WO2011055756A1 - ジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体 - Google Patents
ジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011055756A1 WO2011055756A1 PCT/JP2010/069623 JP2010069623W WO2011055756A1 WO 2011055756 A1 WO2011055756 A1 WO 2011055756A1 JP 2010069623 W JP2010069623 W JP 2010069623W WO 2011055756 A1 WO2011055756 A1 WO 2011055756A1
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- 0 CCN(CC)c(cc1)ccc1N(c1ccc(C=C(c2ccccc2)c2ccc(C)cc2)cc1)c1cc(C=C(c2ccc(*)cc2)c2ccc(*)cc2)c(cccc2)c2c1 Chemical compound CCN(CC)c(cc1)ccc1N(c1ccc(C=C(c2ccccc2)c2ccc(C)cc2)cc1)c1cc(C=C(c2ccc(*)cc2)c2ccc(*)cc2)c(cccc2)c2c1 0.000 description 2
- OEBNDRUHPWWAST-SKLGIOGNSA-N C/C=C(/C=CC=C1)\C1=C/C=C Chemical compound C/C=C(/C=CC=C1)\C1=C/C=C OEBNDRUHPWWAST-SKLGIOGNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYFFAVRFJWYYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 Chemical compound CN(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 DYFFAVRFJWYYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIYUUSHPVMKTMX-VPNXXENTSA-N Cc(cc(cc1)OC)c1N(c1ccc(/C=C/C=C(c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)cc1)c1c(cccc2)c2c(/C=C/C=C(c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc(cc1)OC)c1N(c1ccc(/C=C/C=C(c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)cc1)c1c(cccc2)c2c(/C=C/C=C(c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)cc1 KIYUUSHPVMKTMX-VPNXXENTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQGAKXPZSANXIL-FLWWEAGHSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1/C(/c(cc1)ccc1OC)=C\c(cc1)c(cccc2)c2c1N(c(cc1)ccc1/C(/c1ccccc1)=C/C=C(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1)c(cc1)ccc1-c1nc(C)ccc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1/C(/c(cc1)ccc1OC)=C\c(cc1)c(cccc2)c2c1N(c(cc1)ccc1/C(/c1ccccc1)=C/C=C(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1)c(cc1)ccc1-c1nc(C)ccc1 IQGAKXPZSANXIL-FLWWEAGHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZMLRFHHOKGOPQ-QGOAFFKASA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1C(c1ccc(C)cc1)=Cc(cc1)ccc1N(c(cc1)c(C)cc1OC)c1c(cccc2)c2c(/C=C/C=C(c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1C(c1ccc(C)cc1)=Cc(cc1)ccc1N(c(cc1)c(C)cc1OC)c1c(cccc2)c2c(/C=C/C=C(c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)cc1 QZMLRFHHOKGOPQ-QGOAFFKASA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTENFZMEHKCNMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(c1cccc(c(Br)c2)c11)c3cc(Br)c(cccc45)c4c3-c1c2C5=O Chemical compound O=C(c1cccc(c(Br)c2)c11)c3cc(Br)c(cccc45)c4c3-c1c2C5=O HTENFZMEHKCNMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1ccccc1 Chemical compound c1ccccc1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/58—Naphthylamines; N-substituted derivatives thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0612—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing nitrogen
- G03G5/0614—Amines
- G03G5/06142—Amines arylamine
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0612—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing nitrogen
- G03G5/0614—Amines
- G03G5/06142—Amines arylamine
- G03G5/06147—Amines arylamine alkenylarylamine
- G03G5/061473—Amines arylamine alkenylarylamine plural alkenyl groups linked directly to the same aryl group
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diphenylnaphthylamine derivative which has a high carrier mobility and is useful as a charge transport agent used in electrophotographic photoreceptors.
- inorganic photoconductive materials amorphous silicon, amorphous selenium, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide and the like are known.
- Inorganic photoreceptors formed using such inorganic photoconductive materials have been widely adopted in the field of electrophotography.
- selenium and cadmium sulfide must be recovered as poisonous substances, selenium is inferior in heat resistance for crystallization by heat, cadmium sulfide and zinc oxide are inferior in moisture resistance, and zinc oxide is not in printing durability.
- an organic photoreceptor in which an organic photosensitive layer containing a charge generating agent and a charge transporting agent as a photoconductive material is provided on a conductive substrate has become the mainstream.
- a photosensitive layer formed on a conductive substrate includes a single-layer type in which a charge generating agent and a charge transport agent are dispersed in a resin binder, and the photosensitive layer includes
- a multilayer type composed of a charge generation layer in which a charge generation agent is dispersed in a resin binder and a charge transport layer in which a charge transfer agent is dispersed in a resin binder is known.
- Both types of organic photoreceptors have advantages such as being lighter than inorganic photoreceptors and being easy to form a photosensitive layer, and also have the advantage of having a small impact on the environment. ing.
- the charge transport agent efficiently receives the carrier (positive charge or negative charge) generated by the charge generating agent by light irradiation when an electric field is applied, and quickly moves in the photosensitive layer. In addition, characteristics such as rapid disappearance of charged charges on the surface of the photosensitive layer are required.
- the speed at which carriers move per unit electric field is called carrier mobility, and high carrier mobility means that carriers move fast in the photosensitive layer (or in the charge transport layer). This carrier mobility is specific to the compound used as the charge transport agent, and therefore, it is necessary to use a compound with high carrier mobility as the charge transport agent.
- the charge transport agent and the charge generator are dissolved in an organic solvent together with a resin binder, applied and dried (removal of the organic solvent) to form a photosensitive layer. Accordingly, the charge transport agent is also required to have a property that a homogeneous photosensitive layer can be formed without crystal precipitation or pinholes. If there are crystal-precipitated portions or pinholes in the photosensitive layer, dielectric breakdown will occur in these portions, and image defects will occur when an image is formed by electrophotography. .
- an object of the present invention is to have a high carrier mobility, no crystal precipitation or pinhole generation during the formation of the photosensitive layer, and not only a stable formation of the photosensitive layer but also a high sensitivity and a low residual potential. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel compound useful as a charge transfer agent capable of producing an organic photoconductor for electrophotography. Another object of the present invention is to provide a charge transport agent comprising the above compound and an electrophotographic organic photoreceptor comprising the charge transport agent in a photosensitive layer.
- a diphenylnaphthylamine derivative represented by the following general formula (1) is provided.
- j represents an integer of 0 to 4
- k represents an integer of 0 to 5
- l represents an integer of 0 to 6
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different from each other, and are an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; a halogen atom; an aromatic hydrocarbon group; A polycyclic aromatic group; an aromatic heterocyclic group; and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 or 6 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic group as a substituent.
- R 1 , R 2 or R 3 When there are a plurality of R 1 , R 2 or R 3 , a plurality of R 1 , R 2 or R 3 may be the same or different from each other, and may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- X 1 represents the following general formula (1a); Where m represents 0 or 1; R 4 to R 8 may be the same as or different from each other, and may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a condensed polycyclic aromatic.
- R 7 and R 8 may form a ring together, and when R 7 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R 8 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed poly group.
- a ring aromatic group or an aromatic heterocyclic group Represents a monovalent group represented by: X 2 represents the following general formula (1b); Where n represents 0 or 1, R 9 to R 13 may be the same as or different from each other, a hydrogen atom, Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and R 12 and R 13 together May form a ring, When R 12 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R 13 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group or an aromatic heterocyclic group; The monovalent group represented by these is represented.
- r 63 to r 67 may be the same as or different from each other, and each represents an integer of 0 to 5, R 63 to R 67 may be the same as or different from each other and have 1 carbon atom.
- a charge transport agent comprising the above diphenylnaphthylamine derivative.
- an electrophotographic organic photoreceptor having an organic photosensitive layer provided on a conductive substrate, wherein the organic photosensitive layer contains the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative as a charge transport agent.
- An organic photoconductor for electrophotography is provided.
- the organic photosensitive layer is a laminated photosensitive layer comprising a charge generating layer in which a charge generating agent is dispersed in a resin binder and a charge transporting layer in which the charge transporting agent is dispersed in a resin binder.
- the organic photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer in which a charge generator and the charge transport agent are dispersed in a resin binder, Is preferred.
