WO2017221869A1 - 置換された多環性ピリドン誘導体の製造方法およびその結晶 - Google Patents
置換された多環性ピリドン誘導体の製造方法およびその結晶 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D498/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D498/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5383—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
- A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B61/00—Other general methods
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a substituted polycyclic pyridone derivative and crystals thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a substituted polycyclic pyridone derivative having cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitory activity and an intermediate thereof.
- Example 3 of Patent Document 1 a method for producing a polycyclic pyridone derivative using a pyrone derivative and a pyridone derivative is described.
- Examples 165 of Patent Documents 2 and 3 describe a method for producing a polycyclic pyridone derivative using a pyridone derivative.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe that optical purity decreases when a polycyclic pyridone derivative protected with a benzyl group is used in the step of coupling an optically active polycyclic pyridone derivative and a thiepine derivative. It has not been. On the other hand, there is no description or suggestion that when a coupling reaction is performed using a polycyclic pyridone derivative protected with a hexyl group, the coupling reaction proceeds with good yield without a decrease in optical purity.
- the reaction in which the protecting group of the polycyclic pyridone derivative is exchanged from a protecting group other than an unsubstituted alkyl group to an unsubstituted alkyl group, the reaction can be carried out in the presence of a magnesium salt with a high yield and without a decrease in optical purity. There is no mention or suggestion of progression.
- Example 21 of Patent Document 1 describes a step of coupling a polycyclic pyridone derivative protected with a benzyl group and a benzhydryl derivative. In this production method, there is no description or suggestion of the step of exchanging the protecting group of the polycyclic pyridone derivative.
- Example 175 of Patent Document 2 a step of coupling a substituted tricyclic pyridone derivative and a benzhydryl derivative is described. In this production method, there is no description or suggestion of the step of exchanging the protecting group of the tricyclic pyridone derivative.
- Examples 583 and 584 of Patent Document 2 describe a process of coupling a substituted tricyclic pyridone derivative and a thiepine derivative. In this production method, there is no description or suggestion about a step of exchanging the protecting group of the tricyclic pyridone derivative or a decrease in optical purity.
- a compound represented by the formula (V) or (VI) has cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitory activity, and / or treatment of symptoms and / or diseases induced by infection with influenza virus and / or Useful as a preventive agent is described in PCT / JP2016 / 63139.
- the object of the present invention is shown herein by substituted polycyclic pyridone derivatives having cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitory activity of formula (V) or (VI) and formula (II) or (IV). To provide a new and useful process for the preparation of such intermediates.
- the present inventors have found that the optical purity of the optically active substituted cyclic pyridone derivative is lowered in the step of coupling the optically active substituted tricyclic pyridone derivative and the thiepine derivative.
- R 3 is hydrogen, R 4 is hydrogen; The production method of the above-mentioned (6), wherein R 5 is fluorine and R 6 is fluorine.
- the value of 2 ⁇ of powder X-ray diffraction is 7.1 ⁇ 0.2 °, 9.3 ⁇ 0.2 °, 12.6 ⁇ 0.2 °, 14.1 ⁇ 0.2 °, 17 .7 ⁇ 0.2 °, 18.7 ⁇ 0.2 °, 19.2 ⁇ 0.2 °, 22.2 ⁇ 0.2 °, 25.4 ⁇ 0.2 °, 27.7 ⁇ 0.
- the polycyclic pyridone derivative represented by the formula (V) or (VI) can be efficiently produced with high optical purity.
- FIG. It is a powder X-ray-diffraction data of compound (V). It is the result of having measured the plasma concentration transition of the compound (V) about the compound (VI) which made the compound (V) into the prodrug after oral administration to a rat under non-fasting. It is the result of having measured the plasma concentration transition of the compound shown by the compound (VI) after orally administering to a rat non-fasting about the compound shown by the compound (VI) which compounded the compound (V). .
- Alkyl means straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and includes alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the like. For example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl and the like can be mentioned.
- protecting groups other than unsubstituted alkyl in R 1 include benzyl.
- Examples of the unsubstituted alkyl in R 2 include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, and n- Propyl, isobutyl, hexyl and the like are preferable, and hexyl is particularly preferable.
- the “protecting group other than unsubstituted alkyl” is not particularly limited as long as it is a protecting group other than the above “alkyl” that is deprotected in the presence of a sodium salt and / or magnesium salt.
- a protecting group other than the above “alkyl” that is deprotected in the presence of a sodium salt and / or magnesium salt.
- substituted alkyl etc. are mentioned, Preferably benzyl etc. are mentioned.
- Sodium salt is not particularly limited as long as “protecting group other than alkyl” is deprotected. Examples thereof include sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium isopropyl oxide, sodium tert-pentoxide, isopropylmagnesium chloride and the like. Preferred examples include sodium tert-pentoxide, isopropylmagnesium chloride and the like, and isopropylmagnesium chloride is particularly preferred.
- R 1 includes hydrogen or a protecting group other than unsubstituted alkyl.
- R 1 includes hydrogen or a protecting group other than unsubstituted alkyl.
- R 2 includes unsubstituted alkyl.
- R 2 Preferred embodiments of R 2 include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl and the like.
- Propyl, isobutyl, hexyl and the like are preferable, and hexyl is particularly preferable.
- a preferred embodiment of the “sodium salt and / or magnesium salt” is preferably “magnesium salt”, more preferably isopropyl magnesium chloride, cyclohexyl magnesium chloride, and the like, and particularly preferably isopropyl magnesium chloride.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each independently include hydrogen or halogen, and the number of halogens in R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is 1 or 2.
- a preferred embodiment of R 3 includes hydrogen.
- a preferred embodiment of R 4 includes hydrogen.
- a preferred embodiment of R 5 includes fluorine.
- a preferred embodiment of R 6 includes fluorine.
- “the number of halogens in R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is 1 or 2” means one or two of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6. Means one is halogen.
- reacting a compound with a compound includes reacting a salt thereof or a solvate thereof.
- Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound according to the present invention include a compound according to the present invention, an alkali metal (for example, lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), an alkaline earth metal (for example, calcium, barium, etc.), Magnesium, transition metals (eg, zinc, iron, etc.), ammonia, organic bases (eg, trimethylamine, triethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, meglumine, ethylenediamine, pyridine, picoline, quinoline, etc.) and amino acids Or inorganic acids (eg, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, hydroiodic acid, etc.) and organic acids (eg, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid) Acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, Le
- salts with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid, methanesulfonic acid and the like can be mentioned. These salts can be formed by a commonly performed method.
- alkali metal for example, lithium, sodium, potassium and the like
- alkaline earth metal for example, calcium, barium and the like
- magnesium transition metal
- transition metal for example
- zinc, iron, etc. are preferable, and alkali metals (for example, lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.) and alkaline earth metals (for example, calcium, barium, etc.) are more preferable.
- the compound according to the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may form solvates (for example, hydrates and the like) and / or crystal polymorphs, and the present invention includes such various solvates. And crystalline polymorphs.
- the “solvate” may be coordinated with an arbitrary number of solvent molecules (for example, water molecules) with respect to the compound according to the present invention.
- solvent molecules for example, water molecules
- the compound according to the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof When the compound according to the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is left in the air, it may absorb moisture and adsorbed water may adhere or form a hydrate. In some cases, the compound according to the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is recrystallized to form a crystal polymorph.
- crystal means a substance having an ordered long range of molecular structure.
- the crystallinity of the crystalline form can be measured by a number of techniques including, for example, powder X-ray diffraction, moisture adsorption, differential, calorimetric analysis, solution colorimetry, and dissolution characteristics.
- a crystalline organic compound is composed of a large number of atoms periodically arranged in a three-dimensional space.
- Structural periodicity typically develops physical properties that are clearly distinguishable by most spectroscopic probes (eg, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectra, Raman spectra, and solid state NMR).
- spectroscopic probes eg, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectra, Raman spectra, and solid state NMR.
- powder X-ray diffraction XRPD is one of the most sensitive analytical methods for measuring the crystallinity of solids.
- Amorphous solids typically exhibit a broad XRPD pattern, called a halo pattern, due to the absence of a wide range of repeating crystal lattices.
- each crystal body can be identified and distinguished from other crystal bodies by the presence of a characteristic diffraction peak.
- a characteristic diffraction peak as used herein is a peak selected from the observed diffraction pattern.
- the characteristic peaks are selected from about 20 in the diffraction pattern, more preferably about 10 and most preferably about 5.
- the relative intensities of the peaks shown in the tables and figures below can vary depending on a number of factors, such as the crystal orientation effect on the x-ray beam, the purity of the material being analyzed or the crystallinity of the sample. It has been.
- the peak position can also be shifted based on the variation in sample height.
- the crystal of the present invention can also be specified by a thermal analysis technique.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- DSC is one of the main measurement methods of thermal analysis, and is a method of measuring the thermal properties of a substance as an aggregate of atoms and molecules.
- DSC measures the change in calorie with temperature or time of the pharmaceutically active ingredient and plots the obtained data against temperature or time to obtain a differential scanning calorie curve. From the differential scanning calorimetry curve, it is possible to obtain information on the onset temperature when the pharmaceutically active ingredient melts, the maximum value of the endothermic peak curve accompanying melting, and the enthalpy.
- Method for producing the compound of the present invention A general method for producing the compound of the present invention is illustrated below. Extraction, purification, and the like may be performed in a normal organic chemistry experiment. The synthesis of the compound of the present invention can be carried out in consideration of techniques known in the art.
- the raw material compounds commercially available compounds, those described in the present specification, those described in the literature cited in the present specification, and other known compounds can be used.
- a salt of the compound of the present invention if the compound of the present invention is obtained in the form of a salt, it can be purified as it is, and if it is obtained in a free form, it can be dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent. Alternatively, it may be suspended and an acid or base is added to form a salt by an ordinary method.
- the compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may exist in the form of adducts (hydrates or solvates) with water or various solvents, and these adducts are also included in the present invention. Is included.
- the production method of the present invention can be carried out as follows, for example.
- First step (Wherein R 1 is hydrogen or a protecting group other than unsubstituted alkyl, and R 2 is unsubstituted alkyl.)
- This is a step of obtaining a compound represented by the formula (II) by reacting a compound represented by the formula (I) with an alcohol represented by the formula: R 2 —OH in the presence of a sodium salt and / or a magnesium salt.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it allows the above process to proceed efficiently. Examples include dichloromethane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, and the like, and the reaction can be performed alone or in combination or without solvent.
- tetrahydrofuran is used.
- the sodium salt and / or magnesium salt include sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium isopropoxide, sodium tert-pentoxide, isopropylmagnesium chloride, cyclohexylmagnesium chloride and the like.
- isopropyl magnesium chloride is used.
- the reaction may be performed using 0.1 mole equivalent to 5 mole equivalent, preferably 0.3 mole equivalent to 0.5 mole equivalent, relative to Compound (I).
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, it can be generally performed at about 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to room temperature.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited but is usually 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 10 hours.
- Second step (Wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or halogen, and the number of halogens in R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is 1 or 2) Other symbols have the same meaning as above.)
- a compound represented by formula (IV) is obtained by reacting a compound represented by formula (II ′) with a compound represented by formula (III) in the presence of a condensing agent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it allows the above process to proceed efficiently.
- Examples include ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, toluene, 1,4-dioxane, DMA, DMF, toluene, heptane, cyclopentyl methyl ether, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination. Preferably, a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane is used.
- the condensing agent examples include propylphosphonic anhydride, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, 10-camphorsulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, dichloroacetic acid, and tetramethylammonium hydrogen sulfate. Can be used alone or in combination. Preferably, a mixture of propylphosphonic anhydride and methanesulfonic acid is used.
- the reaction may be performed using 1 molar equivalent to 5 molar equivalents, preferably 1 molar equivalent to 3 molar equivalents, relative to compound (II ′).
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, it can be generally performed at about 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to room temperature.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited but is usually 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 10 hours.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it allows the above process to proceed efficiently.
- N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide and the like can be mentioned, and these can be used alone or in combination.
- N-methylpyrrolidone is used.
- the metal salt include lithium chloride and lithium bromide.
- lithium chloride is used.
- the reaction may be performed using 1 molar equivalent to 20 molar equivalents, preferably 5 molar equivalents to 10 molar equivalents, relative to compound (IV).
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, it can be generally carried out at about 0 to 100 ° C., preferably room temperature to 100 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, preferably 12 to 24 hours.
- Compound (V ′ ′′) can be obtained by a general method for converting the hydroxyl group of compound (IV ′′) to an ester group or an ether group.
- a general method for converting the hydroxyl group of compound (IV ′′) to an ester group or an ether group For example, the methods described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Theodora W Green (John Wiley & Sons), Prog. Med. 5: 2157-2161 (1985), and Supply by The British Library-“The world's Knowledge” can do.
- the “diastereomer ratio” indicates, for example, the HPLC area percentage ratio of the two stereoisomers shown below in the case of a compound represented by the following formula.
- the compound of formula (V) is useful for symptoms and / or diseases induced by influenza virus. For example, cold-like symptoms with fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, general malaise, airway inflammation such as sore throat, nasal discharge, nasal congestion, cough, sputum, gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, It is effective for treating and / or preventing complications associated with secondary infections such as acute encephalopathy and pneumonia and improving symptoms.
- the compound represented by the formula (VI) has advantages such as high oral absorption, good bioavailability, good clearance, and high pulmonary migration.
