and R 7 are synonymous with R 1 and R 7 in the formula (101) or formula (102) It is.
- Ar 101 and Ar 102 each independently represent an aryl group
- n represents an integer of 1 or more
- m represents an integer of 0 to 5 .
- the ammonium salt preferably has an anion having an pKa1 of 0 to 4 and an ammonium cation.
- the upper limit of the anion pKa1 is more preferably 3.5 or less, and even more preferably 3.2 or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.5 or more, and more preferably 1.0 or more.
- the kind of anion is preferably one selected from a carboxylate anion, a phenol anion, a phosphate anion, and a sulfate anion, and a carboxylate anion is more preferable because both the stability of the salt and the thermal decomposability can be achieved. That is, the ammonium salt is more preferably a salt of an ammonium cation and a carboxylate anion.
- the carboxylic acid anion is preferably a divalent or higher carboxylic acid anion having two or more carboxyl groups, and more preferably a divalent carboxylic acid anion. According to this aspect, it is possible to provide a thermal base generator that can further improve the stability, curability and developability of the composition. In particular, the stability, curability and developability of the composition can be further improved by using an anion of a divalent carboxylic acid.
- the carboxylic acid anion is preferably a carboxylic acid anion having a pKa1 of 4 or less. pKa1 is more preferably 3.5 or less, and even more preferably 3.2 or less. According to this aspect, the stability of the composition can be further improved.
- pKa1 represents the logarithm of the reciprocal of the dissociation constant of the first proton of the acid, and the determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods (author: Brown, HC, McDaniel, D.H., Hafliger Ed .: Braude, EA, Nachod, FC; Academic Press, New York, 1955), and Data for Biochemical Research (author: Dawson, R. M.). al; Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959). For compounds not described in these documents, values calculated from the structural formula using software of ACD / pKa (manufactured by ACD / Labs) are used.
- the carboxylate anion is preferably represented by the following formula (X1).
- EWG represents an electron withdrawing group.
- the electron withdrawing group means a group in which Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ m exhibits a positive value.
- ⁇ m is a review by Yusuke Tono, Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Vol. 631-642.
- the electron withdrawing group in this embodiment is not limited to the substituent described in the said literature.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Ac represents an acetyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group (hereinafter the same).
- EWG is preferably a group represented by the following formulas (EWG-1) to (EWG-6).
- R x1 to R x3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, and Ar represents an aromatic group Represents.
- the carboxylate anion is preferably represented by the following formula (XA).
- Formula (XA) In the formula (XA), L 10 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group selected from an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an aromatic group, —NR X —, and a combination thereof, and R X represents a hydrogen atom Represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group.
- carboxylate anion examples include a maleate anion, a phthalate anion, an N-phenyliminodiacetic acid anion, and an oxalate anion.
- thermal base generator examples include the following compounds.
- the content of the thermal base generator is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass relative to the total solid content of the composition of the present invention.
- the lower limit is more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, further preferably 0.85% by mass or more, and further preferably 1% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 30% by mass or less, further preferably 20% by mass or less, further preferably 10% by mass or less, or 5% by mass or less, or 4% by mass or less.
- 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used for a thermal base generator. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount is the said range.
- Organic compound containing Group 4 element contains an organic compound containing a Group 4 element (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “organic titanium compound or the like”).
- the organic compound containing a Group 4 element is preferably an organic compound containing at least one selected from a titanium atom, a zirconium atom and a hafnium atom, and includes at least one selected from a titanium atom and a zirconium atom. More preferably, it is an organic compound.
- the organic compound containing at least one selected from a titanium atom and a zirconium atom is preferably a compound containing an organic group and a titanium atom or a zirconium atom, and the number of titanium atoms and zirconium atoms in one molecule is In total, one is preferred.
- the organic group is not particularly defined, but is preferably a hydrocarbon group or a group composed of a combination of a hydrocarbon group and a hetero atom.
- a hetero atom an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom are preferable.
- at least one of the organic groups is preferably a cyclic group, and more preferably at least two are cyclic groups.
- the cyclic group is preferably selected from a 5-membered cyclic group and a 6-membered cyclic group, and more preferably selected from a 5-membered cyclic group.
- a 5-membered cyclic group a cyclopentadienyl group is preferable.
- the organic titanium compound or the like used in the present invention preferably contains 2 to 4 cyclic groups in one molecule.
- the organic titanium compound or the like in the present invention is preferably represented by the following formula (P).
- M is a Group 4 element
- R is each independently a substituent.
- the substituent is preferably selected from an aromatic group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, and an alkylsulfonyloxy group.
- a titanium atom, a zirconium atom and a hafnium atom are preferable, and a titanium atom and a zirconium atom are more preferable.
- Examples of the aromatic group include a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, and a 2-naphthyl group.
- Examples of the alkyl group include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, octyl group, isopropyl group, t-butyl group, isopentyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, 2-methylhexyl group, and cyclopentyl group.
- Examples of the halogen atom include F, Cl, Br, and I.
- alkyl chain constituting the alkylsulfonyloxy group examples include methyl chain, ethyl chain, propyl chain, octyl chain, isopropyl chain, t-butyl chain, isopentyl chain, 2-ethylhexyl chain, 2-methylhexyl chain, cyclopentyl chain and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the above substituent may further have a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I), hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, cyano groups, aryl groups, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, acyl groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, aryloxy
- substituents include a carbonyl group, an acyloxy group, a monoalkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, a monoarylamino group, and a diarylamino group.
- the organic compound containing a Group 4 element used in the present invention is preferably selected from a titanocene compound, a tetraalkoxytitanium compound, a titanium acylate compound, a titanium chelate compound, a zirconocene compound, and a hafnocene compound, and a titanocene compound, a zirconocene compound, and More preferably, it is selected from hafnocene compounds, and more preferably selected from titanocene compounds and zirconocene compounds.
- the molecular weight of the organic titanium compound or the like is preferably 50 to 2000, and more preferably 100 to 1000.
- organic titanium compound examples include tetraisopropoxy titanium, tetrakis (2-ethylhexyloxy) titanium, diisopropoxy bis (ethyl acetoacetate) titanium, diisopropoxy bis (acetylacetonato) titanium, and the following compounds. Is done.
- organic compounds containing titanium atoms include di-cyclopentadienyl-Ti-di-chloride, di-cyclopentadienyl-Ti-bis-phenyl, and di-cyclopentadienyl.
- organic compounds containing zirconium atoms and compounds containing hafnium atoms include (cyclopentadienyl) trimethylzirconium, (cyclopentadienyl) triphenylzirconium, and (cyclopentadienyl) tri Benzylzirconium, (cyclopentadienyl) trichlorozirconium, (cyclopentadienyl) trimethoxyzirconium, (cyclopentadienyl) dimethyl (methoxy) zirconium, (cyclopentadienyl) methyldichlorozirconium, (methylcyclopentadienyl) ) Trimethylzirconium, (methylcyclopentadienyl) triphenylzirconium, (methylcyclopentadienyl) tribenzylzirconium, (methylcyclopentadienyl) trichloro Luconium, (methylcyclopentadienyl) tri
- the content of the organic titanium compound or the like is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the composition of the present invention.
- the lower limit is more preferably 1.0% by mass or more, further preferably 1.5% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 3.0% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 25% by mass or less.
- An organic titanium compound etc. can use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount is the said range.
- the mass ratio between the content of the organic titanium compound and the like and the content of the thermal base generator is preferably 100: 1 to 1: 100, and 90:10 to 10:90. More preferably, it is more preferably 40:60 to 20:80. By setting it as such a range, it becomes possible to achieve a higher ring closure rate at a low temperature and a higher glass transition temperature of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains a radical polymerization initiator.
- the radical polymerization initiator include a photo radical polymerization initiator and a thermal radical polymerization initiator, and a photo radical polymerization initiator is preferred.
- the organotitanium compound etc. in this invention may have radical polymerization initiating ability, in this case, it treats as an organotitanium compound etc.
- the composition of this invention uses the organic titanium compound etc. which have radical polymerization initiation ability, it is also preferable that the composition of this invention does not contain a radical polymerization initiator substantially.
- substantially free of radical polymerization initiator means that the content of the radical polymerization initiator is 5% by mass or less of the content of the organic titanium compound and the like contained in the composition of the present invention. The following is preferable, 1 mass% or less is more preferable, and 0.1 mass% is further more preferable.
- the composition of this invention uses the organic titanium compound etc. which do not have radical polymerization performance, it is preferable to use together an organic titanium compound etc. and a radical polymerization initiator.
- having radical polymerization initiating ability means that free radicals capable of initiating radical polymerization can be generated.
- the wavelength range in which the organic titanium compound etc. absorbs light and the radical polymerizable monomer does not absorb light It can be confirmed whether or not the disappearance of the radical polymerizable monomer occurs when irradiated with light.
- an appropriate method can be selected according to the type of radical polymerizable monomer or binder polymer, but generally confirmed by IR measurement (infrared spectroscopic measurement) or HPLC measurement (high performance liquid chromatography). can do.
- Photoradical polymerization initiator which can be used by this invention, It can select suitably from well-known radical photopolymerization initiators.
- a photo radical polymerization initiator having photosensitivity to light in the ultraviolet region to the visible region is preferable. Further, it may be an activator that generates some active radicals by generating some action with the photoexcited sensitizer.
- the radical photopolymerization initiator preferably contains at least one compound having a molar extinction coefficient of at least about 50 within a range of about 300 to 800 nm (preferably 330 to 500 nm). The molar extinction coefficient of the compound can be measured using a known method. For example, it is preferable to measure with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Cary-5 spectrophotometer manufactured by Varian) using an ethyl acetate solvent at a concentration of 0.01 g / L.
- the composition of the present invention contains a photoradical polymerization initiator
- the composition of the present invention is applied to a substrate such as a semiconductor wafer to form a photosensitive resin composition layer, and then irradiated with light to generate radicals. Curing due to this occurs and the solubility in the light irradiation part can be reduced. Therefore, for example, by exposing the photosensitive resin composition layer through a photomask having a pattern that masks only the electrode portion, there is an advantage that regions having different solubility can be easily produced according to the electrode pattern. is there.
- a known compound can be arbitrarily used.
- halogenated hydrocarbon derivatives for example, compounds having a triazine skeleton, compounds having an oxadiazole skeleton, compounds having a trihalomethyl group
- acylphosphine compounds such as acylphosphine oxide, hexaarylbiimidazoles, oxime derivatives, etc.
- ketone compounds include the compounds described in paragraph 0087 of JP-A-2015-087611, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- Kaya Cure DETX manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. is also preferably used.
- hydroxyacetophenone compounds As the photoradical polymerization initiator, hydroxyacetophenone compounds, aminoacetophenone compounds, and acylphosphine compounds can also be suitably used. More specifically, for example, aminoacetophenone initiators described in JP-A-10-291969 and acylphosphine oxide initiators described in Japanese Patent No. 4225898 can also be used.
- hydroxyacetophenone-based initiator IRGACURE 184 (IRGACURE is a registered trademark), DAROCUR 1173, IRGACURE 500, IRGACURE-2959, IRGACURE 127 (trade names: all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- aminoacetophenone-based initiator commercially available products IRGACURE 907, IRGACURE 369, and IRGACURE 379 (trade names: all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- aminoacetophenone-based initiator compounds described in JP-A-2009-191179 in which the absorption maximum wavelength is matched with a wavelength light source of 365 nm or 405 nm can also be used.
- the acylphosphine initiator include 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide.
- IRGACURE-819 and IRGACURE-TPO which are commercially available products can be used.
- the metallocene compound include IRGACURE-784 (manufactured by BASF).
- the photo radical polymerization initiator include oxime compounds.
- the exposure latitude can be improved more effectively.
- Oxime compounds are particularly preferred because they have a wide exposure latitude (exposure margin) and also act as a photobase generator.
- Specific examples of the oxime compound include compounds described in JP-A No. 2001-233842, compounds described in JP-A No. 2000-80068, and compounds described in JP-A No. 2006-342166.
- Preferable oxime compounds include, for example, compounds having the following structures, 3-benzooxyiminobutan-2-one, 3-acetoxyiminobutan-2-one, 3-propionyloxyiminobutan-2-one, 2-acetoxy Iminopentan-3-one, 2-acetoxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-benzoyloxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 3- (4-toluenesulfonyloxy) iminobutan-2-one And 2-ethoxycarbonyloxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one.
- IRGACURE OXE 01, IRGACURE OXE 02, IRGACURE OXE 03, IRGACURE OXE 04 (above, manufactured by BASF), Adekaoptomer N-1919 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation, light described in JP2012-14052A) A radical polymerization initiator 2) is also preferably used.
- TR-PBG-304 manufactured by Changzhou Powerful Electronic New Materials Co., Ltd.
- Adeka Arcles NCI-831 and Adeka Arcles NCI-930 can also be used.
- DFI-091 (manufactured by Daitokemix Co., Ltd.) can be used. Furthermore, it is also possible to use an oxime compound having a fluorine atom. Specific examples of such oxime compounds include compounds described in JP 2010-262028 A, compounds 24 and 36 to 40 described in paragraph 0345 of JP 2014-500852 A, and JP 2013. Compound (C-3) described in paragraph 0101 of 164471, and the like are included in the present specification. Examples of the most preferred oxime compound include an oxime compound having a specific substituent as disclosed in JP 2007-26979A, and an oxime compound having a thioaryl group as disclosed in JP 2009-191061 A. Incorporated into.
- Photoradical polymerization initiators are trihalomethyltriazine compounds, benzyldimethylketal compounds, ⁇ -hydroxyketone compounds, ⁇ -aminoketone compounds, acylphosphine compounds, phosphine oxide compounds, metallocene compounds, oxime compounds, triaryls from the viewpoint of exposure sensitivity. Selected from the group consisting of imidazole dimers, onium salt compounds, benzothiazole compounds, benzophenone compounds, acetophenone compounds and derivatives thereof, cyclopentadiene-benzene-iron complexes and salts thereof, halomethyloxadiazole compounds, and 3-aryl substituted coumarin compounds. Are preferred.