- the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the present invention represented by the general formula (1) described above is a novel compound and has a high carrier mobility.
- This diphenylnaphthylamine derivative is used for the production of an organic photoconductor for electrophotography. It is extremely useful as a charge transport agent.
- the organic photoreceptor containing the above-mentioned diphenylnaphthylamine derivative as a charge transport agent is free of crystal precipitation and pinholes during formation of the photosensitive layer (during film formation), has high sensitivity, and has a small residual potential.
- the surface potential does not fluctuate, sensitivity decreases, residual potential accumulates, and the durability is excellent.
- Example 2 is an NMR spectrum of the compound of Example 1 (Exemplary Compound 25). It is a NMR spectrum of the compound of Example 2 (Exemplary Compound 26). 2 is an NMR spectrum of the compound of Example 3 (Exemplary Compound 27).
- the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the present invention is represented by the following general formula (1).
- j represents the number of R 1 groups and represents an integer of 0 to 4
- k represents the number of R 2 groups
- l represents an R 3 group.
- the R 1 to R 3 groups and the groups X 1 and X 2 are as follows.
- R 1 to R 3 groups may be the same as or different from each other, and may be an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, or a di-substituted group.
- One of the amino groups may be the same as or different from each other, and may be an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, or a di-substituted group.
- One of the amino groups may be an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, or a di-substituted group.
- the above alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and this alkyl group may be linear or branched. Specific examples of such an alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, a tert-butyl group, and an isopropyl group.
- the alkoxy group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkoxy group may be linear or branched. Specific examples of the alkoxy group include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group and the like.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group or the condensed polycyclic aromatic group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, and a pyrenyl group.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include pyridyl group, pyrrolyl group, thienyl group, furyl group, carbazolyl group, and pyronyl group.
- a di-substituted amino group is one in which two substituents are bonded to the nitrogen atom, and this substituent is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (which may be linear or branched), A group consisting of an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (which may be linear or branched, such as an allyl group), an aralkyl group (for example, benzyl group, phenethyl group), an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group More selected.
- specific examples of the alkyl group, the aromatic hydrocarbon group, and the aromatic heterocyclic group include those exemplified above.
- disubstituted amino group having a substituent as described above examples include dialkylamino groups such as dimethylamino group and diethylamino group; diarylamino groups such as diphenylamino group and dinaphthylamino group; dibenzylamino group and diphenethyl A diaralkylamino group such as an amino group; a diheteroarylamino group such as a dipyridylamino group and a dithienylamino group; a dialkenylamino group such as a diallylamino group;
- R 1 groups, R 2 groups or R 3 groups When a plurality of R 1 groups, R 2 groups or R 3 groups are present (when j, k or l is an integer of 2 or more), a plurality of R 1 groups, R 2 groups or R 3 groups are present. May be different from each other, or may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- alkyl group, alkoxy group, aromatic hydrocarbon group, condensed polycyclic aromatic group and aromatic heterocyclic group described above may have a substituent, and further, the above-described disubstituted amino group has.
- the substituent may further have a substituent. Examples of such substituents include the following groups on condition that a predetermined number of carbon atoms is satisfied.
- a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom
- An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (which may be linear or branched), for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, hexyl group, isopropyl group;
- An alkenyl group such as an allyl group
- Aralkyl groups such as benzyl, naphthylmethyl, phenethyl groups
- An aryloxy group such as a phenoxy group, a tolyloxy group;
- An arylalkoxy group such as a benzyloxy group, a phenethyloxy group
- a particularly preferred group is a methyl group or a phenyl group.
- the X 1 group is a monovalent group represented by the following formula (1a).
- R 4 to R 8 may be the same as or different from each other, and may be a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a straight chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, A branched alkoxy group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group or an aromatic heterocyclic group is represented.
- R 4 to R 8 groups include the same groups as those exemplified for the aforementioned R 1 to R 3 groups. Further, these R 4 to R 8 groups may also have the same substituent as the R 1 to R 3 groups described above.
- R 8 when R 7 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R 8 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group.
- R 7 and R 8 may form a ring together.
- R 7 and R 8 may be bonded directly or via a methylene group, an ethylene group, a carbonyl group, a vinylidene group, an ethylenylene group, or the like to contain a carbocyclic group, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or the like.
- a cyclic group may be formed.
- the X 2 group is a monovalent group represented by the following formula (1b).
- R 9 to R 13 may be the same or different from each other, and are a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear or branched group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Represents an alkoxy group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group or an aromatic heterocyclic group. Specific examples of these R 9 to R 13 groups can include the same groups as those exemplified for the R 1 to R 3 groups described above.
- examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, a tert-butyl group, and an isopropyl group.
- examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group and the like.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group or the condensed polycyclic aromatic group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, and a pyrenyl group.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include pyridyl group, pyrrolyl group, thienyl group, furyl group, carbazolyl group, and pyronyl group. Further, these R 9 to R 13 groups may have the same substituents as the R 1 to R 3 groups described above.
- R 12 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group among the R 9 to R 13 groups
- R 13 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group.
- R 12 and R 13 may jointly form a ring in the same manner as R 7 and R 8 described above.
- R 12 and R 13 may be bonded directly or via a methylene group, an ethylene group, a carbonyl group, a vinylidene group, an ethylenylene group, or the like to contain a carbocyclic group, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or the like.
- a cyclic group may be formed.
- diphenylnaphthylamine derivative represented by the general formula (1) described above are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these compounds.
- o is a number corresponding to j in the general formula (1) and represents an integer of 0 to 4
- p is a number corresponding to k in the general formula (1)
- 0 to 5 Q is a number corresponding to l in the general formula (1), and represents an integer of 0 to 6.
- R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are groups corresponding to R 1 , R 2, or R 3 in the general formula (1), respectively
- X 1 is 1 represented by the general formula (1a).
- X 2 represents a monovalent group represented by the general formula (1b).
- the positions of the diarylamino group and the X 2 group bonded to the naphthalene ring are limited to specific positions.
- exemplified compounds 1 to 64, 67 to 72, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 84 to 89, 92 to 94, 96 to 99 are represented by the general formula (1 ′). It is a diphenylnaphthylamine derivative represented.
- diphenylnaphthylamine derivatives represented by the general formula (1 ′) those represented by the following general formula (1 ′′) or general formula (1 ′ ′′) are preferable. is there.
- r 63 to r 67 may be the same as or different from each other, and represent an integer of 0 to 5.
- R 63 to R 67 which may be the same or different from each other, are an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; a halogen atom; an aromatic hydrocarbon group; Ring aromatic group; aromatic heterocyclic group; and as a substituent, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic ring
- R 63 to R 67 are the same groups as R 1 to R 3 in the general formula (1) described above, and specific examples thereof include those exemplified for R 1 to R 3.
- R 63, R 64, R 65 , R 66 or R 67 there are a plurality, a plurality of R 63, R 64, R 65 , R 66 or R 67 are each be the same or different from each other They may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative represented by the general formula (1 ′′) or the general formula (1 ′ ′′) as described above is particularly excellent in charge transporting agent characteristics among the diphenylnaphthylamine derivatives represented by the general formula (1). And is most preferably used as a charge transport agent for the production of an organic photoconductor for electrophotography.
- diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the present invention can be synthesized using a diphenylnaphthylamine compound represented by the following general formula (2) as a raw material.
- R 1 to R 3 , j, k, and l are the same as those in the general formula (1).
- diphenylnaphthylamine compound is a known compound and is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-066023 (Patent Document 14).
- This diphenyl naphthyl amine compound, introducing a group X 1, followed by introducing X 2 group, can be produced diphenyl naphthyl amine derivative of the present invention represented by the general formula (1) described above.
- R 1 to R 3 , j, k, and l are as shown in the general formula (1), and R 17 has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group or an aromatic heterocyclic group is represented.
- R 17 is a group corresponding to R 4 or R 6 (excluding a hydrogen atom) in the general formula (1a) representing the X 1 group.
- the introduced carbonyl group (formyl group or ketone group) is converted into an X 1 group represented by the general formula (1a) by using a wittig reaction, thereby introducing the X 1 group.
- a formylating agent such as N-dimethylformamide or N-methylformanilide may be reacted.