- the compound represented by the formula (V) has effects such as high inhibitory activity against cap structure-dependent endonuclease, which is a virus-specific enzyme, and high selectivity, it can be a pharmaceutical with reduced side effects. Furthermore, the compound represented by the formula (V) and / or the compound represented by the formula (VI) has high metabolic stability, high solubility, high oral absorption, good bioavailability, and good clearance. High lung migration, long half-life, high non-protein binding rate, low hERG channel inhibition, low CYP inhibition, CPE (Cytopathic Effect) cytopathic effect, and / or It also has advantages such as being negative in the phototoxicity test, Ames test, and genotoxicity test, or having no toxicity such as liver damage. Therefore, the compound represented by the formula (V) and / or the compound represented by the formula (VI) can be an excellent pharmaceutical product.
- the compound represented by the formula (V) and / or the compound represented by the formula (VI) can be administered orally or parenterally.
- the compound represented by the formula (V) and / or the compound represented by the formula (VI) is a usual preparation, for example, a solid agent such as a tablet, powder, granule or capsule; It can also be used as any dosage form of a suspension; or a liquid such as a syrup or elixir.
- parenteral administration the compound represented by the formula (V) and / or the compound represented by the formula (VI) can be used as an aqueous or oily suspension injection or nasal solution.
- a pharmaceutical composition containing a compound represented by formula (V) and / or a compound represented by formula (VI) is a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by formula (V) and / or a compound represented by formula (VI).
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
- the dose of the compound represented by the formula (V) and / or the compound represented by the formula (VI) varies depending on the administration method, the patient's age, body weight, condition, and type of the disease.
- About 0.05 mg to 3000 mg, preferably about 0.1 mg to 1000 mg per day for an adult may be administered in divided portions if necessary. In the case of parenteral administration, about 0.01 mg to 1000 mg, preferably about 0.05 mg to 500 mg is administered per day for an adult.
- the present invention includes not only a crystal in which the diffraction angle of the peak in powder X-ray diffraction completely coincides but also a crystal in which the diffraction angle of the peak coincides with an error of about ⁇ 0.2 °.
- TG / DTA Measurement of TG / DTA TG / DTA of the crystals obtained in each example was measured. A sample was weighed on an aluminum pan and measured in an open system. The measurement conditions are shown below. Equipment: TG / DTA7200 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd. Measurement temperature range: 30 °C -250 °C Temperature rising rate: 10 ° C./min Generally, measurement by TG / DTA may cause an error within a range of ⁇ 2 ° C. Therefore, the measured value by TG / DTA includes a numerical value within a range of about ⁇ 2 ° C.
- Moisture absorption / desorption isotherm measurement The moisture adsorption / desorption isotherm of the crystal obtained in each example was measured. A sample was weighed and measured in a sample pan. The measurement conditions are shown below. Apparatus: Surface Measurement Systems Ltd. DVS Advantage Measurement points: from 0% RH to 95% RH every 5%. Then from 95% RH to 0% RH every 5%: 25 ° C or 60 ° C
- DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- Example 1 Production Method of Compound 3 Step 1 Production Method of Compound 3 DMA (300 mL) was added to Compound 1 (100.00 g, 406 mmol) and stirred.
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate (44.41 g, 529 mmol), dimethyl sulfate (58.91 g, 467 mmol) and DMA (100 mL) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 7 hours.
- Synthetic hydrochloric acid (16.90 g) and water (500 g) were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (1000, 550 mL). The organic layer was washed with 5% brine (300 g) and water (300 g).
- the solvent was distilled off to a liquid weight of about 500 g by concentration under reduced pressure. Furthermore, ethyl acetate (350 mL) was added to the concentrated solution, and the solvent was distilled off to a liquid weight of about 500 g by concentration under reduced pressure. DMA (300 mL) was added to the concentrated liquid, and the solvent was distilled off to a liquid weight of about 400 g by concentration under reduced pressure. After adding pyridine p-toluenesulfonic acid (265.42 g) and DMA (100 mL) to the concentrate, the temperature of the reaction solution was raised to 60 ° C.
- Step 2 Production Method of Compound 8 Ethanol (20 mL) and water (20 mL) were added to Compound 6 (20.02 g, 71.68 mmol) and stirred. The reaction was warmed to 60 ° C. A 60% hydrazine monohydrate aqueous solution (8.99 g, 107.7 mmol) was added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 4 hours. Water (40 mL) was added to the reaction solution, cooled to 30 ° C., and 17% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution (92.12 g) was added. The reaction solution was extracted four times with methylene chloride (120, 78, 78, 78 mL).
- the organic layer was washed with water (20 mL), and the solvent was distilled off to a liquid weight of about 160 g by concentration under reduced pressure.
- THF 100 mL was added to the concentrate, and the solvent was distilled off to a liquid weight of about 40 g by concentration under reduced pressure.
- THF 100 mL was added to the concentrate, and the solvent was distilled off to a liquid weight of about 40 g by concentration under reduced pressure.
- THF (20 mL) was added to the concentrate, and 15 g of a THF solution of compound 7 was obtained by concentration under reduced pressure.
- Step 3 Production Method of Compound 9
- Acetonitrile (170 mL) and water (30 mL) were added to Compound 8 (19.99 g, 40.7 mmol) and stirred.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was raised to 60 ° C., and methanesulfonic acid (11.70 g, 121.7 mmol) was slowly added.
- the reaction solution was stirred at 60 ° C. for 6 hours and then cooled to 25 ° C.
- a 30% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (15.91 g) was added to the reaction mixture, and the solvent was distilled off to a liquid weight of about 100 g by concentration under reduced pressure.
- Step 2 Production Method of Compounds 13 and 9
- ethyl acetate (120 mL) and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene 530 mg, 3.5 mmol
- the temperature of the reaction solution was raised to 30 ° C., and a mixed solution of methanol (1.67 g) and ethyl acetate (43 mL) was slowly added.
- the reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and the resulting white precipitate was collected by filtration.
- the obtained crystals were washed with ethyl acetate (60 mL) and dried to obtain white crystals of compound 13 (11.06 g, yield 45%).
- the concentrated solution was heated to 60 ° C., and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene (19.01 g, 124.9 mmol) was added.
- the reaction was stirred at 60 ° C. for 3.5 hours and cooled to 40 ° C.
- To the reaction solution was added 5.8% aqueous hydrochloric acid (50.40 g), and the mixture was cooled to 25 ° C. to obtain a solution of 314.96 g
- a part of the solution (158.86 g) was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the solvent was distilled off to a liquid weight of about 85 g.
- the concentrated solution was stirred at 20 ° C. for 2 hours, and then water (28 mL) was added.
- the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the solvent was distilled off to a liquid weight of about 100 g.
- the concentrated solution was stirred at 20 ° C. for 1 hour, and the precipitated pale yellowish white crystals were collected by filtration.
- the obtained crystals were washed with water (42 mL) and dried to give Compound 9 (5.93 g, yield 42%) as pale yellowish white crystals.
- Step 2 Production method of compound 16 Toluene (17.8 mL), thiophenol (3.90 g, 35.4 mmol) and D-camphorsulfonic acid (1.16 g, 5.0 mmol) were added to the toluene solution of compound 15 obtained above and stirred. The temperature was raised to 60 ° C. The reaction was stirred at 60 ° C. for 4 hours and then cooled to 5 ° C. A 2 mol / L aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (10 mL) was added to the reaction solution, and the temperature was raised to 25 ° C.
- reaction solution was extracted with toluene (10 mL), and the obtained organic layer was washed with 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (5 mL) and water (10 mL). After concentration under reduced pressure, toluene was added to obtain a toluene solution of compound 16.
- Step 3 Method for Producing Compound 17
- Toluene 25 mL was added to aluminum chloride (5.52 g, 41.4 mmol), and the mixture was stirred and cooled to 0 ° C.
- a toluene (10 mL) solution of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (5.56 g, 41.4 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction solution, and the temperature was raised to 25 ° C.
- the toluene solution of compound 16 obtained above was slowly added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 2.5 hours.
- 15% aqueous sulfuric acid 35 mL was added and stirred, and then separated into an organic layer and an aqueous layer.
- the obtained organic layer was washed twice with water (20 mL). The solvent was distilled off to a liquid weight of about 16 g by concentration under reduced pressure. Heptane (40 mL) was slowly added to the concentrate, and after cooling to 0 ° C., the resulting white precipitate was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was washed with heptane (20 mL) and then dried to obtain Compound 17 (7.20 g, yield 81.3%) as a white solid.
- Step 4 Production Method of Compound 18 Polyphosphoric acid (425.0 g) was heated to 80 ° C. and stirred. Compound 17 (85.0g) was added there, and it heated up to 120 degreeC, and the reaction liquid was stirred at 120 degreeC for 3 hours. The reaction was cooled to 80 ° C. and water (200 mL) was added slowly. The reaction mixture was cooled to 30 ° C., water (850 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (850 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (425 mL) and 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (255 mL).
- Step 5 Method for Producing Compound 19
- Sodium borohydride (234.0 mg, 6.2 mmol) was suspended in 0.5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1.8 mL) to prepare a sodium borohydride suspension.
- 2-propanol (20 mL) and water (2.25 mL) were added and stirred, and the temperature was raised to 40 ° C.
- the sodium borohydride suspension prepared above was slowly added to the reaction solution. The reaction was stirred at 40 ° C. for 1.5 hours and cooled to 25 ° C. Water (32 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, and a mixture of water (6.7 mL) and 62% aqueous sulfuric acid (460 mg) was further added.
- Example 5 Production Method of Compound (V) and Compound (VI) Step 1-1 Production Method of Compound 20
- 1-Hexanol (22.5 g, 220 mmol) and THF (24.6 g) were mixed and the temperature was adjusted to 20 ° C.
- a THF solution of isopropylmagnesium chloride (2 mol / L, 7.2 g, 14.7 mmol) was added to the mixture to prepare a magnesium hexoxide solution.
- 1-Hexanol (22.5 g, 220 mmol) was added to compound 13 (12.0 g, 36.7 mmol) and stirred, and the temperature was adjusted to 20 ° C.
- the magnesium hexoxide solution prepared above was added to the obtained slurry.
- the reaction solution was stirred at 20 ° C.
- Step 1-2 Production Method of Compound 20
- the reaction was carried out using a THF solution (16.2 wt%, 0.4 eq) of cyclohexyl magnesium chloride instead of the THF solution (0.4 eq) of isopropyl magnesium chloride.
- Step 1-3 Production Method of Compound 20
- 1-Hexanol (27.5 g, 270 mmol) was added to compound 13 (4.91 g, 15.0 mmol) and stirred, and the temperature was adjusted to 0 ° C.
- To the resulting slurry was added sodium tert-pentoxide in THF (1.4 mol / L, 45.0 mmol). After stirring the reaction solution at 0 ° C. for 2.5 hours, the reaction solution was analyzed by HPLC, and the yield of Compound 20 was measured.
- Step 2 Method for producing mesylate salt of compound 21
- Compound 19 (8.0 g, 30.3 mmol), ethyl acetate (48.7 g) and cyclohexane (14.1 g) were added to compound 20 (12.0 g, 24.3 mmol) and stirred at 25 ° C. did. 50 (w / w)% T3P ethyl acetate solution (20.91 g, 32.9 mmol) was added, followed by methanesulfonic acid (3.5 g, 36.4 mmol). The temperature was raised to 60 ° C. and stirred for 24 hours. After cooling to 25 ° C., THF (32.0 g) and water (24.0 g) were added.
- a 24% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (30.8 g) was slowly added, and after standing, the organic layer and the aqueous layer were separated. The organic layer was washed twice with 7% brine (60.0 g). To the obtained solution was added a mixed solution of cyclohexane (9.3 g), ethyl acetate (32.1 g) and methanesulfonic acid (2.80 g, 29.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 2 hours, and the resulting white precipitate was collected by filtration.
- Step 3 Production Method of Compound (V) N-methylpyrrolidone (52.4 g) was added to compound 21 (15.0 g, 22.6 mmol) and stirred. Lithium chloride (8.6 g, 203.3 mmol) was added, and the temperature was raised to 75 ° C. The mixture was stirred at 75 ° C for 20 hours and then cooled to 40 ° C. Acetonitrile (20.0 g) was added, and water (11.6 g) was further added. After cooling to 30 ° C. and stirring for 30 minutes, water (142.5 g) was added slowly. After stirring for 1 hour and a half at 30 ° C., the resulting white precipitate was collected by filtration.
- Step 4 Production Method of Compound (VI) To a suspension of compound (V) (1.00 g, 2.07 mmol) in DMA (5 ml) was added chloromethyl methyl carbonate (0.483 g, 3.10 mmol) and potassium carbonate. (0.572 g, 4.14 mmol) and potassium iodide (0.343 g, 2.07 mmol) were added, and the mixture was heated to 50 ° C. and stirred for 6 hours. Furthermore, DMA (1 ml) was added to the reaction solution and stirred for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, DMA (6 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 5 min and filtered.
- Example 6 Production method of compounds 33 to 41 and diastereomeric ratio thereof Step 1 Production Method of Compounds 24 to 32 Compounds 24 to 32 were synthesized according to Steps 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 of Example 5 and conventional methods.
- Step 2 Production Method of Compounds 33 to 41 According to Step 2 of Example 5 above, Compounds 24 to 32 and Compound 19 were reacted, the reaction solution was analyzed by HPLC, and the diastereomeric ratio of Compounds 33 to 41 was measured.
