WO2011027790A1 - 2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末とその製造方法並びに用途 - Google Patents
2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末とその製造方法並びに用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011027790A1 WO2011027790A1 PCT/JP2010/064947 JP2010064947W WO2011027790A1 WO 2011027790 A1 WO2011027790 A1 WO 2011027790A1 JP 2010064947 W JP2010064947 W JP 2010064947W WO 2011027790 A1 WO2011027790 A1 WO 2011027790A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ascorbic acid
- powder
- glucoside
- glucosyl
- mass
- Prior art date
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to 2-O- ⁇ -D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid anhydrous crystal-containing powder, its production method and use, and more specifically, 2-O- ⁇ , which is significantly harder to set than conventional products.
- the present invention relates to a powder containing anhydrous D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid crystal and a production method thereof, and its use as a food material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, and pharmaceutical material.
- L-ascorbic acid has been conventionally used for various uses including foods and drinks and cosmetics because of its excellent physiological activity and antioxidant action.
- L-ascorbic acid is unstable because of its direct reduction property, and has a great disadvantage that it is susceptible to oxidative degradation and easily loses its physiological activity.
- the present applicant as one of the joint applicants in Patent Document 1, has a molecule in which one molecule of D-glucose is bonded to the hydroxyl group at the 2-position of L-ascorbic acid.
- O- ⁇ -D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid hereinafter abbreviated as “ascorbic acid 2-glucoside” in the present specification
- This ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is not directly reducing, is stable, and is decomposed into L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose by an enzyme originally present in the living body. It has an epoch-making characteristic of exerting its original physiological activity.
- ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is mixed with cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (hereinafter “CGTase”) in a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and an ⁇ -glucosyl sugar compound. Abbreviation) or produced by the action of a glycosyltransferase such as ⁇ -glucosidase.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 report the results of structural analysis by X-ray of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystals.
- the applicant of the present invention used a solution containing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside produced by an enzymatic reaction for column chromatography using a strongly acidic cation exchange resin to contain a high content of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.
- a method for producing a high ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content from which fractions are collected is disclosed.
- the applicant of the present invention disclosed an ascorbic acid that removes impurities such as L-ascorbic acid and saccharides by electrodialysis using an anion exchange membrane from a solution containing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside produced by an enzymatic reaction.
- a method for producing a high 2-glucoside content is disclosed.
- Patent Document 6 a solution containing 2-glucoside ascorbic acid is brought into contact with an anion ion exchange resin, and the components adsorbed on the anion ion exchange resin are selectively used.
- a method for producing a high ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content product that is desorbed to obtain a high ascorbic acid 2-glucoside fraction is disclosed.
- Patent Document 7 discloses an ⁇ -isomaltosylglucosaccharide-producing enzyme or ⁇ -isomaltosylglucosaccharide-producing enzyme is produced in a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and an ⁇ -glucosylsugar compound.
- a method for producing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in which an enzyme and CGTase are allowed to act to produce ascorbic acid 2-glucoside has been disclosed.
- Patent Documents 8 and 9 by the present applicant ⁇ -isomaltosylglucosaccharide-forming enzyme and ⁇ -isomaltosyltransferase catalyze sugar transfer to L-ascorbic acid, respectively.
- the production of glucosides is disclosed.
- ascorbic acid 2-glucoside Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, many proposals have been made as shown in, for example, Patent Documents 10 to 29. Due to its excellent properties, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is used as a food material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, or pharmaceutical material, as well as the conventional use of L-ascorbic acid. Due to its stability, it has been widely used in other applications where L-ascorbic acid could not be used conventionally.
- ascorbic acid 2-glucoside can be produced using L-ascorbic acid and starch as raw materials and using various glycosyltransferases.
- a method in which CGTase is allowed to act as a glycosyltransferase on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch is most effective in producing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside. It is a high and industrially superior method.
- the present applicant manufactured an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder by a method in which CGTase is allowed to act on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch, and this is used as a cosmetic / quasi-drug. It is sold under the brand name “AA2G” (sales by Hayashibara Biochemical Research Co., Ltd.) and the product name “Asco Fresh” (sales by Hayashibara Shoji Co., Ltd.) as ingredients and food ingredients.
- the conventional powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystals sold as a quasi-material and food material is abbreviated as “quasi-drug grade powder”).
- the quasi-drug grade powder has a relatively high purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside of 98.0% by mass or more according to product specifications, and has good fluidity as a powder immediately after production. Nevertheless, when it is placed in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long period of time, it has the disadvantage of solidifying due to its own weight or moisture absorption. In view of such drawbacks, quasi-drug-grade powders are sold in a product form in which 10 kg each is packed in polyethylene bags and put into a steel can with a lid together with a desiccant.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-139288 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-135992 JP-A-3-183492 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-117290 JP-A-5-208991 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-088095 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-065098 International Publication WO02010361 Pamphlet International publication WO010090338 pamphlet International publication WO05087182 pamphlet Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks.
- Ascorbic acid 2- which is significantly harder to set than the quasi-drug-grade ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder, which is widely used, is widely used.
- An object of the present invention is to provide anhydrous glucoside crystal-containing powder, a production method thereof, and an application.
