CN113717199B - 巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物及其在抗流感病毒中的应用 - Google Patents
巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物及其在抗流感病毒中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物领域,具体涉及巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物及其在抗流感病毒中的应用。
背景技术
流行性感冒病毒(influenza virus),简称流感病毒,属正黏液病毒科(Orthomyxoviridae)的RNA病毒,有节段、单股负链RNA包膜病毒分为甲、乙、丙三型。
流感病毒最早是在1933年由英国人威尔逊·史密斯(Wilson Smith)发现的,他称为H1N1,H代表血凝素(hemagglutinin,H),N代表神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase,N), H能引起红细胞凝集,是病毒吸咐于敏感细胞表面的工具,N则能水解粘液蛋白,水解细胞表面受体特异性糖蛋白末端的N-乙酰神经氨酸,是病毒复制完成后脱离细胞表面的工具。
根据病毒粒子核蛋白(nuclear protein,NP)和基质蛋白(matrix protein,MP)的抗原特性及基因特性的不同,流感病毒主要分为A、B、C三型,也称甲、乙、丙三型。3种流感类型中,A型病毒是引起大部分严重疾病的毒性最强的人病原体,可以传递至其他物种,并且产生人流感大面积流行。
流感病毒颗粒直径为80-120nm,由三层构成:内层为病毒核衣壳,含核蛋白(NP)、P蛋白和RNA。NP是可溶性抗原(S抗原),具有型特异性,抗原性稳定。P蛋白(P1、P2、P3)可能是RNA转录和复制所需的多聚酶。中层为病毒囊膜,由一层类脂体和一层膜蛋白(MP)构成,MP抗原性稳定,也具有型特异性。外层为两种不同糖蛋白构成的辐射状突起,这两种糖蛋白,一种是血凝素 (hemagglutinin,HA)即“H”;一种是神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase,NA)即“N”,H和N后面的数字用来表示这种蛋白的不同亚型,标志着不同的抗原型区分和编号。依此将不同的流感病毒进行分类,几个引起人类大流行死亡的病毒:H1N1、 H2N2、H3N2、H5N1、H7N7、H1N2、H9N2、H7N2、H7N3和H10N7。
CN201680037827.7公开了经取代的多环性吡啶酮衍生物及其前药,其中涉及玛巴洛沙韦(Baloxavir marboxil)已在美国获准上市,商品名为是一种新的抗流感病毒药。2021年4月27日,玛巴洛沙韦在中国获批上市,适应症为治疗12周岁及以上的流感患者,包括存在流感并发症高风险的患者。可治疗对奥司他韦耐药的病毒株和禽流感病毒株。
玛巴洛沙韦Baloxavir marboxil具有不同以往的全新的作用机理:玛巴洛沙韦是前体药物,进入体内水解为活性物质巴洛沙韦,发挥抗流感病毒的活性。它是通过选择性的抑制帽依赖性核酸内切酶(cap-dependent endonuclease),从而可阻止聚合酶功能和流感病毒mRNA复制。内切酶是流感病毒RNA聚合酶复合物中特异性的病毒酶,也是病毒基因转录,抑制病毒复制所必需的酶。巴洛沙韦对甲型流感病毒聚合酶酸性(Influenza A virus,IAV;Polymerase acidic,PA)蛋白内切酶抑制50%浓度(IC50)为1.4~3.1nmol·L-1(n=4);对乙型流感病毒聚合酶酸性 (Influenza B virusPolymerase acidic,IBV PA)蛋白内切酶抑制为4.5~8.9nnmol·L-1。上市药物选择了玛巴洛沙韦Baloxavirmarboxil的前药方式来进行给药,极少有公开文献提到此产品在体内的口服吸收的具体情况,在日本的Interview Form文件中,有关药物吸收的内容中,提到玛巴洛沙韦的绝对生物利用度只有 10%。尽管有文献对于玛巴洛沙韦的结构进行了改进,如中国专利CN110637016B、 CN111548384B、CN111662220A、CN112010916A、CN112062800A、CN109721615B、CN109678859B、CN110128432B、CN110963999B、 CN111057074A、CN110637016B、CN110317211A,但在这些文献所涉及的化合物均没有显著提高玛巴洛沙韦的绝对生物利用度,即没有改善玛巴洛沙韦极低的药物吸收情况。
所以迫切需要改进的巴洛沙韦的前药化合物,来提高巴洛沙韦的生物利用度。
发明内容
本发明提供一种作为流感病毒RNA聚合酶抑制剂的巴洛沙韦的衍生物,更具体地说,本发明提供一种作为流感病毒的帽依赖性核酸内切酶(cap-dependent endonuclease)抑制剂的新化合物,此类化合物可以制备用于预防、处理、治疗或减轻患者病毒感染疾病的药物。与现有的玛巴洛沙韦Baloxavir marboxil相比,本发明的化合物具有更好的生物利用度。