- Compound 33a Retention time 6.4 min / Compound 33b: Retention time 6.7 min
- Compound 34a Retention time 8.9 min / Compound 34b: Retention time 9.3 min
- Compound 35a Retention time 9.8 min / Compound 35b: Retention time 10.1 min
- Compound 37a Retention time 12.5 min /
- Compound 37b Retention time 12.8 min
- Compound 38a Retention time 13.4 min / Compound 38b: Retention time 13.8 min
- Compound 39a Retention time 8.7 min / Compound 39b: Retention time 9.0 min
- Compound 40a Retention time 9.9 min / Com
- Test Example 1 Measurement of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) inhibitory activity 1) Preparation of substrate The 5′-terminal G was modified by phosphorylation, and the 2′-position hydroxyl group was modified by methoxylation. 30mer RNA (5'-pp- [m2'-O] GAA UAU (-Cy3) GCA UCA CUA GUA AGC UUU GCU CUA-BHQ2-3 ': U3 with Cy3 labeling and 3' end with BHQ2 labeling: Nippon Bioservice And the cap structure was added using the ScriptCap system manufactured by EPICENTRE (product is m7G [5 ']-ppp- [5'] [m2'-O] GAA UAU (-Cy3 ) GCA UCA CUA GUA AGC UUU GCU CUA (-BHQ2) -3 ').
- RNP was prepared from virus particles according to a conventional method (reference: VIROLOGY (1976) 73, p327-338 OLGA M. ROCHOVANSKY). Specifically, A / WSN / 33 virus 1 ⁇ 10 3 PFU / mL, 200 ⁇ L was inoculated into 10-day-old chicken eggs and cultured at 37 ° C. for 2 days.
- the virus particles were purified by ultracentrifugation using 20% sucrose, solubilized using TritonX-100 and lysolecithin, and then the RNP fraction (50% by ultracentrifugation using a 30-70% glycerol density gradient). ⁇ 70% glycerol fraction) was collected and used as an enzyme solution (containing approximately 1 nM PB1, PB2, PA complex).
- Enzyme reaction solution (composition: 53 mM Tris-hydrochloride (pH 7.8), 1 mM MgCl 2 , 1.25 mM dithiothreitol, 80 mM NaCl, 12.5% glycerol, enzyme solution 0.15 ⁇ L on polypropylene 384-well plate ) was dispensed in 2.5 ⁇ L. Next, 0.5 ⁇ L of DMSO was added to the test compound solution 0.5 ⁇ L diluted stepwise with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the positive control (PC) and the negative control (NC) and mixed well.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- PC positive control
- NC negative control
- Test Example 2 CPE inhibitory effect confirmation test ⁇ Material> ⁇ 2% FCS E-MEM (adjusted by adding kanamycin and FCS to MEM (Minimum Essential Medium) (Invitrogen)) ⁇ 0.5% BSA E-MEM (adjusted by adding kanamycin and BSA to MEM (Minimum Essential Medium) (Invitrogen)) ⁇ HBSS (hanks' Balanced Salt Solution) MDBK cells The cell number was adjusted to an appropriate number (3 ⁇ 10 5 / mL) with 2% FCS E-MEM. MDCK cells After washing twice with HBSS, it was adjusted to an appropriate cell number (5 ⁇ 10 5 / mL) with 0.5% BSA E-MEM.
- ⁇ Operation procedure> As the test sample dilution and dispensing culture, 2% FCS E-MEM was used when MDBK cells were used, and 0.5% BSA E-MEM was used when MDCK cells were used.
- the same culture solution was used for dilution of virus, cells, and test samples.
- a test sample was diluted in advance to an appropriate concentration with a culture solution, and a 2- to 5-fold serial dilution series was prepared in a 96-well plate (50 ⁇ L / well). Two sheets for anti-Flu activity measurement and cytotoxicity measurement were prepared. Triplicate measurements were performed for each drug.
- Trypsin was added to the cells to a final concentration of 3 ug / mL only for anti-Flu activity measurement.
- -Influenza virus dilution and dispensing In advance, influenza virus was diluted to an appropriate concentration with a culture solution, and dispensed into a 96-well plate containing a test sample at 50 ⁇ L / well. The culture solution was dispensed at 50 ⁇ L / well on the cytotoxicity measurement plate.
- -Cell dilution and dispensing Cells adjusted to an appropriate number of cells were dispensed at 100 ⁇ L / well into 96-well plates containing test samples. The mixture was mixed with a plate mixer and cultured in a CO 2 incubator.
- Both for anti-Flu activity measurement and cytotoxicity measurement were cultured for 3 days.
- ⁇ Dispensing of WST-8 The 96-well plate cultured for 3 days was observed with the naked eye and under a microscope to confirm the morphology of the cells and the presence or absence of crystals. The supernatant was removed so as not to suck cells from the plate.
- WST-8 Kit was diluted 10-fold with the culture solution, and 100 ⁇ L of this WST-8 solution was dispensed into each well. After mixing with a plate mixer, the cells were cultured for 1 to 3 hours in a CO 2 incubator.
- 10 uL of 10% SDS solution was dispensed into each well after culturing to inactivate the virus.
- -Measurement of absorbance The absorbance of the mixed 96-well plate was measured with EnVision at two wavelengths of 450 nm / 620 nm.
- Test Example 1 CEN IC50
- Test Example 2 CPE EC50
- CEN cap-dependent endonuclease
- Test Example 3 CYP Inhibition Test O-deethylation of 7-ethoxyresorufin as a typical substrate metabolic reaction of human major CYP5 molecular species (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4) using commercially available pooled human liver microsomes (CYP1A2), methyl-hydroxylation of tolbutamide (CYP2C9), 4′-hydroxylation of mephenytoin (CYP2C19), O-demethylation of dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), and hydroxylation of terfenadine (CYP3A4), respectively.
- the degree to which the amount of metabolite produced was inhibited by the compound (V) was evaluated.
- reaction conditions were as follows: substrate, 0.5 ⁇ mol / L ethoxyresorufin (CYP1A2), 100 ⁇ mol / L tolbutamide (CYP2C9), 50 ⁇ mol / L S-mephenytoin (CYP2C19), 5 ⁇ mol / L dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), 1 ⁇ mol / L terfenadine (CYP3A4); reaction time, 15 minutes; reaction temperature, 37 ° C .; enzyme, pooled human liver microsome 0.2 mg protein / mL; compound concentration of compound (V) 1, 5, 10, 20 ⁇ mol / L ( 4 points).
- each of 5 types of substrates, human liver microsomes and compound (V) is added to 50 mmol / L Hepes buffer in the above composition, and NADPH as a coenzyme is added to serve as an indicator.
- resorufin CYP1A2 metabolite
- CYP1A2 metabolite resorufin in the centrifugation supernatant was quantified with a fluorescent multi-label counter
- tolbutamide hydroxide CYP2C9 metabolite
- mephenytoin 4 ′ hydroxide CYP2C19 metabolite
- Dextrorphan CYP2D6 metabolite
- terfenadine alcohol CYP3A4 metabolite
- Intravenous administration was carried out from the tail vein using a syringe with an injection needle.
- the bioavailability (BA) of the compound represented by the formulas (V) and (VI) was calculated from the AUC of the oral administration group and the intravenous administration group.
- the prodrug has improved bioavailability compared to the parent compound. Therefore, the compound represented by the formula (VI) is excellent in oral absorption, and can be a medicament useful as a therapeutic and / or prophylactic agent for symptoms and / or diseases induced by infection with influenza virus.
- Test Example 5 Metabolic stability test A commercially available pooled human liver microsome and compound (V) are reacted for a certain period of time, and the residual ratio is calculated by comparing the reaction sample with the unreacted sample, and the degree to which compound (V) is metabolized in the liver Evaluated.
- the compound (V) in the centrifugal supernatant was quantified by LC / MS / MS, and the remaining amount of the compound (V) after the reaction was calculated with the compound amount at 0 minute reaction as 100%.
- the hydrolysis reaction was carried out in the absence of NADPH, and the glucuronic acid conjugation reaction was carried out in the presence of 5 mmol / L UDP-glucuronic acid instead of NADPH. Thereafter, the same operation was carried out.
- the residual rate in oxidative metabolism at a compound concentration of 2 ⁇ mol / L is shown.
- CYP3A4 Fluorescence MBI Test is a test for examining the enhancement of CYP3A4 inhibition of compound (V) by metabolic reaction.
- 7-Benzyloxytrifluoromethylcoumarin (7-BFC) is debenzylated by the CYP3A4 enzyme (E. coli expression enzyme) to produce a fluorescent metabolite 7-hydroxytrifluoromethylcoumarin (7-HFC).
- CYP3A4 inhibition was evaluated using 7-HFC production reaction as an index.
- reaction conditions are as follows: substrate, 5.6 ⁇ mol / L 7-BFC; pre-reaction time, 0 or 30 minutes; reaction time, 15 minutes; reaction temperature, 25 ° C. (room temperature); CYP3A4 content (E. coli expression enzyme), Pre-reaction 62.5 pmol / mL, reaction 6.25 pmol / mL (10-fold dilution); compound concentration of compound (V), 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 ⁇ mol / L (6 points).
- NADPH is also added to the remaining pre-reaction solution to start the pre-reaction (pre-reaction is present), and after pre-reaction for a predetermined time, one plate is diluted to 1/10 with the substrate and K-Pi buffer.
- a control (100%) was obtained by adding only DMSO, which is a solvent in which compound (V) was dissolved, to the reaction system, and the residual activity (%) when compound (V) was added at each concentration was calculated.
- IC 50 was calculated by inverse estimation using a logistic model using the inhibition rate. The case where the difference in IC 50 values was 5 ⁇ mol / L or more was designated as (+), and the case where it was 3 ⁇ mol / L or less was designated as ( ⁇ ). (result) Compound (V): ( ⁇ )
- Test Example 7 Fluctuation Ames Test The mutagenicity of compound (V) was evaluated. Twenty microliters of Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100) cryopreserved was inoculated into 10 mL liquid nutrient medium (2.5% Oxoid nutritive broth No. 2) and cultured at 37 ° C. for 10 hours before shaking. For the TA98 strain, 9 mL of the bacterial solution was centrifuged (2000 ⁇ g, 10 minutes) to remove the culture solution.
- Micro F buffer K 2 HPO 4 : 3.5 g / L, KH 2 PO 4 : 1 g / L, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 : 1 g / L, trisodium citrate dihydrate: 0.
- MicroF containing 110 mL Exposure medium Biotin: 8 ⁇ g / mL, Histidine: 0.2 ⁇ g / mL, Glucose: 8 mg / mL) suspended in 25 g / L, MgSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 0: 0.1 g / L) Buffer).
- the TA100 strain was added to 120 mL of Exposure medium with respect to the 3.16 mL bacterial solution to prepare a test bacterial solution.
- DMSO solution of compound (V) maximal dose 50 mg / mL to several-fold dilution at 2-3 times common ratio
- DMSO as negative control
- 50 ⁇ g / mL for TA98 strain under non-metabolic activation conditions as positive control
- 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide DMSO solution 0.25 ⁇ g / mL 2- (2-furyl) -3- (5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide DMSO solution for TA100 strain, metabolic activation conditions
- TA98 strain 40 ⁇ g / mL 2-aminoanthracene DMSO solution and for TA100 strain, 20 ⁇ g / mL 2-aminoanthracene DMSO solution, respectively, 12 ⁇ L and test bacterial solution 588 ⁇ L (under metabolic activation conditions, test bacterial solution 498 ⁇ L) And S9 mix (90 ⁇ L of mixed solution) were mixed, followed by shaking culture at 37 ° C.
- the indicator medium (MicroF buffer containing biotin: 8 ⁇ g / mL, histidine: 0.2 ⁇ g / mL, glucose: 8 mg / mL, bromocresol purple: 37.5 ⁇ g / mL).
- the mixture was mixed with 2300 ⁇ L, dispensed into a microplate in a volume of 50 ⁇ L (48 wells / dose), and statically cultured at 37 ° C. for 3 days.
- Test Example 8 hERG Test
- HEK293 cells expressing human ether-a-go-related gene (hERG) channels were used in the ventricular repolarization process.
- I Kr delayed rectifier K + current
- Test Example 9 Solubility test The solubility of the compound (V) was determined under the condition of addition of 1% DMSO. Prepare a 10 mmol / L compound solution in DMSO, and add 2 ⁇ L of the compound (V) solution to JP-1 solution (2.0 g of sodium chloride and 7.0 mL of hydrochloric acid to make 1000 mL), JP-2 solution (1 volume of water is added to 1 volume of a solution obtained by dissolving 3.40 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 3.55 g of anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate in water to 1000 mL) and adding to 198 ⁇ L. After shaking at room temperature for 1 hour, the mixture was filtered.
- JP-1 solution 2.0 g of sodium chloride and 7.0 mL of hydrochloric acid to make 1000 mL
- JP-2 solution (1 volume of water is added to 1 volume of a solution obtained by dissolving 3.40 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 3.55 g of anhydrous disodium
- Test Example 10 Powder solubility test An appropriate amount of compound (V) was placed in an appropriate container, and JP-1 solution (2.0 g of sodium chloride, water added to 7.0 mL of hydrochloric acid to make 1000 mL) was added to each container. JP-2 Solution (500 mL of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer was added with 500 mL of water), 20 mmol / L sodium taurocholate (TCA) / JP-2 solution (JP-2 solution was added to 1.08 g of TCA to make 100 mL). 200 ⁇ L each was added. When the entire amount was dissolved after the addition of the test solution, the compound (V) was appropriately added. The mixture was sealed and shaken at 37 ° C.