- Such a reaction is usually carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, such as o-dichlorobenzene or benzene, but it can also be used as a reaction solvent by using a large excess of the above formylating agent.
- a carbonyl compound of the above general formula (3 ′) by introducing a carbonyl group (ketone group) into a diphenylnaphthylamine compound, the compound in the presence of a Lewis acid such as aluminum chloride, iron chloride or zinc chloride is used.
- a Lewis acid such as aluminum chloride, iron chloride or zinc chloride is used.
- a naphthylamine compound and an acid chloride (R 17 COCl) may be reacted.
- Such a reaction is generally performed using a solvent inert to the reaction such as nitrobenzene, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride and the like.
- the value of m of the introduced X 1 group is 1, and the halogen compound of the general formula (4 ′) (or the corresponding one) If the Wittig reagent is used, the value of m of the introduced X 1 group is 0.
- the above reaction is performed using an organic solvent inert to the reaction such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, benzene, toluene and the like.
- an organic solvent inert such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, benzene, toluene and the like.
- a Wittig reagent obtained by allowing a trialkoxyline compound to act on the halogen compound is reacted with the carbonyl compound of the general formula (3) or (3 ′). You can also.
- reaction temperature in the Wittig reaction is preferably in the range of 10 to 200 ° C, particularly 20 to 100 ° C.
- this Wittig reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a basic catalyst such as n-butyllithium, phenyllithium, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide.
- R 18 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, Is synthesized.
- R 18 becomes a hydrogen atom
- R 18 COCl an acid chloride
- R 18 becomes a group other than a hydrogen atom.
- the above R 18 groups is a group corresponding to R 9 or R 11 in the general formula (1b) showing a X 2 group.
- the carbonyl compound of the general formula (6) obtained as described above is subjected to a Wittig reaction in the same manner as in the case of introducing the X 1 group, whereby the general formula (1), particularly the general formula (1 ′),
- the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the present invention represented by the general formula (1 ′′) or the general formula (1 ′ ′′) can be obtained.
- the introduction of the carbonyl group (formyl group) when introducing the X 1 group or X 2 group described above is performed by introducing a halogen atom into the benzene ring by a known halogenation reaction, and then reacting with magnesium or lithium.
- an organometallic compound can be obtained, and this organometallic compound can be reacted with N, N-dimethylformamide.
- the halogenation reaction is described in detail in, for example, the 4th edition, Experimental Chemistry Course 19 (pp. 363 to 482, edited by the Chemical Society of Japan, 1992).
- the reaction between an organometallic compound and dimethylformamide is described in This is described in detail in the 4th edition, Experimental Chemistry Course 21 (p23-44, p179-196, edited by the Chemical Society of Japan, 1991).
- the double bond in the general formula (1a) or the general formula (1b) represents either a cis form, a trans form, or a form in which the cis form and the trans form are mixed. .
- the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the present invention thus obtained has a high charge mobility and is suitably used as a charge transport agent for an electrophotographic organic photoreceptor. It can also be used as a material for an organic electroluminescence (EL) element.
- EL organic electroluminescence
- Organic photoreceptor using the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the present invention as a charge transport agent is obtained by forming a photosensitive layer containing a charge generator together with the charge transport agent on a conductive substrate, and this photosensitive layer is a charge transport agent. Consisting of a single layer containing a charge generating agent and a charge generating agent (single layer type photosensitive layer), and a photosensitive layer comprising a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting agent and a charge generating layer containing a charge generating agent (lamination) Type of photosensitive layer).
- a conductive material used in a well-known electrophotographic photoreceptor can be used as the conductive substrate for supporting the photosensitive layer.
- a sheet of a metal or an alloy such as copper, aluminum, silver, iron, zinc, or nickel, or a sheet of the sheet formed in a drum shape can be used.
- these metals can be vacuum-deposited or electrolytically plated on plastic films or cylinders, or conductive compounds such as conductive polymers, indium oxide, tin oxide can be applied or vapor-deposited on glass, paper, plastic films, etc. The one provided by is also used.
- the formation of the photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate can be performed by vapor deposition depending on the type of the photosensitive layer (in the case of a laminated photosensitive layer), but is usually performed using a resin binder. That is, a charge transporting agent or a charge generating agent is dissolved in an organic solvent together with a resin binder to prepare a coating solution, and this coating solution is applied on a conductive substrate and dried to obtain a single layer type or a laminated type.
- a photosensitive layer can be formed.
- thermoplastic or thermosetting resin conventionally used for forming the photosensitive layer
- resin binder a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin conventionally used for forming the photosensitive layer
- specific examples include (meth) acrylic resins such as polyacrylate and polymethacrylate, polyamide resins, acrylonitrile resins, vinyl chloride resins, acetal resins, butyral resins, vinyl acetate resins, polystyrene resins, polyolefin resins, cellulose esters, phenol resins.
- Epoxy resin polyester, alkyd resin, silicone resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, polyimide resin, and the like.
- organic photoconductive polymers such as polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl anthracene, and polyvinyl pyrene can also be used as the resin binder.
- a polycarbonate resin is preferably used as the binder resin for the charge transport layer of the laminated photosensitive layer.
- R 19 and R 20 may be the same or different from each other, and are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Or a halogen atom represents an optionally substituted phenyl group, and may form a ring together
- R 21 to R 28 may be the same or different from each other and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group; s represents a positive integer
- the polycarbonate resin which has a repeating unit represented by these is mentioned.
- polycarbonate resins having a repeating unit represented by the formula (A) the following polycarbonate resins can be exemplified.
- a copolymer polycarbonate resin containing bisphenol A, bisphenol Z, and biphenol as structural units is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 4-179961, for example, the following formula (D);
- R 19 to R 28 are the same as R 19 to R 28 in formula (A) described above
- R 29 to R 36 may be the same or different from each other, and may be a hydrogen atom, A halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group;
- the bisphenol A / biphenol type polycarbonate resin represented by these is mentioned.
- a polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit of the formula (A) in addition to the polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit of the formula (A), a polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit of the following formulas (F) to (I) can also be suitably used.
- R 37 , R 38 and R 39 may be the same or different from each other, and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a condensed polycyclic aromatic.
- Polycarbonate resin which has a repeating unit represented by these.
- Such copolymer polycarbonate resin is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-222581.
- a charge transport agent for example, a diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the general formula (1) etc.
- the charge generating agent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve or disperse the charge generating agent, but generally, those exemplified below are used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol; Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone; Amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide; Sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dioxolane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether; Esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate; Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene; Aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene; Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene
- the coating solution using the organic solvent is prepared by dissolving or dispersing a charge transport agent and a charge generator in the organic solvent in addition to the resin binder, depending on the form of the photosensitive layer to be formed. That is, in the case of forming a single-layer type photosensitive layer, a coating solution is prepared by adding a charge transport agent, a charge generator and a resin binder to an organic solvent. In the case of forming a laminated photosensitive layer, a charge transport layer coating solution obtained by adding a charge transport agent and a resin binder to an organic solvent, and a charge obtained by adding a charge generator and a resin binder to the organic solvent. A coating solution for the generation layer is prepared.
- the various coating solutions described above may contain various additives as required for the purpose of further improving the stability and coating properties of the coating solution and the charge characteristics and durability of the photosensitive layer.
- Additives include plasticizers such as biphenylene compounds, m-phenyl compounds and dibutyl phthalates; surface lubricants such as silicone oils, graft-type silicone polymers and various fluorocarbons; potential stabilizers such as dicyanovinyl compounds and carbazole derivatives; Monophenol antioxidants such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; bisphenol antioxidants; amine antioxidants such as 4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane; salicylic acid Antioxidants; antioxidants such as tocophenol; ultraviolet absorbers; sensitizers; These additives are appropriately used in amounts that do not impair the properties of the photosensitive layer and the coating properties of the coating solution.
- the above-described coating liquid can be applied by a method known per se, such as dip coating, spray coating, spinner coating, Meyer bar coating, blade coating, roller coating, curtain coating, etc.
- the coating method can be used.
- the desired photosensitive layer is formed by drying the coating layer of the coating solution.
- the charge transport layer or the charge generation layer is formed thereon.
