WO2014103992A1 - 電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータ及び電気二重層キャパシタ - Google Patents
電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータ及び電気二重層キャパシタ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014103992A1 WO2014103992A1 PCT/JP2013/084436 JP2013084436W WO2014103992A1 WO 2014103992 A1 WO2014103992 A1 WO 2014103992A1 JP 2013084436 W JP2013084436 W JP 2013084436W WO 2014103992 A1 WO2014103992 A1 WO 2014103992A1
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- fiber
- separator
- double layer
- electric double
- layer capacitor
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/429—Natural polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/429—Natural polymers
- H01M50/4295—Natural cotton, cellulose or wood
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a capacitor separator useful as a constituent material of an electric double layer capacitor and an electric double layer capacitor including the same.
- Electric double layer capacitors have large capacities similar to those of nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, and lithium ion batteries, and are used for power supply smoothing and noise absorption, which were the main applications of conventional capacitors (also called capacitors). In addition, it has come to be used as a memory backup power source for personal computers, as well as for auxiliary and replacement of secondary batteries.
- the conventional secondary battery has a high capacity, it has a relatively short life and is difficult to rapidly charge and discharge.
- the electric double layer capacitor has a good characteristic that it has a relatively large capacity and has a long life and quick charge / discharge, which are the original advantages of the capacitor.
- An electric double layer capacitor is generally composed of positive and negative electrodes, an electrolytic solution, a separator, a current collector, etc., and the purpose of use of the separator is to circulate the electrolytic solution while preventing contact between the positive and negative electrodes.
- the thickness of the separator increases, the passage between the electrodes becomes longer and the internal resistance increases. Therefore, it is desired to reduce the thickness of the separator by making the fibers constituting the separator extremely thin.
- Patent Document 1 in an electric double layer capacitor in which a pair of polarizable electrodes are separated by a separator, the separator manufactured wet paper using cellulose as a raw material and retained the void structure present in the wet paper
- An electric double layer capacitor characterized by being dried as it is is disclosed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a separator for an electric double layer capacitor that has a low density, a reduced thickness, and a low electric resistance.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a separator for an electric double layer capacitor that has the strength required as a separator for an electric double layer capacitor and can reduce the thickness.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a separator for an electric double layer capacitor having the strength required as a separator for an electric double layer capacitor and having air permeability (porosity, ion permeability).
- Another object of the present invention is that it is thin in thickness as well as strength properties (tensile strength, etc.), and has low density and air permeability (porosity, ion permeability).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a separator for an electric double layer capacitor that can be made to operate.
- the present inventors have focused on (i) polyvinyl alcohol fibers having a specific range of hot water dissolution temperature, and (ii) a hot water dissolution temperature of 85 ° C.
- a fiber sheet is formed from this fiber by a wet method when the polyvinyl alcohol fiber having a temperature of less than 100 ° C. is used, the polyvinyl alcohol fiber remains in the sheet while remaining as a main fiber.
- the fibers are bonded to each other at the fiber intersection, and (iii) the fiber sheet thus obtained has a low density and a reduced thickness, and serves as a separator for an electric double layer capacitor.
- it was used it discovered that it could suppress that the resistance value of a separator raises, and reached
- a polyvinyl alcohol fiber (fiber A) having a hot water dissolution temperature lower than 100 ° C. and higher than 85 ° C. is blended in an amount of 10% by mass or more (based on 100% by mass of the fiber sheet).
- a separator for an electric double layer capacitor comprising a formed fiber sheet, having a density in the range of 0.25 to 0.7 g / cm 3 and a thickness in the range of 5 ⁇ m to less than 40 ⁇ m.
- the separator is preferably a separator for an electric double layer capacitor comprising a fiber sheet in which the fiber A is further blended with a polyvinyl alcohol fiber (fiber B) having a hot water dissolution temperature of less than 80 ° C.
- the fiber A or a fiber sheet formed by adding a cellulosic fiber to the fiber containing the fiber A and the fiber B is preferable, and the cellulosic fiber is an organic solvent cellulosic fiber or A beaten product of natural cellulose fibers is preferred.
- the separator preferably satisfies the following requirements (1) and (2). 1.
- the thickness of the separator is in the range of 5 to 30 ⁇ m. 2.
- the second configuration of the present invention is an electric double layer capacitor comprising the above separator for an electric double layer capacitor.
- the separator for an electric double layer capacitor has a hot water melting temperature lower than 100 ° C. and higher than 85 ° C. 10% by mass or more (fiber sheet 100% by mass). Containing a fiber sheet formed by blending, while maintaining the fiber form, because the fiber sheet is formed by bonding at the fiber intersection, it possesses the strength properties possessed by the fiber
- the presence of voids between the fibers provides air permeability (ion permeability), and a low-density and low-resistance fiber sheet can be obtained, which is extremely effective as a separator. It is a thing.