- the present inventors have repeatedly studied the caking property of powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystals, and ascorbic acid 2-sale sold as a standard reagent for analysis by the present applicant.
- the powder containing anhydrous glucoside crystals (trade name “Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside 999”, code number: AG124, sold by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc.) (hereinafter abbreviated as “reagent grade powder”) It was found that the non-consolidated powder was not consolidated even under the condition that the non-grade powder was consolidated, and the properties as a powder were maintained.
- This reagent-grade powder is purified from the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-containing solution obtained by subjecting CGTase to a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch as in the quasi-drug-grade powder. Concentrate to precipitate anhydrous crystals of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside and collect this powder. In addition to the usual process, once obtained crystals are dissolved and recrystallized. By adding a recrystallization step and a washing step of repeatedly washing the crystals obtained in the recrystallization step with pure water or the like, the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is 99.9% by mass or more. It differs from quasi-drug grade powder in that it is raised to the level.
- the present inventors have further researched on the caking properties of the powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystals, and as a result of repeating various trials and errors, the purity of the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the powder was found to be unconventional. Even if it is at the same level as the quality powder or less than the purity of the reagent grade, the crystallinity of the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal should be 90% or more, or the dynamics of the powder An ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder having a moisture adsorption amount of 0.01% by mass or less is an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder that is significantly harder to set than quasi-drug grade powder. I found.
- the present inventors have further studied on a method for producing an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder having the above-mentioned levels of crystallinity and dynamic water adsorption on an industrial scale.
- CGTase and glucoamylase are allowed to act on a solution containing ascorbic acid and starch in this order to produce ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the solution at a high rate of 35% by mass or more, and the solution is purified.
- the powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystallized from the solution can be relatively easily obtained.
- the crystallinity of the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal can be set to 90% or more, and the dynamic water adsorption amount of the powder is reduced to 0. It found that it is possible to 01% by mass or less.
- the present inventors include an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal having an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal having a crystallinity of 90% or more or a dynamic water adsorption amount of 0.01% by mass or less. Powders are significantly harder to set than conventional quasi-drug-grade powders, so they are easy to handle as food materials, cosmetic materials, quasi-drug materials, and pharmaceutical materials, and have great significance and value. As a result, the present invention was completed.
- the present invention relates to anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside which contains 98.0% by mass and less than 99.9% by mass of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride and is calculated based on a powder X-ray diffraction profile.
- the above problem is solved by providing an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder characterized by having a crystallinity of 90% or more.
- the present invention also contains more than 98.0% by mass of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride, and after removing moisture in the powder under a nitrogen stream, the temperature is 25 ° C., relative
- the above problem is solved by providing an anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystal-containing powder characterized by having a dynamic water adsorption amount of 0.01% by mass or less when held at a humidity of 35% for 12 hours. Is.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention comprises particles having a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m in an amount of 70% by mass or more and particles having a particle size of from 53 ⁇ m to less than 150 ⁇ m in an amount of 40 to 60 mass. % Content.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention contains L-ascorbic acid and / or D-glucose, and the reducing power of the whole powder is less than 1% by mass.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention has an L-ascorbic acid content of 0.1% by mass or less in terms of anhydride.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention as described above is typically an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside obtained through a step of allowing CGTase to act on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch. It is a powder produced from the containing solution.
- CGTase and glucoamylase are allowed to act in this order on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch, so that the production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is 35% by mass or more.
- the production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is 35 masses.
- its origin and origin are not particularly limited, and it may be a natural enzyme or an enzyme obtained by gene recombination.
- CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus Tc-62 strain described later CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus Tc-27 strain, or It is preferable to use a mutant CGTase obtained by mutating CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus Tc-91 strain by a gene recombination technique. -Most preferred because the production rate for glucosides can be increased.
- glucoamylase there is no particular limitation on the glucoamylase to be used.
- CGTase and glucoamylase are allowed to act in this order on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch, the production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is 35% by mass or more.
- origin and origin there are no particular restrictions on its origin and origin, and it may be a natural enzyme or an enzyme obtained by genetic recombination.
- a starch debranching enzyme such as isoamylase or pullulanase is allowed to act together with CGTase.
- the production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside may be increased.
- the step of purifying the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-containing solution so that the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content exceeds 86% by mass in terms of anhydride was filtered and desalted.
- the enzyme reaction solution is brought into contact with an anion exchange resin to adsorb ascorbic acid 2-glucoside and L-ascorbic acid, and saccharides such as D-glucose are eluted and removed with purified water.
- An aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or salts is supplied to the column to elute ascorbic acid 2-glucoside and L-ascorbic acid.
- the eluate is concentrated and subjected to column chromatography using a cation exchange resin or a porous synthetic resin. It is performed by the method of eluting.
- a simulated moving bed method using a strongly acidic cation exchange resin as a filler is used as column chromatography using a cation exchange resin, a fraction having an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content of more than 86% by mass is efficiently obtained. It is preferable because it can be obtained in good yield.
- the present invention solves the above problems by providing a powdery food material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, or pharmaceutical material comprising the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention. Is.