- JP-1 solution 2.0 g of sodium chloride, water added to 7.0 mL of hydrochloric acid to make 1000 mL
- JP-2 Solution 500 mL of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer was added with 500 mL of water
- Test Example 11 Ames Test Ames test was performed using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA as test strains under non-metabolic activation conditions and metabolic activation conditions by the preincubation method. It was carried out and the presence or absence of gene mutagenicity of the compound according to compound (V) was examined. (result) Compound (V): ( ⁇ )
- Test Example 12 Photohemolysis test Compound (V) was dissolved at a desired concentration, and 0.1 to 0.0008% concentration of erythrocyte suspension (2.5 v / v%) prepared from sheep defibrinated blood on a microplate. And UV irradiation (10 J / cm 2 , 290 to 400 nm) in the UVA and UVB regions using an ultraviolet fluorescent lamp (GL20SE lamp, Sankyo Electric and FL20S-BLB lamp, Panasonic). The mixed solution after light irradiation was collected and centrifuged. The supernatant after centrifugation was collected and transferred to a microplate, and then the absorbance (540 or 630 nm) of the supernatant was measured and a determination was made based on the absorbance.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show the changes in plasma concentrations of compound (V) and compound (VI) after oral administration to rats in a non-fasted state for compound (VI) obtained by prodrugizing compound (V). Results are shown. In addition, since the concentration of compound (VI) in the whole plasma sample was not more than the lower limit of quantification, compound (VI), which is a prodrug of compound (V), was rapidly obtained in vivo after administration. (See FIG. 8).
- the prodrug compound was absorbed into the body after oral administration and quickly converted into the parent compound in blood. Therefore, the compound represented by the formula (V) or (VI) can be a medicament useful as a therapeutic and / or prophylactic agent for symptoms and / or diseases induced by infection with influenza virus.
- the compound and the production method according to the present invention are useful as an intermediate for producing a compound useful as a therapeutic and / or preventive agent for symptoms and / or diseases induced by infection with influenza virus.
- the compound represented by the formula (V) and the compound represented by (VI) can be produced efficiently.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2および3の実施例165には、ピリドン誘導体を用いた多環性ピリドン誘導体の製造方法が記載されている。
特許文献2の実施例175には、置換された3環性ピリドン誘導体とベンズヒドリル誘導体とをカップリングさせる工程が記載されている。この製造方法では、3環性ピリドン誘導体の保護基を交換する工程については記載も示唆もされていない。
特許文献2の実施例583および584には、置換された3環性ピリドン誘導体とチエピン誘導体とをカップリングさせる工程が記載されている。この製造方法では、3環性ピリドン誘導体の保護基を交換させる工程や光学純度が低下することについては記載も示唆もされていない。
本発明の目的は、本明細書中、式(V)または(VI)で示されるキャップ依存的エンドヌクレアーゼ阻害活性を有する置換された多環性ピリドン誘導体および式(II)または(IV)で示されるその中間体の新規で有用な製造方法を提供することである。
ベンジル基など非置換アルキル以外の保護基からヘキシル基に交換することにより、光学純度を低下させることなく、光学活性な置換3環性ピリドン誘導体とチエピン誘導体とのカップリング反応を進行させる製造方法を見出した。
すなわち、本発明は、以下に関する。
(1)式(I):
(式中、R1は水素、または非置換アルキル以外の保護基である。)
で示される化合物を、ナトリウム塩および/またはマグネシウム塩存在下、
式:R2-OH
(式中、R2は非置換アルキルである。)
で示される化合物と反応させることを特徴とする、式(II):
(式中、R2は上記と同意義である。)
で示される化合物の製造方法。
(2)マグネシウム塩存在下で反応させることを特徴とする、上記(1)記載の製造方法。
(3)塩化イソプロピルマグネシウム存在下で反応させることを特徴とする、上記(1)記載の製造方法。
(4)R1がベンジルである、上記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
(5)R2がヘキシルである、上記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
(6)式(II’):
で示される化合物と
式(III):
(式中、R3、R4、R5およびR6は、それぞれ独立して、水素またはハロゲンであり、R3、R4、R5およびR6のハロゲンの数は、1または2である)
で示される化合物を反応させることを特徴とする、式(IV):
で示される化合物の製造方法。
(7)R3が水素であり、
R4が水素であり、
R5がフッ素であり、かつ
R6がフッ素である、上記(6)記載の製造方法。
(8)上記(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の製造方法を含有する、式(V)または式(VI):
で示される化合物の製造方法。
(9)式(II’):
で示される化合物、またはその塩。
(10)トシル酸塩である、上記(9)記載の化合物の塩。
(11)上記(10)記載の塩の結晶。
(12)粉末X線回折の2θの値が、5.9±0.2°、8.4±0.2°、11.6±0.2°、12.7±0.2°、13.1±0.2°、15.7±0.2°から選択される2つ以上の2θを有する、上記(11)記載の結晶。
(13)粉末X線回折の2θの値が、5.9±0.2°、8.4±0.2°、11.6±0.2°、12.7±0.2°、13.1±0.2°、15.7±0.2°の2θを有する、上記(11)記載の結晶。
(14)図4に実質的に一致する粉末X線回折スペクトルにより特徴付けられる、上記(11)記載の結晶。
(15)式(IV’):
で示される化合物、またはその塩。
(16)塩がメシル酸塩である、上記(15)記載の化合物の塩。
(17)上記(16)記載の塩の結晶。
(18)粉末X線回折の2θの値が、7.1±0.2°、9.3±0.2°、12.6±0.2°、14.1±0.2°、17.7±0.2°、18.7±0.2°、19.2±0.2°、22.2±0.2°、25.4±0.2°、27.7±0.2°、28.5±0.2°、37.8±0.2°から選択される2つ以上の2θを有する、上記(17)記載の結晶。
(19)粉末X線回折の2θの値が、7.1±0.2°、9.3±0.2°、12.6±0.2°、14.1±0.2°、17.7±0.2°、18.7±0.2°、19.2±0.2°、22.2±0.2°、25.4±0.2°、27.7±0.2°、28.5±0.2°、37.8±0.2°の2θを有する、上記(17)記載の結晶。
(20)示差走査熱量測定において、融点が219℃±2℃である、上記(17)記載の結晶。
(21)図5に実質的に一致する粉末X線回折スペクトルにより特徴付けられる、上記(17)記載の結晶。
(22)式(VII):
で示される化合物、またはその塩。
(23)上記(22)記載の化合物の1水和物。
(24)粉末X線回折の2θの値が5.4±0.2°、7.5±0.2°、8.4±0.2°、10.6±0.2°、11.9±0.2°、13.5±0.2°、20.2±0.2°および22.9±0.2°から選択される2つ以上の2θを有する、上記(23)記載の1水和物。
(25)粉末X線回折の2θの値が5.4±0.2°、7.5±0.2°、8.4±0.2°、10.6±0.2°、11.9±0.2°、13.5±0.2°、20.2±0.2°および22.9±0.2°の2θを有する、上記(23)記載の1水和物。
(26)図1に実質的に一致する粉末X線回折スペクトルにより特徴付けられる、上記(23)記載の1水和物。
(27)式(VIII):
で示される化合物の溶媒和物。
(28)上記式(VIII)で示される化合物の1/2水和物。
(29)粉末X線回折の2θの値が、9.5±0.2°、13.4±0.2°、18.0±0.2°、19.3±0.2°、21.2±0.2°、22.5±0.2°、22.8±0.2°、23.6±0.2°、27.5±0.2°、28.1±0.2°から選択される2つ以上の2θを有する、上記(28)記載の1/2水和物。
(30)粉末X線回折の2θの値が、9.5±0.2°、13.4±0.2°、18.0±0.2°、19.3±0.2°、21.2±0.2°、22.5±0.2°、22.8±0.2°、23.6±0.2°、27.5±0.2°、28.1±0.2°の2θを有する、上記(28)記載の1/2水和物。
(31)図2に実質的に一致する粉末X線回折スペクトルにより特徴付けられる、上記(28)記載の1/2水和物。
(32)式(IX):
で示される化合物、その塩またはそれらの溶媒和物。
(33)上記式(IX)で示される化合物の結晶。
(34)粉末X線回折の2θの値が、7.1±0.2°、14.1±0.2°、15.1±0.2°、21.0±0.2°、21.2±0.2°、22.9±0.2°、23.4±0.2°から選択される2つ以上の2θを有する、上記(33)記載の結晶。
(35)粉末X線回折の2θの値が、7.1±0.2°、14.1±0.2°、15.1±0.2°、21.0±0.2°、21.2±0.2°、22.9±0.2°、23.4±0.2°の2θを有する、上記(33)記載の結晶。
(36)図3に実質的に一致する粉末X線回折スペクトルにより特徴付けられる、上記(33)記載の結晶。
(37)式(V):
で示される化合物またはその製薬上許容される塩の、結晶。
(38)粉末X線回折の2θの値が、9.6±0.2°、10.9±0.2°、17.8±0.2°、21.5±0.2°、22.1±0.2°、23.5±0.2°および24.8±0.2°から選択される2つ以上の2θを有する、上記(37)記載の化合物の結晶。
(39)粉末X線回折の2θの値が、9.6±0.2°、10.9±0.2°、17.8±0.2°、21.5±0.2°、22.1±0.2°、23.5±0.2°および24.8±0.2°の2θを有する、上記(37)記載の化合物の結晶。
(40)図6に実質的に一致する粉末X線回折スペクトルにより特徴付けられる、上記(37)記載の化合物の結晶。
「からなる」という用語は、構成要件のみを有することを意味する。
「含む」という用語は、構成要件に限定されず、記載されていない要素を排除しないことを意味する。
「ハロゲン」とは、フッ素、塩素、臭素およびヨウ素を包含する。フッ素および塩素が好ましく、特にフッ素が好ましい。
R1における非置換アルキル以外の保護基としては、ベンジルが挙げられる。
R2における非置換アルキルとしては、メチル、エチル、n-プロピル、イソプロピル、n-ブチル、イソブチル、sec-ブチル、tert-ブチル、n-ペンチル、イソペンチル、ネオペンチル、ヘキシル、イソヘキシルが挙げられ、n-プロピル、イソブチル、ヘキシル等が好ましく、ヘキシルが特に好ましい。
R1としては、水素、または非置換アルキル以外の保護基が挙げられる。
R1の好ましい態様としては、非置換アルキル以外の保護基が好ましく、ベンジルが特に好ましい。
R2としては、非置換アルキルが挙げられる。
R2の好ましい態様としては、メチル、エチル、n-プロピル、イソプロピル、n-ブチル、イソブチル、sec-ブチル、tert-ブチル、n-ペンチル、イソペンチル、ネオペンチル、ヘキシル、イソヘキシル等が挙げられ、n-プロピル、イソブチル、ヘキシル等が好ましく、ヘキシルが特に好ましい。
「ナトリウム塩および/またはマグネシウム塩」の好ましい態様としては、「マグネシウム塩」が好ましく、イソプロピルマグネシウムクロリド、シクロヘキシルマグネシウムクロリド等がさらに好ましく、イソプロピルマグネシウムクロリドが特に好ましい。
R3、R4、R5およびR6としては、それぞれ独立して、水素またはハロゲンが挙げられ、R3、R4、R5およびR6のハロゲンの数は、1または2である。
R3の好ましい態様としては、水素が挙げられる。
R4の好ましい態様としては、水素が挙げられる。
R5の好ましい態様としては、フッ素が挙げられる。
R6の好ましい態様としては、フッ素が挙げられる。
本明細書中、「R3、R4、R5およびR6のハロゲンの数は、1または2である」とは、R3、R4、R5およびR6のうちの1つまたは2つがハロゲンであることを意味する。
式(V)で示される化合物の製薬上許容される塩としては、特にアルカリ金属(例えば、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム等)、アルカリ土類金属(例えば、カルシウム、バリウム等)、マグネシウム、遷移金属(例えば、亜鉛、鉄等)が好ましく、さらにはアルカリ金属(例えば、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム等)、アルカリ土類金属(例えば、カルシウム、バリウム等)が好ましい。
特に言及がなければ、本明細書中および特許請求の範囲記載の数値は、おおよその値である。数値の変動は、装置キャリブレーション、装置エラー、物質の純度、結晶サイズ、サンプルサイズ、その他の因子に起因する。