- the drying is preferably performed by heating after holding the coating layer at room temperature. Such heating is preferably performed at a temperature of 30 to 200 ° C. for 5 minutes to 2 hours with no wind or air.
- an undercoat layer may be formed on the conductive substrate, and the photosensitive layer may be formed on the undercoat layer.
- This undercoat layer is for improving the barrier function for preventing deterioration of the surface of the conductive substrate and the adhesion between the photosensitive layer and the surface of the conductive substrate.
- resin such as ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide such as nylon, polyurethane, gelatin or the like, a resin layer in which a metal oxide such as aluminum oxide layer or titanium oxide is dispersed.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m. This is because if the undercoat layer is excessively thick, there is a disadvantage that the residual potential of the photosensitive member increases due to an increase in the resistance value.
- a protective layer can be appropriately formed on the photosensitive layer formed as described above to prevent deterioration of the photosensitive layer due to ozone, nitrogen oxides, etc., or abrasion of the photosensitive layer.
- the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the general formula (1) is used as the charge transport agent in the photosensitive layer formed as described above.
- the amount of the naphthylamine derivative used varies depending on the type of the photosensitive layer to be formed, but is generally in the range of 10 to 1000 parts by weight, preferably in the range of 30 to 500 parts by weight, more preferably, per 100 parts by weight of the resin binder. It is preferably present in the charge transport layer of the single layer type photosensitive layer or the multilayer type photosensitive layer within the range of 40 to 200 parts by weight.
- a charge transport agent other than the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative may be used in an amount within a range that does not impair the excellent characteristics of the naphthylamine derivative.
- Examples of other charge transport agents (1) The following general formula (8); Where R 40 and R 41 may be the same or different from each other and have 1 carbon atom. To 4 lower alkyl groups, aromatic hydrocarbon groups, condensed polycyclic aromatic groups, aralkyl groups, R 42 and R 43 may be the same or different from each other and have 1 carbon atom.
- a hydrazone compound represented by: Such hydrazone compounds are disclosed in, for example, JP-B-55-04380 (Patent Document 6), JP-A-60-340999 (Patent Document 10), JP-A-61-023154 (Patent Document 11) and the like. It is disclosed.
- R 45 to R 56 may be the same or different from each other, and may be a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogenoalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 57 to R 60 may be the same as or different from each other and have 1 carbon atom.
- Ar 1 and Ar 3 may be the same as or different from each other, each represents a phenylene group
- Ar 2 is a monovalent or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon divalent group or aromatic heterocycle having 4 to 14 carbon atoms. Represents a divalent group of the ring, Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 may have a substituent having 1 carbon atom.
- a distyryl compound represented by the formula: Such distyryl compounds are disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 3,873,312 (Patent Document 13).
- the charge generating agent blended in the photosensitive layer is a material that absorbs light and generates charges with high efficiency, and is roughly classified into an inorganic charge generating agent and an organic charge generating agent.
- Known inorganic charge generators include selenium, selenium-tellurium, and amorphous silicon.
- organic charge generators include cationic dyes (for example, thiapyrylium salt dyes, azurenium salt dyes, thiocyanine dyes, quinocyanine dyes), squarium salt pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments (for example, antocyanates).
- Anthrone pigments dibenzpyrenequinone pigments, pyranthrone pigments), indigo pigments, quinacridone pigments, azo pigments, pyrrolopyrrole pigments, perylene pigments, and the like are known.
- each of the inorganic charge generator and the organic charge generator can be used singly or in combination of two or more, but an organic charge generator is particularly suitable.
- phthalocyanine pigments azo pigments, perylene pigments, and polycyclic quinone pigments are particularly preferable, and specific examples thereof are as follows.
- phthalocyanine pigment examples include alkoxytitanium phthalocyanine (Ti (OR) 2 Pc), oxotitanium phthalocyanine (TiOPc), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), metal-free phthalocyanine (H 2 Pc), and hydroxygallium phthalocyanine (HOGaPc). , Vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc), and chloroindium phthalocyanine (ClInPc).
- Ti alkoxytitanium phthalocyanine
- TiOPc oxotitanium phthalocyanine
- CuPc copper phthalocyanine
- H 2 Pc metal-free phthalocyanine
- HOGaPc hydroxygallium phthalocyanine
- VOPc Vanadyl phthalocyanine
- ClInPc chloroindium phthalocyanine
- examples of TiOPc include ⁇ -type-TiOPc, ⁇ -type-TiOPc, ⁇ -type-TiOPc, m-type-TiOPc, Y-type-TiOPc, A-type-TiOPc, B-type-TiOPc, and TiOPc amorphous.
- examples of 2 Pc include ⁇ -type -H 2 Pc, ⁇ -type -H 2 Pc, ⁇ -type -H 2 Pc, and x-type -H 2 Pc.
- Examples of the azo pigment include monoazo compounds, bisazo compounds, and trisazo compounds, but bisazo compounds represented by the following structural formulas (J) to (L) and trisazo compounds represented by the following structural formula (M) are particularly preferable. .
- Cp 1 and Cp 2 may be the same or different from each other, and represent a group represented by the following formula (11) or the following formula (12).
- a bisazo compound of structural formula (K) A bisazo compound of structural formula (K);
- Cp 1 and Cp 2 may be the same or different from each other, and represent a group represented by the formula (11) or (12).
- Cp 3 represents a group represented by the following structural formula (13).
- Structural formula (N) In the formula, R 61 and R 62 may be the same or different from each other, and represent a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a condensed polycyclic aromatic group.
- Structural formula (O) In the formula, R 61 and R 62 may be the same or different from each other, and represent a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a condensed polycyclic aromatic group.
- the proportion of the charge generating agent in the photosensitive layer varies depending on the type of the photosensitive layer. In general, in the case of a single-layer photosensitive layer, 0.2 to 40 parts by mass, particularly 0.5 to An amount of 20 parts by mass is preferable, and in the charge generation layer in the laminated photosensitive layer, an amount of 30 to 400 parts by mass, particularly 60 to 300 parts by mass is preferable per 100 parts by mass of the resin binder.
- the thickness of the above-described photosensitive layer is about 5 to 100 ⁇ m, particularly about 15 to 45 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the charge generation layer is 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m, particularly about 0.05 to 2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the charge transport layer is about 5 to 40 ⁇ m, particularly about 10 to 30 ⁇ m. It is preferable.
- the charge transport layer in the stacked photosensitive layer is electrically connected to the charge generation layer, thereby receiving charge carriers injected from the charge generation layer in the presence of an electric field and receiving these charge carriers in the photosensitive layer. It can have a function of transporting to the surface.
- the charge transport layer may be laminated on or under the charge generation layer, but from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of the charge generation layer, It is preferable that they are laminated.
- An electrophotographic organic photoreceptor provided with a photosensitive layer containing the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative represented by the general formula (1) as a charge transport agent is used for the precipitation of crystals and pins when forming the photosensitive layer due to the excellent characteristics of the naphthylamine derivative.
- the generation of holes is effectively avoided, the sensitivity is high, the residual potential is low, and a clear image can be formed over a long period even when image formation by electrophotography is repeated.
- the surface of the photoreceptor is charged to a predetermined polarity using, for example, a corona charger, and then light irradiation (image exposure) based on image information is performed.
- An electrostatic latent image is formed, the electrostatic latent image is developed with a developer known per se, a toner image is formed on the surface of the photoreceptor, the toner image is transferred to a predetermined recording material, and a thermal pressure is applied.
- the transfer toner image is fixed on the recording material by a process such as the above.
- the surface of the photoreceptor after the toner image transfer is neutralized by irradiation with neutralizing light, and the remaining toner is removed by a cleaning blade, etc. Provided for the process.
- the structure of the obtained yellow solid was identified by elemental analysis and NMR measurement.
- the NMR spectrum is shown in FIG. Elemental analysis values are as follows. Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Measurement (%) 89.70% 6.15% 1.92% 2.23% Theoretical value (%) 89.67% 6.11% 1.97% 2.25%
- the obtained yellow solid corresponds to the exemplified compound 25 described above and is a compound represented by the following formula.
- the structure of the obtained yellow solid was identified by elemental analysis and NMR measurement.
- the NMR spectrum is shown in FIG.