- Examples of food materials in which the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention is advantageously used include, for example, vitamin C enhancer, collagen production enhancer, whitening agent, taste improver, quality improver, browning inhibitor
- Examples of cosmetic materials such as acidulants, excipients, extenders and antioxidants include whitening agents, cell activators, collagen production enhancers, vitamin C enhancers, taste improvers, quality improvers, browning Inhibitors, acidulants, excipients, extenders, stabilizers, antioxidants, etc., as quasi-drug materials, for example, whitening agents, cell activators, collagen production enhancers, vitamin C enhancers, presentation agents Taste improvers, quality improvers, anti-browning agents, acidulants, excipients, extenders, stabilizers, antioxidants, etc.
- compositions include, for example, whitening agents, cell activators, collagen production enhancement Agent, organ preservative, radio deer Failure inhibitor, vitamin C reinforcing agents, browning agents, excipients, fillers, stabilizers, and antioxidants, and the like, respectively.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention is significantly less likely to set than conventional quasi-drug grade powders that have been marketed as cosmetic materials, quasi-drug materials, food materials, etc. Also, it has the advantage that the fluidity as a powder is hardly impaired during storage, storage and distribution, and the handling is easy. In addition, although the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention is significantly harder to set than the conventional quasi-drug-grade powder, the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside has a reagent-grade purity.
- L-ascorbic acid and starch are used as raw materials, and the conventional production method of quasi-drug-grade powder is different from that of the conventional quasi-drug-grade powder by the production method that does not change in steps. Since an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder can be produced, it is possible to produce pharmaceuticals in a time, labor, production facility, and cost that are not much different from those conventionally required for the production of quasi-drug-grade powders. As a result, it is possible to produce an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder that is significantly harder to set than quasi-grade powder.
- the powdered food material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, and pharmaceutical material comprising the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention
- ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous constituting the powder material The crystal-containing powder is significantly harder to consolidate, so it is easy to handle as well as store and store, and even if used in a manufacturing plant that is made on the premise that the raw material is a fluid powder, There is an advantage that there is no risk of hindering processes such as transportation of raw materials, sieving, and mixing.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention has a particle size distribution required for food materials, that is, 70% by mass or more of particles having a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m and a particle size of 53 to 150 ⁇ m. Can be easily adjusted to a particle size distribution containing 40 to 60% by mass of the total powder, so that even if this is used as a food material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, or pharmaceutical material, There is an advantage that it can be used as before without changing the manufacturing process and the raw material standard.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention contains L-ascorbic acid and / or D-glucose and the reducing power of the whole powder is less than 1% by mass
- L- Despite being a powder produced using ascorbic acid and starch as raw materials, mixing with other components having an amino group in the molecule such as amino acids and proteins may cause deterioration in quality such as discoloration. The advantage of not being obtained.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention has an L-ascorbic acid content of 0.1% by mass or less in terms of anhydride, the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention is used. Even if the powder alone is stored for a long period of time, the powder itself is not likely to be colored pale brown, as a substantially uncolored white powder, as a food material, cosmetic material, quasi drug material, and pharmaceutical material Can be used.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a powder X-ray diffraction pattern by characteristic X-rays of a powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside consisting essentially of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a powder X-ray diffraction pattern by characteristic X-rays of a powder containing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside consisting essentially of an amorphous part.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of synchrotron radiation of powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside consisting essentially of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a powder X-ray diffraction pattern by characteristic X-rays of a powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside consisting essentially of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing the structure and restriction enzyme recognition site of a recombinant DNA “pRSET-iBTC12” containing a CGTase gene derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Geobacillus used in the present invention.
- the powder X-ray diffraction profile that is the basis for obtaining the analytical values H 100 , H 0 , and Hs is usually measured by a powder X-ray diffractometer equipped with a reflective or transmissive optical system. can do.
- the powder X-ray diffraction profile includes a diffraction angle and a diffraction intensity for an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal contained in a test sample or a standard sample, and a method for determining an analytical value for crystallinity from the powder X-ray diffraction profile
- Examples of such methods include the Hermans method and the Funk method. Of these analysis methods, the Hermans method is preferred in terms of simplicity and accuracy. Today, these analysis methods are all made into computer software, so it is convenient to use a powder X-ray diffractometer equipped with an analysis device equipped with any of such computer software.
- the analysis value H 100 when analyzing the powder X-ray diffraction profile of the powder standard sample containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal substantially consisting of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystal by computer software by the Hermans method is: Usually, it is about 70.2 to 70.5%.
- the “ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-containing powder standard sample consisting essentially of an amorphous part” for obtaining the analysis value H 0 is a powder having a purity of 99.1% or more ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.
- the powder X-ray diffraction pattern is composed only of halos derived from the amorphous part and does not substantially exhibit a diffraction peak characteristic of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystals.
- the above-mentioned standard sample for obtaining the analytical value H 100 is dissolved in an appropriate amount of purified water, concentrated, freeze-dried, and further, the moisture content determined by the Karl Fischer method is 2.0.
- the powder obtained by vacuum-drying until it becomes% or less is mentioned.
- a powder consisting essentially of an amorphous part can be obtained when such a treatment is applied.