- More preferred photoradical polymerization initiators are trihalomethyltriazine compounds, ⁇ -aminoketone compounds, acylphosphine compounds, phosphine oxide compounds, metallocene compounds, oxime compounds, triarylimidazole dimers, onium salt compounds, benzophenone compounds, acetophenone compounds, At least one compound selected from the group consisting of a trihalomethyltriazine compound, an ⁇ -aminoketone compound, an oxime compound, a triarylimidazole dimer, and a benzophenone compound is more preferable, and a metallocene compound or an oxime compound is more preferable, and an oxime compound. Is particularly preferred.
- the radical photopolymerization initiator includes N, N′-tetraalkyl-4,4′-diaminobenzophenone, such as benzophenone, N, N′-tetramethyl-4,4′-diaminobenzophenone (Michler's ketone), 2- Aromatic ketones such as benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone-1,2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholino-propanone-1, alkyl anthraquinones Quinones fused with an aromatic ring such as benzoin, benzoin ether compounds such as benzoin alkyl ether, benzoin compounds such as benzoin and alkylbenzoin, benzyl derivatives such as benzyldimethyl ketal, and the like can also be used.
- R 50 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, An alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and 2 to 2 carbon atoms interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms A phenyl group substituted with at least one of 18 alkyl groups and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or biphenylyl, and R 51 is a group represented by the formula (II) or the same as R 50
- Each of R 52 to R 54 is independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy
- radical photopolymerization initiator compounds described in paragraphs 0048 to 0055 of International Publication No. WO2015 / 125469 can be used.
- Thermal radical polymerization initiator is a compound that generates radicals by heat energy and initiates or accelerates a polymerization reaction of a polymerizable compound. By adding the thermal radical polymerization initiator, the polymerization reaction of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor can be advanced together with the cyclization of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor, so that higher heat resistance can be achieved.
- Specific examples of the thermal radical polymerization initiator include compounds described in JP-A-2008-63554, paragraphs 0074 to 0118, and are incorporated herein.
- the content of the radical polymerization initiator is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 15% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the composition of the present invention. %.
- the radical polymerization initiator may contain only 1 type, and may contain 2 or more types. When two or more radical polymerization initiators are contained, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains a solvent.
- a known solvent can be arbitrarily used as the solvent.
- the solvent is preferably an organic solvent. Examples of the organic solvent include compounds such as esters, ethers, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfoxides, and amides.
- esters include ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, amyl formate, isoamyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone , ⁇ -valerolactone, alkyl oxyacetates (for example, methyl alkyloxyacetate, ethyl alkyloxyacetate, butyl alkyloxyacetate (for example, methyl methoxyacetate, ethyl methoxyacetate, butyl methoxyacetate, methyl ethoxyacetate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, etc.
- alkyl oxyacetates for example, methyl alkyloxyacetate, ethyl alkyloxyacetate, butyl al
- 3-alkyloxypropionic acid alkyl esters for example, methyl 3-alkyloxypropionate, ethyl 3-alkyloxypropionate, etc. (for example, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, 3-methoxypropionate)) Ethyl acetate, methyl 3-ethoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, etc.)
- 2-alkyloxypropionic acid alkyl esters for example, methyl 2-alkyloxypropionate, ethyl 2-alkyloxypropionate, 2 -Propyl alkyloxypropionate and the like (for example, methyl 2-methoxypropionate, ethyl 2-methoxypropionate, propyl 2-methoxypropionate, methyl 2-ethoxypropionate, ethyl 2-ethoxypropionate)
- ethers include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol Preferred examples include monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate and the like.
- Suitable ketones include, for example, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone and the like.
- Suitable examples of aromatic hydrocarbons include toluene, xylene, anisole, limonene and the like.
- the sulfoxides for example, dimethyl sulfoxide is preferable.
- Preferred examples of the amide include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide and the like.
- the solvent is preferably in the form of a mixture of two or more from the viewpoint of improving the properties of the coated surface.
- a mixed solution composed of two or more selected from dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate is preferable.
- the combined use of dimethyl sulfoxide and ⁇ -butyrolactone is particularly preferred.
- the content of the solvent is preferably such that the total solid concentration of the composition of the present invention is 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 5 to 70% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 60% by mass from the viewpoint of applicability. % Is particularly preferred.
- the solvent content may be adjusted depending on the desired thickness and coating method. For example, if the coating method is spin coating or slit coating, the content of the solvent having a solid content concentration in the above range is preferable. In the case of spray coating, the amount is preferably 0.1% by mass to 50% by mass, and more preferably 1.0% by mass to 25% by mass.
- a photosensitive resin composition layer having a desired thickness can be uniformly formed by adjusting the amount of solvent by the coating method.
- the solvent may contain only 1 type and may contain 2 or more types. When two or more solvents are contained, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains a radical polymerizable compound (hereinafter also referred to as “polymerizable monomer”). By setting it as such a structure, the cured film excellent in heat resistance can be formed.
- a radical polymerizable compound hereinafter also referred to as “polymerizable monomer”.
- a compound having a radical polymerizable group can be used as the polymerizable monomer.
- the radical polymerizable group include groups having an ethylenically unsaturated bond such as a styryl group, a vinyl group, a (meth) acryloyl group, and an allyl group.
- the radical polymerizable group is preferably a (meth) acryloyl group.
- the polymerizable monomer may have one radical polymerizable group or two or more radical polymerizable groups, but the polymerizable monomer preferably has two or more radical polymerizable groups, and more preferably three or more radical polymerizable groups.
- the upper limit is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and even more preferably 8 or less.
- the molecular weight of the polymerizable monomer is preferably 2000 or less, more preferably 1500 or less, and even more preferably 900 or less.
- the lower limit of the molecular weight of the polymerizable monomer is preferably 100 or more.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains at least one bifunctional or higher polymerizable monomer containing two or more polymerizable groups, and preferably contains at least one trifunctional or higher polymerizable monomer. Is more preferable. Further, it may be a mixture of a bifunctional polymerizable monomer and a trifunctional or higher functional polymerizable monomer.
- the number of functional groups of the polymerizable monomer means the number of radical polymerizable groups in one molecule.
- the polymerizable monomer examples include unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, etc.), esters thereof, and amides. These are esters of saturated carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohol compounds, and amides of unsaturated carboxylic acids and polyvalent amine compounds. Also, addition reaction products of monofunctional or polyfunctional isocyanates or epoxies with unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or amides having a nucleophilic substituent such as hydroxyl group, amino group, mercapto group, monofunctional or polyfunctional. A dehydration condensation reaction product with a functional carboxylic acid is also preferably used.
- unsaturated carboxylic acids for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, etc.
- esters thereof are esters of saturated carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohol compounds
- an addition reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having an electrophilic substituent such as an isocyanate group or an epoxy group with a monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohol, amine, or thiol, and a halogen group A substitution reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having a detachable substituent such as a tosyloxy group and a monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohol, amine or thiol is also suitable.
- the description in paragraphs 0113 to 0122 of JP-A-2016-027357 can be referred to, and the contents thereof are incorporated in the present specification.
- the polymerizable monomer is also preferably a compound having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher under normal pressure.
- Examples include polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolethane tri (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol.
- polyfunctional acrylates and methacrylates such as polyester acrylates and epoxy acrylates which are reaction products of epoxy resins and (meth) acrylic acid, and mixtures thereof described in JP-B 52-30490. it can. Also suitable are the compounds described in paragraphs 0254 to 0257 of JP-A-2008-292970.
- polyfunctional (meth) acrylates obtained by reacting a polyfunctional carboxylic acid with a compound having a cyclic ether group such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate and an ethylenically unsaturated group can also be mentioned. Incorporated in the description.
- preferable polymerizable monomers include groups having a fluorene ring and an ethylenically unsaturated bond described in JP2010-160418A, JP2010-129825A, Japanese Patent No. 4364216, and the like. It is also possible to use a compound having two or more or a cardo resin. Other examples include specific unsaturated compounds described in JP-B-46-43946, JP-B-1-40337, JP-B-1-40336, and JP-A-2-25493. And vinyl phosphonic acid compounds. Also, compounds containing a perfluoroalkyl group described in JP-A-61-22048 can be used. Furthermore, Journal of Japan Adhesion Association vol. 20, no. 7, pages 300 to 308 (1984) can also be used as photopolymerizable monomers and oligomers, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- dipentaerythritol triacrylate (as a commercial product, KAYARAD D-330; manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate (as a commercially available product, KAYARAD D-320; Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) ), A-TMMT: Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate (commercially available products are KAYARAD D-310; manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate (As commercial products, KAYARAD DPHA; manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., A-DPH; manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), and these (meth) acryloyl groups are bonded via ethylene glycol and propylene glycol residue
- Examples of commercially available polymerizable monomers include SR-494, a tetrafunctional acrylate having four ethyleneoxy chains, manufactured by Sartomer, SR-209, manufactured by Sartomer, which is a bifunctional methacrylate having four ethyleneoxy chains, DPCA-60, a 6-functional acrylate having 6 pentyleneoxy chains, TPA-330, a 3-functional acrylate having 3 isobutyleneoxy chains, urethane oligomer UAS-10, UAB-140 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- NK ester M-40G (Manufactured by Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp), NK ester M-40G, NK ester 4G, NK ester M-9300, NK ester A-9300, UA-7200 (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), DPHA-40H (Nippon Kayaku ( UA-306H, UA-306T, UA-306I, AH-600 T-600, AI-600 (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), Blemmer PME400 (NOF Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- Polymerizable monomers include urethane acrylates such as those described in JP-B-48-41708, JP-A-51-37193, JP-B-2-32293, and JP-B-2-16765.
- Urethane compounds having an ethylene oxide skeleton described in JP-B-58-49860, JP-B-56-17654, JP-B-62-39417, and JP-B-62-39418 are also suitable.
- compounds having an amino structure or a sulfide structure in the molecule described in JP-A-63-277653, JP-A-63-260909, and JP-A-1-105238 are used as polymerizable monomers. You can also.
- the polymerizable monomer may be a polymerizable monomer having an acid group such as a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphoric acid group.
- the polymerizable monomer having an acid group is preferably an ester of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a non-aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride is reacted with an unreacted hydroxyl group of the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound. More preferred is a polymerizable monomer.
- the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound is pentaerythritol and / or diester. It is a compound that is pentaerythritol.
- examples of commercially available products include M-510 and M-520 as polybasic acid-modified acrylic oligomers manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- the polymerizable monomer having an acid group one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be mixed and used.
- a preferable acid value of the polymerizable monomer having an acid group is 0.1 to 40 mgKOH / g, and particularly preferably 5 to 30 mgKOH / g.
- the acid value of the polymerizable monomer is within the above range, the production and handling properties are excellent, and further, the developability is excellent. Also, the polymerizability is good.
- the content of the polymerizable monomer is preferably 1 to 50% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the composition of the present invention from the viewpoint of good polymerizability and heat resistance.
- the lower limit is more preferably 5% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 30% by mass or less.
- As the polymerizable monomer one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be mixed and used.
- the mass ratio of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor to the polymerizable monomer is preferably 98/2 to 10/90, more preferably 95/5 to 30/70. 90/10 to 50/50 is most preferable. When the mass ratio between the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor and the polymerizable monomer is in the above range, a cured film that is superior in polymerizability and heat resistance can be formed.
- a monofunctional polymerizable monomer can be preferably used from the viewpoint of warpage suppression accompanying the control of the elastic modulus of the cured film.
- Monofunctional polymerizable monomers include n-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, carbitol (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) ) Acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, etc.
- N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, allyl glycidyl ether, diallyl phthalate, triallyl trimellitate, etc. Goods and the like are preferably used.
- the monofunctional polymerizable monomer a compound having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher under normal pressure is also preferable in order to suppress volatilization before exposure.
- composition of this invention can further contain other polymeric compounds other than the heterocyclic containing polymer precursor mentioned above and a radically polymerizable compound.
- Other polymerizable compounds include compounds having a hydroxymethyl group, alkoxymethyl group or acyloxymethyl group; epoxy compounds; oxetane compounds; benzoxazine compounds.
- R 4 represents a t-valent organic group having 1 to 200 carbon atoms
- R 5 represents a group represented by —OR 6 or —OCO—R 7.
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 7 represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the content of the compound represented by the formula (AM1) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor is preferably 5 to 40 parts by mass. More preferably, it is 10 to 35 parts by mass. Further, the compound represented by the following formula (AM4) is contained in the total amount of other polymerizable compounds in an amount of 10 to 90% by mass, and the compound represented by the following formula (AM5) is contained in an amount of 10 to 90% by mass Is also preferable.
- R 4 represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 200 carbon atoms
- R 5 represents a group represented by —OR 6 or —OCO—R 7
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom or a carbon atom.
- R 7 represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 4 represents a u-valent organic group having 1 to 200 carbon atoms
- R 5 represents a group represented by —OR 6 or —OCO—R 7.
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 7 represents an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the occurrence of cracks can be more effectively suppressed when the composition of the present invention is applied to an uneven substrate. Moreover, it is excellent in pattern workability and can form the cured film which has high heat resistance from which 5% mass reduction
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (AM4) include 46DMOC, 46DMOEP (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Co., Ltd.), DML-MBPC, DML-MBOC, DML-OCHP, DML-PCHP, DML.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (AM5) include TriML-P, TriML-35XL, TML-HQ, TML-BP, TML-pp-BPF, TML-BPA, TMOM-BP, HML-TPPHBA, HML-TPHAP, HMOM-TPPHBA, HMOM-TPPHAP (trade name, manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), TM-BIP-A (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Co., Ltd.), NIKALAC MX-280, NIKALAC MX-270, NIKALAC MW-100LM (trade name, manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- Epoxy compound compound having an epoxy group
- the epoxy compound is preferably a compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule.