中でも粉末X線回折(XRPD)は、固体の結晶性を測定するための最も感度の良い分析法のうちの1つである。X線が結晶に照射されると、結晶格子面で反射し、互いに干渉しあい、ブラッグ則よって予測される条件を満たす方向の回折線のみ強度が増大し、それ以外は打ち消しあって観測されない。一方、非晶質固体については広範囲の秩序だった回折線は認められない。非晶質固体は、通常、反復する結晶格子の広い範囲の秩序が不存在であるため、ハローパターンと呼ばれるブロードなXRPDパターンを示す。
DSC(示差走査熱量測定)
DSCは、熱分析の主要な測定方法のひとつで、原子・分子の集合体としての物質の熱的性質を測定する方法である。DSCにより、医薬活性成分の温度又は時間に係る熱量の変化を測定し、得られたデータを温度又は時間に対してプロットすることにより示差走査熱量曲線が得られる。示差走査熱量曲線より、医薬活性成分が融解する際のオンセット温度、融解に伴う吸熱ピーク曲線の最大値ならびにエンタルピーに関する情報を得ることができる。
本発明の化合物の一般的製造法を以下に例示する。また、抽出、精製などは、通常の有機化学の実験で行う処理を行えばよい。
本発明の化合物の合成は、当該分野において公知の手法を参酌しながら実施することができる。
本発明の化合物の塩を取得したいとき、本発明の化合物が塩の形で得られる場合には、そのまま精製すればよく、また、遊離の形で得られる場合には、適当な有機溶媒に溶解もしくは懸濁させ、酸又は塩基を加えて通常の方法により塩を形成させればよい。
また、本発明の化合物及びその製薬上許容される塩は、水あるいは各種溶媒との付加物(水和物ないし溶媒和物)の形で存在することもあるが、これら付加物も本発明に包含される。
第1工程
(式中、R1は水素、または非置換アルキル以外の保護基であり、R2は非置換アルキルである。)
式(I)で示される化合物をナトリウム塩および/またはマグネシウム塩存在下、式:R2-OHで示されるアルコールと反応させることにより式(II)で示される化合物を得る工程である。
溶媒としては、上記工程を効率よく進行させるものであれば特に制限されない。ジクロロメタン、トルエン、テトラヒドロフラン等が挙げられ、単独もしくは混合、または無溶媒下で反応させることができる。好ましくは、テトラヒドロフランが挙げられる。
ナトリウム塩および/またはマグネシウム塩としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水素化ナトリウム、ナトリウムイソプロポキシド、ナトリウムtert-ペントキシド、塩化イソプロピルマグネシウム,塩化シクロヘキシルマグネシウム等が挙げられる。好ましくは、塩化イソプロピルマグネシウムが挙げられる。化合物(I)に対して0.1モル当量~5モル当量、好ましくは0.3モル当量~0.5モル当量用いて反応させればよい。
反応温度は、特に制限されないが通常、約0~100℃、好ましくは、0℃~室温で行うことができる。
反応時間は、特に制限されないが通常、0.5時間~24時間、好ましくは、1~10時間である。
式(II’)で示される化合物を、縮合剤存在下、式(III)で示される化合物と反応させることにより、式(IV)で示される化合物を得る工程である。
溶媒としては、上記工程を効率よく進行させるものであれば特に制限されない。酢酸エチル、シクロヘキサン、酢酸イソプロピル、酢酸プロピル、トルエン、1,4-ジオキサン、DMA、DMF、トルエン、ヘプタン、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル等が挙げられ、単独または混合して用いることができる。好ましくは、酢酸エチルとシクロヘキサンの混合溶媒が挙げられる。
縮合剤としては、プロピルホスホン酸無水物、メタンスルホン酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物、10-カンファ―スルホン酸、濃硫酸、ジクロロ酢酸、硫酸水素テトラメチルアンモニウム等が挙げられ、単独または混合して用いることができる。好ましくは、プロピルホスホン酸無水物とメタンスルホン酸の混合が挙げられる。化合物(II’)に対して1モル当量~5モル当量、好ましくは1モル当量~3モル当量用いて反応させればよい。
反応温度は、特に制限されないが通常、約0~100℃、好ましくは、0℃~室温で行うことができる。
反応時間は、特に制限されないが通常、0.5時間~24時間、好ましくは、1~10時間である。
(式中の記号は上記と同意義である。)
式(IV)で示される化合物を、金属塩と反応させることにより、式(IV’’)で示される化合物を得る工程である。
溶媒としては、上記工程を効率よく進行させるものであれば特に制限されない。N-メチルピロリドン、N, N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N, N-ジメチルアセトアミド等が挙げられ、単独または混合して用いることができる。好ましくは、N-メチルピロリドンが挙げられる。
金属塩としてはとしては、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウムが挙げられる。好ましくは、塩化リチウムが挙げられる。化合物(IV)に対して、1モル当量~20モル当量、好ましくは5モル当量~10モル当量用いて反応させればよい。
反応温度は、特に制限されないが通常、約0~100℃、好ましくは、室温~100℃で行うことができる。
反応時間は、特に制限されないが通常、0.5時間~48時間、好ましくは、12~24時間である。
(式中、Prはエステル基またはエーテル基等のヒドロキシ基の保護基であり、その他の記号は上記と同意義である。)
化合物(IV’’)のヒドロキシル基をエステル基またはエーテル基に変換する一般的な方法によって化合物(V’’’)を得ることができる。
例えば、Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Theodora W Green(John Wiley & Sons)、Prog.Med.5:2157-2161(1985)、およびSupplied by The British Library‐“The world's Knowledge”等に記載の方法を利用することができる。
本明細書において「ジアステレオマー比」とは、例えば、次式で示される化合物の場合、下記に示す2つの立体異性体のHPLC面積百分率比を示す。
式(VI)で示される化合物は、経口吸収性が高い、良好なバイオアベイラビリティーを示す、良好なクリアランスを示す、肺移行性が高いなどの利点を有するため、優れた医薬品となりうる。
式(V)で示される化合物は、ウイルス特異的な酵素であるキャップ構造依存的エンドヌクレアーゼに対する阻害活性が高く、選択性が高いなどの効果を有するため、副作用が軽減された医薬品となりうる。
さらに、式(V)で示される化合物および/又は式(VI)で示される化合物は、代謝安定性が高い、溶解度が高い、経口吸収性が高い、良好なバイオアベイラビリティーを示す、良好なクリアランスを示す、肺移行性が高い、半減期が長い、非タンパク結合率が高い、hERGチャネル阻害が低い、CYP阻害が低い、CPE(CytoPathic Effect、細胞変性効果)抑制効果が認められ、及び/又は光毒性試験、Ames試験、遺伝毒性試験で陰性を示す、もしくは肝障害などの毒性を有さない等の利点も有する。したがって、式(V)で示される化合物および/又は式(VI)で示される化合物は、優れた医薬品となりうる。
式(V)で示される化合物および/又は式(VI)で示される化合物の投与量は、投与方法、患者の年齢、体重、状態及び疾患の種類によっても異なるが、通常、経口投与の場合、成人1日あたり約0.05mg~3000mg、好ましくは、約0.1mg~1000mgを、要すれば分割して投与すればよい。また、非経口投与の場合、成人1日あたり約0.01mg~1000mg、好ましくは、約0.05mg~500mgを投与する。
日本薬局方の一般試験法に記載された粉末X線回折測定法に従い、各実施例で得られた結晶の粉末X線回折測定を行った。測定条件を以下に示す。
リガク社製MinFlex600RINT-TTRIII
(操作方法)
検出器:高速一次元検出器(D/TecUltra2)および可変ナイフエッジ
測定法:反射法
光源の種類:Cu管球
使用波長:CuKα線
管電流:10mA、または15mA
管電圧:30Kv、または40Kv
試料プレート:アルミニウム、またはガラス
X線の入射角(θ):3-40°、サンプリング幅:0.01°、または
X線の入射角(θ):4-40°、サンプリング幅:0.02°
一般に、粉末X線回折における回折角度(2θ)は±0.2°の範囲内で誤差が生じ得るので、回折角度の値は±0.2°程度の範囲内の数値も含む。したがって、粉末X線回折におけるピークの回折角度が完全に一致する結晶だけでなく、ピークの回折角度が±0.2°程度の誤差で一致する結晶も本発明に含まれる。
水分については,日本薬局方 一般試験法 水分(電量滴定)より試験を行った。ただし、陽極液として三菱化学製アクアミクロン(登録商標)AX,陰極液としてアクアミクロン(登録商標)CXUを用いた。
一般に、カール・フィッシャー法による水分測定は±0.3%の範囲内で誤差が生じ得るので、水分含量の値は±0.3%程度の範囲内の数値も含む。
各実施例で得られた結晶のTG/DTAの測定を行った。アルミニウムパンに試料を量り、開放系にて測定した。測定条件を以下に示す。
装置:日立ハイテクサイエンス社製TG/DTA7200
測定温度範囲:30℃-250℃
昇温速度:10℃/分
一般に、TG/DTAによる測定は±2℃の範囲内で誤差が生じ得るので、TG/DTAによる測定値は±2℃程度の範囲内の数値も含む。
各実施例で得られた結晶の水分吸脱着等温線測定を行った。サンプルパンに試料を量り取り測定を行った。測定条件を以下に示す。
装置:Surface Measurement Systems Ltd.社製 DVS Advantage
測定ポイント:0%RHから5%ごとに95%RHまで.その後95%RHから5%ごとに0%RHまで
温度:25℃または60℃
各実施例で得られた結晶のDSCの測定を行った。ステンレススチールパンに試料を量り、簡易密封して測定した。測定条件を以下に示す。
装置:METTLER TOLEDO DSC822e
測定温度範囲:30℃-300℃
昇温速度:10℃/分
雰囲気:N2 40mL/分
一般に、示差走査熱量(DSC)による測定は±2℃の範囲内で誤差が生じ得るので、示差走査熱量(DSC)による測定値は±2℃程度の範囲内の数値も含む。
実施例中の各用語の意味は以下のとおりである。
DMA:N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
T3P:プロピルホスホン酸無水物 (環状トリマー)
工程1 化合物3の製造方法
化合物1(100.00g, 406 mmol)にDMA(300mL)を加えて撹拌した。炭酸水素ナトリウム(44.41 g, 529 mmol)、ジメチル硫酸(58.91 g, 467 mmol)およびDMA(100mL)を加えて25℃で7時間撹拌した。反応液に合成塩酸(16.90 g)および水(500 g)を加え、酢酸エチル(1000,550mL)で2回抽出した。有機層を5%食塩水(300g)および水(300g)で洗浄した。減圧濃縮により、液重量を約500gまで溶媒を留去した。さらに濃縮液に酢酸エチル(350mL)を加え、減圧濃縮により、液重量を約500gまで溶媒を留去した。濃縮液にDMA(300mL)を加え、減圧濃縮により液重量を約400gまで溶媒を留去した。濃縮液にピリジンパラトルエンスルホン酸(265.42g)およびDMA(100mL)を加えた後、反応液を60℃に昇温した.その後、反応液にカルバジン酸tert-ブチル(69.80 g, 528 mmol)のDMA(100mL)溶液を6時間かけてゆっくりと加えた。反応液を60℃で3時間撹拌し、25℃まで冷却した。反応液にエタノール(100mL)および水(290 mL)を加えた後、30℃まで昇温した。反応液にエタノール(100mL)および水(520mL)の混合液をゆっくりと加えた。反応液を0℃まで冷却した後に、0℃で1時間半撹拌した。生じた淡黄白色沈殿をろ取した。得られた固体をエタノール(480mL)および水(720mL)の混合液で洗浄し、乾燥することにより、化合物3の1水和物(122.70g、収率77%)を淡黄白色固体として得た。
1H-NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:1.45 (s, 9H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 6.39 (d, J = 7.6Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.47 (m, 6H), 7.64-8.23 (br s, 1H)
粉末X線回折2θ(°):5.4、7.5、8.4、10.6、11.9、13.5、20.2、22.9
化合物3の粉末X線回折結果を図1に示す。
カールフィッシャー法による水分量の測定結果:4.5%
化合物4(20.00g、104.6mmol)に化合物5(28.29g,167.4mmol )およびDMA(65mL)を加えて撹拌した。反応液を40℃まで昇温した後、ナトリウムtert-ブトキシド(15.09g、 157.0mmol)をゆっくりと加えた。反応液を40℃で3時間撹拌した後、20℃に冷却した。反応液に酢酸(3.14g)および10%食塩水(64g)を加え、酢酸エチル(60mL)で2回抽出した。有機層に水(144mL)を加えて0℃まで冷却した。生じた淡黄白色沈殿をろ取した。得られた固体をメタノール(5.4g)および水(48.6g)の混合液で洗浄し、乾燥することにより、化合物6(20.44g、収率78%)を淡黄白色固体として得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.34 (s, 6H), 3.53 (d, J = 5.2Hz,2H), 3.76 (t, J = 5.6Hz, 2H), 3.90 (t, J = 5.6Hz, 2H), 4.43 (t, J = 5.2Hz, 1H), 7.70-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.87 (m, 2H)
化合物6(20.02 g, 71.68 mmol)にエタノール(20mL)および水(20mL)を加えて撹拌した。反応液を60℃まで昇温した。反応液に60%ヒドラジン一水和物水溶液(8.99 g、 107.7 mmol)を加えた後、60℃で4時間撹拌した。反応液に水(40mL)を加え、30℃まで冷却した後、17%水酸化カリウム水溶液(92.12 g)を加えた。反応液を塩化メチレン(120, 78, 78, 78 mL)で4回抽出した。有機層を水(20mL)で洗浄し、減圧濃縮により液重量を約160gまで溶媒を留去した。濃縮液にTHF(100mL)を加え、減圧濃縮により液重量を約40gまで溶媒を留去した。濃縮液にTHF(100mL)を加え、減圧濃縮により液重量を約40gまで溶媒を留去した。濃縮液にTHF(20mL)を加え,減圧濃縮により15gの化合物7のTHF溶液を得た。
化合物3(10.00g、 25.5mmol)に上記の化合物7のTHF溶液(14.71g)、THF(7g)および1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]-7-ウンデセン(379.0mg)を加えて撹拌した。反応を60℃まで昇温した後、60℃で24時間撹拌した。反応液を25℃まで冷却した後、水(28g)および酢酸(3.72g)を加えた。反応液を酢酸エチル(50,30mL)で2回抽出し、有機層を5%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(30g)および水(28g)で洗浄した。減圧濃縮により液重量を約36gまで溶媒を留去した。反応液に酢酸エチルを加え、減圧濃縮により液重量を約36gまで溶媒を留去した。濃縮液にヘプタン(65mL)を加え、5℃まで冷却した。5℃で1時間撹拌した後、生じた淡黄白色沈殿をろ取した。得られた固体をヘプタン(32mL)および酢酸エチル(14mL)の混合液で洗浄し、乾燥することにより、化合物8(10.10g、収率81%)を淡黄白色固体として得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.44 (s, 9H), 3.32-3.48 (m, 12H), 4.41 (t, J = 5.2Hz, 1H), 5.29 (s, 2H), 6.38 (d, J = 7.6Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.50 (m, 7H), 8.46 (s, 1H).