- the elemental analysis values are as follows. Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Measurement (%) 89.54% 6.44% 1.87% 2.14% Theoretical value (%) 89.51% 6.42% 1.90% 2.17%
- the obtained yellow solid corresponds to the exemplified compound 26 described above and is a compound represented by the following formula.
- the structure of the obtained yellow solid was identified by elemental analysis and NMR measurement.
- the NMR spectrum is shown in FIG.
- the elemental analysis values are as follows. Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Measurement (%) 89.79% 6.19% 1.87% 2.15% Theoretical value (%) 89.76% 6.16% 1.90% 2.17%
- the obtained yellow solid corresponds to the above-described exemplary compound 27 and is a compound represented by the following formula.
- Photoreceptor Example 1 1 part by mass of an alcohol-soluble polyamide (Amilan CM-4000, manufactured by Toray) was dissolved in 13 parts by mass of methanol. To this was added 5 parts by mass of titanium oxide (Taipeke CR-EL, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo) and dispersed for 8 hours with a paint shaker to prepare an undercoat layer coating solution. It applied using the wire bar on the aluminum surface of aluminum vapor deposition PET film, and it dried at 60 degreeC under normal pressure for 1 hour, and formed the undercoat layer with a film thickness of 1 micrometer.
- an alcohol-soluble polyamide Amilan CM-4000, manufactured by Toray
- titanium oxide Tipeke CR-EL, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo
- charge generation agent No. 1 As a charge generation material, the following titanyl phthalocyanine (charge generation agent No. 1) having a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ ⁇ 0.2 ° in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of Cu—K ⁇ having strong peaks at 9.6, 24.1, 27.2. ) was prepared. (Charge generating agent No. 1)
- a binder resin for the charge generation layer a polyvinyl butyral resin (ESREC BL-S, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) was prepared. To 50 parts by mass of a 3% cyclohexanone solution of this polyvinyl butyral resin, 1.5 parts by mass of the charge generator was added and dispersed for 1 hour with an ultrasonic disperser. The obtained dispersion was applied onto the undercoat layer using a wire bar and dried at 110 ° C. for 1 hour under normal pressure to form a 0.6 ⁇ m-thick charge generation layer.
- EREC BL-S polyvinyl butyral resin
- polycarbonate resin (Iupilon Z, manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd.) was prepared as a binder resin for the charge transport layer.
- 1.5 parts by mass of the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative (Exemplary Compound 25) synthesized in Example 1 was added to 18.75 parts by mass of an 8.0% dichloroethane solution of this polycarbonate resin as a charge transport agent, and the resulting mixture was subjected to ultrasonic waves. The diphenylnaphthyl derivative was completely dissolved. This solution was applied onto the charge generation layer with a wire bar and dried at 110 ° C. for 30 minutes under normal pressure to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m. 1 was produced.
- Photoreceptor Examples 2 and 3 Photosensitization was carried out in the same manner as in Photoreceptor Example 1, except that the charge transfer agent used in Photoreceptor Example 1 was replaced with the diphenylnaphthylamine derivatives synthesized in Examples 2 and 3 (Exemplary Compounds 26 and 27). Body No. 2 and 3 were made.
- Photoreceptor Comparative Example 1 For comparison, photosensitization was performed in the same manner as in Photoreceptor Example 1 except that the charge transfer agent used in Photoreceptor Example 1 was replaced with a compound represented by the following structural formula (Comparative Compound No. 1). Body No. 4 was produced. (Comparative Compound No. 1)
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor provided with the photosensitive layer containing the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the present invention as a charge transporting agent has a low residual potential.
- a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m was formed on the aluminum surface of the aluminum vapor-deposited PET film in exactly the same manner as in Photoreceptor Example 4 except that the charge generation agent was used.
- Example 1 0.9 part by mass of the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative (Exemplary Compound 25) of Example 1 was added to 7.38 parts by mass of a 12.2% tetrahydrofuran solution of the polycarbonate resin described above, and the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative was subjected to ultrasonication to It was completely dissolved.
- This solution is applied on the charge generation layer with a wire bar, dried at 110 ° C. for 30 minutes under normal pressure to form a 10 ⁇ m-thick charge transport layer, and then a semi-transparent gold electrode is deposited on the charge transport layer.
- the photosensitive member No. 5 was produced.
- Photoconductor No. 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Photoconductor Example 4 except that the charge transfer agent used in Photoconductor Example 4 was replaced with the diphenylnaphthylamine derivatives of Example 2 and 3 (Exemplary Compounds 26 and 27). 6 and 7 were produced.
- Photoreceptor Comparative Example 2 For comparison, the charge transfer agent used in Photoreceptor Example 4 was compared with Comparative Compound No. 1 used in Photoreceptor Comparative Example 1. Photoconductor No. 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Photoconductor Example 4 except that the photoconductor No. 1 was used. 8 was produced.
- the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the present invention has high carrier mobility.