- the epoxy group undergoes a cross-linking reaction at 200 ° C. or less and does not cause a dehydration reaction derived from the cross-linking, so that film shrinkage hardly occurs. For this reason, containing an epoxy compound is effective for low-temperature curing and warping of the composition.
- the epoxy compound preferably contains a polyethylene oxide group. Thereby, an elasticity modulus falls more and also curvature can be suppressed. Moreover, the film
- the polyethylene oxide group means that the number of repeating units of ethylene oxide is 2 or more, and the number of repeating units is preferably 2 to 15.
- epoxy compounds include: bisphenol A type epoxy resin; bisphenol F type epoxy resin; alkylene glycol type epoxy resin such as propylene glycol diglycidyl ether; polyalkylene glycol type epoxy resin such as polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether; polymethyl (glycidyl Examples include, but are not limited to, epoxy group-containing silicones such as (roxypropyl) siloxane.
- Epicron (registered trademark) 850-S Epicron (registered trademark) HP-4032, Epicron (registered trademark) HP-7200, Epicron (registered trademark) HP-820, Epicron (registered trademark) HP-4700, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4710, Epicron (registered trademark) HP-4770, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-859CRP, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-1514, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4880, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4850-150, Epicron EXA-4850-1000, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4816, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4822 (trade name, manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.), Rica Resin (registered trademark) ) BEO-60E (trade name, Shin Nippon Rika ( )), EP-4003S, EP-4000S (trade names, and the
- an epoxy resin containing a polyethylene oxide group is preferable in terms of suppressing warpage and excellent heat resistance.
- Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4880, Epicron (registered trademark) EXA-4822, and Licaredin (registered trademark) BEO-60E are preferable because they contain a polyethylene oxide group.
- the content of the epoxy compound is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor. If the content of the epoxy compound is 5 parts by mass or more, warpage of the resulting cured film can be further suppressed, and if it is 50 parts by mass or less, pattern filling caused by reflow during curing can be further suppressed.
- oxetane compound compound having oxetanyl group
- examples of the oxetane compound include compounds having two or more oxetane rings in one molecule, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane, 1,4-bis ⁇ [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methoxy] methyl ⁇ benzene, Examples include 3-ethyl-3- (2-ethylhexylmethyl) oxetane and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid-bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methyl] ester.
- Aron Oxetane series (for example, OXT-121, OXT-221, OXT-191, OXT-223) manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. can be preferably used. Two or more kinds may be mixed.
- the content of the oxetane compound is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, and further preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor.
- a benzoxazine compound (compound having a benzoxazolyl group))
- a benzoxazine compound is preferable because it is a cross-linking reaction derived from a ring-opening addition reaction, so that degassing does not occur at the time of curing, and thermal contraction is further reduced to suppress warpage.
- benzoxazine compound examples include Ba type benzoxazine, Bm type benzoxazine (trade name, manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), benzoxazine adduct of polyhydroxystyrene resin, phenol novolac type dihydrobenzo An oxazine compound is mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the benzoxazine compound is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor.
- the photosensitive resin composition further contains a migration inhibitor.
- the migration inhibitor is not particularly limited, but a heterocyclic ring (pyrrole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, imidazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazole ring, isoxazole ring, isothiazole ring, tetrazole ring, pyridine ring, Compounds having pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, piperidine ring, piperazine ring, morpholine ring, 2H-pyran ring and 6H-pyran ring, triazine ring), compounds having thioureas and mercapto groups, hindered phenol compounds , Salicylic acid derivative compounds
- an ion trapping agent that traps anions such as halogen ions can be used.
- Examples of other migration inhibitors include rust inhibitors described in paragraph 0094 of JP2013-15701A, compounds described in paragraphs 0073 to 0076 of JP2009-283711A, and JP2011-95956A.
- the compounds described in paragraph 0052 and the compounds described in paragraphs 0114, 0116 and 0118 of JP2012-194520A can be used.
- the migration inhibitor examples include 1H-1,2,3-triazole and 1H-tetrazole.
- the content of the migration inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5.0% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the photosensitive resin composition, 0.05 to 2.0% by mass is more preferable, and 0.1 to 1.0% by mass is more preferable. Only one type of migration inhibitor may be used, or two or more types may be used. When there are two or more migration inhibitors, the total is preferably within the above range.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains a polymerization inhibitor.
- the polymerization inhibitor include hydroquinone, p-methoxyphenol, di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, pyrogallol, p-tert-butylcatechol, p-benzoquinone, diphenyl-p-benzoquinone, 4,4′thiobis ( 3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxyamine aluminum salt, phenothiazine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, N-phenyl Naphthylamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid, glycol etherdiaminetetraacetic acid, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 5-nitroso-8-hydroxyquinoline, 1-
- a polymerization inhibitor described in paragraph 0060 of JP-A-2015-127817 and compounds described in paragraphs 0031 to 0046 of international publication WO2015 / 125469 can also be used.
- the following compound can be used (Me is a methyl group).
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass relative to the total solid content of the composition of the present invention. Only one polymerization inhibitor may be used, or two or more polymerization inhibitors may be used. When two or more polymerization inhibitors are used, the total is preferably within the above range.
- the composition of this invention contains the metal adhesive improvement agent for improving the adhesiveness with the metal material used for an electrode, wiring, etc.
- metal adhesion improvers include silane coupling agents.
- silane coupling agent examples include compounds described in paragraphs 0062 to 0073 of JP2014-191002, compounds described in paragraphs 0063 to 0071 of international publication WO2011 / 080992A1, and JP2014-191252A. Examples thereof include compounds described in paragraphs 0060 to 0061, compounds described in paragraphs 0045 to 0052 of JP 2014-41264 A, and compounds described in paragraph 0055 of international publication WO 2014/097594. It is also preferable to use two or more different silane coupling agents as described in paragraphs 0050 to 0058 of JP2011-128358A. Moreover, it is also preferable to use the following compound for a silane coupling agent. In the following formula, Et represents an ethyl group.
- the content of the metal adhesion improving agent is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic-containing polymer precursor. .
- Adhesiveness between the cured film and the metal layer after the curing process becomes good by setting it to 0.1 parts by mass or more, and heat resistance and mechanical properties of the cured film after the curing process are good by setting it to 30 parts by mass or less. Become. Only one type of metal adhesion improver may be used, or two or more types may be used. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that the sum total is the said range.
- the composition of the present invention may be various additives, for example, thermal acid generators, sensitizing dyes, chain transfer agents, surfactants, higher fatty acid derivatives, as necessary, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Inorganic particles, a curing agent, a curing catalyst, a filler, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, an aggregation inhibitor, and the like can be blended.
- the total blending amount is preferably 3% by mass or less of the solid content of the composition.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a thermal acid generator.
- the thermal acid generator generates an acid by heating, promotes cyclization of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor, and further improves the mechanical properties of the cured film.
- Examples of the thermal acid generator include the compounds described in paragraph 0059 of JP2013-167742A, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the content of the thermal acid generator is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor. By containing 0.01 part by mass or more of the thermal acid generator, the cross-linking reaction and the cyclization of the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer precursor are promoted, so that the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of the cured film can be further improved. .
- the content of the thermal acid generator is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of electrical insulation of the cured film.
- One type of thermal acid generator may be used, or two or more types may be used. When using 2 or more types, it is preferable that a total amount becomes the said range.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a sensitizing dye.
- a sensitizing dye absorbs specific actinic radiation and enters an electronically excited state.
- the sensitizing dye in an electronically excited state comes into contact with a thermal base generator, a thermal radical polymerization initiator, a radical polymerization initiator, and the like, and effects such as electron transfer, energy transfer, and heat generation occur.
- a thermal base generator, a thermal radical polymerization initiator, and a radical polymerization initiator cause a chemical change and are decomposed to generate radicals, acids, or bases. Details of the sensitizing dye can be referred to the descriptions in paragraphs 0161 to 0163 of JP-A-2016-027357, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the content of the sensitizing dye is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, and preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the composition of the present invention. Is more preferable, and 0.5 to 10% by mass is even more preferable.
- a sensitizing dye may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a chain transfer agent.
- the chain transfer agent is defined, for example, in Polymer Dictionary 3rd Edition (edited by the Polymer Society, 2005) pages 683-684.
- As the chain transfer agent for example, a compound group having SH, PH, SiH, GeH in the molecule is used. These can generate hydrogen by donating hydrogen to a low activity radical to generate a radical, or after being oxidized and deprotonated.
- thiol compounds for example, 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles, 2-mercaptobenzthiazoles, 2-mercaptobenzoxazoles, 3-mercaptotriazoles, 5-mercaptotetrazoles, etc.
- 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles for example, 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles, 2-mercaptobenzthiazoles, 2-mercaptobenzoxazoles, 3-mercaptotriazoles, 5-mercaptotetrazoles, etc.
- the content of the chain transfer agent is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the composition of the present invention, and 1 to 10 parts by mass. Part is more preferable, and 1 to 5 parts by mass is more preferable. Only one type of chain transfer agent may be used, or two or more types may be used. When there are two or more chain transfer agents, the total is preferably in the above range.
- surfactant Various kinds of surfactants may be added to the composition of the present invention from the viewpoint of further improving applicability.
- the surfactant various types of surfactants such as a fluorine-based surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and a silicone-based surfactant can be used.
- the following surfactants are also preferable.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.001 to 2.0% by mass, more preferably 0%, based on the total solid content of the composition of the present invention. 0.005 to 1.0 mass%. Only one surfactant may be used, or two or more surfactants may be used. When there are two or more surfactants, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the composition of the present invention is added with a higher fatty acid derivative such as behenic acid or behenic acid amide, and is unevenly distributed on the surface of the composition in the course of drying after coating. May be.
- a higher fatty acid derivative such as behenic acid or behenic acid amide
- the content of the higher fatty acid derivative is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the composition of the present invention. Only one higher fatty acid derivative may be used, or two or more higher fatty acid derivatives may be used. When two or more higher fatty acid derivatives are used, the total is preferably within the above range.
- the water content of the composition of the present invention is preferably less than 5% by mass, more preferably less than 1% by mass, and particularly preferably less than 0.6% by mass from the viewpoint of the coated surface properties.
- the metal content of the composition of the present invention is preferably less than 5 ppm by weight (parts per million), more preferably less than 1 ppm by weight, and particularly preferably less than 0.5 ppm by weight from the viewpoint of insulation.
- the metal include sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, chromium, nickel and the like. When a plurality of metals are included, the total of these metals is preferably in the above range.
- a raw material having a low metal content is selected as a raw material constituting the composition of the present invention.
- the raw material to be filtered may be filtered, or the inside of the apparatus may be lined with polytetrafluoroethylene or the like, and distillation may be performed under a condition in which contamination is suppressed as much as possible.
- the halogen atom content is preferably less than 500 ppm by mass, more preferably less than 300 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably less than 200 ppm by mass from the viewpoint of wiring corrosion.
- a halogen ion is less than 5 mass ppm, More preferably, it is less than 1 mass ppm, Especially less than 0.5 mass ppm is preferable.
- the halogen atom include a chlorine atom and a bromine atom. The total of chlorine atoms and bromine atoms, or chlorine ions and bromine ions is preferably in the above range.
- the container for the composition of the present invention a conventionally known container can be used.
- the inner wall of the container is a multi-layer bottle composed of 6 types and 6 layers of resin, and the 6 types of resins are made into a 7 layer structure. It is also preferred to use bottles that have been used. Examples of such a container include a container described in JP-A-2015-123351, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- the composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the above components.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a conventionally known method.
- the filter pore size is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the material of the filter is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or nylon.
- a filter that has been washed in advance with an organic solvent may be used.
- a plurality of types of filters may be connected in series or in parallel.
- filters having different pore diameters and / or materials may be used in combination.
- Various materials may be filtered a plurality of times.
- circulation filtration may be used.
- you may pressurize and filter.
- the pressure applied is preferably 0.05 MPa or more and 0.3 MPa or less.
- impurities may be removed using an adsorbent. Filter filtration and impurity removal treatment using an adsorbent may be combined.
- the adsorbent a known adsorbent can be used. Examples thereof include inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite, and organic adsorbents such as activated carbon.
- the cured film of the present invention is formed by curing the composition of the present invention.
- the film thickness of the cured film of the present invention can be, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more, and can be 5 ⁇ m or more. Moreover, as an upper limit, it can be set to 100 micrometers or less, and can also be set to 30 micrometers or less.
- the Tg of the cured film of the present invention is preferably 240 ° C. or higher, more preferably 250 ° C. or higher, further preferably 260 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 270 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of Tg of the cured film of the present invention is not particularly defined, but for example, it is sufficiently practical even at 600 ° C. or lower, and even 450 ° C. or lower.
- the present invention is highly valuable in that it can provide a photosensitive resin composition that can achieve the above Tg. Tg in this invention is measured according to description of the Example mentioned later.
- a laminate may be obtained by laminating two or more cured films of the present invention.
- the laminate having two or more cured films of the present invention preferably has a metal layer between the cured films.
- a metal layer is preferably used as a metal wiring such as a rewiring layer.
- the metal layer preferably contains copper.
- Fields to which the cured film of the present invention can be applied include insulating films for semiconductor devices, interlayer insulating films for rewiring layers, and the like. Particularly, since the resolution is good, it can be preferably used for an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer in a three-dimensional mounting device.
- the cured film in the present invention can also be used for electronic photoresists, galvanic resists, galvanic resists, etching resists, solder top resists, and the like.
- the cured film of the present invention can also be used for the production of printing plates such as offset printing plates or screen printing plates, the use for etching molded parts, the production of protective lacquers and dielectric layers in electronics, in particular microelectronics.
- the manufacturing method of the cured film of this invention includes using the composition of this invention.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is applied to a substrate to form a layer, a photosensitive resin composition layer forming step, an exposure step of exposing the photosensitive resin composition layer, and the exposed photosensitivity.
- the manufacturing method of a cured film which has the process of developing with respect to an adhesive resin composition layer (resin layer) is mentioned.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is preferably used when the development is a negative development process.
- the developed photosensitive resin composition layer is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C.