- the separator of the present invention has the following two requirements: 1.
- the thickness of the separator is in the range of 5 to 30 ⁇ m. 2.
- Separator longitudinal strength (kg / 15 mm) / thickness ( ⁇ m)> 0.025 By providing the thickness, the thickness and the mechanical strength are balanced.
- the electric double layer capacitor obtained by mounting the separator according to the first configuration of the present invention having the above characteristics can reduce the density of the separator and the separator, thereby reducing the distance between the electrodes. Therefore, it is expected that the capacitor can be increased in capacity by reducing the resistance and increasing the number of positive and negative electrodes by making the separator thinner.
- the separator for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention has a hot water melting temperature lower than 100 ° C. and higher than 85 ° C., 10% by mass or more (based on 100% by mass of the fiber sheet) of polyvinyl alcohol fiber (fiber A). It is composed of a fiber sheet formed by blending, and the capacitor has a density in the range of 0.25 to 0.7 g / cm 3 and a thickness in the range of 5 ⁇ m to less than 40 ⁇ m.
- the fiber sheet constituting the separator for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention has a hot water melting temperature lower than 100 ° C. and higher than 85 ° C. 10% by mass (preferably 15% by mass) of polyvinyl alcohol fiber (fiber A). % Or more, more preferably 25% by mass or more).
- the upper limit of the fiber A is not particularly limited, but may normally be about 70% by mass (preferably 60% by mass).
- the fiber When the hot water dissolution temperature is lower than 100 ° C., the fiber contains moisture when the fiber sheet is formed by a wet method (sheet forming method using a paper machine or the like), while maintaining the fiber structure during heating and drying. Bonding occurs on the fiber surface at the fiber intersection, and sheet formation can be performed.
- the hot water dissolution temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, the fiber surface is stable, and bonding between the fibers does not occur at the fiber intersection at the time of heating and drying, making it difficult to form a fiber sheet.
- the temperature is 85 ° C. or lower, the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved during heating and drying after the fiber sheet is formed, and it becomes difficult to maintain the shape of the fiber sheet.
- the fiber sheet is formed using polyvinyl alcohol fibers having a hot water dissolution temperature lower than 98 ° C and higher than 90 ° C.
- the hot water dissolution temperature indicates a value measured by a method described in Examples described later.
- the present invention is characterized in that the sheet is formed using a polyvinyl alcohol fiber (fiber A) having a hot water dissolution temperature within a specific range, and the hot water dissolution temperature within such a specific range is set.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber which has has not only the function as a main fiber of the sheet, but also has a function as a binder fiber because the intersections are bonded by heating when forming the fiber sheet.
- a polyvinyl alcohol fiber having a hot water dissolution temperature lower than 100 ° C. and higher than 85 ° C. can be obtained from a vinyl alcohol polymer having an average polymerization degree of 1000 to 5000 and a saponification degree of 95 mol% or more.
- an average degree of polymerization means the viscosity average degree of polymerization calculated
- the vinyl alcohol-based polymer may be copolymerized with other copolymerization components within a range not inhibiting the hot water solubility, but from the viewpoint of fiber-forming property and mechanical properties of the formed fiber,
- the copolymerization amount is preferably 20 mol% or less, particularly preferably 10 mol% or less.
- a treatment such as acetalization such as formalization (FA formation) or a cross-linking treatment is not performed in order to maintain inter-fiber adhesion at the time of fiber sheet formation.
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber need not be composed of only a vinyl alcohol polymer, and may contain other polymers.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based fiber may be a single-spun fiber of a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, and within a range where the fiber has a predetermined hot water dissolution temperature, a composite-spun fiber and a mixed-spun fiber (sea island fiber with other polymers). ).
- the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is desired to have high strength, it is preferably a polyvinyl alcohol fiber containing 80% by weight or more of a vinyl alcohol polymer.
- the fiber formation method may be any of a wet method (a salt bath, an alkali bath, an organic solvent bath), a dry method, and a dry and wet method, and after spinning, further heat drawing (wet heat drawing, dry heat drawing), heat setting, etc.
- a polyvinyl alcohol fiber having a hot water dissolution temperature lower than 100 ° C. and higher than 85 ° C. can be obtained by adjusting the hot draw ratio, the heat setting temperature and the like.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-type fiber which has such a specific hot water dissolution temperature is marketed by Kuraray Co., Ltd. as a brand name "VN20200" etc., for example.