- the analysis value H 0 when analyzing the powder X-ray diffraction profile of the above ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-containing powder standard sample consisting essentially of an amorphous part with computer software by the Hermans method is usually 7.3. It is about 7.6%.
- the analytical value H 0 As a standard sample for obtaining the analytical value H 0 , it is needless to say that a sample with high purity for ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is preferable, but it is prepared as described above from the standard sample for obtaining the analytical value H 100.
- the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the standard samples to obtain the analysis value H 0 is to be, as shown in experiments 1-1 to be described later, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity of the standard sample for determining the analytical value H 100 is 99.9% Despite being extremely high, it remains at 99.1%. Therefore, the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity of the “ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-containing powder standard sample consisting essentially of an amorphous part” was set to 99.1% or more as described above.
- the “dynamic moisture adsorption amount” as used in this specification is a moisture adsorption / desorption measuring device, and is held for 12 hours in a nitrogen stream under the conditions of a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 0%. After removing and weighing the removed sample, the sample was weighed again immediately after being kept under a nitrogen stream for 12 hours under the conditions of a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 35%, and the obtained two kinds of weighing values were obtained. Based on this, it means a value calculated by the following formula [2].
- the “reducing power of the whole powder” as used herein refers to the amount of reducing sugar based on D-glucose conversion and the total amount of D-glucose using D-glucose as a standard substance by the Sommoji-Nelson method and the anthrone sulfate method, which are widely used in the field. It means the percentage (%) of the amount of reducing sugar relative to the total amount of sugar that can be obtained using the following formula [3] after obtaining the amount of sugar.
- the particle size distribution of the powder is determined as follows. That is, after accurately weighing metal mesh sieves (made by Iida Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) having openings of 425, 300, 212, 150, 106, 75 and 53 ⁇ m in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS Z 8801-1) In this order, they are mounted on a low-tap sieve shaker (trade name “R-1”, manufactured by Tanaka Chemical Machinery Co., Ltd.), and then a fixed amount of the sample weighed is placed on the top sieve (opening) 425 ⁇ m), shake for 15 minutes with the sieves overlapped, then weigh each sieve again accurately, and subtract the mass before placing the sample from its mass to capture by each sieve. Determine the mass of the collected powder. Thereafter, the percentage (%) of the mass of the powder having each particle size collected by each sieve to the mass of the sample placed on the sieve is calculated and expressed as a particle size distribution.
- Production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is an anhydride equivalent in an enzyme reaction solution obtained by allowing an enzyme such as CGTase to act on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch. Means ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content (%).
- the content of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride means the mass percentage (%) of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the total mass calculated without including moisture.
- the content of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the solution in terms of anhydride means the mass percentage of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside with respect to the remaining total solid content, excluding moisture contained in the solution.
- the content of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride in the powder means the mass percentage of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside relative to the total mass of the powder when the remainder is calculated as the total mass of the powder without including moisture in the powder. Means.
- ⁇ Activity of CGTase is defined as follows. That is, 0.2 ml of an enzyme solution appropriately diluted is added to 5 ml of a substrate aqueous solution containing 0.3% (W / V) soluble starch, 20 mM acetate buffer (pH 5.5), and 1 mM calcium chloride to obtain 40 ml of the substrate solution. While maintaining the temperature at 0 ° C., 0.5 ml each of the substrate solution was sampled at 0 minutes and 10 minutes of reaction, and immediately added to 15 ml of 0.02N sulfuric acid solution to stop the reaction, and 0.2N iodine was added to each sulfuric acid solution.
- CGTase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that completely eliminates the iodine coloration of 15 mg of starch in the solution under such measurement conditions.
- ⁇ Activation of isoamylase is defined as follows. That is, 0.5 ml of an appropriately diluted enzyme solution was added to 3 ml of an aqueous substrate solution containing 0.83% (W / V) Lintner-solubilized waxy corn starch and 0.1 M acetic acid buffer (pH 3.5). While maintaining the substrate solution at 40 ° C., 0.5 ml each of the substrate solution was sampled at 30 seconds and 30 minutes and 30 seconds of reaction, and immediately 15 ml of 0.02N sulfuric acid solution was added to stop the reaction. After adding 0.5 ml of 0.01N iodine solution to each and coloring at 25 ° C.
- the absorbance at a wavelength of 610 nm is measured with an absorptiometer, and calculated as the amylolytic activity by the following formula [5].
- One unit of isoamylase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that increases the absorbance at a wavelength of 610 nm by 0.004 under such measurement conditions.
- Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention ⁇ crystallinity and dynamic water adsorption amount> Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention contains, as described above, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside more than 98.0% and less than 99.9% in terms of anhydride, and is calculated based on the powder X-ray diffraction profile.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal has a crystallinity of 90% or more or a dynamic water adsorption amount of 0.01% or less.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention having a crystallinity or dynamic water adsorption amount at the above level is the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, that is, in terms of anhydride.
- the content of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is almost the same level as that of quasi-drug grade powder or the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in reagent grade powder is not sufficient, It is difficult to consolidate significantly.
- ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals containing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals containing more than 98.0% and less than 99.9% ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride as shown in the experiment below,
- the powder having a crystallinity in the above range has a dynamic water adsorption amount of 0.01% or less, and conversely, the powder having a dynamic water adsorption amount in the above range is an anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystal.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention can be defined by either the crystallinity of the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal or the dynamic water adsorption amount of the powder, if necessary. , Or both.