具体的,本发明提供一种巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,其为下式(I)所示化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或酯,
(I)中,R选自氘(D),氢,氟,未氘代的、一次或多次氘代的或全氘代的C1-3烷基,未氘代的、一次或多次氘代的或全氘代的C2-3烯基,C3-6碳环烷基,C3-6杂环基,-OH,-O-C-OH,-O-CD3,-O-CH3,-O-CD2-OH,-C-OH,-CD2-OH, -C-C-OH,-CD2-C-OH,-CD2-CD2-OH,-C-O-C-OH,-CD2-O-C-OH, -CD2-O-CD2-OH,-C-C-C-OH,-CD2-C-C-OH,-O-CF3,-CF3,-NH2,-N-C-OH, -N-CD3,-N-CH3,-N-CD2-OH,-N(CH3)2,-N(CD3)2。
根据本发明实施例,所述C3-6碳环烷基是指碳原子数3-6个的碳环烷基,包含芳香族碳环基及非芳香族碳环基。具体例如可列举:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基。
根据本发明实施例,所述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,R选自氘,氢,未氘代的、一次或多次氘代的或全氘代的C1-3烷基,未氘代的、一次或多次氘代的或全氘代的C2-3烯基。
根据本发明实施例,所述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,R选自氘,氟,-O-CD3, -O-CH3,-O-CF3,-CH3,-CD3,-CF3。
根据本发明实施例,所述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,R选自氘、氟、-O-CH3、 -OCD3、-O-CF3。
根据本发明实施例,所述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,R选自氘、氟、-OCD3。
根据本发明实施例,所述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物选自以下化合物:
本发明的巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,包括其药学上可接受的盐或酯。
本发明的巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,具有帽依赖性核酸内切酶抑制作用,可以作为流感病毒RNA聚合酶的抑制剂。
本发明的巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,具有抗病毒的作用,可以用于制备预防或治疗病毒感染性疾病的药物。
具体的,本发明的巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物可以用于抗流感病毒。
本发明的巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,可用于预防或治疗由具有帽依赖性核酸内切酶的病毒引起的疾病。
本发明还提供上述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,具体地在制备用于预防或治疗由具有帽依赖性核酸内切酶的病毒引起的疾病的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物,包括上述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,和其药学上可接受的盐或酯。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物,包括上述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物,和药学上可接受的载体。
根据本发明实施例,所述药物组合物还进一步包含一种或多种其他治疗剂,其中所述其他治疗剂选自金刚胺、金刚乙胺、奥司他韦、扎那米韦、帕拉米韦、拉尼米韦、拉尼米韦辛酸酯水合物、法匹拉韦、阿比多尔、利巴韦林、司他弗林、英加韦林、流感酶、吡莫地韦、流感疫苗中的一种或几种。
本发明包含所有本发明化合物的立体异构体,互变异构体,溶剂化物,药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的前药。术语“药学上可接受的”是指物质或组合物必须与包含制剂的其它成分和/或用其治疗的哺乳动物化学上和/或毒理学上相容。本发明涉及式中所包含的化合物的制备、分离和纯化的方法。
根据本发明实施例,所述药物组合物可为片剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、膜剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、酏剂、糖浆剂、柠檬剂、醑剂、芳香水剂、提取剂、煎剂或酊剂。