- the single fiber fineness of the fiber is preferably 3.3 dtex or less, particularly preferably 1.1 dtex or less, and more preferably 0.8 dtex or less, from the viewpoint of separation properties and thinning, and increases papermaking properties and internal pressure. 0.01 dtex or more is preferable from the point which suppresses, More preferably, it is 0.1 dtex or more.
- the fiber length may be appropriately set according to the single fiber fineness, but the fiber length is preferably from 0.5 to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 1 to 5 mm from the viewpoint of papermaking properties.
- the hot water dissolution temperature is 80, which has binder performance (capability of dissolving the fiber A by heating during and after forming the fiber sheet by a wet method).
- the addition of a polyvinyl alcohol fiber (fiber B) (also referred to as polyvinyl alcohol / binder fiber) of less than 0 ° C. is preferable in terms of enhancing the function of the fiber sheet by further strengthening the adhesion between the fibers.
- the hot water dissolution temperature of the polyvinyl alcohol / binder fiber suitable for this is preferably higher than 60 ° C. and lower than 80 ° C., more preferably higher than 70 ° C. and lower than 80 ° C.
- a fiber composed of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having an average degree of polymerization of about 500 to 3000 and a saponification degree of 80 to 99 mol% (preferably 95 to 99 mol%) is preferably used.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based fiber may be a single-spun fiber of a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, and within a range where the fiber has a predetermined hot water dissolution temperature, a composite-spun fiber and a mixed-spun fiber (sea island fiber with other polymers). ).
- polyvinyl alcohol fiber containing 30% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more of a vinyl alcohol polymer.
- Polyvinyl alcohol binder fiber has the above hot water dissolution temperature by reducing the degree of heat stretching and heat setting compared to fiber A after fiber formation in the same manner as fiber A. Fibers can be formed. The fineness is preferably about 0.01 to 3 dtex from the viewpoint of water dispersibility, adhesion to other components, pore size, etc., and the fiber length is preferably about 1 to 5 mm. Polyvinyl alcohol binder fibers are commercially available from Kuraray Co., Ltd. under the trade names “VPB101” and “VPB041”. When the fiber B is added as a binder component to the electric double layer capacitor separator of the present invention, the blending amount is preferably 3 to 20% by mass with respect to the mass of the fiber sheet. When there are too many fibers B, the gap between the fibers is closed, which results in a decrease in air permeability, which is not preferable.
- the fiber A has a fineness smaller than that of the fiber B.
- Cellulose fiber The fiber sheet of the present invention may be formed by adding cellulosic fibers.
- Cellulose fibers include organic solvent-based cellulose fibers obtained by dissolving cellulose in an organic solvent such as aminoxoxide and spinning, natural cellulose fibers such as various wood pulps and cotton linters, and their mercels.
- Can include chemicals and beatings.
- a beaten product of organic solvent-based cellulose fibers and a beaten product of natural cellulose are desirable because a fiber sheet having a network structure can be formed by the presence of fibrillated fibers.
- the beaten material is preferably about 0 to 130 ml, more preferably 0 to 110 ml, and still more preferably 0 to 100 ml at Canadian standard freeness.
- the beating degree indicates a value measured by a method described in Examples described later.
- the separator of the present invention can be formed by using the fiber A, preferably by further adding the fiber B and / or cellulosic fiber, for example, as a wet nonwoven fabric.
- a desired wet nonwoven fabric can be efficiently produced by using a general wet paper machine.
- nets used include round nets, short nets, and long nets. These nets can be used alone to form a single layer, or a combination of paper nets can be combined into multiple layers. Good. It is preferable to make multiple layers of paper from the viewpoint of obtaining paper with uniform and excellent electrical properties without any unevenness.
- double-layered paper is used with a short net-circular paper machine. Is preferred. After the paper is made by a wet paper machine, the desired separator for an electric double layer capacitor is obtained by drying with a Yankee type dryer or the like. Of course, after the heat drying, a hot press process or the like can be further performed as necessary.
- the heating and drying temperature may be, for example, in the range of (TA + 15) to (TA + 55) ° C., preferably in the range of (TA + 25) to (TA + 45) ° C., for the hot water dissolution temperature (TA) of the fiber A. You may go.
- the hot pressing is preferably performed within a range in which the air permeability of the fiber sheet is maintained.
- it may be performed at a processing temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. and a linear pressure of 75 to 150 kgf / cm.
- the separator for the electric double layer capacitor is required to have a low density in the range of 0.25 to 0.7 g / cm 3 in order to reduce the resistance, and the separator is attached to the electric double layer capacitor. It is preferable to have a tensile strength [fibre sheet longitudinal (longitudinal) direction] necessary for passing through the processing step, and it is preferable to be porous (breathable) in order to ensure ion permeability.