- the diphenylnaphthylamine derivative of the present invention has high carrier mobility, excellent performance as a charge transport agent, and is extremely useful as a charge transport agent used for forming a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic organic photoreceptor.
- An organic photoconductor for electrophotography having good characteristics such as sensitivity and low residual potential is provided.
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Abstract
Description
このような有機感光体としては、導電性基体上に形成されている感光層が、電荷発生剤と電荷輸送剤とを樹脂バインダーに分散したものからなる単層型のものと、該感光層が、電荷発生剤が樹脂バインダー中に分散されている電荷発生層と電荷輸送剤が樹脂バインダー中に分散された電荷輸送層とからなる積層型のものが知られている。何れのタイプの有機感光体も、無機感光体に比して軽量であり、感光層の形成が容易であるなどの利点を有しており、更に、環境に与える影響が小さいという利点も有している。
本発明の他の目的は、上記の化合物からなる電荷輸送剤及び該電荷輸送剤を感光層中に含む電子写真用有機感光体を提供することにある。
jは0ないし4の整数を表し、
kは0ないし5の整数を表し、
lは0ないし6の整数を表し、
R1、R2、R3は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素原子数
1ないし6のアルキル基;炭素原子数1ないし6のアルコキシ基;ハロ
ゲン原子;芳香族炭化水素基;縮合多環芳香族基;芳香族複素環基;及
び、置換基として炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、炭素原子数2な
いし6のアルケニル基、アラルキル基、芳香族炭化水素基もしくは芳香
族複素環基を有しているジ置換アミノ基;から成る群より選択された基
であり、
R1、R2またはR3が複数存在する場合において、複数のR1、
R2またはR3は、相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合し
て環構造を形成してもよい、
X1は下記一般式(1a);
mは0または1を表し、
R4~R8は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、炭
素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1ないし6のアルコ
キシ基、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基または芳香族複素環
基を表し、R7とR8は共同で環を形成してもよく、R7が水素原子
またはアルキル基である場合、R8は芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環
芳香族基または芳香族複素環基である、
で表される1価基を表し、
X2は下記一般式(1b);
nは0または1を表し、
R9~R13は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、
炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1ないし6のアル
コキシ基、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基または芳香族複素
環基を表し、R12とR13は共同で環を形成してもよく、
R12が水素原子またはアルキル基である場合、R13は芳香族炭
化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基または芳香族複素環基である、
で表される1価基を表す。
oは、前記一般式(1)におけるjに相当する数であり、0ないし4
の整数を表し、
pは、前記一般式(1)におけるkに相当する数であり、0ないし5
の整数を表し、
qは、前記一般式(1)におけるlに相当する数であり、0ないし6
の整数を表し、
R14、R15、R16は、それぞれ、前記一般式(1)における
R1、R2またはR3に相当する基であり、
X1は前記一般式(1a)で表される1価基を表し、
X2は前記一般式(1b)で表される1価基を表す。
r63~r67は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、0ないし5の
整数を表し、
R63~R67は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素原子数1
ないし6のアルキル基;炭素原子数1ないし6のアルコキシ基;ハロゲ
ン原子;芳香族炭化水素基;縮合多環芳香族基;芳香族複素環基;及び
、置換基として、炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、炭素原子数2な
いし6のアルケニル基、アラルキル基、芳香族炭化水素基もしくは芳香
族複素環基を有するジ置換アミノ基;から成る群より選択された基であ
り、
R63、R64、R65、R66またはR67が複数存在する場合に
おいて、複数個のR63、R64、R65、R66またはR67は、そ
れぞれ、相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して環構造を
形成してもよい。
(A)前記有機感光層が、電荷発生剤が樹脂バインダーに分散されている電荷発生層と、前記電荷輸送剤が樹脂バインダーに分散されている電荷輸送層とからなる積層型感光層であること、
(B)前記有機感光層が、電荷発生剤と前記電荷輸送剤とが樹脂バインダーに分散されている単層型感光層であること、
が好適である。
また、上記のジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体を電荷輸送剤として含む有機感光体は、感光層形成時(成膜時)における結晶の析出やピンホールの発生がなく、しかも高感度であり、残留電位が小さく、かつ、電子写真法による画像形成を繰り返し行った場合においても、表面電位の変動や感度の低下、残留電位の蓄積などが少なく、耐久性に優れている。
本発明のジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体は、下記の一般式(1)で表される。
また、R1~R3基、X1及びX2の各基は以下の通りである。
R1~R3基は、それぞれ、相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基、芳香族複素環基及びジ置換アミノ基の何れかである。
かかるアルキル基の具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ヘキシル基、tert-ブチル基、イソプロピル基等を挙げることができる。
かかるアルコキシ基の具体例としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基等を挙げることができる。
上記のような置換基を有するジ置換アミノ基の例としては、ジメチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基などのジアルキルアミノ基;ジフェニルアミノ基、ジナフチルアミノ基などのジアリールアミノ基;ジベンジルアミノ基、ジフェネチルアミノ基などのジアラルキルアミノ基;ジピリジルアミノ基、ジチエニルアミノ基などのジヘテロアリールアミノ基;ジアリルアミノ基などのジアルケニルアミノ基;などを挙げることができる。
このような置換基としては、所定の炭素数を満足することを条件として、以下の基を例示することができる。
水酸基;
ハロゲン原子、例えばフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子;
炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基(直鎖状でも分枝状でもよい)、例えばメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ヘキシル基、イソプロピル基;
炭素原子数1ないし6のアルコキシ基、例えばメトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基;
アルケニル基、例えばアリル基;
アラルキル基、例えばベンジル基、ナフチルメチル基、フェネチル基;
アリールオキシ基、例えばフェノキシ基、トリルオキシ基;
アリールアルコキシ基、例えばベンジルオキシ基、フェネチルオキシ基;
芳香族炭化水素基もしくは縮合多環芳香族基、例えばフェニル基、ナフチル基、アントリル基、ピレニル基;
芳香族複素環基、例えばピリジル基、ピロリル基、チエニル基、フリル基、カルバゾリル基、ピロニル基;
アリールビニル基、例えばスチリル基、ナフチルビニル基;
アシル基、例えばアセチル基、ベンゾイル基;
上記で例示した置換基が複数存在する場合には、これらの置換基は互いに縮合して、単結合を介して或いはメチレン基、エチレン基、カルボニル基、ビニリデン基、エチレニレン基などの2価の基を介して、炭素環基や複素環基(ヘテロ原子として酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子などを含む)を形成してもよい。また、これらの置換基はさらに置換基を有していてもよい。
これらR9~R13基の具体例は、上述したR1~R3基で例示したものと同じ基を挙げることができる。
即ち、上記炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基の例としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ヘキシル基、tert-ブチル基、イソプロピル基等を挙げることができる。
炭素原子数1ないし6のアルコキシ基の例としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロピルオキシ基等を挙げることができる。
芳香族炭化水素基又は縮合多環芳香族基の例としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アントラセニル基、ピレニル基等を挙げることができる。
芳香族複素環基の例としては、ピリジル基、ピロリル基、チエニル基、フリル基、カルバゾリル基、ピロニル基等を挙げることができる。
更に、これらのR9~R13基も前述したR1~R3基と同様の置換基を有していても良い。
また、R14、R15、R16は、それぞれ、前記一般式(1)におけるR1、R2またはR3に相当する基であり、X1は前記一般式(1a)で表される1価基を表し、X2は前記一般式(1b)で表される1価基を表す。
また、R63~R67は、相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基;炭素原子数1ないし6のアルコキシ基;ハロゲン原子;芳香族炭化水素基;縮合多環芳香族基;芳香族複素環基;及び、置換基として、炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、炭素原子数2ないし6のアルケニル基、アラルキル基、芳香族炭化水素基もしくは芳香族複素環基を有するジ置換アミノ基;から成る群より選択された基である。
このようなR63~R67は、前述した一般式(1)中のR1~R3と同様の基であり、その具体例としても、R1~R3で例示したものを挙げることができる。
さらに、R63、R64、R65、R66またはR67が複数存在する場合において、複数個のR63、R64、R65、R66またはR67は、それぞれ、相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。
上述した本発明のジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体は、下記一般式(2)で表されるジフェニルナフチルアミン化合物を原料として用いて合成することができる。
一般式(2)のジフェニルナフチルアミン化合物へX1基を導入するには、先ず、該化合物のN原子に結合しているベンゼン環にカルボニル基(ホルミル基またはケトン基)を導入して、下記一般式(3)又は(3’)で表されるカルボニル化合物を合成する。
尚、R17は、X1基を示す一般式(1a)中のR4又はR6(但し水素原子は除く)に相当する基である。
かかる反応は通常o-ジクロロベンゼン、ベンゼンなど反応に不活性な溶媒を用いて行われるが、上記ホルミル化剤を大過剰に用いて反応溶媒を兼ねさせることもできる。
式中、
R5~R8は、一般式(1a)におけるものと同じであり、
Yは塩素原子、臭素原子などのハロゲン原子を表す、