本发明还提供使用上述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物或药物组合物治疗或预防流行性感冒传染病的方法,包括给药上述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物或药物组合物。
本发明实施例所提供的上述巴洛沙韦的氘代衍生物具有更高的生物利用度,更有利于药物吸收。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件,或者按照产品说明书进行。
本发明中,所用仪器等未注明生产厂商者,均为可通过正规渠道商购买得到的常规产品。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法,所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径而得。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件,或者按照产品说明书进行。
在以下制备实施例中,发明人以本发明的部分化合物为例,详细描述了本发明化合物的制备过程。
实施例1三氘代甲基巴洛沙韦的制备
将2.8g碳酸钾、4.8g的巴洛沙韦Baloxavir、0.1g的四丁基溴化胺,25ml的 N,N-二甲基乙酰胺加入到反应瓶中,搅拌30min,在容器中,加入15ml的N,N- 二甲基乙酰胺、2.9g的三氘代碘甲烷,搅拌,在氮气保护下,把三氘代碘甲烷溶液缓慢滴加入反应瓶中,加完后,室温搅拌反应10h后,补加1.2g碳酸钾,升温至50℃继续反应,TLC监测反应结束,将反应液冷却,加入20ml水,用1mol/L 的盐酸调节pH值至4.0左右,用90ml的乙酸乙酯分三次进行萃取,混合乙酸乙酯层,用饱和食盐水洗涤有机相,加无水硫酸钠进行干燥后,减压蒸馏脱去溶剂,把脱去溶剂后的产物,过硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷-甲醇(10:1),然后,再次减压下脱去溶剂,得产品2.24g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.16-7.06(m,3H),7.03-6.95(m,2H),6.85 (t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.71(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.60(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.31(dd,J=13.6, 2.4Hz,1H),5.20(s,1H),4.66(dd,J=13.6,2.2Hz,1H),4.57(dd,J=10.8,2.6Hz,1H), 4.07(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),3.96(dd,J=10.8,2.8Hz,1H),3.79(dd,J=11.2,2.8Hz,1H), 3.58(t,J=10.6Hz,1H),3.51-3.40(m,1H),3.07-2.93(m,1H).
ESI-MS m/z:501.1[M+H]+。
实施例2五氘代甲氧基甲基巴洛沙韦的制备
将3.5g碳酸钾、4.8g的巴洛沙韦Baloxavir,15ml的纯净水加入到反应瓶中,搅拌30min,在容器中,加入30ml的乙腈、3.5g的五氘代碘甲基甲基醚,搅拌,在氮气保护下,把五氘代碘甲基甲基醚溶液缓慢滴加入反应瓶中,升温至40℃继续反应,TLC监测反应结束,将反应液冷却,用1mol/L的盐酸调节pH值至中性,用60ml的乙酸乙酯进行萃取两次,混合乙酸乙酯层,用饱和食盐水洗涤有机相,加无水硫酸钠进行干燥后,减压蒸馏脱去溶剂,把脱去溶剂后的残留物,过硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷-甲醇(10:1),分离纯化后,再次减压下脱除溶剂,得产品1.73g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.16-7.06(m,3H),7.04-6.94(m,2H), 6.87-6.80(m,1H),6.74(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.75(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.39(s,1H), 5.33-5.22(m,1H),4.72-4.63(m,1H),4.60-4.54(m,1H),4.07(d,J=14.2Hz,1H), 4.02-3.93(m,1H),3.85-3.76(m,1H),3.62-3.56(m,1H),3.48-3.34(m,1H), 2.97-2.88(m,1H).