化合物8(19.99g, 40.7mmol)にアセトニトリル(170mL)および水(30mL)を加えて撹拌した。反応液を60℃まで昇温し、メタンスルホン酸(11.70g, 121.7mmol)をゆっくりと加えた。反応液を60℃で6時間撹拌した後、25℃まで冷却した。反応液に30%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(15.91g)を加え、減圧濃縮により液重量を約100gまで溶媒を留去した。濃縮液に水(50mL)を加えて減圧濃縮により液重量を約100gまで溶媒を留去した。濃縮液を25℃で30分間撹拌した後、生じた黄色沈殿をろ取した。得られた固体を水(40mL)で洗浄し,乾燥することにより、化合物9の0.5水和物(10.43g、収率76%)を黄色結晶として得た.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ:2.95 (ddd, J = 13.7, 12.3, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 3.13 (dd, J = 11.2, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.44 (td, J = 11.9, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 3.96-4.08 (m, 2H), 4.14 (dd, J = 13.9, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (ddd, J = 12.6, 9.9, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 6.22 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.41 (m, 4H), 7.52-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.69 (d, J = 7.6 Hz , 1H)
粉末X線回折2θ(°):9.5、13.4、18.0、19.3、21.2、22.5、22.8、23.6、27.5、28.1
化合物9 の粉末X線回折結果を図2に示す。
カールフィッシャー法による水分量の測定結果:2.8%
化合物9の0.5水和物(30.00g, 89.2mmol)に酢酸エチル(87mL)、50(w/w)%T3P酢酸エチル溶液(145.80g, 229.1mmol)を加えて撹拌した。反応液を60℃まで昇温し、トリエチルアミン(18.55g, 183.3mmol)を加えた後、(R)-(+)-テトラヒドロフラン-2-カルボン酸(12.24g, 105.4mmol)をゆっくりと加えた。反応液を60℃で4時間半撹拌し、0℃まで冷却した後、生じた淡黄色沈殿をろ取した。得られた固体を酢酸エチル(120mL)で洗浄することにより、化合物11(18.34g、未乾燥)を淡黄色固体として得た。また、ろ液と洗液を混合して、化合物12の酢酸エチル溶液(358.60g)を得た。
化合物11(15.28g)に酢酸エチル(120mL)および1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]-7-ウンデセン(530mg, 3.5mmol)を加えて撹拌した。反応液を30℃まで昇温し、メタノール(1.67g)および酢酸エチル(43mL)の混合液をゆっくりと加えた。反応液を室温で1時間撹拌し、生じた白色沈殿をろ取した。得られた結晶を酢酸エチル(60mL)で洗浄し、乾燥することにより、化合物13(11.06g、収率45%)の白色結晶を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.84-2.92 (m, 2H), 3.45 (td, J = 3.2Hz, 12.0Hz, 1H), 3.82 (dd, J = 4.0Hz, 11.2Hz, 1H), 3.92 (dd, J = 4.4Hz, 11.6Hz, 1H), 4.13 (dd, J = 2.8Hz, 13.6Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.54 (m, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 9.6Hz, 1H), 5.27 (d, J = 10.0Hz, 1H), 5.76 (d, J = 13.2Hz, 1H), 6.19 (d, J = 7.6Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.0Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.38 (m, 3H), 7.59 (dd, J = 1.6Hz, 8.0Hz, 2H).
粉末X線回折2θ(°):7.1、14.1、15.1、21.0、21.2、22.9、23.4
化合物13の粉末X線回折結果を図3に示す。
工程1 化合物15の製造方法
THF(25mL)にジイソプロピルアミン(7.69g, 76.0mmol)を加えて撹拌し、-40℃まで冷却した。反応液に1.6mol/L n-ブチルリチウム(43.5mL, 69.6 mmol)をゆっくりと加えた後、0℃にて1時間撹拌した。-40℃に冷却し,3,4-ジフロオロ安息香酸(5.00g, 31.6mmol)のTHF(25mL)溶液をゆっくりと加えた。反応液を-40℃にて1時間撹拌し、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(5.74g, 78.5mmol)をゆっくりと加えた。反応液に6mol/L 塩酸水(34.25mL)を加え、25℃まで昇温した後、有機層と水層に分離した。得られた水層を酢酸エチル(15mL)で抽出した。有機層を合わせた後、水(5mL)で洗浄した。減圧濃縮した後、残渣にトルエンを加えることにより、化合物15のトルエン溶液を得た。
上で得た化合物15のトルエン溶液に、トルエン(17.8mL)、チオフェノール(3.90g, 35.4mmol)およびD-カンファースルホン酸(1.16g, 5.0mmol)を加えて撹拌し、60℃に昇温した。反応液を60℃で4時間撹拌した後、5℃まで冷却した。反応液に2mol/L水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(10mL)を加え、25℃まで昇温した。反応液をトルエン(10mL)で抽出し、得られた有機層を2mol/L水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(5mL)および水(10mL)で洗浄した。減圧濃縮した後、トルエンを加えることにより、化合物16のトルエン溶液を得た。
塩化アルミニウム(5.52g, 41.4mmol)にトルエン(25mL)を加えて撹拌し、0℃まで冷却した。反応液に1,1,3,3-テトラメチルジシロキサン(5.56g, 41.4mmol)のトルエン(10mL)溶液を滴下し、25℃まで昇温した。反応液に上で得た化合物16のトルエン溶液をゆっくりと加え、25℃で2時間半撹拌した。反応液に15%硫酸水(35mL)を加えて撹拌した後、有機層と水層に分離した。得られた有機層を水(20mL)で2回洗浄した。減圧濃縮により、液重量を約16gまで溶媒を留去した。濃縮液にヘプタン(40mL)をゆっくりと加え、0℃まで冷却した後、生じた白色沈殿をろ取した。得られた固体をヘプタン(20mL)で洗浄した後、乾燥することにより、化合物17(7.20g、収率81.3%)を白色固体として得た.
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:4.61 (d, J = 1.6Hz, 2H), 7.09-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.34-7.37 (m, 2H) , 7.84-7.88 (m, 1H)
ポリリン酸(425.0g)を80℃に昇温して撹拌した。そこへ化合物17(85.0g)を加えて120℃まで昇温し、反応液を120℃で3時間撹拌した。反応液を80℃まで冷却し、水(200mL)をゆっくりと加えた。反応液を30℃まで冷却し、水(850mL)を加え、酢酸エチル(850mL)で抽出した。有機層を水(425mL)および10%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(255mL)で洗浄した。溶媒を減圧濃縮により留去し、得られた残渣にヘプタン(340mL)を加えた。溶媒を減圧濃縮により留去し、得られた残渣にヘプタン(85mL)を加えた。反応液を30℃で30分間撹拌した後、生じた褐色沈殿をろ取した。得られた固体をヘプタン(42mL)で洗浄した後、乾燥することにより、化合物18(72.0g、収率91%)を褐色固体として得た.
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:4.14 (d, J = 1.0Hz, 2H), 7.09-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.45 (m, 3H) , 8.19 (dd, J = 8.5Hz, 1.4Hz, 1H)
水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(234.0mg, 6.2mmol)を0.5%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(1.8mL)に懸濁させ、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム懸濁液を調製した。化合物18(4.5g,17.2mmol)に2-プロパノール(20mL)および水(2.25mL)を加えて撹拌し、40℃まで昇温した。反応液に上記で調製した水素化ホウ素ナトリウム懸濁液をゆっくりと加えた。反応液を40℃で1時間半撹拌し、25℃まで冷却した。反応液に水(32mL)を加え、更に水(6.7mL)および62%硫酸水(460mg)の混合液を加えた。反応液を5℃まで冷却し、生じた褐色沈殿をろ取した。得られた固体を水(18mL)で洗浄した後、乾燥することにより、化合物19(4.4g、収率97%)を褐色固体として得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.67 (d, J = 3.8Hz, 1H), 4.20 (dd, J = 14.4, 1.4Hz, 2H), 4.68 (dd, J = 14.5, 1.3Hz, 2H), 7.02 (dt, J = 9.7, 8.3Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.21 (m, 4H), 7.44-7.49 (m, 1H)
工程1-1 化合物20の製造方法
1-ヘキサノール(22.5g, 220mmol)とTHF(24.6g)を混合して、20℃に温度を調節した。混合液にイソプロピルマグネシウムクロリドのTHF溶液(2mol/L, 7.2g, 14.7mmol)を加えて、マグネシウムヘキソキシド溶液を調製した。
化合物13(12.0g, 36.7mmol)に1-ヘキサノール(22.5g, 220mmol)を加えて撹拌し、20℃に温度を調節した。得られたスラリー液に上で調製したマグネシウムヘキソキシド溶液を加えた。反応液を20℃にて4時間撹拌した後、クエン酸水溶液(クエン酸1水和物3.1g,水36g)と混合した。THF(10.7g)で抽出し、得られた有機層を水(24g)で洗浄した。減圧濃縮により、液重量を約55gまで溶媒を留去した。得られた液にパラトルエンスルホン酸のTHF溶液(パラトルエンスルホン酸1水和物7.0g,テトラヒドロフラン42.8g)を加えた。減圧濃縮により,液重量を約61gまで溶媒を留去した。THF(42.7g)を加え、減圧濃縮により、液重量を約61gまで溶媒を留去した。50℃まで昇温した後、メチルtert-ブチルエーテル(133.0g)を加え、10℃まで冷却した。10℃にて1時間半撹拌し、生じた白色沈殿をろ取した。メチルtert-ブチルエーテル(40.0g)と酢酸エチル(16.0g)の混合液で、得られた固体を洗浄した後、乾燥することにより、化合物20のトシル酸塩(15.8g、収率87.2%)を白色結晶として得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.88 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.25-1.34 (m, 4H), 1.34-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.85 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 3.04 (ddd, J = 13.6, 11.7, 4.3 Hz, 3H), 3.36 (dd, J = 11.6, 10.0 Hz, 3H), 3.43 (ddd, J = 13.6, 12.0, 4.4 Hz, 3H), 4.00 (dd, J = 11.7, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.06-4.18 (m, 4H), 4.80 (br, s, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (br, s, 1H).
粉末X線回折2θ(°):5.9、8.4、11.6、12.7、13.1、15.7
化合物20の粉末X線回折結果を図4に示す。
上記工程1-1において、イソプロピルマグネシウムクロリドのTHF溶液(0.4eq)の代わりに、シクロヘキシルマグネシウムクロリドのTHF溶液(16.2wt%, 0.4eq)を用いて反応させ、HPLCにより反応液を分析し,化合物20生成率を測定した。
化合物20のHPLC面積百分率:90.9%(RT=11.0min)
その他は、上記工程1-1と同様の方法である。
(測定条件)
(1)カラム:X Select(登録商標)CSH C18 (3.5μm i.d.4.6x100mm)(Waters)
流速:1.0 mL/分;UV検出波長:254nm;
移動相:[A]0.1%ギ酸含有水溶液、[B]アセトニトリル
5分間、15%溶媒[B]を維持し、10分間で15%-60%溶媒[B]のリニアグラジエントを行い、2分間で60%-85%溶媒[B]のリニアグラジエントを行った後、3分間、85%溶媒[B]を維持した。
化合物13(4.91g, 15.0mmol)に1-ヘキサノール(27.5g, 270mmol)を加えて撹拌し、0℃に温度を調節した。得られたスラリー液にナトリウムtert-ペントキシドのTHF溶液 (1.4mol/L, 45.0mmol) を加えた。反応液を0℃にて2.5時間撹拌した後、HPLCにより反応液を分析し,化合物20生成率を測定した。
化合物20のHPLC面積百分率:93.3%(RT=9.5min)
(測定条件)
(1)カラム:CHIRALPAK(登録商標)IB (5.0μm i.d.4.6x250mm)(DAICEL)
流速:1.0 mL/分;UV検出波長:254nm;
移動相:[A]0.1%ギ酸含有水溶液、[B]アセトニトリル
5分間、35%溶媒[B]を維持し、6分間で35%-85%溶媒[B]のリニアグラジエントを行った後、2分間、85%溶媒[B]を維持した。
上記に示すように、マグネシウム塩またはナトリウム塩を用いて反応を行うと良好な収率で反応が進行することが分かった。特にイソプロピルマグネシウムクロリドを用いた場合に高収率で目的物を得ることが出来た。
化合物20(12.0g, 24.3mmol)に化合物19(8.0g, 30.3mmol)、酢酸エチル(48.7g)およびシクロヘキサン(14.1g)を加えて25℃で撹拌した。50(w/w)%T3P酢酸エチル溶液(20.91g, 32.9mmol)を加え、次にメタンスルホン酸(3.5g, 36.4mmol)を加えた。60℃に昇温し、24時間撹拌した。25℃に冷却後、THF(32.0g)および水(24.0g)を加えた。24%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(30.8g)をゆっくりと加え、静置後、有機層と水層に分離した。有機層を7%食塩水(60.0g)で2回洗浄した。得られた溶液にシクロヘキサン(9.3g)、酢酸エチル(32.1g)およびメタンスルホン酸(2.80g, 29.1mmol)の混合溶液を加えた。25℃にて2時間撹拌し、生じた白色沈殿をろ取した。酢酸エチル(43.3g)で、得られた固体を洗浄した後、乾燥することにより、化合物21のメシル酸塩(13.65g、収率84.6%)を白色結晶として得た.