で表わされるハロゲン化合物とを反応させれば良く、係る反応によって前述した一般式(2)のジフェニルナフチルアミン化合物にX1基が導入される。即ち、下記一般式(5)で表される化合物が得られる。
R1、R2、R3、j、k、lおよびX1は、一般式(1)における
ものと同じである。
また、前記ハロゲン化合物とトリフェニルホスフィンを用いる代わりに、前記ハロゲン化合物にトリアルコキシリン化合物を作用させて得られるWittig試薬を、前記一般式(3)又は(3’)のカルボニル化合物に反応させることもできる。
さらに、このWittig反応は、n-ブチルリチウム、フェニルリチウム、ナトリウムメトキシド、ナトリウムエトキシド、カリウムtert-ブトキシドなどの塩基性触媒存在下で行うことが好適である。
上記の様にしてX1基が導入された一般式(5)の化合物へのX2基の導入は、X1基の導入と同様に、カルボニル基(ホルミル基又はケトン基)を導入してカルボニル化合物を生成せしめ、次いでWittig反応によってカルボニル基をX2基に転換させることにより行われる。
R1、R2、R3、j、k、lおよびX1は、一般式(1)における
ものと同じであり、
R18は、水素原子、炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、芳香族炭
化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基または芳香族複素環基を表す、
で表される化合物を合成する。この反応に際して、ホルミル化を行えば、R18が水素原子となり、酸塩化物(R18COCl)を使用してケトンを得れば、R18は、水素原子以外の基となる。
尚、上記のR18基は、X2基を示す一般式(1b)中のR9又はR11に相当する基である。
Y-CH(R10)-C(R11)=CR12R13 (7)
Y-CH(R12)(R13) (7’)
式中、
Yは塩素原子又は臭素原子等のハロゲン原子であり、
R10~R13は、前記一般式(1b)で示したとおりである、
で表わされるハロゲン化合物或いは該ハロゲン化合物から誘導されるWittig試薬が使用される。
上記のハロゲン化反応については、例えば第4版実験化学講座19(p363~482、日本化学会編、1992年)に詳細に説明されており、有機金属化合物とジメチルホルムアミドとの反応については、第4版実験化学講座21(p23~44、p179~196、日本化学会編、1991年)に詳細に説明されている。
また、得られた化合物の同定は、NMR測定や元素分析によって行うことができる。
本発明のジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体を電荷輸送剤として用いた有機感光体は、導電性基体上に、該電荷輸送剤と共に電荷発生剤を含む感光層を形成したものであり、この感光層が電荷輸送剤と電荷発生剤とを含む単一の層からなるもの(単層型感光層)と、この感光層が電荷輸送剤を含む電荷輸送層と電荷発生剤を含む電荷発生層とからなるもの(積層型感光層)の二つのタイプがある。
R19およびR20は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子
、炭素数1ないし4のアルキル基、炭素数1ないし4のアルコキシ基、
またはハロゲン原子が置換していてもよいフェニル基を表し、共同で環
を形成してもよい、
R21~R28は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、ハ
ロゲン原子、炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1ないし
6のアルコキシ基、またはフェニル基を表わし、
sは正の整数を表す、
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂が挙げられる。
かかる共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂は、特開平4-179961号公報等に開示されており、例えば、下記式(D);
R19~R28は、前述した式(A)におけるR19~R28と同一
であり、
R29~R36は、相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、
ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1ない
し6のアルコキシ基、またはフェニル基を表わし、
R29とR30、R31とR32、R33とR34、R35とR36
はそれぞれ共同で環を形成してもよい、
tとrは前記繰り返し単位のモル数を表し、好ましくは、
t/(t+r)=0.1~0.9を満足する数である、
で表されるビスフェノール/ビフェノール型ポリカーボネート樹脂。
tとrは前記繰り返し単位のモル数を表し、
t/(t+r)=0.85である、
で表されるビスフェノールA/ビフェノール型ポリカーボネート樹脂が挙げられる。
R37、R38、R39は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素
原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、シクロアル
キル基、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基または芳香族炭化水素基
もしくは縮合多環芳香族基で置換されたアルキル基を表し、
sは正の整数を表す、
で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂。
かかる共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂は、特開平6-222581号公報等に開示されている。
a、b、c、sは正の整数を表す、
または下記式(I);
d、e、f、g、sは正の整数を表す、
で表される繰り返し単位を有するシロキサン型ポリカーボネート樹脂。
かかる共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂は、特開平5-088398号公報(特許文献3)や特開平11-065136号公報等に開示されている。
メタノール、エタノール、2-プロパノールなどのアルコール類;
アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン類;
N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミドなどのアミド類;
ジメチルスルホキシドなどのスルホキシド類;
テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジオキソラン、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、tert-ブチルメチルエーテルなどのエーテル類;
酢酸エチル、酢酸メチルなどのエステル類;
塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、1,2-ジクロロエタン、ジクロロエチレン、四塩化炭素、トリクロロエチレンなどの脂肪族ハロゲン化炭化水素類;
クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼンなどの芳香族ハロゲン化炭化水素類;
ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素類;
ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサンなどの脂肪族炭化水素類;
即ち、単層型の感光層を形成する場合には、電荷輸送剤、電荷発生剤及び樹脂バインダーを有機溶媒に加えることにより、塗布液が調製される。
また、積層型の感光層を形成する場合には、電荷輸送剤と樹脂バインダーとを有機溶媒に加えた電荷輸送層用の塗布液と、電荷発生剤と樹脂バインダーとを有機溶媒に加えた電荷発生層用の塗布液が調製される。
添加剤としては、ビフェニレン系化合物、m-フェニル化合物、ジブチルフタレートなどの可塑剤;シリコーンオイル、グラフト型シリコーンポリマー、各種フルオロカーボン類などの表面潤滑剤;ジシアノビニル化合物、カルバゾール誘導体などの電位安定剤;2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノールなどのモノフェノール系酸化防止剤;ビスフェノール系酸化防止剤;4-ジアザビシクロ[2,2,2]オクタンなどのアミン系酸化防止剤;サリチル酸系酸化防止剤;トコフェノールなどの酸化防止剤;紫外線吸収剤;増感剤;などが挙げられる。
これらの添加剤は、感光層の特性や塗布液の塗布性が損なわれない範囲の量で適宜使用される。
上記の乾燥は、室温下にコーティング層を保持した後、加熱することにより行われることが好ましい。係る加熱は、30~200℃の温度で5分~2時間の範囲で無風または送風下で行うことが好ましい。
下引き層の膜厚は0.1~5μmの範囲内であることが好ましく、0.5~3μmの範囲内であることが特に好ましい。下引き層を過度に厚くすると、抵抗値の上昇により感光体の残留電位が上昇する等の不都合を生じるからである。
(1)下記一般式(8);
R40、R41は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素原子数1
ないし4の低級アルキル基、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基、ア
ラルキル基を表し、
R42、R43は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素原子数1
ないし4の低級アルキル基、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基、ア
ラルキル基または複素環基を表し、R42とR43は共同で環を形成して
もよい、
R44は水素原子、炭素原子数1ないし4の低級アルキル基、芳香族
炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基、アラルキル基、炭素原子数1ないし4
の低級アルコキシ基又はハロゲン原子を表し、R44とR40または
R41が共同で環を形成してもよい、
で表されるヒドラゾン化合物。
このようなヒドラゾン化合物は、例えば特公昭55-042380号公報(特許文献6)、特開昭60-340999号公報(特許文献10)、特開昭61-023154号公報(特許文献11)等に開示されている。
R45~R56は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく水素原子、炭素
原子数1ないし4の低級アルキル基、炭素原子数1ないし4の低級アル
コキシ基、炭素原子数1ないし4のハロゲノアルキル基、炭素原子数1
ないし4のハロゲノアルコキシ基、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族
基、またはハロゲン原子を表す、
で表されるトリフェニルアミンダイマー。
このようなトリフェニルアミンダイマーは、例えば特公昭58-032372号公報(特許文献12)等に開示されている。
R57~R60は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素原子数1
ないし4の低級アルキル基、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基を表
す、
Ar1、Ar3は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、フェニレン基
を表し、Ar2は炭素原子数4ないし14の単環もしくは多環式の芳香
族炭化水素の二価基或いは芳香族複素環の二価基を表し、
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3が有していてもよい置換基は、炭素原子数1
ないし4の低級アルキル基、炭素原子数1ないし4の低級アルコキシ基
、アリールオキシ基及びハロゲン原子の中から選択される基である、
で表されるジスチリル系化合物。
このようなジスチリル系化合物は、例えば米国特許第3873312号公報(特許文献13)等に開示されている。
無機系の電荷発生剤としては、セレン、セレン-テルル、アモルファスシリコン等が知られている。
有機系の電荷発生剤としては、カチオン染料(例えば、チアピリリウム塩系染料、アズレニウム塩系染料、チアシアニン系染料、キノシアニン系染料)、スクアリウム塩系顔料、フタロシアニン系顔料、多環キノン顔料(例えば、アントアントロン系顔料、ジベンズピレンキノン系顔料、ピラントロン系顔料)、インジゴ系顔料、キナクリドン系顔料、アゾ顔料、ピロロピロール系顔料、ペリレン系顔料等が知られている。
本発明においては、上記無機系電荷発生剤及び有機系電荷発生剤のいずれもそれぞれ単独又は2種以上の組み合わせで使用することができるが、特に、有機系電荷発生剤が好適である。
構造式(N);
数1ないし4の低級アルキル基、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基を