- heating is performed at a temperature of 180 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is preferably 450 ° C or lower, more preferably 400 ° C or lower, more preferably 380 ° C or lower, more preferably 300 ° C or lower, more preferably 280 ° C or lower, further preferably 250 ° C or lower, 240 ° C or lower.
- the heating temperature can be lowered, and damage to semiconductor elements and the like can be reduced.
- a photosensitive resin composition capable of achieving a ring closure rate of 80% or more, further 90% or more can be obtained.
- the ring closure rate in the present invention is measured in accordance with the description of Examples described later.
- the method for producing a laminate of the present invention includes the method for producing a cured film of the present invention.
- the photosensitive resin composition layer forming step, the exposure step, and the development processing step are performed again. It is preferable to repeat in order.
- the photosensitive resin composition layer forming step, the exposure step, and the development processing step are preferably performed 2 to 5 times in the above order (that is, 3 to 6 times in total).
- a laminated body can be obtained by laminating a cured film.
- the present invention also discloses a semiconductor device including the cured film or laminate of the present invention.
- a semiconductor device using the composition of the present invention as an interlayer insulating film for a rewiring layer will be described.
- a semiconductor device 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a so-called three-dimensional mounting device, and a stacked body 101 in which a plurality of semiconductor elements (semiconductor chips) 101 a to 101 d are stacked is arranged on a wiring board 120.
- the number of stacked semiconductor elements (semiconductor chips) is not particularly limited. It may be a layer, 8 layers, 16 layers, 32 layers, or the like. Moreover, one layer may be sufficient.
- the plurality of semiconductor elements 101a to 101d are each made of a semiconductor wafer such as a silicon substrate.
- the uppermost semiconductor element 101a does not have a through electrode, and an electrode pad (not shown) is formed on one surface thereof.
- the semiconductor elements 101b to 101d have through electrodes 102b to 102d, and connection pads (not shown) provided integrally with the through electrodes are provided on both surfaces of each semiconductor element.
- the stacked body 101 has a structure in which a semiconductor element 101a having no through electrode and flip-chip connection of semiconductor elements 101b to 101d having through electrodes 102b to 102d are connected. That is, the electrode pad of the semiconductor element 101a having no through electrode and the connection pad on the semiconductor element 101a side of the semiconductor element 101b having the adjacent through electrode 102b are connected by the metal bump 103a such as a solder bump, The connection pad on the other side of the semiconductor element 101b having the electrode 102b is connected to the connection pad on the semiconductor element 101b side of the semiconductor element 101c having the adjacent through electrode 102c by a metal bump 103b such as a solder bump.
- connection pad on the other side of the semiconductor element 101c having the through electrode 102c is connected to the connection pad on the semiconductor element 101c side of the semiconductor element 101d having the adjacent through electrode 102d by the metal bump 103c such as a solder bump.
- An underfill layer 110 is formed in the gaps between the semiconductor elements 101a to 101d, and the semiconductor elements 101a to 101d are stacked via the underfill layer 110.
- the laminated body 101 is laminated on the wiring board 120.
- the wiring substrate 120 for example, a multilayer wiring substrate using an insulating substrate such as a resin substrate, a ceramic substrate, or a glass substrate as a base material is used.
- the wiring board 120 to which the resin board is applied include a multilayer copper-clad laminate (multilayer printed wiring board).
- a surface electrode 120 a is provided on one surface of the wiring board 120.
- An insulating film 115 on which a rewiring layer 105 is formed is disposed between the wiring substrate 120 and the stacked body 101, and the wiring substrate 120 and the stacked body 101 are electrically connected via the rewiring layer 105. It is connected.
- the insulating film 115 is formed using the composition of the present invention. That is, one end of the rewiring layer 105 is connected to an electrode pad formed on the surface of the semiconductor element 101d on the rewiring layer 105 side through a metal bump 103d such as a solder bump.
- the other end of the rewiring layer 105 is connected to the surface electrode 120a of the wiring board via a metal bump 103e such as a solder bump.
- An underfill layer 110 a is formed between the insulating film 115 and the stacked body 101.
- an underfill layer 110 b is formed between the insulating film 115 and the wiring substrate 120.
- the cured film of the present invention can be widely used in various applications using polyimide.
- polyimide is resistant to heat
- the cured film in the present invention is used for plastic substrates and interlayer insulation films for liquid crystal displays, organic EL displays, electronic paper and other display devices, automotive parts, heat resistant paints, coating agents, and films. Can also be suitably used.
- reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and 21.43 g (270.9 mmol) pyridine and 90 mL N-methylpyrrolidone were added.
- the reaction mixture was then cooled to ⁇ 10 ° C. and 16.12 g (135.5 mmol) of SOCl 2 was added over 10 minutes while maintaining the temperature at ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ° C. During the addition of SOCl 2 the viscosity increased. After dilution with 50 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
- the obtained diester was chlorinated with SOCl 2 , it was converted into a polyimide precursor with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, and the polyimide precursor ( A-2) was obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) as a polystyrene conversion value was 20,000.
- the obtained diester was chlorinated with SOCl 2 , it was converted into a polyimide precursor with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, and the polyimide precursor ( A-3) was obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 22,000 as a polystyrene conversion value.
- the obtained polyimide precursor was dried at 45 ° C. under reduced pressure for 3 days to obtain a polyimide precursor (A-4).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 17,000 as a polystyrene conversion value.
- Base generator B-1 The following compound (thermal base generator)
- B-2 The following compound (thermal base generator)
- B-3 The following compound (thermal base generator)
- B-4 The following compound (thermal base generator)
- B-5 The following compound (thermal base generator)
- RB-1 The following compound (photobase generator)
- RB-2 The following compound (photobase generator)
- C Organic titanium compounds, etc.
- C-1 Tetraisopropoxy titanium (manufactured by Matsumoto Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- C-2 Tetrakis (2-ethylhexyloxy) titanium (Matsumoto Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- C-3 Diisopropoxybis (ethyl acetoacetate) titanium (Matsumoto Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- C-4 Diisopropoxybis (acetylacetonato) titanium (Matsumoto Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- C-5 The following compound. C-5 is also a compound having radical polymerization initiating ability.
- C-6 The following compound C-7: The following compound C-8: The following compound C-9: The following compound C-10: The following compound C-11: the following compounds
- D-1 Radical polymerizable compound
- D-2 A-DPH (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- D-3 A-TMMT (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- E Photoradical polymerization initiator
- E-1 IRGACURE OXE 01 (manufactured by BASF)
- E-2 IRGACURE 369 (manufactured by BASF)
- E-3 IRGACURE OX 02 (manufactured by BASF)
- F-1 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- F-2 Parabenzoquinone (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- F-3 Paramethoxyphenol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- each exposure energy of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 mJ / cm 2 is used using a line and space photomask in 1 ⁇ m increments from 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m. Then, exposure was performed to obtain a resin layer.
- the resin layer was negatively developed with cyclopentanone for 60 seconds.
- the measurement limit is 5 ⁇ m. A: It was 5 to 8 ⁇ m. B: It was 10 micrometers or less exceeding 8 micrometers. C: It was 15 micrometers or less exceeding 10 micrometers. D: It was 20 micrometers or less exceeding 15 micrometers. E: It exceeded 20 micrometers.
- F A pattern having a line width with sharp edges could not be obtained.
- Each photosensitive resin composition was subjected to pressure filtration at a pressure of 0.3 MPa through a filter having a pore width of 0.8 ⁇ m, and then spin-coated on a silicon wafer.
- the silicon wafer to which the photosensitive resin composition was applied was dried on a hot plate at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a uniform photosensitive resin composition layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m on the silicon wafer.
- the photosensitive resin composition layer on the silicon wafer was exposed using a stepper (Nikon NSR 2005 i9C). The exposure was performed with i-line, and the exposure was performed with an exposure energy of 400 mJ / cm 2 at a wavelength of 365 nm.
- Each photosensitive resin composition was subjected to pressure filtration at a pressure of 0.3 MPa through a filter having a pore width of 0.8 ⁇ m, and then spin-coated on a silicon wafer.
- the silicon wafer to which the photosensitive resin composition was applied was dried on a hot plate at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a uniform photosensitive resin composition layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m on the silicon wafer.
- the entire surface of the photosensitive resin composition layer on the silicon wafer was exposed with an exposure energy of 400 mJ / cm 2 using a stepper (Nikon NSR 2005 i9C) to obtain a resin layer. Furthermore, after heating the resin layer at 200 ° C.
- the Tg of the peeled resin layer was measured using a viscoelasticity measuring device Rheosol-E4000 (manufactured by UBM). Specifically, the Tg of the resin layer was measured as the temperature at which the loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) measured using a viscoelasticity measuring apparatus under a constant temperature rise was maximized.
- the temperature rise rate is 5 ° C./min
- the temperature of the resin layer is raised from 0 ° C. to 350 ° C.
- a strain with a strain angle of 0.1 degree is given to the resin layer at a cycle of 100 Hz.
- Tg was measured and evaluated according to the following criteria.
- C 250 ° C. or higher and lower than 260 ° C.
- D 240 ° C. or higher and lower than 250 ° C.
- E 230 ° C. or higher and lower than 240 ° C.
- F 220 ° C. or higher and lower than 230 ° C.
- the exposure latitude values indicate exposure energy (unit: mJ / cm 2 ).
- the photosensitive resin compositions of the present invention (Examples 1 to 43) had a high ring closure rate at 200 ° C. and a high Tg. Further, the photosensitive resin compositions of the present invention (Examples 1 to 43) were excellent in exposure latitude.
- Tables 2 to 4 when polymethyl methacrylate was used as the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer, ring closure was not possible (Comparative Example 1). Further, when a polyimide resin (Comparative Example 2) was used as the heterocyclic ring-containing polymer, Tg was also low.
- Example 100 The photosensitive resin composition of Example 1 was subjected to pressure filtration at a pressure of 0.3 MPa through a filter having a pore width of 0.8 ⁇ m, and then spin coated on a substrate on which a copper thin layer was formed ( 3500 rpm, 30 seconds).
- the photosensitive resin composition applied to the substrate was dried at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then exposed using an aligner (KarlSuss MA150). Exposure was performed with a high-pressure mercury lamp, and exposure energy at a wavelength of 365 nm was measured. After exposure, the image was developed with cyclopentanone for 75 seconds. Subsequently, it heated at 180 degreeC for 20 minutes.