- Dynamic moisture adsorption is a phenomenon in which the amount of moisture contained in a sample changes when the humidity around the sample is changed at a constant temperature, and the crystal structure of the sample powder, such as the degree of crystallinity. Although it is not an index derived directly, the moisture absorption phenomenon is involved in the consolidation of the powder, and the dynamic moisture adsorption amount indicating the ease of moisture adsorption is the sugar composition of the powder, the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, the powder Since it is presumed that it fluctuates significantly depending on the size of the particles, etc., it is considered to be an effective index for evaluating the caking property of the powder due to moisture absorption.
- the powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside having a dynamic water adsorption amount of about 0.05% is relatively easily consolidated in the experimental environment in which it was conducted. Those having a dynamic moisture adsorption amount of about 0.01% or less are not substantially consolidated in the same environment. This fact indicates that the dynamic water adsorption amount as well as the degree of crystallinity is a promising index for realizing an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder that is difficult to consolidate.
- the standard sample used for determining the analysis value H 0 that is, “ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-containing powder standard sample consisting essentially of an amorphous part” was used in Experiment 3 described later.
- the dynamic water adsorption amount was 1.7%
- the standard sample used to determine the analysis value H 100 ie, “consisting essentially of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals”.
- Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder standard sample as shown in Experiment 3 also, the dynamic water adsorption amount is below the detection limit and substantially does not show dynamic water adsorption.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention has a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m of 70% or more of the whole powder and a particle size of 53 ⁇ m or more and less than 150 ⁇ m of 40% of the total powder. Contains up to 60%. Since the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention can be easily adjusted to the above-mentioned particle size distribution required for food materials, for example, food materials, cosmetic materials, quasi-drug materials, or pharmaceutical products As a raw material, it has the advantage that it can be used as before without changing the manufacturing process and the raw material standard.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention contains L-ascorbic acid and / or D-glucose, and the reducing power of the whole powder is less than 1%.
- L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose have direct reducing properties, and when heated in the presence of a compound having an amino group in the molecule such as amino acids and proteins, brown coloration is caused. It is not preferable that this substance is contained in the powder containing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals as a product.
- an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder containing L-ascorbic acid and / or D-glucose and having a reducing power of less than 1% of the whole powder can be used for food without concern for coloring or discoloration. It has the advantage that it can be used in cosmetics, quasi-drugs, and pharmaceuticals in general. Incidentally, when the reducing power of the whole powder is less than 1%, the amount of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose contained is 0.2% or less in terms of the total amount converted to anhydride.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention has an L-ascorbic acid content of 0.1% or less in terms of anhydride in a more preferred embodiment.
- L-ascorbic acid is highly reactive with oxygen as used in foods and drinks as an antioxidant and oxygen scavenger. Therefore, L-ascorbic acid not only causes brown coloration when heated in the presence of a compound having an amino group in the molecule, but is also deeply involved in the coloration of the powder itself containing L-ascorbic acid. it is conceivable that. In fact, as shown in the experiment described below, the quasi-drug-grade powder contains about 0.2% of L-ascorbic acid. According to the knowledge obtained by the present inventors, the quasi-drug.
- the column chromatography using an anion exchange resin for removing saccharides such as D-glucose in the purification step is followed by the column chromatography using a cation exchange resin or a porous resin.
- a simulated moving bed type is used as column chromatography using a cation exchange resin
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention can be relatively easily obtained without increasing the production cost.
- the L-ascorbic acid content can be made 0.1% or less.
- Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention is more than 98.0% and less than 99.9% ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride.
- it may be manufactured by any method and is not limited to one manufactured by a specific manufacturing method.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention can be produced relatively easily. That is, the method for producing an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention basically includes the following steps (1) to (5): (1) CGTase and glucoamylase are allowed to act on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch in this order to obtain a solution containing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside having an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside production rate of 35% or more.
- the step (1) is a step of producing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside from L-ascorbic acid and starch by an enzymatic reaction. First, the raw materials and enzymes to be used will be described, and the enzyme reaction to be performed next will be described.
- L-ascorbic acid The L-ascorbic acid to be used may be in the form of a hydroxy acid, in the form of a metal salt such as an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt, or a mixture thereof. There is no problem.
- starch debranching enzymes such as .1.41
- isoamylase is particularly preferable because it is easy to handle in terms of enzyme activity and substrate specificity.
- CGTase As described above, as CGTase (EC 2.4.1.19), as described above, when CGTase and glucoamylase are allowed to act in this order on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch, ascorbic acid 2- As long as glucoside can be produced at a high rate of 35% or more, there is no particular limitation on the origin and origin, and it may be a natural enzyme or an enzyme obtained by gene recombination. As natural enzymes, for example, CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus Tc-62 and CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus Tc-27 are highly produced for ascorbic acid 2-glucoside. CGTase produced by Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Tc-62 is most preferable from the viewpoint of the production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.
- the CGTase obtained by gene recombination is represented by, for example, the amino acid sequence of CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus Tc-91, as shown in Example 3 described later, that is, SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing.