表す。
構造式(O);
また、積層型感光層の場合、電荷発生層の厚みが、0.01乃至5μm、特に0.05乃至2μm程度であり、電荷輸送層の厚みは、5乃至40μm、特に10乃至30μm程度であることが好ましい。
次いで、60℃で3時間加熱した後、トルエンで抽出した。水、続いて飽和食塩水で洗浄した後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、溶媒を留去することによって、下記構造式(15)で表される黄色固体のホルミル化合物5.1gを得た。
また元素分析値は以下の通りである。
炭素 水素 窒素 酸素
測定値(%) 89.70% 6.15% 1.92% 2.23%
理論値(%) 89.67% 6.11% 1.97% 2.25%
実施例1で得られた前記構造式(15)で表されるホルミル化合物5g、ジ-p-トリルメチル亜燐酸ジエチルエステル3.3gをN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド20mlに溶解し、20±5℃に保ちながら、ナトリウムメチラート0.4gを添加した。2時間撹拌した後、イオン交換水20mlを加え、常法によって精製処理を行い、黄色固体4.8g(収率65%)を得た。
また、元素分析値は以下の通りである。
炭素 水素 窒素 酸素
測定値(%) 89.54% 6.44% 1.87% 2.14%
理論値(%) 89.51% 6.42% 1.90% 2.17%
実施例1で得られた前記構造式(15)で表されるホルミル化合物5.1g、3,3-ジフェニル-2-プロペニル亜燐酸ジエチルエステル3.3gをN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド20mlに溶解し、20±5℃に保ちながら、ナトリウムメチラート0.4gを添加した。2時間撹拌した後、イオン交換水20mlを加え、40℃で3時間加熱、攪拌した後、常法によって精製処理を行い、黄色固体5.5g(収率75%)を得た。
また、元素分析値は以下の通りである。
炭素 水素 窒素 酸素
測定値(%) 89.79% 6.19% 1.87% 2.15%
理論値(%) 89.76% 6.16% 1.90% 2.17%
アルコール可溶性ポリアミド(アミランCM-4000、東レ製)1質量部をメタノール13質量部に溶解した。これに酸化チタン(タイペークCR-EL、石原産業製)5質量部を加え、ペイントシェーカーで8時間分散して、アンダーコート層用塗布液を作製した。アルミ蒸着PETフィルムのアルミ面上にワイヤーバーを用いて塗布し、常圧下60℃で1時間乾燥し、膜厚1μmのアンダーコート層を形成した。
このポリビニルブチラール樹脂の3%シクロヘキサノン溶液50質量部に、上記の電荷発生剤1.5質量部を加え、超音波分散機で1時間分散した。
得られた分散液を前記アンダーコート層上にワイヤーバーを用いて塗布し、常圧下110℃で1時間乾燥して膜厚0.6μmの電荷発生層を形成した。
このポリカーボネート樹脂の8.0%ジクロロエタン溶液18.75質量部に、実施例1で合成されたジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体(例示化合物25)1.5質量部を電荷輸送剤として加え、超音波をかけて該ジフェニルナフチル誘導体を完全に溶解させた。
この溶液を前記電荷発生層上にワイヤーバーで塗布し、常圧下110℃で30分間乾燥して膜厚20μmの電荷輸送層を形成し、感光体No.1を作製した。
感光体実施例1で用いた電荷輸送剤を、実施例2および3で合成されたジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体(例示化合物26および27)に代えた以外は、感光体実施例1と同様の方法で、感光体No.2、および3を作製した。
比較のために、感光体実施例1で用いた電荷輸送剤を、下記構造式で表される化合物(比較化合物No.1)に代えた以外は、感光体実施例1と同様の方法で感光体No.4を作製した。
感光体実施例1~3および感光体比較例1で作製した感光体について静電複写紙試験装置(商品名「EPA-8100A」)を用いて電子写真特性評価を行った。
まず感光体を暗所で-5.5kVのコロナ帯電し、このときの帯電電位V0を測定した。
次いで1.0μW/cm2の780nm単色光で露光し、半減露光量E1/2(μJ/cm2)、2秒間露光後の残留電位Vr(-V)を求めた。その結果を表1に示した。
電荷発生材料としてCu-KαのX線回折スペクトルにおける回折角2θ±0.2°が7.5、10.3、12.6、22.5、24.3,25.4、28.6に強いピークを有するチタニルフタロシアニン(電荷発生剤No.2)を用意した。
この溶液を前記電荷発生層上にワイヤーバーで塗布し、常圧下110℃で30分間乾燥して膜厚10μmの電荷輸送層を形成した後、さらに、電荷輸送層上に半透明金電極を蒸着して感光体No.5を作製した。
感光体実施例4で用いた電荷輸送剤を、実施例2および3のジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体(例示化合物26および27)に代えた以外は、感光体実施例4と同様の方法で、感光体No.6および7を作製した。
比較のために、感光体実施例4で用いた電荷輸送剤を、感光体比較例1で用いた比較化合物No.1に代えた以外は、感光体実施例4と同様の方法で感光体No.8を作製した。
感光体実施例4~6および感光体比較例2で作製した感光体についてドリフト移動度を測定した。測定はTime-of-flight法で行い、2×105V/cmで測定した。結果を表2に示した。
Claims (8)
- 下記一般式(1)で表されるジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体;
jは0ないし4の整数を表し、
kは0ないし5の整数を表し、
lは0ないし6の整数を表し、
R1、R2、R3は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素
原子数1ないし6のアルキル基;炭素原子数1ないし6のアルコ
キシ基;ハロゲン原子;芳香族炭化水素基;縮合多環芳香族基;
芳香族複素環基;及び、置換基として炭素原子数1ないし6のア
ルキル基、炭素原子数2ないし6のアルケニル基、アラルキル基
、芳香族炭化水素基もしくは芳香族複素環基を有しているジ置換
アミノ基;から成る群より選択された基であり、
R1、R2またはR3が複数存在する場合において、複数の
R1、R2またはR3は、相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、
互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい、
X1は下記一般式(1a);
mは0または1を表し、
R4~R8は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原
子、炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1ない
し6のアルコキシ基、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基
または芳香族複素環基を表し、R7とR8は共同で環を形成
してもよく、R7が水素原子またはアルキル基である場合、
R8は芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基または芳香族複
素環基である、
で表される1価基を表し、
X2は下記一般式(1b);
nは0または1を表し、
R9~R13は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素
原子、炭素原子数1ないし6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1な
いし6のアルコキシ基、芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族
基または芳香族複素環基を表し、R12とR13は共同で環
を形成してもよく、R12が水素原子またはアルキル基の場
合、R13は芳香族炭化水素基、縮合多環芳香族基または芳
香族複素環基である、
で表される1価基を表す。 - 下記一般式(1’’)で表される請求項2記載のジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体;
r63~r67は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、0ない
し5の整数を表し、
R63~R67は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素原
子数1ないし6のアルキル基;炭素原子数1ないし6のアルコキ
シ基;ハロゲン原子;芳香族炭化水素基;縮合多環芳香族基;芳
香族複素環基;及び、置換基として炭素原子数1ないし6のアル
キル基、炭素原子数2ないし6のアルケニル基、アラルキル基、
芳香族炭化水素基もしくは芳香族複素環基を有するジ置換アミノ
基;から成る群より選択された基であり、
R63、R64、R65、R66またはR67が複数存在する
場合において、複数個のR63、R64、R65、R66または
R67は、それぞれ、相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、互い
に結合して環構造を形成してもよい。 - 下記一般式(1’’’)で表される請求項2記載のジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体;
r63~r67は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、0ない
し5の整数を表し、
R63~R67は相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素原
子数1ないし6のアルキル基;炭素原子数1ないし6のアルコキ
シ基;ハロゲン原子;芳香族炭化水素基;縮合多環芳香族基;芳
香族複素環基;及び、置換基として炭素原子数1ないし6のアル
キル基、炭素原子数2ないし6のアルケニル基、アラルキル基、
芳香族炭化水素基もしくは芳香族複素環基を有するジ置換アミノ
基;から成る群より選択された基であり、
R63、R64、R65、R66またはR67が複数存在する
場合において、複数個のR63、R64、R65、R66または
R67は、それぞれ、相互に同一でも異なっていてもよく、互い
に結合して環構造を形成してもよい。 - 請求項1に記載のジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体からなる電荷輸送剤。
- 導電性基体上に有機感光層が設けられている電子写真用有機感光体であって、該有機感光層が、請求項1に記載のジフェニルナフチルアミン誘導体を電荷輸送剤として含有していることを特徴とする電子写真用有機感光体。
- 前記有機感光層が、電荷発生剤が樹脂バインダーに分散されている電荷発生層と、前記電荷輸送剤が樹脂バインダーに分散されている電荷輸送層とからなる積層型感光層である請求項6に記載の電子写真用有機感光体。
- 前記有機感光層が、電荷発生剤と前記電荷輸送剤とが樹脂バインダーに分散されている単層型感光層である請求項6に記載の電子写真用有機感光体。
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US13/503,227 US8722288B2 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2010-11-04 | Diphenylnaphthylamine derivatives |
KR1020127011553A KR20120089709A (ko) | 2009-11-06 | 2010-11-04 | 디페닐나프틸아민 유도체 |
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JPWO2011055756A1 (ja) | 2013-03-28 |
JP5753788B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 |
CN102686554A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
EP2497764A1 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
US20120208117A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
US8722288B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
EP2497764A4 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
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