Abstract
Description
特許文献3には、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化反応を低温で行うことができる樹脂組成物の記載がある。光ラジカル重合開始剤としてメタロセンが列挙され、チタン化合物も記載されている。
一方、特許文献2には、同文献に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物が、感度、解像度および耐熱性に優れることが記載されている。しかしながら、上記ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を硬化して得られる硬化膜のガラス転移温度(Tg)が低いことが分かった。
さらに、特許文献3には、光ラジカル重合開始剤として、メタロセン化合物が記載され、さらに、チタンを含む化合物も記載されている。しかしながら、光塩基発生剤で塩基発生をさせる場合、塩基発生剤自身が光を吸収する必要があり、特に厚膜となった場合に光が奥まで到達せず、架橋反応が不十分になりやすい。それに対して熱塩基発生剤を使用することで露光波長に影響しない塩基発生剤を採用することができる。また、熱塩基発生剤を用いることで低下する傾向にあるTgをチタン化合物を用いることで高くでき、特に積層RDL(Re-Distribution Layer)用途(繰返して、硬化のための加熱がなされる用途)で有利となる。
本発明は、かかる課題を解決することを目的とするものであって、低温でも高い閉環率で閉環が可能な感光性樹脂組成物であって、上記感光性樹脂組成物を硬化して得られる硬化膜のTgが高い感光性樹脂組成物、ならびに、上記感光性樹脂組成物を用いた、硬化膜、積層体、硬化膜の製造方法、積層体の製造方法および半導体デバイスを提供することを目的とする。
<1>複素環含有ポリマー前駆体と、熱塩基発生剤と、第4族元素を含む有機化合物を含む感光性樹脂組成物。
<2>上記有機化合物は、チタン原子、ジルコニウム原子およびハフニウム原子から選択される少なくとも1つを含む有機化合物である、<1>に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<3>上記有機化合物は、チタン原子およびジルコニウム原子から選択される少なくとも1つを含む有機化合物である、<1>に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<4>上記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体が、ポリイミド前駆体またはポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体である、<1>~<3>のいずれかに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<5>上記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体が、ポリイミド前駆体である、<1>~<3>のいずれかに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<6>上記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体が、下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含む、<1>~<3>のいずれかに記載の感光性樹脂組成物;
式(2)
<7>上記式(2)中、R113およびR114の少なくとも一方が、ラジカル重合性基を含む、<6>に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<8>上記式(2)における、R115は、芳香環を含む4価の有機基である、<6>または<7>に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<9>上記式(2)における、R111は、-Ar-L-Ar-で表される、<6>~<8>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物;但し、Arは、それぞれ独立に、芳香族基であり、Lは、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、-O-、-CO-、-S-、-SO2-または-NHCO-、ならびに、上記の2つ以上の組み合わせからなる基である。
<10>上記式(2)における、R111は、下記式(51)または式(61)で表される基である、<6>~<9>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物;
式(51)
式(61)
<11>上記熱塩基発生剤が式(101)または式(102)で表されるアンモニウム構造を有する、<1>~<10>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物;
式(101) 式(102)
<12>上記有機化合物が、チタノセン化合物、テトラアルコキシチタン化合物、チタンアシレート化合物、チタンキレート化合物、ジルコノセン化合物およびハフノセン化合物から選択される、<1>~<11>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<13>上記有機化合物が、チタノセン化合物、ジルコノセン化合物およびハフノセン化合物から選択される、<1>~<11>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<14>上記有機化合物が、チタノセン化合物およびジルコノセン化合物から選択される、<1>~<11>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<15>さらに、ラジカル重合性化合物を含む、<1>~<14>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<16>さらに、光ラジカル重合開始剤を含む、<1>~<15>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<17>さらに、溶剤を含む、<1>~<16>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<18>ネガ型現像に用いられる、<1>~<17>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<19>再配線層用層間絶縁膜の形成に用いられる、<1>~<18>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
<20><1>~<19>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化してなる硬化膜。
<21><20>に記載の硬化膜を2層以上有する、積層体。
<22>上記硬化膜の間に、金属層を有する、<21>に記載の積層体。
<23><1>~<19>のいずれか1つに記載の感光性樹脂組成物を用いることを含む、硬化膜の製造方法。
<24>上記感光性樹脂組成物を基板に適用して層状にする、感光性樹脂組成物層形成工程と、上記感光性樹脂組成物層を露光する露光工程と、上記露光された感光性樹脂組成物層に対して、現像処理を行う工程とを有する、<23>に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
<25>上記現像処理がネガ型現像処理である、<24>に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
<26>上記現像処理工程後に、現像された感光性樹脂組成物層を50~450℃の温度で加熱する工程を含む、<24>または<25>に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
<27>上記現像処理工程後に、現像された感光性樹脂組成物層を50~250℃の温度で加熱する工程を含む、<24>または<25>に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
<28>上記硬化膜の膜厚が、1~30μmである、<23>~<27>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
<29><24>~<28>のいずれか1つに記載の硬化膜の製造方法に従って、硬化膜を形成後、さらに、再度、上記感光性樹脂組成物層形成工程、上記露光工程、および、上記現像処理工程を、上記順に、2~5回行う、積層体の製造方法。
<30><20>に記載の硬化膜、あるいは、<21>または<22>に記載の積層体を有する半導体デバイス。
本明細書における基(原子団)の表記に於いて、置換および無置換を記していない表記は、置換基を有さないものと共に置換基を有するものをも包含するものである。例えば、「アルキル基」とは、置換基を有さないアルキル基(無置換アルキル基)のみならず、置換基を有するアルキル基(置換アルキル基)をも包含するものである。
本明細書において「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、光を用いた露光のみならず、電子線、イオンビーム等の粒子線を用いた描画も露光に含める。また、露光に用いられる光としては、一般的に、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線(EUV光)、X線、電子線等の活性光線または放射線が挙げられる。
本明細書において、「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値および上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
本明細書において、「(メタ)アクリレート」は、「アクリレート」および「メタクリレート」の双方、または、いずれかを表し、「(メタ)アクリル」は、「アクリル」および「メタクリル」の双方、または、いずれかを表し、「(メタ)アクリロイル」は、「アクリロイル」および「メタクリロイル」の双方、または、いずれかを表す。
本明細書において「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけではなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であってもその工程の所期の作用が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
本明細書において、固形分濃度とは、組成物の総質量に対する、溶剤を除く他の成分の質量百分率である。また、固形分濃度は、特に述べない限り25℃における濃度をいう。
本明細書において、重量平均分子量(Mw)および数平均分子量(Mn)は、特に述べない限り、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(GPC測定)に従い、ポリスチレン換算値として定義される。本明細書において、重量平均分子量(Mw)および数平均分子量(Mn)は、例えば、HLC-8220GPC(東ソー(株)製)を用い、カラムとしてガードカラムHZ-L、TSKgel Super HZM-M、TSKgel Super HZ4000、TSKgel Super HZ3000、TSKgel Super HZ2000(東ソー(株)製)を用いることによって求めることができる。溶離液は特に述べない限り、THF(テトラヒドロフラン)を用いて測定したものとする。また、検出は特に述べない限り、UV線(紫外線)の波長254nm検出器を使用したものとする。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物(以下、「本発明の組成物」ということがある)は、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体、熱塩基発生剤、ならびに、第4族元素を含む有機化合物を含むことを特徴とする。熱塩基発生剤と第4族元素を含む有機化合物とを併用することにより、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体を低い温度(例えば、200℃)で、高い閉環率で閉環させることが可能になり、かつ、高いTgを有する硬化膜(樹脂層)を形成することが可能になる。さらに、熱塩基発生剤が露光エネルギーを消費することが、ほとんどないため、露光ラチチュードも向上させることができる。
特に、光塩基発生剤を用いると、感光性樹脂組成物を厚い層にした場合に、光が、光照射した面と反対側の面まで到達しなかったり、露光波長が光塩基発生剤の吸収極大波長と一致しない場合などに、架橋反応が不十分になりやすかった。本発明では、熱塩基発生剤を使用することで、感光性樹脂組成物層の厚さや、露光波長に関係なく、架橋反応を十分に進行させることができる。また、熱塩基発生剤を用いた場合、得られる硬化膜のガラス転移温度が低下する傾向にあるが、本発明では、第4族元素を含む有機化合物を用いることにより、得られる硬化膜のTgを高く維持することができる。このため、繰り返し熱硬化される積層型RDL用途に用いる場合も、適切に積層型RDLを形成できる。
以下、これらの成分について詳細に説明する。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物は、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の少なくとも1種を含む。複素環含有ポリマー前駆体としては、ポリイミド前駆体またはポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体を含むことが好ましく、ポリイミド前駆体を含むことがより好ましい。
本発明で用いるポリイミド前駆体はその種類等特に定めるものではないが、下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
式(2)
式(2)におけるR111は、2価の有機基を表す。2価の有機基としては、直鎖または分岐の脂肪族基、環状の脂肪族基および芳香族基を含む基が例示され、炭素数2~20の直鎖の脂肪族基、炭素数3~20の分岐の脂肪族基、炭素数3~20の環状の脂肪族基、炭素数6~20の芳香族基、または、これらの組み合わせからなる基が好ましく、炭素数6~20の芳香族基からなる基がより好ましい。
具体的には、炭素数2~20の直鎖または分岐の脂肪族基、炭素数3~20の環状の脂肪族基、炭素数6~20の芳香族基、または、これらの組み合わせからなる基を含むジアミンであることが好ましく、炭素数6~20の芳香族基からなる基を含むジアミンであることがより好ましい。芳香族基の例としては、下記が挙げられる。
ジェファーミン(登録商標)KH-511、ジェファーミン(登録商標)ED-600、ジェファーミン(登録商標)ED-900、ジェファーミン(登録商標)ED-2003、ジェファーミン(登録商標)EDR-148、ジェファーミン(登録商標)EDR-176の構造を以下に示す。
式(51)
R10~R17の1価の有機基として、炭素数1~10(好ましくは炭素数1~6)の無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~10(好ましくは炭素数1~6)のフッ化アルキル基等が挙げられる。
式(61)
式(51)または(61)の構造を与えるジアミン化合物としては、ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ビス(フルオロ)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノオクタフルオロビフェニル等が挙げられる。これらの1種を用いるか、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
式(5)
式(O)
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基としては、ビニル基、(メタ)アリル基、下記式(III)で表される基などが挙げられる。
式(III)において、R201は、炭素数2~12のアルキレン基、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-または炭素数4~30のポリオキシアルキレン基を表す。
好適なR201の例は、エチレン基、プロピレン基、トリメチレン基、テトラメチレン基、1,2-ブタンジイル基、1,3-ブタンジイル基、ペンタメチレン基、ヘキサメチレン基、オクタメチレン基、ドデカメチレン基、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-が挙げられ、エチレン基、プロピレン基、トリメチレン基、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-がより好ましい。
特に好ましくは、R200がメチル基で、R201がエチレン基である。
R113またはR114が表す1価の有機基としては、現像液の溶解度を向上させる置換基が好ましく用いられる。
R113またはR114が、水素原子、2-ヒドロキシベンジル、3-ヒドロキシベンジルおよび4-ヒドロキシベンジルであることが、水性現像液に対する溶解性の点からは、より好ましい。
アルキル基の炭素数は1~30が好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよい。直鎖または分岐のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ドデシル基、テトラデシル基、オクタデシル基、イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、1-エチルペンチル基、および2-エチルヘキシル基が挙げられる。環状のアルキル基は、単環の環状のアルキル基であってもよく、多環の環状のアルキル基であってもよい。単環の環状のアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基およびシクロオクチル基が挙げられる。多環の環状のアルキル基としては、例えば、アダマンチル基、ノルボルニル基、ボルニル基、カンフェニル基、デカヒドロナフチル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、カンホロイル基、ジシクロヘキシル基およびピネニル基が挙げられる。中でも、高感度化との両立の観点から、シクロヘキシル基が最も好ましい。また、芳香族基で置換されたアルキル基としては、後述する芳香族基で置換された直鎖アルキル基が好ましい。
芳香族基としては、具体的には、置換または無置換のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ペンタレン環、インデン環、アズレン環、ヘプタレン環、インダセン環、ペリレン環、ペンタセン環、アセナフテン環、フェナントレン環、アントラセン環、ナフタセン環、クリセン環、トリフェニレン環、フルオレン環、ビフェニル環、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピリジン環、ピラジン環、ピリミジン環、ピリダジン環、インドリジン環、インドール環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、イソベンゾフラン環、キノリジン環、キノリン環、フタラジン環、ナフチリジン環、キノキサリン環、キノキサゾリン環、イソキノリン環、カルバゾール環、フェナントリジン環、アクリジン環、フェナントロリン環、チアントレン環、クロメン環、キサンテン環、フェノキサチイン環、フェノチアジン環またはフェナジン環である。ベンゼン環が最も好ましい。
式(2-A)
R112は、式(5)におけるR112と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
分散度は、1.5~2.5が好ましい。
ポリイミド前駆体の製造方法では、反応に際し、有機溶剤を用いることが好ましい。有機溶剤は1種でもよいし、2種以上でもよい。
有機溶剤としては、原料に応じて適宜定めることができるが、ピリジン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(ジグリム)、N-メチルピロリドンおよびN-エチルピロリドンが例示される。