ESI-MS m/z:533.2[M+H]+。
实施例3二氘代氟甲基巴洛沙韦的制备
将3.5g碳酸钾、4.8g的巴洛沙韦Baloxavir,15ml的纯净水加入到反应瓶中,搅拌30min,在容器中,加入30ml的乙腈、3.4g的二氘代氟碘甲烷,搅拌,在氮气保护下,把二氘代氟碘甲烷溶液缓慢滴加入反应瓶中,升温至40℃继续反应,TLC监测反应结束,将反应液冷却,用1mol/L的盐酸调节pH值至中性,用 60ml的乙酸乙酯进行萃取两次,混合乙酸乙酯层,用饱和食盐水洗涤有机相,加无水硫酸钠进行干燥后,减压蒸馏脱去溶剂,把脱去溶剂后的残留物,过硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷-甲醇(10:1),分离纯化后,再次减压下脱除溶剂,得产品2.13g。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-D6)δ(ppm):7.40-7.32(m,2H),7.24-7.13(m,2H), 7.10-6.99(m,2H),6.85-6.80(m 1H),5.72-5.61(m,2H),5.43-5.34(m,1H),4.52-4.44 (m,1H),4.40-4.32(m,1H),4.06(d,J=13.6Hz,1H),3.98-3.91(m,1H),3.71-3.62(m, 1H),3.47-3.40(m,1H),3.33-3.23(m,1H),2.97-2.88(m,1H).
ESI-MS m/z:518.1[M+H]+。
对比例1五氘代玛巴洛沙韦的制备
将4.0g碳酸钾、4.8g的巴洛沙韦Baloxavir,15ml的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺加入到反应瓶中,搅拌30min,在容器中,加入15ml的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、2.6g的五氘代的氯甲基碳酸二甲酯,搅拌,在氮气保护下,把五氘代的氯甲基碳酸二甲酯溶液缓慢滴加入反应瓶中,加完后,升温至50℃继续反应,TLC监测反应结束,将反应液冷却,加入20ml水,用1mol/L的盐酸调节pH值至中性,用60ml 的乙酸乙酯分两次进行萃取,混合乙酸乙酯层,用饱和食盐水洗涤有机相,加无水硫酸镁进行干燥后,减压蒸馏脱去溶剂,把脱去溶剂后的产物,过硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷-甲醇(10:1),然后,再次减压下脱去溶剂,得产品0.75g。
实验例1相对生物利用度实验
分组及给药:将体重在240±20g的SD雄性大鼠24只,分在8个塑料笼中,每笼3只成群饲养,适应性饲养三天以后,将大鼠随机分为三组,每组8只,用于实验。一组为氘代巴洛沙韦组(实施例1制备的三氘代甲基巴洛沙韦);一组为对照组1(玛巴洛沙韦Baloxavirmarboxil,CAS号:1985606-14-1);一组为对照组2(对比例1制备的五氘代玛巴洛沙韦组)。
以上三种药物分别用相同的10%二甲基亚砜+20%聚乙二醇400+70%生理盐水的溶液进行溶解给药,所有动物在给药前禁食12小时后,再进行灌胃给药,给药剂量:氘代巴洛沙韦组给予实施例1制得的三氘代甲基巴洛沙韦(灌胃给药,给药量8mg/KG);对照组1给予玛巴洛沙韦Baloxavir marboxil(灌胃给药,给药量8mg/KG);对照组2给予五氘代玛巴洛沙韦(灌胃给药,给药量8mg/KG)。
给药后的采血时间点为15分钟,30分钟,1小时,1.5小时,3小时,5小时、8小时、12小时和24小时,从大鼠眼眶后静脉丛中采集300μL血液于1.5ml 离心管中,离心管提前用0.1%的肝素(100μL,并于80℃烘干)为抗凝剂进行处理,血样在4℃温度下,3000rpm离心15分钟,和红细胞分离后,用移液器吸出血浆溶液100μL于干净的离心管中,标记名称和时间点,并把血浆溶液于-80℃下保存至用LC-MS/MS测定血浆中的巴洛沙韦Baloxavir(CAS号:1985605-59-1) 的药物浓度。实验结果见下表1:
表1
结果:氘代巴洛沙韦比对照组1(玛巴洛沙韦Baloxavir marboxil)的相对生物利用度提高了134%,氘代甲基巴洛沙韦组比对照组2(五氘代的玛巴洛沙韦) 的相对生物利用度提高了77%。
结论:本发明的氘代巴洛沙韦,比现有的玛巴洛沙韦Baloxavir marboxil,吸收更好,有更好的生物利用度,可以更好的改善现有产品所存在的绝生物利用度过低的现象,降低了巴洛沙韦的口服给药剂量。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
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