- the density of the separator may preferably be in the range of 0.30 to 0.6 g / cm 3 , more preferably in the range of 0.35 to 0.5 g / cm 3 .
- the thickness is smaller because a predetermined volume can be filled with more electrode material.
- Strength properties, air permeability, and thickness are contradictory properties, but the fiber sheet according to the present invention is formed using polyvinyl alcohol fiber having a hot water dissolution temperature of 85 to 100 ° C. In order to maintain the bonding at the fiber intersection while maintaining, the high strength characteristics of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber are utilized, and a thin fiber sheet having the desired performance can be obtained with a small basis weight.
- the thickness of the separator is in the range of 5 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 5 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the basis weight of the separator can be appropriately set according to the thickness of the separator, but may be, for example, about 5 to 20 g / m 2 , preferably about 7 to 18 g / m 2 , more preferably. May be about 8 to 15 g / m 2 .
- the air permeability of the separator may be, for example, 1.5 to 35 cc / cm 2 / s, preferably 2 to 30 cc / cm 2 / s.
- air permeability shows the value measured by the method described in the Example mentioned later here.
- the ratio of the longitudinal tensile strength (kg / 15 mm) of the fiber sheet to the separator thickness ( ⁇ m) preferably satisfies the following formula. According to the present invention, as shown in the following examples, A separator satisfying this condition can be obtained. Separator (fiber sheet) longitudinal strength / separator thickness ( ⁇ m)> 0.025 In the above formula, it is more preferably> 0.03.
- An electric double layer capacitor using the separator of the present invention includes at least a positive and negative electrode, an electrolytic solution, the separator, and a current collector.
- other members usually used in the technical field of electric double layer capacitors may be provided as necessary.
- an electric double layer capacitor is composed of a separator and an element composed of a pair of positive and negative polarizable electrodes in which a polarizable electrode layer is formed on a current collector so as to face each other with the separator interposed therebetween. And a case that is accommodated together with the liquid.
- the shape of the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can take various shapes such as a coin type and a wound type.
- the positive electrode side polarizable electrode and the negative electrode side polarizable electrode are respectively formed on the current collector made of a metal material, and these polarizable electrodes are separated by the separator.
- a pair of solid electrodes are immersed in a solution containing electrolyte ions and a DC voltage is applied,-ions are electrostatically charged to the positive electrode and positive ions are electrostatically charged to the negative electrode.
- an electric double layer is formed at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte.
- the electric double layer capacitor can perform charge / discharge by movement of electrolyte ions in the solution and adsorption / desorption to the electrode surface.
- the types of positive and negative electrodes and the type of electrolyte in the capacitor are not particularly limited, and those conventionally used in electric double layer capacitors can be used.
- the separator of the present invention can also be used for a lithium ion capacitor including an electric double layer positive electrode and a lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode (for example, a carbon-based material capable of occluding lithium ions). Since the lithium ion capacitor uses the principle of the electric double layer capacitor, the lithium ion capacitor may be included in the category of the electric double layer capacitor in the present invention.
- the separator of the present invention includes a carbonaceous positive electrode and negative electrode, and a non-aqueous organic electrolytic solution [for example, tetraalkylammonium cation and BF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , SO 3 CF 3 ⁇ , AsF] as the electrolytic solution.
- Salts with anions such as 6 ⁇ , N (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ⁇ , ClO 4 — were dissolved in an organic solvent such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane. It is suitable as a separator for an electric double layer capacitor using an electrolytic solution.
- the test sample is a 5 cm long tow of polyvinyl alcohol fiber with a weight of 0.9 gf / 500 dtex attached.
- the sample is suspended in 500 cc of water (20 ° C.), and the temperature is increased at a rate of 1 ° C./min.
- the temperature when the fiber was melted was defined as the hot water dissolution temperature.
- ⁇ Tensile strength> The tensile strength (kg / 15 mm) in the longitudinal direction of the fiber sheet was measured according to JIS P8113 “Testing method for tensile strength of paper and paperboard”.
- Example 1 Hot water dissolution temperature 95 ° C, fineness 0.3 dtex, fiber length 2 mm mm polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber (non-FA fiber) (Kuraray Co., Ltd., trade name “VN20200”) (component fiber 1), hot water dissolution Polyvinyl alcohol fiber having a temperature of 72 ° C., a fineness of 1.1 dtex, and a fiber length of 3 mm (trade name “VPB101” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) (constituent fiber 2), 1.7 dtex, a solvent-spun cellulose fiber having a fiber length of 3 mm (Lentining) Manufactured product name “Tencel”) with a pulper and a fiber riser to prepare fibrillated 10 ml CSF (constituent fiber 3), and mix constituent fibers 1, 2 and 3 in the proportions shown in Table 1.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- VN20200 non-FA fiber
- component fiber 1 hot water dis
- the slurry is adjusted, paper is made with a round net paper machine, dried after drying with a dryer (dryer temperature 130 ° C), and then processed with a hot press. 200 ° C., and treated at a linear pressure of 100 kgf / cm, to prepare a sheet.