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6)δ: 0.90 (3H, t, J = 6.0 Hz), 1.29-1.36 (4H, m), 1.39-1.49 (2H, m), 1.67-1.79 (2H, m), 2.38 (3H, s), 2.94 (1H, br s), 3.30 (1H, td, J = 11.6, 2.4 Hz), 3.51 (1H, t, J = 10.4 Hz), 3.66 (1H, dd, J = 11.2, 2.8 Hz), 3.92-4.01 (2H, m), 4.07 (1H, d, J = 14.3 Hz), 4.20 (1H, s), 4.42-4.52 (1H, m), 5.43 (1H, dd, J = 14.4, 2.1 Hz), 5.79-5.83 (2H, m), 6.81 (1H, td, J = 7.6, 1.2 Hz), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 1.0 Hz), 7.09 (1H, J = 8.0, 1.6 Hz), 7.12-7.18 (1H, m), 7.32 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.37-7.49 (2H, m)
粉末X線回折2θ(°):7.1、9.3、12.6、14.1、17.7、18.7、19.2、22.2、25.4、27.7、28.5、37.8
化合物21の粉末X線回折結果を図5に示す。
DSC:Onset 216℃, Peak 219℃
化合物21(15.0g, 22.6mmol)にN-メチルピロリドン(52.4g)を加えて撹拌した。塩化リチウム(8.6g, 203.3mmol)を加えて75℃まで昇温した。75℃で20時間撹拌し、その後40℃まで冷却した。アセトニトリル(20.0g)を加え、さらに水(11.6g)を加えた。30℃まで冷却し、30分間撹拌した後、水(142.5g)をゆっくりと加えた。30℃で1時間半撹拌した後、生じた白色沈殿をろ取した。2-プロパノール(60.1g)で得られた固体を洗浄した後、乾燥することにより、化合物(V)(9.91g、収率90.7%)を白色結晶として得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3)δ: 3.00 (td, J = 11.8, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (td, J = 12.0, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (t, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (dd, J = 12.2, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (dd, J = 11.0, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (dd, J = 10.0, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (dd, J = 13.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.26-5.30 (m, 2H), 5.75 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.99-7.04 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.15 (m, 3H).
粉末X線回折2θ(°):9.6、10.9、17.8、21.5、22.1、23.5、24.8
化合物(V)の粉末X線回折結果を図6に示す。
化合物(V)(1.00g、2.07mmol)のDMA(5ml)の懸濁液に、クロロメチルメチルカルボネート(0.483g、3.10mmol)及び炭酸カリウム(0.572g、4.14mmol)、ヨウ化カリウム(0.343g、2.07mmol)を加え、50℃に昇温し6時間攪拌した。さらに反応液に、DMA(1ml)を加え6時間攪拌した。反応液を室温まで冷却し、DMA(6ml)を加え50℃で5分間攪拌し、ろ過した。得られたろ液に、氷冷下、1mol/L塩酸水(10ml)及び水(4ml)を滴下し、1時間攪拌した。析出した固体をろ取し、60℃にて3時間減圧乾燥を行い、化合物(VI)(1.10g、1.93mmol、収率93%)を得た。
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 2.91-2.98 (1H, m), 3.24-3.31 (1H, m), 3.44 (1H, t, J = 10.4 Hz), 3.69 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 2.8 Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.00 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 2.9 Hz), 4.06 (1H, d, J = 14.3 Hz), 4.40 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 4.45 (1H, dd, J = 9.9, 2.9 Hz), 5.42 (1H, dd, J = 14.4, 1.8 Hz), 5.67 (1H, d, J = 6.5 Hz), 5.72-5.75 (3H, m), 6.83-6.87 (1H, m), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 6.9 Hz), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 1.1 Hz), 7.14-7.18 (1H, m), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.37-7.44 (2H, m).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6)δ: 2.91-2.98 (1H, m), 3.24-3.31 (1H, m), 3.44 (1H, t, J = 10.4 Hz), 3.69 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 2.8 Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.00 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 2.9 Hz), 4.06 (1H, d, J = 14.3 Hz), 4.40 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz), 4.45 (1H, dd, J = 9.9, 2.9 Hz), 5.42 (1H, dd, J = 14.4, 1.8 Hz), 5.67 (1H, d, J = 6.5 Hz), 5.72-5.75 (3H, m), 6.83-6.87 (1H, m), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 6.9 Hz), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 1.1 Hz), 7.14-7.18 (1H, m), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.37-7.44 (2H, m).
上記実施例5の工程2に従い、化合物24~32と化合物19を反応させ、HPLCにより反応液を分析し、化合物33~41のジアステレオマー比を測定した。
化合物33a:保持時間6.4min/化合物33b:保持時間6.7min
化合物34a:保持時間8.9min/化合物34b:保持時間9.3min
化合物35a:保持時間9.8min/化合物35b:保持時間10.1min
化合物36a:保持時間10.7min/化合物36b:保持時間11.1min
化合物37a:保持時間12.5min/化合物37b:保持時間12.8min
化合物38a:保持時間13.4min/化合物38b:保持時間13.8min
化合物39a:保持時間8.7min/化合物39b:保持時間9.0min
化合物40a:保持時間9.9min/化合物40b:保持時間10.2min
化合物41a:保持時間10.6min/化合物41b:保持時間11.0min
(測定条件)
カラム:KINETEX (登録商標)(2.6μm C18 i.d.4.6x100mm)(Shimadzu)
流速:1.0 mL/分;UV検出波長:254nm;
移動相:[A]0.1%ギ酸含有水溶液、[B]0.1%ギ酸含有アセトニトリル
25%溶媒[B]より開始し、10分間で25%-70%溶媒[B]のリニアグラジエントを行った後、8分間、70%溶媒[B]を維持した。
1)基質の調製
5’末端のGを2リン酸化修飾、且つ2’位の水酸基をメトキシル化修飾し、5’末端から6番目のUをCy3標識、3’末端をBHQ2標識した30merRNA(5’-pp-[m2’-O]GAA UAU(-Cy3) GCA UCA CUA GUA AGC UUU GCU CUA-BHQ2-3’:日本バイオサービス社製)を購入し、EPICENTRE社製のスクリプトキャップ(ScriptCap)システムを使ってcap構造を付加した(産物はm7G [5’]-ppp-[5’] [m2’-O]GAA UAU(-Cy3) GCA UCA CUA GUA AGC UUU GCU CUA(-BHQ2)-3’)。これを変性ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動法にて分離・精製し、基質として使用した。
2)酵素の調製
RNPは定法に従いウイルス粒子から調製した(参考文献:VIROLOGY(1976) 73, p327-338 OLGA M. ROCHOVANSKY)。具体的にはA/WSN/33ウイルス1x103 PFU/mL、200μLを10日齢発育鶏卵に接種し、37℃で2日間培養後、鶏卵のしょう尿液を回収した。20%スクロースを用いた超遠心分離によりウイルス粒子を精製し、TritonX-100とリソレシチンを用いてウイルス粒子を可溶化後、30-70%グリセロール密度勾配を用いた超遠心分離によりRNP画分(50~70%グリセロール画分)を採取し、酵素液(約1nMのPB1・PB2・PA複合体を含む)として使用した。
3)酵素反応
ポリプロピレン製の384穴プレートに酵素反応液(組成: 53 mM Tris-塩酸塩 (pH7.8)、1mM MgCl2、1.25 mM ジチオスレイトール、80mM NaCl、12.5%グリセロール、酵素液0.15μL)を2.5μL分注した。次にジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)で段階的に希釈した被検化合物溶液0.5μL、ポジティブコントロール(PC)及びネガティブコントロール(NC)には、DMSO 0.5μLを加え、よく混合した。次に基質溶液(1.4nM基質RNA、0.05%Tween20)2μLを加えて反応を開始し、室温で60分間インキュベートした後、反応液1μLを10μL のHi-Di Formamide溶液(サイジングマーカーとしてGeneScan 120 Liz Size Standardを含む:アプライドバイオシステム(ABI)社製。)に加え、反応を停止した。NCは反応開始前にEDTA(4.5mM)を加えることで予め反応を停止させた(表記濃度は全て終濃度である)。
4)阻害率(IC50値)の測定
反応停止させた溶液を85 ℃で5分間加熱し、氷上で2分間急冷後、ABI PRIZM 3730ジェネティックアナライザで分析した。解析ソフトABI Genemapperによりキャップ依存的エンドヌクレアーゼ産物のピークを定量し、PC、NCの蛍光強度をそれぞれ0%阻害、100%阻害として被検化合物のCEN反応阻害率(%)を求めた後、カーブフィッティング ソフトウェア (XLfit2.0:Model 205(IDBS社製)など)を使ってIC50値を求めた。
<材料>
・2% FCS E-MEM(MEM(Minimum Essential Medium)(Invitrogen)にカナマイシン及びFCSを添加して調整)
・0.5% BSA E-MEM(MEM(Minimum Essential Medium)(Invitrogen)にカナマイシン及びBSAを添加して調整)
・HBSS(hanks' Balanced Salt Solution)
・MDBK細胞
2% FCS E-MEMにて適当細胞数(3×105 /mL)に調整した。
・MDCK細胞
HBSSにて2回洗った後、0.5% BSA E-MEMにて適当細胞数(5×105 /mL)に調整した。
・Trypsin溶液
Trypsin from porcine pancreas(SIGMA)をPBS(-)にて溶解し、0.45umのフィルターにてフィルトレーションした。
・EnVision(PerkinElmer)
・WST-8 Kit(キシダ化学)
・10% SDS溶液
・被験試料の希釈、分注
培養液として、MDBK細胞使用時には2% FCS E-MEMを使用し、MDCK細胞使用時には0.5% BSA E-MEMを用いた。以下、ウイルス・細胞・被験試料の希釈に対し、同様の培養液を使用した。
予め被験試料を培養液で適度な濃度に希釈し、96 wellプレートに2~5倍段階希釈系列を作製した(50μL/well)。抗Flu活性測定用、細胞毒性測定用の2枚作製した。各薬剤について3重測定を実施した。
MDCK細胞使用時には、抗Flu活性測定用にのみ、細胞にTrypsinを最終濃度3ug/mLとなるように添加した。
・インフルエンザウイルスの希釈、分注
予め、インフルエンザウイルスを培養液で適当な濃度に希釈し、被験試料が入った96 wellプレートに50μL/wellずつ分注した。細胞毒性測定用のプレートには、培養液を50μL/wellずつ分注した。
・細胞の希釈、分注
適当細胞数に調整した細胞を、被験試料が入った96 wellプレートに100μL/wellずつ分注した。
プレートミキサーで混和し、CO2インキュベーターで培養した。抗Flu活性測定用、細胞毒性測定用共に、3日間培養した。
・WST-8の分注
3日間培養した96 wellプレートを肉眼、顕微鏡下で観察し、細胞の形態・結晶の有無等を確認した。プレートから細胞を吸わないように上清を除いた。
WST-8 Kitを、培養液にて10倍希釈し、このWST-8溶液を各wellに100μLずつ分注した。プレートミキサーにて混和の後、CO2インキュベーターで1~3時間培養した。
抗Flu活性測定用プレートについては、培養後、各wellに10% SDS溶液を10uLずつ分注し、ウイルスを不活化した。
・吸光度の測定
混和した96wellプレートを、EnVisionで450 nm/620 nmの2波長で吸光度を測定した。
次の様な計算式に基づきMicrosoft Excelまたは同等の計算処理能力を有するプログラムを使用し算出した。
・50% インフルエンザ感染細胞死阻害濃度 (EC50)算出
EC50 = 10Z
Z = (50% - High %) / (High % -Low %) x {log(High conc.) - log(Low conc.)} + log(High conc.)