その後、ポリイミド前駆体を乾燥して、粉末状のポリイミド前駆体を得ることができる。
本発明で用いられるポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体は、下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
式(3)
式(3)において、R122は、4価の有機基を表す。4価の有機基としては、上記式(2)におけるR115と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
閉環に伴う反りの発生を抑制できる点で、下記式(SL)で表されるジアミン残基を他の種類の繰り返し構造単位として含むことが好ましい。
分散度は、1.5~2.5が好ましい。
複素環含有ポリマー前駆体は1種のみ含んでいてもよいし、2種以上含んでいてもよい。2種以上含む場合、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、熱塩基発生剤を含む。熱塩基発生剤を用いることにより、露光エネルギー消費を抑え、露光ラチチュードを拡大させることができ、さらに、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の閉環反応を行う加熱工程時に、閉環反応を促進させる塩基種を発生させることができるため、閉環率がより向上する傾向にある。
熱塩基発生剤としては、その種類等は特に定めるものではないが、40℃以上に加熱すると塩基を発生する酸性化合物、および、pKa1が0~4のアニオンとアンモニウムカチオンとを有するアンモニウム塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む熱塩基発生剤を含むことが好ましい。ここで、pKa1とは、酸の第一のプロトンの解離定数(Ka)の逆数の対数(-Log10Ka)を表し、詳細は後述する。
なお、本明細書において、酸性化合物とは、化合物を容器に1g採取し、イオン交換水とテトラヒドロフランとの混合液(質量比は水/テトラヒドロフラン=1/4)を50mL加えて、室温で1時間撹拌して得られた溶液を、pH(power of hydrogen)メーターを用いて、20℃にて測定した値が7未満である化合物を意味する。
酸性化合物(A1)およびアンモニウム塩(A2)の塩基発生温度が120℃以上であれば、保存中に塩基が発生しにくいので、安定性に優れた組成物を調製することができる。酸性化合物(A1)およびアンモニウム塩(A2)の塩基発生温度が200℃以下であれば、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化温度を低くできる。塩基発生温度は、例えば、示差走査熱量測定を用い、化合物を耐圧カプセル中5℃/分で250℃まで加熱し、最も温度が低い発熱ピークのピーク温度を読み取り、ピーク温度を塩基発生温度として測定することができる。
式(101) 式(102)
式(Y1-1)~(Y1-4)において、Ar101およびAr102は、それぞれ独立に、アリール基を表し、nは、1以上の整数を表し、mは、0~5の整数を表す。
アニオンの種類は、カルボン酸アニオン、フェノールアニオン、リン酸アニオンおよび硫酸アニオンから選ばれる1種が好ましく、塩の安定性と熱分解性を両立させられるという理由からカルボン酸アニオンがより好ましい。すなわち、アンモニウム塩は、アンモニウムカチオンとカルボン酸アニオンとの塩がより好ましい。
カルボン酸アニオンは、2個以上のカルボキシル基を持つ2価以上のカルボン酸のアニオンが好ましく、2価のカルボン酸のアニオンがより好ましい。この態様によれば、組成物の安定性、硬化性および現像性をより向上できる熱塩基発生剤とすることができる。特に、2価のカルボン酸のアニオンを用いることで、組成物の安定性、硬化性および現像性をさらに向上できる。
本実施形態において、カルボン酸アニオンは、pKa1が4以下のカルボン酸のアニオンであることが好ましい。pKa1は、3.5以下がより好ましく、3.2以下が一層好ましい。この態様によれば、組成物の安定性をより向上できる。
ここでpKa1とは、酸の第一のプロトンの解離定数の逆数の対数を表し、Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods(著者:Brown, H. C., McDaniel, D. H., Hafliger, O., Nachod, F. C.; 編纂:Braude, E. A., Nachod, F. C.; Academic Press, New York, 1955)や、Data for Biochemical Research(著者:Dawson, R.M.C.et al; Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959)に記載の値を参照することができる。これらの文献に記載の無い化合物については、ACD/pKa(ACD/Labs製)のソフトを用いて構造式より算出した値を用いることとする。
σmが正の値を示す置換基の例としては例えば、CF3基(σm=0.43)、CF3CO基(σm=0.63)、HC≡C基(σm=0.21)、CH2=CH基(σm=0.06)、Ac基(σm=0.38)、MeOCO基(σm=0.37)、MeCOCH=CH基(σm=0.21)、PhCO基(σm=0.34)、H2NCOCH2基(σm=0.06)などが挙げられる。なお、Meはメチル基を表し、Acはアセチル基を表し、Phはフェニル基を表す(以下、同じ)。
式(XA)
熱塩基発生剤は、1種または2種以上を用いることができる。2種以上を用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、第4族元素を含む有機化合物(以下、「有機チタン化合物等」ということがある)を含む。
第4族元素を含む有機化合物としては、チタン原子、ジルコニウム原子およびハフニウム原子から選択される少なくとも1つを含む有機化合物であることが好ましく、チタン原子およびジルコニウム原子から選択される少なくとも1つを含む有機化合物であることがより好ましい。また、チタン原子およびジルコニウム原子から選択される少なくとも1つを含む有機化合物は、好ましくは、有機基とチタン原子またはジルコニウム原子を含む化合物であり、一分子中のチタン原子およびジルコニウム原子の数は、合計で、1つであることが好ましい。有機基としては、特に定めるものではないが、炭化水素基、炭化水素基とヘテロ原子との組み合わせからなる基が好ましい。ヘテロ原子としては、酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子が好ましい。
本発明では、有機基の少なくとも1つは環状基であることが好ましく、少なくとも2つは環状基であることがより好ましい。上記環状基は、5員環の環状基および6員環の環状基から選択されることが好ましく、5員環の環状基から選択されることがより好ましい。5員環の環状基としては、シクロペンタジエニル基が好ましい。また、本発明で用いる有機チタン化合物等は、1分子中に2~4個の環状基を含むことが好ましい。
本発明における有機チタン化合物等は、下記式(P)で表されることが好ましい。
式(P)
上記置換基は、芳香族基、アルキル基、ハロゲン原子およびアルキルスルホニルオキシ基から選択されることが好ましい。
アルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、オクチル基、イソプロピル基、t-ブチル基、イソペンチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、2-メチルヘキシル基、シクロペンチル基等が挙げられる。
ハロゲン原子としては、F、Cl、Br、Iが挙げられる。
アルキルスルホニルオキシ基を構成するアルキル鎖としては、メチル鎖、エチル鎖、プロピル鎖、オクチル鎖、イソプロピル鎖、t-ブチル鎖、イソペンチル鎖、2-エチルヘキシル鎖、2-メチルヘキシル鎖、シクロペンチル鎖等が挙げられる。
上記置換基は、さらに置換基を有していてもよい。置換基の例としては、ハロゲン原子(F、Cl、Br、I)、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、アミノ基、シアノ基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アシルオキシ基、モノアルキルアミノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、モノアリールアミノ基およびジアリールアミノ基等が挙げられる。
有機チタン化合物等は、1種または2種以上を用いることができる。2種以上を用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、ラジカル重合開始剤を含有することが好ましい。ラジカル重合開始剤は、光ラジカル重合開始剤および熱ラジカル重合開始剤が挙げられ、光ラジカル重合開始剤が好ましい。
なお、本発明における有機チタン化合物等がラジカル重合開始能を有する場合があるが、この場合、本発明では、有機チタン化合物等として扱う。
また、本発明の組成物が、ラジカル重合開始能を有する有機チタン化合物等を用いる場合、本発明の組成物が、ラジカル重合開始剤を実質的に含まないことも好ましい。ラジカル重合開始剤を実質的に含まないとは、ラジカル重合開始剤の含有量が本発明の組成物に含まれる有機チタン化合物等の含有量の5質量%以下であることをいい、3質量%以下が好ましく、1質量%以下がより好ましく、0.1質量%がさらに好ましい。
また、本発明の組成物がラジカル重合性能を有さない有機チタン化合物等を用いる場合、有機チタン化合物等とラジカル重合開始剤を併用することが好ましい。
ここで、ラジカル重合開始能を有するとは、ラジカル重合を開始させることのできるフリーラジカルを発生させることができることを意味する。例えば、ラジカル重合性モノマーとバインダーポリマーと有機チタン化合物等を含む樹脂組成物に対して、有機チタン化合物等が光を吸収する波長域であって、ラジカル重合性モノマーが光を吸収しない波長域の光を照射した時に、ラジカル重合性モノマーの消失が起こるかどうかで確認することができる。消失の有無を確認するには、ラジカル重合性モノマーやバインダーポリマーの種類に応じて適宜の方法を選択できるが、一般的にIR測定(赤外分光測定)やHPLC測定(高速液体クロマトグラフィ)により確認することができる。
本発明で用いることができる光ラジカル重合開始剤としては、特に制限はなく、公知の光ラジカル重合開始剤の中から適宜選択することができる。例えば、紫外線領域から可視領域の光線に対して感光性を有する光ラジカル重合開始剤が好ましい。また、光励起された増感剤と何らかの作用を生じ、活性ラジカルを生成する活性剤であってもよい。
光ラジカル重合開始剤は、約300~800nm(好ましくは330~500nm)の範囲内に少なくとも約50のモル吸光係数を有する化合物を、少なくとも1種含有していることが好ましい。化合物のモル吸光係数は、公知の方法を用いて測定することができる。例えば、紫外可視分光光度計(Varian社製Cary-5 spectrophotometer)にて、酢酸エチル溶剤を用い、0.01g/Lの濃度で測定することが好ましい。
ヒドロキシアセトフェノン系開始剤としては、IRGACURE 184(IRGACUREは登録商標)、DAROCUR 1173、IRGACURE 500、IRGACURE-2959、IRGACURE 127(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)を用いることができる。
アミノアセトフェノン系開始剤としては、市販品であるIRGACURE 907、IRGACURE 369、および、IRGACURE 379(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)を用いることができる。
アミノアセトフェノン系開始剤として、365nmまたは405nm等の波長光源に吸収極大波長がマッチングされた特開2009-191179号公報に記載の化合物も用いることができる。
アシルホスフィン系開始剤としては、2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル-ジフェニル-ホスフィンオキサイドなどが挙げられる。また、市販品であるIRGACURE-819やIRGACURE-TPO(商品名:いずれもBASF社製)を用いることができる。
メタロセン化合物としては、IRGACURE-784(BASF社製)などが例示される。
オキシム化合物の具体例としては、特開2001-233842号公報に記載の化合物、特開2000-80068号公報に記載の化合物、特開2006-342166号公報に記載の化合物を用いることができる。
好ましいオキシム化合物としては、例えば、下記の構造の化合物や、3-ベンゾオキシイミノブタン-2-オン、3-アセトキシイミノブタン-2-オン、3-プロピオニルオキシイミノブタン-2-オン、2-アセトキシイミノペンタン-3-オン、2-アセトキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン、2-ベンゾイルオキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン、3-(4-トルエンスルホニルオキシ)イミノブタン-2-オン、および2-エトキシカルボニルオキシイミノ-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オンなどが挙げられる。
さらに、また、フッ素原子を有するオキシム化合物を用いることも可能である。そのようなオキシム化合物の具体例としては、特開2010-262028号公報に記載されている化合物、特表2014-500852号公報の段落0345に記載されている化合物24、36~40、特開2013-164471号公報の段落0101に記載されている化合物(C-3)などが挙げられ、本明細書に組み込まれる。
最も好ましいオキシム化合物としては、特開2007-269779号公報に示される特定置換基を有するオキシム化合物や、特開2009-191061号公報に示されるチオアリール基を有するオキシム化合物などが挙げられ、本明細書に組み込まれる。
さらに好ましい光ラジカル重合開始剤は、トリハロメチルトリアジン化合物、α-アミノケトン化合物、アシルホスフィン化合物、ホスフィンオキサイド化合物、メタロセン化合物、オキシム化合物、トリアリールイミダゾールダイマー、オニウム塩化合物、ベンゾフェノン化合物、アセトフェノン化合物であり、トリハロメチルトリアジン化合物、α-アミノケトン化合物、オキシム化合物、トリアリールイミダゾールダイマー、ベンゾフェノン化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物が一層好ましく、メタロセン化合物またはオキシム化合物を用いるのがより一層好ましく、オキシム化合物が特に好ましい。
また、光ラジカル重合開始剤は、ベンゾフェノン、N,N’-テトラメチル-4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン(ミヒラーズ ケトン)等のN,N’-テトラアルキル-4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、2-ベンジル-2-ジメチルアミノ-1-(4-モルホリノフェニル)-ブタノン-1、2-メチル-1-[4-(メチルチオ)フェニル]-2-モルホリノ-プロパノン-1等の芳香族ケトン、アルキルアントラキノン等の芳香環と縮環したキノン類、ベンゾインアルキルエーテル等のベンゾインエーテル化合物、ベンゾイン、アルキルベンゾイン等のベンゾイン化合物、ベンジルジメチルケタール等のベンジル誘導体などを用いることもできる。また、下記式(I)で表される化合物を用いることもできる。
熱ラジカル重合開始剤は、熱のエネルギーによってラジカルを発生し、重合性を有する化合物の重合反応を開始または促進させる化合物である。熱ラジカル重合開始剤を添加することによって、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化と共に、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の重合反応を進行させることもできるので、より高度な耐熱化が達成できることとなる。
熱ラジカル重合開始剤として、具体的には、特開2008-63554号公報の段落0074~0118に記載されている化合物が挙げられ、本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の組成物は、溶剤を含有することが好ましい。溶剤は、公知の溶剤を任意に使用できる。溶剤は有機溶剤が好ましい。有機溶剤としては、エステル類、エーテル類、ケトン類、芳香族炭化水素類、スルホキシド類、アミド類などの化合物が挙げられる。
エステル類として、例えば、酢酸エチル、酢酸-n-ブチル、酢酸イソブチル、ギ酸アミル、酢酸イソアミル、プロピオン酸ブチル、酪酸イソプロピル、酪酸エチル、酪酸ブチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、γ-ブチロラクトン、ε-カプロラクトン、δ-バレロラクトン、アルキルオキシ酢酸アルキル(例えば、アルキルオキシ酢酸メチル、アルキルオキシ酢酸エチル、アルキルオキシ酢酸ブチル(例えば、メトキシ酢酸メチル、メトキシ酢酸エチル、メトキシ酢酸ブチル、エトキシ酢酸メチル、エトキシ酢酸エチル等))、3-アルキルオキシプロピオン酸アルキルエステル類(例えば、3-アルキルオキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-アルキルオキシプロピオン酸エチル等(例えば、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル等))、2-アルキルオキシプロピオン酸アルキルエステル類(例えば、2-アルキルオキシプロピオン酸メチル、2-アルキルオキシプロピオン酸エチル、2-アルキルオキシプロピオン酸プロピル等(例えば、2-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、2-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、2-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、2-エトキシプロピオン酸メチル、2-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル))、2-アルキルオキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸メチルおよび2-アルキルオキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸エチル(例えば、2-メトキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸メチル、2-エトキシ-2-メチルプロピオン酸エチル等)、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、ピルビン酸プロピル、アセト酢酸メチル、アセト酢酸エチル、2-オキソブタン酸メチル、2-オキソブタン酸エチル等が好適なものとして挙げられる。
エーテル類として、例えば、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、メチルセロソルブアセテート、エチルセロソルブアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルアセテート等が好適なものとして挙げられる。
ケトン類として、例えば、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、2-ヘプタノン、3-ヘプタノン等が好適なものとして挙げられる。
芳香族炭化水素類として、例えば、トルエン、キシレン、アニソール、リモネン等が好適なものとして挙げられる。
スルホキシド類として、例えば、ジメチルスルホキシドが好適なものとして挙げられる。
アミド類として、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N -エチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド等が好適なものとして挙げられる。