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained sheet.
- Example 2 A sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratios of the constituent fibers 1, 2 and 3 were changed to the ratios shown in Table 1.
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained sheet.
- Example 4 Constituent fiber 1, constituent fiber 2 and constituent fiber 3 similar to Example 1 are mixed at the same blending ratio to prepare a slurry, paper is made in the same manner as in Example 1, dried by a dryer after paper making, and then a hot press machine In this way, a sheet having a basis weight of 10 g / m 2 , a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and a density of 0.50 g / m 3 was produced. The thickness was adjusted by adjusting the clearance of the hot press machine. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained sheet.
- Example 5 Constituent fiber 1, constituent fiber 2 and constituent fiber 3 similar to Example 1 are mixed at the same blending ratio to prepare a slurry, paper is made in the same manner as in Example 1, dried by a dryer after paper making, and then a hot press machine In this way, a sheet having a basis weight of 9 g / m 2 , a thickness of 25 ⁇ m, and a density of 0.36 g / m 3 was produced. The thickness was adjusted by adjusting the clearance of the hot press machine. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained sheet.
- Example 6 A sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratios of the constituent fibers 1, 2 and 3 were changed to the ratios shown in Table 1. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained sheet.
- Example 3 Constituent fiber 1, constituent fiber 2 and constituent fiber 3 similar to Example 1 are mixed at the same blending ratio to prepare a slurry, paper is made in the same manner as in Example 1, dried by a dryer after paper making, and then a hot press machine In this way, a sheet having a basis weight of 11 g / m 2 , a thickness of 13 ⁇ m, and a density of 0.85 g / m 3 was produced. The thickness was adjusted by adjusting the clearance of the hot press machine. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained sheet.
- Example 4 instead of the constituent fiber 1 of Example 1, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber (trade name “VN30200” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) having a hot water dissolution temperature higher than 100 ° C. is used, and the constituent fiber 3 of Example 1 is used. Then, a solvent-spun cellulose fiber having a length of 1.7 dtex and a fiber length of 3 mm (manufactured by Lenzing Co., Ltd., trade name “Tencel”) was beaten with a disc refiner and fibrillated (CSF 150 ml). A sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratio of 3 was changed to the ratio shown in Table 1. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained sheet.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- Example 5 Comparative Example 5
- 1.7 dtex, 3 mm of solvent-spun cellulose fiber manufactured by Lenzing, trade name “Tencel”
- CSF 150 ml a disc refiner and fibrillated
- Example 6 Comparative Example 6
- a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber (trade name “VN30200” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) having a hot water dissolution temperature higher than 100 ° C. is used in the same manner as in Example 1. A sheet was produced. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained sheet.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the specifications of the constituent fibers constituting the sheets are shown in Table 1, and the sheet performance (tensile strength, air permeability, resistance value, tensile strength / thickness ratio). Is shown in Table 2.
- a sheet formed by blending cellulose fiber (constituent fiber 3) and polyvinyl alcohol / binder fiber (constituent fiber 2) into polyvinyl alcohol fiber (constituent fiber 1) having a hot water dissolution temperature of 95 ° C. has a thickness of Even if it is thin and has a low density, a sheet (separator) having excellent strength properties and air permeability per thickness and reduced electric resistance can be obtained (Examples 1 and 2).
- the blending ratio of the constituent fibers 1 is increased, the strength and air permeability are increased, and the electrical resistance can be further reduced (Examples 3 and 6).
- Example 4 Compared with Example 1, even when the density of the sheet is increased, the characteristics required of the separator can be maintained within a predetermined range (Example 4). (4) Compared with Example 1, when the sheet density is lowered, it is possible to reduce the electrical resistance while maintaining the strength characteristics (Example 5).
- Example 5 When the constituent fiber 1 is not included at all (Comparative Example 1), or when the proportion of the constituent fiber 1 is low (Comparative Example 2), the hot water dissolution temperature of the constituent fiber 1 becomes too high (Comparative Example 4 and 6) and the strength properties and strength / thickness ratio are inferior. (6) Even when the thickness is reduced, it is difficult to reduce the electrical resistance if the density is high (Comparative Example 3). (7) Even if the density is within a predetermined range, if the thickness is too thick, it is difficult to reduce the electrical resistance (Comparative Example 5).