- Examples thereof include CGTase having an amino acid sequence in which the 228th lysine residue in the amino acid sequence is substituted with a glutamic acid residue.
- Geobacillus stearothermophilus Tc-27, Tc-62 and Tc-91 are all disclosed in JP-A-50-63189 (JP-B-53-27791) by the same applicant.
- accession numbers FERM BP-11142, FERM BP-11143, and FERM P-2225 (transfer procedure to the international deposit: receipt number FERM ABP, respectively) -11273), 1 1-1 Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, deposited at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and Patent Biological Depositary Center.
- Glucoamylase There is no particular limitation on the glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) to be used. When CGTase and glucoamylase are allowed to act in this order on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch, ascorbic acid 2 As long as glucoside can be produced at a high rate of 35% or higher, there is no particular limitation on the origin and origin, and it may be a natural enzyme or an enzyme obtained by genetic recombination. .
- Glucoamylase is usually added after heating the enzyme reaction solution to stop the sugar transfer reaction by CGTase, so that energy and time required for cooling the enzyme reaction solution after heating can be saved.
- Those capable of exhibiting practical enzyme activity at a relatively high temperature for example, a temperature of about 40 to 60 ° C. are desirable.
- the glucoamylase used contains ⁇ -glucosidase, the produced ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is hydrolyzed. Therefore, a glucoamylase substantially free of ⁇ -glucosidase should be used. Is desirable. There are no particular limitations on the source and purity of the glucoamylase used as long as these conditions are satisfied.
- an enzyme agent derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Rhizopus that is commercially available as a glucoamylase agent (trade name) “Glucoteam # 20000” (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation) and enzyme agents derived from microorganisms belonging to the genus Aspergillus (trade name “Gluczyme AF6”, sold by Amano Enzyme Inc.) can be suitably used.
- CGTase is allowed to act on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch, usually an aqueous solution.
- CGTase is allowed to act on an aqueous solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch, one or two or more D-glucoses are transferred to the hydroxyl group at the 2-position of L-ascorbic acid by the enzymatic action of CGTase.
- 2-O- ⁇ -maltosyl-L-ascorbine in which ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in which one D-glucose is bonded to the hydroxyl group at the position is formed, and at least two D-glucoses are bonded to the hydroxyl group in the second position ⁇ -glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid such as acid, 2-O- ⁇ -maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid, 2-O- ⁇ -maltotetraosyl-L-ascorbic acid is produced.
- CGTase is usually added at a rate of 1 to 500 units per gram of starch to an aqueous solution in which starch and L-ascorbic acid are dissolved so that the starch concentration is 1 to 40%.
- the reaction is carried out for 6 hours or longer, preferably about 12 to 96 hours, while maintaining the temperature at about 3 to 10 and 30 to 70 ° C. Since L-ascorbic acid is easily decomposed by oxidation, it is desirable to block the light while keeping the solution anaerobic or reduced during the reaction.
- the reaction solution may contain, for example, thiourea or hydrogen sulfide. A reducing agent coexists.
- isoamylase When isoamylase is used in combination with CGTase as a starch debranching enzyme, isoamylase acts on starch in a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch in the presence of CGTase. Although it depends on the optimum temperature and optimum pH of isoamylase, it is usually 200 to 2,500 units per gram of starch, and the reaction is carried out at 55 ° C. or lower. Further, when pullulanase is used as the starch debranching enzyme, it may be used according to isoamylase.
- the enzyme reaction solution is immediately heated to deactivate CGTase or CGTase and starch debranching enzyme to stop the enzyme reaction, Glucoamylase is allowed to act on the enzyme reaction solution.
- glucoamylase When glucoamylase is allowed to act, two or more D-glucose chains bonded to the hydroxyl group at the 2-position of L-ascorbic acid are cleaved to give 2-O- ⁇ -maltosyl-L-ascorbic acid, 2-O ⁇ -glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid such as - ⁇ -maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid is converted to ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, and the production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is 35% or more, preferably 37 to 45%. Will increase.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals are obtained through the following steps (2) to (5).
- An ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder having a crystallinity of 90% or more or a dynamic water adsorption amount of 0.01% or less can be easily obtained.
- the upper limit of the preferable production rate is set to 45% because it is substantially difficult to increase the production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside beyond 45% in view of the current technical level in enzyme engineering.
- 5-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid and 6-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid in which D-glucose is bonded to the hydroxyl group at the 5-position or 6-position of L-ascorbic acid, although it is considered to be a crystallization inhibitor that inhibits crystallization of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, in a conventional method for producing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, CGTase is added to a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch.
- the amount of 5-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid and 6-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid is usually about 1% in total in terms of anhydride. Since the glycosylated product was eluted at about the same position as ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the column purification step, it was generally difficult to remove it.
- the above-mentioned natural type or genetically modified CGTase is allowed to act on a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and starch to produce ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the enzyme reaction solution at 35% or more, preferably In the case of producing at a high rate of 37 to 45%, the total of these 5-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid and 6-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid in terms of anhydride is 0. It does not exceed 5%. As a result, it is presumed that crystallization of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside obtained through the subsequent steps may proceed more smoothly.