試験例1(CEN IC50):1.93nM、
試験例2(CPE EC50):1.13nM
以上の結果から、式(V)で示される化合物は高いキャップ依存的エンドヌクレアーゼ(CEN)阻害活性、および/または高いCPE抑制効果を示すため、インフルエンザウイルスに感染することより誘発される症状及び/又は疾患の治療及び/又は予防剤として有用な医薬となり得る。
市販のプールドヒト肝ミクロソームを用いて、ヒト主要CYP5分子種(CYP1A2、2C9、2C19、2D6、3A4)の典型的基質代謝反応として7-エトキシレゾルフィンのO-脱エチル化(CYP1A2)、トルブタミドのメチル-水酸化(CYP2C9)、メフェニトインの4’-水酸化(CYP2C19)、デキストロメトルファンのO脱メチル化(CYP2D6)、テルフェナジンの水酸化(CYP3A4)を指標とし、それぞれの代謝物生成量が化合物(V)によって阻害される程度を評価した。
(結果)
化合物(V):5種 >20μmol/L
経口吸収性の検討実験材料と方法
(1)使用動物:マウスあるいはSDラットを使用した。
(2)飼育条件:マウスあるいはSDラットは、固形飼料および滅菌水道水を自由摂取させた。
(3)投与量、群分けの設定:経口投与、静脈内投与を所定の投与量により投与した。以下のように群を設定した。(化合物ごとで投与量は変更有)
経口投与 1~30mg/kg(n=2~3)
静脈内投与 0.5~10mg/kg(n=2~3)
(4)投与液の調製:経口投与は溶液または懸濁液として投与した。静脈内投与は可溶化して投与した。
(5)投与方法:経口投与は、経口ゾンデにより強制的に胃内に投与した。静脈内投与は、注射針を付けたシリンジにより尾静脈から投与した。
(6)評価項目:経時的に採血し、血漿中式(V)および(VI)で示される化合物の化合物濃度をLC/MS/MSを用いて測定した。
(7)統計解析:血漿中式(V)および(VI)で示される化合物の化合物濃度推移について、非線形最小二乗法プログラムWinNonlin(登録商標)を用いて血漿中濃度‐時間曲線下面積(AUC)を算出し、経口投与群と静脈内投与群のAUCから式(V)および(VI)で示される化合物のバイオアベイラビリティ(BA)を算出した。
(結果)
化合物(V):4.2%
化合物(VI):14.9%
以上の結果から、プロドラッグは、親化合物よりもバイオアベイラビリティが向上した。
したがって、式(VI)で示される化合物は、経口吸収性に優れ、インフルエンザウイルスに感染することより誘発される症状及び/又は疾患の治療及び/又は予防剤として有用な医薬となり得る。
市販のプールドヒト肝ミクロソームと化合物(V)を一定時間反応させ、反応サンプルと未反応サンプルの比較により残存率を算出し、化合物(V)が肝で代謝される程度を評価した。
(結果)化合物濃度2μmol/Lでの酸化的代謝における残存率を示す。
化合物(V):90.1%
CYP3A4蛍光MBI試験は、代謝反応による化合物(V)のCYP3A4阻害の増強を調べる試験である。CYP3A4酵素(大腸菌発現酵素)により7-ベンジルオキシトリフルオロメチルクマリン(7-BFC)が脱ベンジル化されて、蛍光を発する代謝物7-ハイドロキシトリフルオロメチルクマリン(7-HFC)が生じる。7-HFC生成反応を指標としてCYP3A4阻害を評価した。
(結果)
化合物(V):(-)
化合物(V)の変異原性を評価した。
凍結保存しているネズミチフス菌(Salmonella typhimurium TA98株、TA100株)20μLを10mL液体栄養培地(2.5% Oxoid nutrient broth No.2)に接種し37℃にて10時間、振盪前培養した。TA98株は9mLの菌液を遠心(2000×g、10分間)して培養液を除去した。9mLのMicro F緩衝液(K2HPO4:3.5g/L、KH2PO4:1g/L、(NH4)2SO4:1g/L、クエン酸三ナトリウム二水和物:0.25g/L、MgSO4・7H20:0.1g/L)に菌を懸濁し、110mLのExposure培地(ビオチン:8μg/mL、ヒスチジン:0.2μg/mL、グルコース:8mg/mLを含むMicroF緩衝液)に添加した。TA100株は3.16mL菌液に対しExposure培地120mLに添加し試験菌液を調製した。化合物(V)のDMSO溶液(最高用量50mg/mLから2~3倍公比で数段階希釈)、陰性対照としてDMSO、陽性対照として非代謝活性化条件ではTA98株に対しては50μg/mLの4-ニトロキノリン-1-オキシドDMSO溶液、TA100株に対しては0.25μg/mLの2-(2-フリル)-3-(5-ニトロ-2-フリル)アクリルアミドDMSO溶液、代謝活性化条件ではTA98株に対して40μg/mLの2-アミノアントラセンDMSO溶液、TA100株に対しては20μg/mLの2-アミノアントラセンDMSO溶液それぞれ12μLと試験菌液588μL(代謝活性化条件では試験菌液498μLとS9 mix 90μLの混合液)を混和し、37℃にて90分間、振盪培養した。化合物(V)を暴露した菌液460μLを、Indicator培地(ビオチン:8μg/mL、ヒスチジン:0.2μg/mL、グルコース:8mg/mL、ブロモクレゾールパープル:37.5μg/mLを含むMicroF緩衝液)2300μLに混和し50μLずつマイクロプレートに分注し(48ウェル/用量)、37℃にて3日間、静置培養した。アミノ酸(ヒスチジン)合成酵素遺伝子の突然変異によって増殖能を獲得した菌を含むウェルは、pH変化により紫色から黄色に変色するため、1用量あたり48ウェル中の黄色に変色した菌増殖ウェルを計数し、陰性対照群と比較して評価した。変異原性が陰性のものを(-)、陽性のものを(+)として示す。
(結果)
化合物(V):(-)
化合物(V)の心電図QT間隔延長リスク評価を目的として、human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG)チャンネルを発現させたHEK293細胞を用いて、心室再分極過程に重要な役割を果たす遅延整流K+電流(IKr)への化合物(V)の作用を検討した。
全自動パッチクランプシステム(PatchXpress 7000A、AxonInstruments Inc.)を用い、ホールセルパッチクランプ法により、細胞を-80mVの膜電位に保持した後、+40mVの脱分極刺激を2秒間、さらに-50mVの再分極刺激を2秒間与えた際に誘発されるIKrを記録した。発生する電流が安定した後、化合物(V)を目的の濃度で溶解させた細胞外液(NaCl:135 mmol/L、KCl:5.4 mmol/L、NaH2PO4:0.3mmol/L、CaCl2・2H2O:1.8mmol/L、MgCl2・6H2O:1mmol/L、グルコース:10mmol/L、HEPES(4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジンエタンスルホン酸):10mmol/L、pH=7.4)を室温で、10分間細胞に適用させた。得られたIKrから、解析ソフト(DataXpress ver.1、Molecular Devices Corporation)を使用して、保持膜電位における電流値を基準に最大テール電流の絶対値を計測した。さらに、化合物(V)適用前の最大テール電流に対する阻害率を算出し、媒体適用群(0.1%ジメチルスルホキシド溶液)と比較して、化合物(V)のIKrへの影響を評価した。
(結果)化合物濃度0.3~10μmol/Lでの阻害率を示す。
化合物(V):7.9%
化合物(V)の溶解度は、1%DMSO添加条件下で決定した。DMSOにて10mmol/L化合物溶液を調製し、化合物(V)の溶液2μLをそれぞれJP-1液(塩化ナトリウム2.0g、塩酸7.0mLに水を加えて1000mLとする)、JP-2液(リン酸二水素カリウム3.40gおよび無水リン酸水素二ナトリウム3.55gを水に溶かし1000mLとしたもの1容量に水1容量を加える)198μLに添加した。室温で1時間振盪させた後、混液を濾過した。各濾液をメタノール/水=1/1(V/V)にて10倍希釈し、絶対検量線法によりLC/MSを用いて濾液中濃度を測定した。
(結果)
化合物(V):42.2μmol/L
適当な容器に化合物(V)を適量入れ、各容器にJP-1液(塩化ナトリウム2.0g、塩酸7.0mLに水を加えて1000mLとした)、JP-2液(pH6.8のリン酸塩緩衝液500mLに水500mLを加えた)、20mmol/L タウロコール酸ナトリウム(TCA)/JP-2液(TCA1.08gにJP-2液を加え100mLとした)を200μLずつ添加した。試験液添加後に全量溶解した場合には、適宜、化合物(V)を追加した。密閉して37℃で1時間振とう後に濾過し、各濾液100μLにメタノール100μLを添加して2倍希釈を行った。希釈倍率は、必要に応じて変更した。気泡および析出物がないことを確認し、密閉して振とうした。絶対検量線法によりHPLCを用いて化合物(V)を定量した。
(結果)
化合物(V):JP-1液;7.1μg/mL、JP-2液4.4μg/mL、20mmol/L TCA/JP-2液16.1μg/mL
サルモネラ菌(Salmonella typhimurium)TA98、TA100、TA1535、TA1537および大腸菌(Escherichia coli)WP2uvrAを試験菌株として用い、プレインキュベーション法による非代謝活性化条件下および代謝活性化条件下においてAmes試験を実施し、化合物(V)に係る化合物の遺伝子突然変異誘発性の有無を調べた。
(結果)
化合物(V):(-)
化合物(V)を目的の濃度で溶解させ、マイクロプレート上において、ヒツジ脱繊維血から調製した0.1~0.0008%濃度の赤血球浮遊液(2.5v/v%)と混合し、紫外線蛍光ランプ(GL20SEランプ、三共電気およびFL20S―BLBランプ、パナソニック)を用いてUVAおよびUVB領域での光照射(10 J/cm2、290~400nm)を行った。光照射終了後の混合液を採取し、遠心を行った。遠心後の上清を採取しマイクロプレートに移した後、上清の吸光度(540または630nm)を測定、吸光度を基にした判定を行った。540および630nmでの吸光度は、それぞれ生体膜損傷(光溶血率%)および脂質膜過酸化(メトヘモグロビン産生)の指標とした。光溶血率が10%未満であり、630nmでの吸光度の変化量が0.05未満の場合を(-)とし、光溶血率が10%以上であり、630nmでの吸光度の変化量が0.05以上の場合を(+)とした。
(結果)
化合物(V):(-)
また、化合物(VI)は、全血漿サンプル中の濃度は定量下限以下であったことから、化合物(V)のプロドラッグである、化合物(VI)は、投与後生体内で速やかに化合物(V)に変化していることが分かる(図8参照)。
静脈内投与試験の検討実験材料と方法
(1)使用動物:SDラットを使用した。
(2)飼育条件:SDラットは、固形飼料および滅菌水道水を自由摂取させた。
(3)投与量、群分けの設定:所定の投与量により静脈内に投与した。以下のように群を設定した。(化合物ごとで投与量は変更有)
静脈内投与 0.5~1mg/kg(n=2~3)
(4)投与液の調製:静脈内投与は可溶化して投与した。
(5)投与方法:静脈内投与は、注射針を付けたシリンジにより尾静脈から投与した。
(6)評価項目:経時的に採血し、血漿中化合物(V)の化合物濃度をLC/MS/MSを用いて測定した。
(7)統計解析:血漿中化合物(V)の化合物濃度推移について、非線形最小二乗法プログラムWinNonlin(登録商標)を用いて全身クリアランス(CLtot)及び消失半減期(t1/2,z)を算出した。
(結果)
化合物(V):
CLtot:16.4mL/min/kg
t1/2,z:3.4時間
以上の結果から、式(V)で示される化合物は、全身クリアランスが低く、半減期が長い化合物であることが判明した。
したがって、式(V)で示される化合物は、持続性に優れ、インフルエンザウイルスに感染することより誘発される症状及び/又は疾患の治療及び/又は予防剤として有用な医薬となり得る。
Claims (15)
- マグネシウム塩存在下で反応させることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 塩化イソプロピルマグネシウム存在下で反応させることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の製造方法。
- R1がベンジルである、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- R2がヘキシルである、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- R3が水素であり、
R4が水素であり、
R5がフッ素であり、かつ
R6がフッ素である、請求項6記載の製造方法。 - トシル酸塩である、請求項9記載の化合物の塩。
- 請求項10記載の塩の結晶。
- 塩がメシル酸塩である、請求項12記載の化合物の塩。
- 請求項13記載の塩の結晶。
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SG11201810655QA SG11201810655QA (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Method for producing substituted polycyclic pyridone derivative and crystal of same |
PL17815337.5T PL3473629T3 (pl) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Sposób wytwarzania podstawionej policyklicznej pochodnej pirydonu i jej kryształu |
US16/310,897 US11261198B2 (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Process for preparing substituted polycyclic pyridone derivative and crystal thereof |
AU2017282305A AU2017282305B2 (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Method for producing substituted polycyclic pyridone derivative and crystal of same |
KR1020227019438A KR102586854B1 (ko) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | 치환된 다환성 피리돈 유도체의 제조 방법 및 그의 결정 |
JP2017538748A JP6212678B1 (ja) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | 置換された多環性ピリドン誘導体の製造方法およびその結晶 |
ES17815337T ES2936077T3 (es) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Método para producir un derivado de piridona policíclico sustituido y un cristal del mismo |
MX2018016267A MX2018016267A (es) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Metodo para producir derivado de piridona policiclica sustituida y cristal del mismo. |
BR112018076600-3A BR112018076600A2 (pt) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | processo para a preparação de derivado de piridona policíclica substituída e cristal do mesmo |
CN201780038096.2A CN109311911B (zh) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | 用于制备取代多环吡啶酮衍生物及其晶体的方法 |
SI201731296T SI3473629T1 (sl) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Postopek za izdelavo substituiranega policikličnega piridonskega derivata in njegovega kristala |
EP22206730.8A EP4194459A1 (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Process for preparing substituted polycyclic pyridone derivative and crystal thereof |
IL263812A IL263812B2 (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | A process for the preparation of a polycyclic derivative of a modified pyridone and a hymane crystal |
KR1020197001315A KR102447711B1 (ko) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | 치환된 다환성 피리돈 유도체의 제조 방법 및 그의 결정 |
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CA3027840A CA3027840A1 (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Method for producing substituted polycyclic pyridone derivative and crystal of same |
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JPWO2017221869A1 (ja) | 2018-07-05 |
JP2018024682A (ja) | 2018-02-15 |
US11807648B2 (en) | 2023-11-07 |
SG11201810655QA (en) | 2019-01-30 |
TWI750188B (zh) | 2021-12-21 |
KR102447711B1 (ko) | 2022-09-28 |
EP4194459A1 (en) | 2023-06-14 |
JP6212678B1 (ja) | 2017-10-11 |
KR102586854B1 (ko) | 2023-10-11 |
IL263812B1 (en) | 2023-05-01 |
HRP20221540T1 (hr) | 2023-03-03 |
EP3473629A4 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
CN113717198A (zh) | 2021-11-30 |
IL263812B2 (en) | 2023-09-01 |
US20220251107A1 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
US11261198B2 (en) | 2022-03-01 |
CA3027840A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
EP3473629B1 (en) | 2022-11-16 |
CN109311911B (zh) | 2021-11-16 |
JP6959077B2 (ja) | 2021-11-02 |
KR20220084425A (ko) | 2022-06-21 |
US20210230187A1 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
AR108812A1 (es) | 2018-09-26 |
EP3473629A1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
KR20190017991A (ko) | 2019-02-20 |
TW201802097A (zh) | 2018-01-16 |
BR112018076600A2 (pt) | 2019-04-16 |
CN109311911A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
IL263812A (en) | 2019-01-31 |
MX2018016267A (es) | 2019-05-20 |
AU2017282305B2 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
AU2017282305A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
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