- the separator for the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention can achieve reduction in thickness and density of the separator, and the electric double layer capacitor can improve performance by including the separator. There is a possibility of use.
Abstract
Description
1.セパレータの厚さが5~30μmの範囲内にあること。
2.セパレータの縦方向強度(kg/15mm)/厚さ(μm)>0.025
1.セパレータの厚さが5~30μmの範囲内にあること。
2.セパレータの縦方向強度(kg/15mm)/厚さ(μm)>0.025
を備えることにより、厚さと機械的強度がバランスしたものとなる。
本発明の電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータを構成する繊維シートは、熱水溶解温度が100℃よりも低く、85℃よりも高いポリビニルアルコール系繊維(繊維A)を10質量%以上(好ましくは15質量%以上、より好ましくは25質量%以上)配合して形成される必要がある。なお、繊維シートを形成できる限り、繊維Aの上限は特に限定されないが、通常70質量%(好ましくは60質量%)程度であってもよい。
本発明では、熱水溶解温度が特定の範囲内にあるポリビニルアルコール系繊維(繊維A)を用いてシート形成を行うことが特徴であり、このような特定の範囲内にある熱水溶解温度を有するポリビニルアルコール系繊維は、シートの主体繊維として作用するだけでなく、繊維シートを形成する際の加熱によってその交点間が接着するため、バインダー繊維としての機能も有する。
本発明において、熱水溶解温度が100℃よりも低く、85℃よりも高いポリビニルアルコール系繊維は、平均重合度1000~5000、ケン化度95モル%以上のビニルアルコール系ポリマーから得ることができる。なお、ここで平均重合度は、30℃水溶液の粘度から求めた粘度平均重合度を意味する。
また本発明では、上記した繊維Aの他に、バインダー性能(湿式法で繊維シート形成時および形成後の加熱により溶解して、繊維A間を接着させる性能)を有する、熱水溶解温度が80℃未満のポリビニルアルコール系繊維(繊維B)(ポリビニルアルコール・バインダー繊維とも称する)が加えられているのが、繊維間の接着をより強固にして、繊維シートの機能を高める点で好ましい。これに適したポリビニルアルコール・バインダー繊維の熱水溶解温度としては、60℃よりも高く、80℃未満であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは70℃よりも高く、80℃未満である。かかる繊維Bは、平均重合度は500~3000程度、ケン化度80~99モル%(好ましくは95~99モル%)のポリビニルアルコール系ポリマーから構成された繊維が好適に使用される。勿論、ポリビニルアルコール系繊維は、ビニルアルコール系ポリマーの単独紡糸繊維であってもよく、繊維が所定の熱水溶解温度を有する範囲で、他のポリマーとの複合紡糸繊維、混合紡糸繊維(海島繊維)であっても構わない。電解液吸液性、機械的性能等の点からはビニルアルコール系ポリマーを30重量%以上、好ましくは50重量%以上、さらに好ましくは80重量%以上含むポリビニルアルコール繊維を用いることが好ましい。
本発明の電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータに、繊維Bをバインダー成分として加える場合には、その配合量は繊維シートの質量に対して3~20質量%が好ましい。繊維Bが多すぎる場合には、繊維間の空隙を塞ぐため、通気度を減少させる結果となり好ましくない。
本発明の繊維シートを、セルロース系繊維を加えて形成してもよい。セルロース繊維としては、セルロースをアミノキサイドなどの有機溶剤に溶解して紡糸して得られる有機溶剤系のセルロース繊維、再生セルロース繊維、各種の木材パルプやコットンリンターなどの天然セルロース繊維、それらのマーセル化物、叩解物などをあげることができる。とくに、有機溶剤系のセルロース繊維の叩解物、天然セルロースの叩解物が、フィブリル化した繊維の存在により網状構造を有する繊維シートを形成することができるので望ましい。
本発明のセパレータは、上記の繊維Aを用いて、好ましくは、繊維Bおよび/またはセルロース系繊維をさらに加えて、例えば湿式不織布とすることにより形成することができるが、その湿式不織布の製造方法は特に限定されない。例えば一般の湿式抄紙機を用いることにより効率的に所望の湿式不織布を製造できる。用いる抄き網としては、円網、短網、長網等が挙げられ、これらの抄き網を単独で用いて単層としても、また抄き網の組み合わせによる複数層の抄き合せとしてもよい。地合斑のない均質で電気特性に優れた紙を得る点からは複数層の抄き合せとすることが好ましく、なかでも短網-円網抄紙機にて2層抄き合せ紙とするのが好ましい。湿式抄紙機により抄き上げた後にヤンキー型乾燥機等で乾燥することで目的とする電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータが得られる。勿論、加熱乾燥後、必要に応じて熱プレス加工等をさらに行うこともできる。
電気二重層キャパシタ用のセパレータとしては、抵抗を低くするために、0.25~0.7g/cm3の範囲内という低密度であることが求められ、また、セパレータを電気二重層キャパシタに取付ける加工工程を通過するに必要な引張強力[繊維シート長手(縦)方向]を備えているのが好ましく、また、イオン透過性を確保するために多孔性(通気性)のあるものがよい。