- 2-O- ⁇ -maltosyl-L-ascorbic acid is also used when two or more D-glucoses are transferred to the 2-position hydroxyl group of L-ascorbic acid. Since the bond between D-glucose in ⁇ -glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid such as 2-O- ⁇ -maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid is an ⁇ -1,4 bond, the subsequent action of glucoamylase The bond between D-glucose is cleaved and easily converted to ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.
- the step (2) is a step in which the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-containing solution obtained in the step (1) is purified so that the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content exceeds 86% in terms of anhydride. That is, the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-containing solution obtained in the step (1) is decolorized and filtered with activated carbon or the like, the filtrate is desalted with a cation exchange resin, and further, column chromatography is applied.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content is purified to more than 86%, preferably 88% or more in terms of anhydride.
- any column chromatography may be used in principle as long as the content of 2-glucoside ascorbic acid in the solution can be increased to more than 86% in terms of anhydride.
- column chromatography using an anion exchange resin for removing saccharides such as D-glucose is preferably followed by column chromatography using a cation exchange resin or a porous resin.
- Desirable anion exchange resins for removing sugars such as D-glucose include “Amberlite IRA411S”, “Amberlite IRA478RF” (above, manufactured by Rohm and Haas), “Diaion WA30” (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). Manufactured) and the like.
- Desirable cation exchange resins for separating ascorbic acid 2-glucoside and L-ascorbic acid include “Dawex 50WX8” (manufactured by Dow Chemical Co.), “Amberlite CG120” (manufactured by Rohm and Haas), “XT-1022E” (manufactured by Tokyo Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), “Diaion SK104”, “Diaion UBK 550” (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and the like.
- Examples of the porous resin include “Toyopearl HW-40” (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), “Selfine GH-25” (manufactured by Chisso Corporation), and the like.
- the concentration of the raw material liquid loaded on the column is about 10 to 50% solids, and the loading on the resin is about 1/1000 to 1 of the wet resin volume. / 20, it is desirable to pass purified water of approximately the same volume as the wet resin volume at a linear velocity of 0.5 to 5 m / hour.
- the concentration of the glucoside-containing solution is 60% or less in terms of anhydride
- the loading amount of the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-containing solution is 1/20 or less in volume ratio to the wet resin volume
- the amount of purified water used as the eluent is the volume ratio described above. Up to 30 times the load, usually 5 to 20 times is preferable.
- a solution in which the content of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is more than 86%, preferably 88% or more, in terms of anhydride is purified to a predetermined concentration, usually ascorbine, prior to the step of precipitating ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals.
- the acid 2-glucoside is concentrated to a concentration of about 65 to 85%.
- the temperature of the concentrate is usually adjusted to about 30 to 45 ° C. This concentration and temperature correspond to 1.05 to 1.50 as the degree of supersaturation for ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.
- the step (3) is a step of precipitating anhydrous crystals of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside from a solution containing more than 86%, preferably 88% or more, of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride. That is, the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-containing solution purified and concentrated to a predetermined purity and concentration in step (2) and adjusted to a predetermined temperature is transferred to an auxiliary crystal can, and ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals The ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals are precipitated by gradually cooling the liquid temperature to 5 to 20 ° C. over 6 to 48 hours with gentle stirring.
- the precipitation of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystals from the concentrate may be carried out in the presence of seed crystals.
- the concentration of the purified liquid and the precipitation of anhydrous crystals of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside from the concentrated liquid may be performed by a sucrose method in which they are simultaneously performed.
- the step (4) is a step of collecting the precipitated anhydrous crystals of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside. That is, a mass kit is collected from an auxiliary crystal can, and an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal is collected from this mass kit by centrifugation.
- Step (5) is a step in which the collected anhydrous crystals of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside are aged, dried, and pulverized as necessary. That is, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals collected by centrifugation are washed with a small amount of purified water such as deionized water or distilled water, and impurities adhering to the crystal surface are washed away.
- the amount of water used for washing is not particularly limited, but if it is too large, not only the impurities on the surface but also the crystals themselves are dissolved, so the yield decreases, and in addition, the cost of the washing water increases.
- wash water in an amount up to 30% of the mass, preferably 15-25%.
- This washing is preferably carried out under a centrifugal force by placing the crystals in a basket type centrifuge.
- the crystals thus collected and washed are aged and dried by holding them in a predetermined temperature and humidity atmosphere for a certain period of time, and the crystallinity of the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals is 90% or more, or
- the powder has a dynamic moisture adsorption amount of 0.01% or less.
- the product temperature of the crystal-containing powder in the ripening and drying process, the relative humidity of the atmosphere, and the ripening and drying time are not particularly limited as long as a powder exhibiting the desired crystallinity or dynamic water adsorption amount is obtained.
- the product temperature of the crystal-containing powder is preferably kept at 20 to 55 ° C.
- the relative humidity of the atmosphere is preferably kept at 60 to 90%.
- the aging and drying times are preferably about 5 to 24 hours in total.
- the crystal-containing powder that has undergone the aging and drying steps is then naturally cooled to room temperature.
- an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder having an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal having a crystallinity of 90% or more or a dynamic water adsorption amount of the powder of 0.01% or less can be obtained. It can.