溶剤は1種のみ含有していてもよいし、2種以上含有していてもよい。溶剤を2種以上含有する場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、ラジカル重合性化合物(以下、「重合性モノマー」ともいう)を含むことが好ましい。このような構成とすることにより、耐熱性に優れた硬化膜を形成することができる。
また、その他の好ましい重合性モノマーとして、特開2010-160418号公報、特開2010-129825号公報、特許第4364216号等に記載される、フルオレン環を有し、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基を2個以上有する化合物や、カルド樹脂も使用することが可能である。
さらに、その他の例としては、特公昭46-43946号公報、特公平1-40337号公報、特公平1-40336号公報に記載の特定の不飽和化合物や、特開平2-25493号公報に記載のビニルホスホン酸系化合物等もあげることができる。また、特開昭61-22048号公報に記載のペルフルオロアルキル基を含む化合物を用いることもできる。さらに日本接着協会誌 vol.20、No.7、300~308ページ(1984年)に光重合性モノマーおよびオリゴマーとして紹介されているものも使用することができ、それらの内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
酸基を有する重合性モノマーは、1種を単独で用いてもよいが、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。また、必要に応じて酸基を有しない重合性モノマーと酸基を有する重合性モノマーを併用してもよい。
酸基を有する重合性モノマーの好ましい酸価は、0.1~40mgKOH/gであり、特に好ましくは5~30mgKOH/gである。重合性モノマーの酸価が上記範囲であれば、製造や取扱性に優れ、さらには、現像性に優れる。また、重合性が良好である。
また、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体と重合性モノマーとの質量割合(複素環含有ポリマー前駆体/重合性モノマー)は、98/2~10/90が好ましく、95/5~30/70がより好ましく、90/10~50/50が最も好ましい。複素環含有ポリマー前駆体と重合性モノマーとの質量割合が上記範囲であれば、重合性および耐熱性により優れた硬化膜を形成できる。
本発明の組成物は、上述した複素環含有ポリマー前駆体およびラジカル重合性化合物以外の他の重合性化合物をさらに含むことができる。他の重合性化合物としては、ヒドロキシメチル基、アルコキシメチル基またはアシルオキシメチル基を有する化合物;エポキシ化合物;オキセタン化合物;ベンゾオキサジン化合物が挙げられる。
ヒドロキシメチル基、アルコキシメチル基またはアシルオキシメチル基を有する化合物としては、下記式(AM1)で示される化合物が好ましい。
エポキシ化合物としては、一分子中にエポキシ基を2以上有する化合物であることが好ましい。エポキシ基は、200℃以下で架橋反応し、かつ、架橋に由来する脱水反応が起こらないため膜収縮が起きにくい。このため、エポキシ化合物を含有することは、組成物の低温硬化および反りの抑制に効果的である。
オキセタン化合物としては、一分子中にオキセタン環を2つ以上有する化合物、3-エチル-3-ヒドロキシメチルオキセタン、1,4-ビス{[(3-エチル-3-オキセタニル)メトキシ]メチル}ベンゼン、3-エチル-3-(2-エチルヘキシルメチル)オキセタン、1,4-ベンゼンジカルボン酸-ビス[(3-エチル-3-オキセタニル)メチル]エステル等を挙げることができる。具体的な例としては、東亞合成株式会社製のアロンオキセタンシリーズ(例えば、OXT-121、OXT-221、OXT-191、OXT-223)が好適に使用することができ、これらは単独で、あるいは2種以上混合してもよい。
ベンゾオキサジン化合物は、開環付加反応に由来する架橋反応のため、硬化時に脱ガスが発生せず、さらに熱収縮を小さくして反りの発生が抑えられることから好ましい。
感光性樹脂組成物は、さらにマイグレーション抑制剤を含むことが好ましい。マイグレーション抑制剤を含むことにより、金属層(金属配線)由来の金属イオンが感光性樹脂組成物層内へ移動することを効果的に抑制可能となる。
マイグレーション抑制剤としては、特に制限はないが、複素環(ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピラゾール環、イソオキサゾール環、イソチアゾール環、テトラゾール環、ピリジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジン環、ピラジン環、ピペリジン環、ピペラジン環、モルホリン環、2H-ピラン環および6H-ピラン環、トリアジン環)を有する化合物、チオ尿素類およびメルカプト基を有する化合物、ヒンダードフェノール系化合物、サリチル酸誘導体系化合物、ヒドラジド誘導体系化合物が挙げられる。特に、トリアゾール、ベンゾトリアゾール等のトリアゾール系化合物、テトラゾール、ベンゾテトラゾール等のテトラゾール系化合物が好ましく使用できる。
マイグレーション抑制剤は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。マイグレーション抑制剤が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、重合禁止剤を含むことが好ましい。
重合禁止剤としては、例えば、ヒドロキノン、p-メトキシフェノール、ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール、ピロガロール、p-tert-ブチルカテコール、p-ベンゾキノン、ジフェニル-p-ベンゾキノン、4,4’チオビス(3-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、N-ニトロソ-N-フェニルヒドロキシアミンアルミニウム塩、フェノチアジン、N-ニトロソジフェニルアミン、N-フェニルナフチルアミン、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、1,2-シクロヘキサンジアミン四酢酸、グリコールエーテルジアミン四酢酸、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、5-ニトロソ-8-ヒドロキシキノリン、1-ニトロソ-2-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-1-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-5-(N-エチル-N-スルフォプロピルアミノ)フェノール、N-ニトロソ-N-(1-ナフチル)ヒドロキシアミンアンモニウム塩、ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-tert-ブチル)フェニルメタンなどが好適に用いられる。また、特開2015-127817号公報の段落0060に記載の重合禁止剤、および、国際公開WO2015/125469号の段落0031~0046に記載の化合物を用いることもできる。
また、下記化合物を用いることができる(Meはメチル基である)。
重合禁止剤は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。重合禁止剤が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、電極や配線などに用いられる金属材料との接着性を向上させるための金属接着性改良剤を含んでいることが好ましい。金属接着性改良剤としては、シランカップリング剤などが挙げられる。
本発明の組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、必要に応じて、各種の添加物、例えば、熱酸発生剤、増感色素、連鎖移動剤、界面活性剤、高級脂肪酸誘導体、無機粒子、硬化剤、硬化触媒、充填剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、凝集防止剤等を配合することができる。これらの添加剤を配合する場合、その合計配合量は組成物の固形分の3質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、熱酸発生剤を含んでいてもよい。熱酸発生剤は、加熱により酸を発生し、複素環含有ポリマー前駆体の環化を促進し硬化膜の機械特性をより向上させる。熱酸発生剤は、特開2013-167742号公報の段落0059に記載の化合物などが挙げられ、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
熱酸発生剤は、1種のみ用いても、2種以上用いてもよい。2種以上用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、増感色素を含んでいてもよい。増感色素は、特定の活性放射線を吸収して電子励起状態となる。電子励起状態となった増感色素は、熱塩基発生剤、熱ラジカル重合開始剤、ラジカル重合開始剤などと接触して、電子移動、エネルギー移動、発熱などの作用が生じる。これにより、熱塩基発生剤、熱ラジカル重合開始剤、ラジカル重合開始剤は化学変化を起こして分解し、ラジカル、酸或いは塩基を生成する。増感色素の詳細については、特開2016-027357号公報の段落0161~0163の記載を参酌でき、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の組成物は、連鎖移動剤を含有してもよい。連鎖移動剤は、例えば高分子辞典第三版(高分子学会編、2005年)683-684頁に定義されている。連鎖移動剤としては、例えば、分子内にSH、PH、SiH、GeHを有する化合物群が用いられる。これらは、低活性のラジカルに水素を供与して、ラジカルを生成するか、もしくは、酸化された後、脱プロトンすることによりラジカルを生成しうる。特に、チオール化合物(例えば、2-メルカプトベンズイミダゾール類、2-メルカプトベンズチアゾール類、2-メルカプトベンズオキサゾール類、3-メルカプトトリアゾール類、5-メルカプトテトラゾール類等)を好ましく用いることができる。
本発明の組成物には、塗布性をより向上させる観点から、各種類の界面活性剤を添加してもよい。界面活性剤としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、ノニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤などの各種類の界面活性剤を使用できる。また、下記界面活性剤も好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、酸素に起因する重合阻害を防止するために、ベヘン酸やベヘン酸アミドのような高級脂肪酸誘導体を添加して、塗布後の乾燥の過程で組成物の表面に偏在させてもよい。
本発明の組成物が高級脂肪酸誘導体を有する場合、高級脂肪酸誘導体の含有量は、本発明の組成物の全固形分に対して、0.1~10質量%が好ましい。高級脂肪酸誘導体は1種のみでもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。高級脂肪酸誘導体が2種以上の場合は、その合計が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物の水分含有量は、塗布面性状の観点から、5質量%未満が好ましく、1質量%未満がさらに好ましく、0.6質量%未満が特に好ましい。
また、本発明の組成物に意図せずに含まれる金属不純物を低減する方法としては、本発明の組成物を構成する原料として金属含有量が少ない原料を選択する、本発明の組成物を構成する原料に対してフィルターろ過を行う、装置内をポリテトラフルオロエチレン等でライニングしてコンタミネーションを可能な限り抑制した条件下で蒸留を行う等の方法を挙げることができる。
本発明の組成物は、上記各成分を混合して調製することができる。混合方法は特に限定はなく、従来公知の方法で行うことができる。
また、組成物中のゴミや微粒子等の異物を除去する目的で、フィルターを用いたろ過を行うことが好ましい。フィルター孔径は、1μm以下が好ましく、0.5μm以下がより好ましく、0.1μm以下がさらに好ましい。フィルターの材質は、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエチレンまたはナイロンが好ましい。フィルターは、有機溶剤であらかじめ洗浄したものを用いてもよい。フィルターろ過工程では、複数種のフィルターを直列または並列に接続して用いてもよい。複数種のフィルターを使用する場合は、孔径および/または材質が異なるフィルターを組み合わせて使用してもよい。また、各種材料を複数回ろ過してもよい。複数回ろ過する場合は、循環ろ過であってもよい。また、加圧してろ過を行ってもよい。加圧してろ過を行う場合、加圧する圧力は0.05MPa以上0.3MPa以下が好ましい。
フィルターを用いたろ過の他、吸着材を用いた不純物の除去処理を行ってもよい。フィルターろ過と吸着材を用いた不純物除去処理とを組み合わせてもよい。吸着材としては、公知の吸着材を用いることができる。例えば、シリカゲル、ゼオライトなどの無機系吸着材、活性炭などの有機系吸着材が挙げられる。
次に、本発明の硬化膜、積層体、半導体デバイス、硬化膜の製造方法、積層体の製造方法および半導体デバイスの製造方法について説明する。
本発明の硬化膜は、本発明の組成物を硬化してなる。本発明の硬化膜の膜厚は、例えば、1μm以上とすることができ、5μm以上とすることができる。また、上限値としては、100μm以下とすることができ、30μm以下とすることもできる。
また、本発明における硬化膜は、エレクトロニクス用のフォトレジスト、ガルバニック(電解)レジスト(galvanic resist)、エッチングレジスト、ソルダートップレジスト(solder top resist)などに用いることもできる。
また、本発明における硬化膜は、オフセット版面またはスクリーン版面などの版面の製造、成形部品のエッチングへの使用、エレクトロニクス、特にマイクロエレクトロニクスにおける保護ラッカーおよび誘電層の製造などに用いることもできる。
本発明の硬化膜は低温でも高い閉環率で閉環できるため、加熱温度を低くでき、半導体素子等へのダメージを減らすことができる。特に、本発明においては、上記温度範囲(例えば、200℃)で加熱したとき、80%以上の、さらには90%以上の閉環率を達成できる感光性樹脂組成物とすることができる。本発明における閉環率は、後述する実施例の記載に従って測定される。
配線基板120と積層体101との間には、再配線層105が形成された絶縁膜115が配置されており、配線基板120と積層体101とは、再配線層105を介して電気的に接続されている。絶縁膜115は、本発明の組成物を用いて形成してなるものである。
すなわち、再配線層105の一端は、半田バンプ等の金属バンプ103dを介して、半導体素子101dの再配線層105側の面に形成された電極パッドに接続されている。また、再配線層105の他端は、配線基板の表面電極120aと、半田バンプ等の金属バンプ103eを介して接続している。
そして、絶縁膜115と積層体101との間には、アンダーフィル層110aが形成されている。また、絶縁膜115と配線基板120との間には、アンダーフィル層110bが形成されている。
また、ポリイミドは熱に強いため、本発明における硬化膜等は、液晶ディスプレイ、有機ELディスプレイ、電子ペーパーなどの表示装置用のプラスチック基板や層間絶縁膜、自動車部品、耐熱塗料、コーティング剤、フィルム用途としても好適に利用できる。
[ピロメリット酸二無水物、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルおよびベンジルアルコールからのポリイミド前駆体(A-1:ラジカル重合性基を有さないポリイミド前駆体)の合成]
14.06g(64.5ミリモル)のピロメリット酸二無水物(140℃で12時間乾燥)と、14.22g(131.58ミリモル)のベンジルアルコールを、50mLのN-メチルピロリドンに懸濁させ、モレキュラーシーブで乾燥させた。懸濁液を100℃で3時間加熱した。加熱してから数分後に透明な溶液が得られた。反応混合物を室温に冷却し、21.43g(270.9ミリモル)のピリジンおよび90mLのN-メチルピロリドンを加えた。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±4℃に保ちながら16.12g(135.5ミリモル)のSOCl2を10分かけて加えた。SOCl2を加えている間、粘度が増加した。50mLのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、反応混合物を室温で2時間撹拌した。次いで、100mLのN-メチルピロリドンに11.08g(58.7ミリモル)の4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを溶解させた溶液を、20~23℃で20分かけて反応混合物に滴下した。次いで、反応混合物を室温で1晩撹拌した。次いで、5Lの水を投入して、ポリイミド前駆体を沈殿させ、水-ポリイミド前駆体混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリイミド前駆体をろ過して除き、4Lの水の中で再度30分間撹拌し再びろ過した。次いで、得られたポリイミド前駆体を減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、下記のポリイミド前駆体(A-1)を得た。得られたポリイミド前駆体(A-1)についてGPC測定を行った結果、ポリスチレン換算値として、重量平均分子量(Mw)は、22,000であった。
[ピロメリット酸二無水物、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルおよび2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートからのポリイミド前駆体(A-2:ラジカル重合性基を有するポリイミド前駆体)の合成]
14.06g(64.5ミリモル)のピロメリット酸二無水物(140℃で12時間乾燥した)と、18.6g(129ミリモル)の2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートと、0.05gのハイドロキノンと、10.7gのピリジンと、140gのダイグライム(ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル)を混合し、60℃の温度で18時間撹拌して、ピロメリット酸と2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートのジエステルを製造した。次いで、得られたジエステルをSOCl2により塩素化した後、合成例1と同様の方法で4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルでポリイミド前駆体に変換し、合成例1と同様の方法でポリイミド前駆体(A-2)を得た。得られたポリイミド前駆体(A-2)についてGPC測定を行った結果、ポリスチレン換算値として、重量平均分子量(Mw)は、20,000であった。
[4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルおよび2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートからのポリイミド前駆体(A-3:ラジカル重合性基を有するポリイミド前駆体)の合成]