セパレータ(繊維シート)の縦方向強度/セパレータの厚さ(μm)>0.025
上記の式において、さらに好ましくは、>0.03である。
本発明のセパレータを用いた電気二重層キャパシタは、正負電極、電解液、上記のセパレータ、および集電体を少なくとも備える。そのほか必要に応じて電気二重層キャパシタの技術分野で通常使用されている他の部材を備えていてもよい。例えば、電気二重層キャパシタは、セパレータと、前記セパレータを介して対向配置し、集電体上に分極性電極層を形成した正負一対の分極性電極とで構成された素子と、この素子を電解液とともに収容するケースとを少なくとも備えていてもよい。本発明の電気二重層キャパシタは、その形状は特に制限されず、コイン型、捲回型など種々の形状を取りうることができる。
試験長5cmのポリビニルアルコール系繊維のトウに荷重0.9gf/500dtexの錘を取り付けたものを試料とし、該試料を500ccの水(20℃)中で吊るし、昇温速度1℃/分で昇温して、繊維が溶断したときの温度を熱水溶解温度とした。
JIS P 8121「パルプの濾水度試験方法」に準じてカナダ標準濾水度を測定した。
試料長さ方向より、100×100mmの試験片を採取し、水分平衡状態の質量を測定し、1m2当りに換算して求めた。
JIS P 8118「紙及び板紙の厚さと密度の試験方法」に準じて測定した。
JIS P8113「紙及び板紙の引張強さ試験方法」に準じて、繊維シートの縦方向の引張強力(kg/15mm)を測定した。
JIS L 1096 6.27「一般織物試験方法 通気性」に準じ、フラジール型試験機にて測定した。
試料を、1モル%の四フッ化ホウ素リチウム液[キシダ化学(株)、1mol/L LiBF4/EC(エチルカーボネート):EMC(エチルメチルカーボネート)(3:7v/v%)]に20℃、30分浸漬し、保液十分な状態(30秒液切りした状態)で、測定雰囲気(20℃×65%)にてインピーダンス測定器[国洋電気工業(株)製:KC-547 LCR METER)で測定した。
熱水溶解温度95℃、繊度0.3dtex、繊維長2mmmのポリビニルアルコール(PVA)繊維(未FA化繊維)(株式会社クラレ製、商品名「VN20200」)(構成繊維1)と、熱水溶解温度72℃、繊度1.1dtex、繊維長3mmのポリビニルアルコール系繊維(株式会社クラレ製、商品名「VPB101」)(構成繊維2)、1.7dtex、繊維長3mmの溶剤紡糸セルロース繊維(レンチング社製、商品名「テンセル」)をパルパーとファイバライザにて叩解し、CSF10mlのフィブリル化したもの(構成繊維3)を調整し、表1に示す割合で構成繊維1,2および3を混合してスラリーを調整し、丸網抄紙機を用いて抄紙し、抄紙後ドライヤー(ドライヤー温度130℃)で乾燥し、ついで熱プレス機で処理温度200℃、線圧100kgf/cmで処理して、シートを作製した。得られたシートの物性を表2に示す。
構成繊維1,2および3の割合を表1に示す割合とするほかは、実施例1と同様にしてシートを作製した。得られたシートの物性を表2に示す。
実施例1と同様の構成繊維1、構成繊維2および構成繊維3を同じ配合比率で混合してスラリーを調製し、実施例1と同様にして抄紙し、抄紙後ドライヤーで乾燥、ついで熱プレス機で処理して、目付10g/m2、厚さ20μm、密度0.50g/m3のシートを作製した。なお、厚さの調整は熱プレス機のクリアランスを調整して行った。得られたシートの物性を表2に示す。
実施例1と同様の構成繊維1、構成繊維2および構成繊維3を同じ配合比率で混合してスラリーを調製し、実施例1と同様にして抄紙し、抄紙後ドライヤーで乾燥、ついで熱プレス機で処理して、目付9g/m2、厚さ25μm、密度0.36g/m3のシートを作製した。なお、厚さの調整は熱プレス機のクリアランスを調整して行った。得られたシートの物性を表2に示す。
構成繊維1,2および3の割合を表1に示す割合とするほかは、実施例1と同様にしてシートを作製した。得られたシートの物性を表2に示す。
構成繊維1,2および3の割合を表1に示す割合とするほかは、実施例1と同様にしてシートを作製した。得られたシートの物性を表2に示す。
実施例1と同様の構成繊維1、構成繊維2および構成繊維3を同じ配合比率で混合してスラリーを調製し、実施例1と同様にして抄紙し、抄紙後ドライヤーで乾燥、ついで熱プレス機で処理して、目付11g/m2、厚さ13μm、密度0.85g/m3のシートを作製した。なお、厚さの調整は熱プレス機のクリアランスを調整して行った。得られたシートの物性を表2に示す。
実施例1の構成繊維1に代えて、熱水溶解温度が100℃より高いポリビニルアルコール(PVA)繊維(株式会社クラレ製、商品名「VN30200」)を用い、実施例1の構成繊維3に代えて、1.7dtex、繊維長3mmの溶剤紡糸セルロース繊維(レンチング社製、商品名「テンセル」)をディスクリファイナーにて叩解し、フィブリル化したもの(CSF150ml)を用い、さらに構成繊維1,2および3の割合を表1に示す割合にする以外は、実施例1と同様にしてシートを作製した。得られたシートの物性を表2に示す。
実施例1の構成繊維3に代えて、1.7dtex、繊維長3mmの溶剤紡糸セルロース繊維(レンチング社製、商品名「テンセル」)をディスクリファイナーにて叩解し、フィブリル化したもの(CSF150ml)を用いる以外は、実施例1と同様にしてシートを作製した。得られたシートの物性を表2に示す。
実施例1の構成繊維1に代えて、熱水溶解温度が100℃より高いポリビニルアルコール(PVA)繊維(株式会社クラレ製、商品名「VN30200」)を用いる以外は、実施例1と同様にしてシートを作製した。得られたシートの物性を表2に示す。