20.0g(64.5ミリモル)の4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(140℃で12時間乾燥した)と、18.6g(129ミリモル)の2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートと、0.05gのハイドロキノンと、10.7gのピリジンと、140gのダイグライムを混合し、60℃の温度で18時間撹拌して、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸と2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートのジエステルを製造した。次いで、得られたジエステルをSOCl2により塩素化した後、合成例1と同様の方法で4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルでポリイミド前駆体に変換し、合成例1と同様の方法でポリイミド前駆体(A-3)を得た。得られたポリイミド前駆体(A-3)についてGPC測定を行った結果、ポリスチレン換算値として、重量平均分子量(Mw)は、22,000であった。
[4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物、および4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルからのポリイミド前駆体(A-4:カルボキシル基を有するポリイミド前駆体)の合成]
20.0g(64.5ミリモル)の4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(140℃で12時間乾燥した)を180mLのNMP(N-メチル-2-ピロリドン)に溶解させて、さらに21.43g(270.9ミリモル)のピリジンを加えて、反応液を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±4℃に保ちながら、11.08g(58.7ミリモル)の4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルをNMP100mLに溶解させた溶解液を30分かけて滴下し、次いで反応混合液を室温で1晩撹拌した。次いで、5Lの水を投入してポリイミド前駆体を沈殿させ、水-ポリイミド前駆体混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリイミド前駆体をろ過して除き、4Lの水の中で再度30分間撹拌し再びろ過した。次いで、得られたポリイミド前駆体を減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、ポリイミド前駆体(A-4)を得た。得られたポリイミド前駆体(A-4)についてGPC測定を行った結果、ポリスチレン換算値として、重量平均分子量(Mw)は、17,000であった。
[4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物、オルトトリジンおよび2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートからのポリイミド前駆体(A-5:ラジカル重合性基を有するポリイミド前駆体)の合成]
20.0g(64.5ミリモル)の4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(140℃で12時間乾燥した)と、18.6g(129ミリモル)の2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートと、0.05gのハイドロキノンと、10.7gのピリジンと、140gのダイグライムを混合し、60℃の温度で18時間撹拌して、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸と2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートのジエステルを製造した。次いで、得られたジエステルをSOCl2により塩素化した後、合成例1と同様の方法で4,4’-ジアミノ-2,2’-ジメチルビフェニルでポリイミド前駆体に変換し、合成例1と同様の方法でポリイミド前駆体(A-5)を得た。得られたポリイミド前駆体(A-5)についてGPC測定を行った結果、ポリスチレン換算値として、重量平均分子量(Mw)は、23,000であった。
[スベリン酸ジクロリド、および2,2'-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンからのポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体(A-6:ラジカル重合性基を有さないポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体)の合成]
N-メチル-2-ピロリドン100mLに、2,2'-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン13.92gを添加し、攪拌溶解した。続いて、温度を0~5℃に保ちながら、スベリン酸ジクロリド8.00gを10分間で滴下した後、60分間攪拌を続けた。次いで、6Lの水を投入し、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体を沈殿させ、水-ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体をろ過して除き、6Lの水を投入し、再度30分間撹拌し再びろ過した。次いで、得られたポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体を減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥した。
このポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体(A-6)についてGPC測定を行った結果、ポリスチレン換算値として、重量平均分子量(Mw)は、11,500であった。
下記記載の成分を混合し、均一な溶液として、感光性樹脂組成物を調製した。
<<感光性樹脂組成物の組成>>
(A)表1~4に記載の複素環含有ポリマー前駆体またはその代替物(樹脂成分):表1~4に記載の質量部
(B)表1、2および4に記載の熱塩基発生剤:表1、2および4に記載の質量部
(C)表1~3に記載の有機チタン化合物または有機ジルコニウム化合物、あるいはその代替物:表1~3に記載の質量部
(D)表1~4に記載のラジカル重合性化合物:表1~4に記載の質量部
(E)表1~4に記載の光ラジカル重合開始剤:表1~4に記載の質量部
(F)表1~4に記載の重合禁止剤:表1~4に記載の質量部
(G)表1~4に記載のマイグレーション抑制剤:表1~4に記載の質量部
(H)表1~4に記載の金属接着性改良剤:表1~4に記載の質量部
(J)表1~4に記載の溶剤:表1~4に記載の質量部
(A)樹脂成分
合成例1~6で合成した樹脂(ポリイミド前駆体)
比較例用ポリマー(RA-1):ポリメタクリル酸メチル(Mw:15,000、Aldrich社製)
比較例用ポリマー(RA-2):Matrimid 5218(HUNTSMAN社製、ポリイミド)
C-1:テトライソプロポキシチタン(マツモトファインケミカル社製)
C-2:テトラキス(2-エチルヘキシルオキシ)チタン(マツモトファインケミカル社製)
C-3:ジイソプロポキシビス(エチルアセトアセテート)チタン(マツモトファインケミカル社製)
C-4:ジイソプロポキシビス(アセチルアセトナト)チタン(マツモトファインケミカル社製)
C-5:下記化合物。C-5はラジカル重合開始能を有する化合物でもある。
RC-1:フェロセン(東京化成工業社製)
D-1:SR-209(サートマー社製)
D-2:A-DPH(新中村化学工業社製)
D-3:A-TMMT(新中村化学工業社製)
E-1:IRGACURE OXE 01(BASF社製)
E-2:IRGACURE 369(BASF社製)
E-3:IRGACURE OXE 02(BASF社製)
F-1:2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール(東京化成工業社製)
F-2:パラベンゾキノン(東京化成工業社製)
F-3:パラメトキシフェノール(東京化成工業社製)
G-1:下記化合物
G-2:下記化合物
G-3:下記化合物
G-4:下記化合物
H-1:下記化合物
H-2:下記化合物
H-3:下記化合物
J-1:γ-ブチロラクトン(三和油化社製)
J-2:ジメチルスルホキシド(和光純薬社製)
J-3:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(Ashland社製)
<<露光ラチチュード>>
各感光性樹脂組成物を、細孔の幅が0.8μmのフィルターを通して0.3MPaの圧力で加圧ろ過した後、シリコンウェハ上にスピンコートした。感光性樹脂組成物を適用したシリコンウェハをホットプレート上で、100℃で5分間乾燥し、シリコンウェハ上に10μmの膜厚の均一な感光性樹脂組成物層を形成した。シリコンウェハ上の感光性樹脂組成物層を、ステッパー(Nikon NSR 2005 i9C)を用いて露光した。露光はi線で行い、波長365nmにおいて、200、300、400、500、600、700、800mJ/cm2の各露光エネルギーで、5μmから25μmまで1μm刻みのラインアンドスペースのフォトマスクを使用して、露光を行って、樹脂層を得た。
A:5μm以上8μm以下であった。
B:8μmを超えて10μm以下であった。
C:10μmを超えて15μm以下であった。
D:15μmを超えて20μm以下であった。
E:20μmを超えた。
F:エッジの鋭さを持つ線幅を有するパターンが得られなかった。
各感光性樹脂組成物を、細孔の幅が0.8μmのフィルターを通して0.3MPaの圧力で加圧ろ過した後、シリコンウェハ上にスピンコートした。感光性樹脂組成物を適用したシリコンウェハをホットプレート上で、100℃で5分間乾燥し、シリコンウェハ上に10μmの膜厚の均一な感光性樹脂組成物層を形成した。シリコンウェハ上の感光性樹脂組成物層を、ステッパー(Nikon NSR 2005 i9C)を用いて露光した。露光はi線で行い、波長365nmにおいて、400mJ/cm2の露光エネルギーで露光して、さらにシクロペンタノンで60秒間ネガ型現像を行い樹脂層を得た。この樹脂層を窒素雰囲気下、200℃で3時間加熱した後に、樹脂層を掻きとり、赤外分光測定(IR測定)を行った。1778、1600、1475、1380、1088cm-1の各ピーク変化から閉環率を算出し、以下の基準で評価した。
A:90%以上
B:80%以上90%未満
C:70%以上80%未満
D:50%以上70%未満
E:50%未満
各感光性樹脂組成物を、細孔の幅が0.8μmのフィルターを通して0.3MPaの圧力で加圧ろ過した後、シリコンウェハ上にスピンコートした。感光性樹脂組成物を適用したシリコンウェハをホットプレート上で、100℃で5分間乾燥し、シリコンウェハ上に10μmの膜厚の均一な感光性樹脂組成物層を形成した。シリコンウェハ上の感光性樹脂組成物層を、ステッパー(Nikon NSR 2005 i9C)を用いて400mJ/cm2の露光エネルギーで全面を露光して、樹脂層を得た。さらに、樹脂層を200℃で3時間加熱した後、フッ酸水溶液に浸漬させて樹脂層をシリコンウェハ上から剥離した。剥離した樹脂層のTgを粘弾性測定装置Rheosol-E4000(UBM社製)を用いて測定した。具体的には、樹脂層のTgは、一定昇温条件下で粘弾性測定装置を用いて測定された損失正接(tanδ)が極大となる温度として測定した。実施例においては、昇温速度を5℃/分として、樹脂層の温度を0℃から350℃まで昇温し、樹脂層に対してひずみ角0.1度のひずみを、100Hzの周期で与えてTgを測定し、以下の基準で評価した。
A:270℃以上
B:260℃以上270℃未満
C:250℃以上260℃未満
D:240℃以上250℃未満
E:230℃以上240℃未満
F:220℃以上230℃未満
G:220℃未満
上記表1および2から明らかな通り、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物(実施例1~43)は、200℃での閉環率が高く、かつ、Tgが高かった。さらに、本発明の感光性樹脂組成物(実施例1~43)は、露光ラチチュードにも優れていた。
これに対し、表2~4から明らかな通り、複素環含有ポリマーとして、ポリメタクリル酸メチルを用いた場合、閉環できなかった(比較例1)。また、複素環含有ポリマーとして、ポリイミド樹脂(比較例2)を用いた場合、さらに、Tgも低かった。さらに、有機チタン化合物等(第4族元素を含む有機化合物)の代替物として、これらと近似する構造を有するフェロセンを配合した場合(比較例3)、閉環率は高かったが、Tgが低くなってしまった。
また、熱塩基発生剤に代えて、光塩基発生剤を用いた場合(比較例4および5)、閉環率が低くなった。さらに、露光ラチチュードも低かった。
さらに、熱塩基発生剤を含まない場合(比較例6~25)、閉環率が低く、Tgも低かった。一方、有機チタン化合物等を含まない場合(比較例26~34)、閉環率は高かったが、Tgが低かった。
実施例1の感光性樹脂組成物を、細孔の幅が0.8μmのフィルターを通して0.3MPaの圧力で加圧ろ過した後、表面に、銅薄層が形成された基板にスピンコートした(3500rpm、30秒)。基板に適用した感光性樹脂組成物を、100℃で5分間乾燥した後、アライナー(KarlSuss MA150)を用いて露光した。露光は高圧水銀ランプで行い、波長365nmでの露光エネルギーを測定した。露光の後、シクロペンタノンで75秒間画像を現像した。次いで、180℃で20分加熱した。このようにして、再配線層用層間絶縁膜を形成した。
この再配線層用層間絶縁膜は、絶縁性に優れていた。
また、この再配線層用層間絶縁膜を使用して半導体デバイスを製造したところ、問題なく動作することを確認した。
101a~101d:半導体素子
101:積層体
102b~102d:貫通電極
103a~103e:金属バンプ
105:再配線層
110、110a、110b:アンダーフィル層
115:絶縁膜
120:配線基板
120a:表面電極
Claims (30)
- 複素環含有ポリマー前駆体と、熱塩基発生剤と、第4族元素を含む有機化合物を含む感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記有機化合物は、チタン原子、ジルコニウム原子およびハフニウム原子から選択される少なくとも1つを含む有機化合物である、請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記有機化合物は、チタン原子およびジルコニウム原子から選択される少なくとも1つを含む有機化合物である、請求項1に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体が、ポリイミド前駆体またはポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記複素環含有ポリマー前駆体が、ポリイミド前駆体である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記式(2)中、R113およびR114の少なくとも一方が、ラジカル重合性基を含む、請求項6に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記式(2)における、R115は、芳香環を含む4価の有機基である、請求項6または7に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記式(2)における、R111は、-Ar-L-Ar-で表される、請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物;但し、Arは、それぞれ独立に、芳香族基であり、Lは、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、-O-、-CO-、-S-、-SO2-または-NHCO-、ならびに、前記の2つ以上の組み合わせからなる基である。
- 前記有機化合物が、チタノセン化合物、テトラアルコキシチタン化合物、チタンアシレート化合物、チタンキレート化合物、ジルコノセン化合物およびハフノセン化合物から選択される、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記有機化合物が、チタノセン化合物、ジルコノセン化合物およびハフノセン化合物から選択される、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記有機化合物が、チタノセン化合物およびジルコノセン化合物から選択される、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- さらに、ラジカル重合性化合物を含む、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- さらに、光ラジカル重合開始剤を含む、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- さらに、溶剤を含む、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- ネガ型現像に用いられる、請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 再配線層用層間絶縁膜の形成に用いられる、請求項1~18のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~19のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化してなる硬化膜。
- 請求項20に記載の硬化膜を2層以上有する、積層体。
- 前記硬化膜の間に、金属層を有する、請求項21に記載の積層体。
- 請求項1~19のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を用いることを含む、硬化膜の製造方法。
- 前記感光性樹脂組成物を基板に適用して層状にする、感光性樹脂組成物層形成工程と、
前記感光性樹脂組成物層を露光する露光工程と、
前記露光された感光性樹脂組成物層に対して、現像処理を行う工程とを有する、請求項23に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。 - 前記現像処理がネガ型現像処理である、請求項24に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
- 前記現像処理工程後に、現像された感光性樹脂組成物層を50~450℃の温度で加熱する工程を含む、請求項24または25に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
- 前記現像処理工程後に、現像された感光性樹脂組成物層を50~250℃の温度で加熱する工程を含む、請求項24または25に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
- 前記硬化膜の膜厚が、1~30μmである、請求項23~27のいずれか1項に記載の硬化膜の製造方法。
- 請求項24~28のいずれか1項に記載の硬化膜の製造方法に従って、硬化膜を形成後、さらに、再度、前記感光性樹脂組成物層形成工程、前記露光工程、および、前記現像処理工程を、前記順に、2~5回行う、積層体の製造方法。
- 請求項20に記載の硬化膜、あるいは、請求項21または22に記載の積層体を有する半導体デバイス。
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EP3492982A1 (en) | 2019-06-05 |
PT3492982T (pt) | 2020-12-21 |
JPWO2018025738A1 (ja) | 2019-05-30 |
JP2020101813A (ja) | 2020-07-02 |
JP6911165B2 (ja) | 2021-07-28 |
TW201831995A (zh) | 2018-09-01 |
KR102180287B1 (ko) | 2020-11-19 |
TWI810158B (zh) | 2023-08-01 |
EP3492982A4 (en) | 2019-08-14 |
TW202323983A (zh) | 2023-06-16 |
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TWI830588B (zh) | 2024-01-21 |
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