(2)構成繊維1の配合率を高くした場合、その強度および通気性が高くなるとともに電気抵抗をさらに低減させることができる(実施例3および6)。
(3)実施例1と比べ、シートの密度を高くした場合でも、所定の範囲であればセパレータに求められる特性を維持できる(実施例4)。
(4)実施例1と比べ、シートの密度が低くした場合、強度的特性を維持しつつ、電気抵抗を低くすることが可能である(実施例5)。
(5)構成繊維1を全く含まない場合(比較例1)や、構成繊維1の割合が低い場合(比較例2)と、構成繊維1の熱水溶解温度が高くなりすぎる(比較例4および6)と、強度的性質、強度/厚さ比において見劣りがする。
(6)厚みが薄くなる場合であっても、密度が高い場合には、電気抵抗を低減させることが困難である(比較例3)。
(7)密度が所定の範囲であっても、厚みが厚すぎる場合、電気抵抗を低減させることが困難である(比較例5)。
Claims (7)
- 熱水溶解温度が100℃よりも低く、85℃よりも高いポリビニルアルコール系繊維(繊維A)を10質量%以上(繊維シート100質量%に対して)配合して形成された繊維シートからなり、密度が0.25~0.7g/cm3の範囲内であり、厚さが5μm以上40μm未満の範囲内にある電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータ。
- 前記繊維Aに、熱水溶解温度が80℃未満のポリビニルアルコール系繊維(繊維B)がさらに配合された繊維シートからなる、請求項1に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータ。
- 前記繊維Aと繊維Bとの質量比が、A/B=40/60~99/1である、請求項2に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータ。
- さらに、セルロース系繊維が配合して形成された繊維シートからなる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータ。
- 前記セルロース系繊維が、有機溶剤系セルロース系繊維または天然セルロース繊維の叩解物である請求項4に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータ。
- 前記セパレータは、下記の要件(1)および(2)を満たす請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータ。
1.セパレータの厚さが5~30μmの範囲内にあること。
2.セパレータの縦方向強度(kg/15mm)/厚さ(μm)>0.025 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータを具備してなる電気二重層キャパシタ。
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WO2019131588A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-04 | 株式会社クラレ | セパレータおよび該セパレータからなるアルカリマンガン乾電池用セパレータ |
JPWO2019131588A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-26 | 2021-01-07 | 株式会社クラレ | セパレータおよび該セパレータからなるアルカリマンガン乾電池用セパレータ |
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US11450922B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2022-09-20 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Separator, and separator for alkaline manganese dry battery comprising same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US10020124B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
JP6129209B2 (ja) | 2017-05-17 |
JPWO2014103992A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
EP2940703A1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
KR20150100769A (ko) | 2015-09-02 |
US20150294801A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
CN104885173B (zh) | 2018-03-02 |
KR101827617B1 (ko) | 2018-02-08 |
EP2940703B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
CN104885173A (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
EP2940703A4 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
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