- the obtained crystal powder is used as it is or after being pulverized as necessary.
- the steps (1) to (5) include the production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the step (1) and the content of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the solution in the steps (2) and (3). Except for the quasi-drug-grade powder manufacturing process, which includes the recrystallization process and the crystal washing process, which are essential in the reagent-grade powder manufacturing process. Absent.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder obtained as described above has excellent fluidity and almost no hygroscopicity by natural cooling after aging and drying steps.
- the natural cooling time is short, the crystallinity of the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal does not increase to 90% or more, and the dynamic water adsorption amount of the powder decreases to 0.01% or less. Absent. Therefore, when such a powder is used as a product as it is, only a powder that can be consolidated in a normal storage environment can be obtained in the same manner as a quasi-drug-grade powder.
- the shortest natural cooling time necessary for obtaining the powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside of the present invention which is difficult to consolidate is affected by the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, and the scale of the drying apparatus and equipment used. It varies depending on the structure and the structure, but it is thought that it hardly changes under certain conditions. Therefore, for the specific equipment and equipment actually used, it is necessary that the crystallinity of the anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystal is 90% or more and the dynamic water adsorption amount of the powder is 0.01% or less.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention can be produced using the natural cooling time as a guide.
- the present inventors do not naturally cool the crystal-containing powder after the ripening and drying, but forcibly cool it to a product temperature of about room temperature by blowing clean air of about room temperature, for example.
- crystallization of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystal proceeds more rapidly, the crystallinity degree of the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal is 90% or more in a shorter time, and the dynamic water adsorption amount of the powder is 0. It has been found that the content can be made 01% or less.
- the temperature of the air to be blown is preferably in the range of about 15 ° C to 30 ° C, more preferably in the range of 18 to 28 ° C.
- the spraying time is usually preferably about 5 to 60 minutes, and more preferably 10 to 30 minutes. Although depending on the temperature of the air to be sprayed, if the spraying time is less than 5 minutes, the effect of forced cooling due to spraying is not recognized so much, and even if the spraying exceeds 60 minutes, no further increase in crystallinity can be expected. Absent. In addition, when air is sprayed, it is preferable that the crystal-containing powder is appropriately stirred or the crystal-containing powder is appropriately vibrated so that the cooling effect by spraying is spread over the entire powder.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder obtained as described above contains more than 98.0% and less than 99.9% ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride, and is calculated based on the powder X-ray diffraction profile.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal in the powder has a crystallinity of 90% or more, or after removing free water in the powder under a nitrogen stream, the temperature is 25 ° C. and the relative humidity is 35%.
- An ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention having a dynamic water adsorption amount of 0.01% or less when held for 12 hours, and under the condition that a conventional quasi-drug-grade powder is consolidated. It is an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder that does not solidify and is significantly harder to solidify than quasi-drug grade powder.
- the powdered raw materials are pulverized more finely with a roll pulverizer, air transported by air blow to the production line, or transported by a serpentine bending conveyor. Is called.
- troubles such as the roll of the roll crusher may be damaged or burnt out, and the sieve and transport pipe installed in the production line may be blocked. It can cause trouble.
- the solidified powder raw material has a high risk of causing troubles in operation in itself melting, mixing with other raw materials, and kneading.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention is significantly harder than conventional quasi-drug grade powder, beverages using a production plant designed on the premise of handling powder raw materials In the fields of food manufacturing, cosmetics manufacturing, quasi-drug manufacturing, and pharmaceutical manufacturing, including other single or multiple powdered food materials, cosmetic materials, quasi-drug materials, pharmaceutical materials, etc. It has an excellent advantage that it can be contained in mind.
- powdery food materials described above include, for example, flour, starch, powdered sugar, powdered seasoning, powdered spice, powdered fruit juice, powdered oil and fat, powdered peptide, powdered egg yolk, powdered milk, skimmed powdered milk, powdered coffee, and powdered cocoa
- Cosmetic ingredients such as powdered miso, powdered soy sauce, vegetable powder are white powder (talent), talc, kaolin, mica, sericite, starch, bentonite, silk powder, cellulose powder, nylon powder, bath salt, soap Chips, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide (silica), zinc oxide, etc., as quasi-drug materials, for example, amino acid salts, vitamin agents, calcium agents, excipients, extenders, bactericides, enzyme agents, etc.
- Examples of pharmaceutical materials include powdered active ingredients, oligosaccharides, lactose, starch, dextrin, sucrose, crystalline cellulose Sucrose esters, excipients such as fatty acid esters, bulking agents, and coating agents such as shellac.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder obtained as described above usually contains L-ascorbic acid and / or D-glucose, and the reducing power of the whole powder is less than 1%. That is, the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder obtained as described above usually detects L-ascorbic acid and / or D-glucose, alone or in total, by an analytical method such as high performance liquid chromatography. Level, specifically 0.01% or more and 0.2% or less in terms of anhydride, but the reducing power of the whole powder is less than 1%. Even if heated in the presence of a compound having an amino group in the molecule such as protein, it is an excellent powder that does not substantially change color.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder obtained as described above preferably has an L-ascorbic acid content of 0.1% or less.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention having a low L-ascorbic acid content of 0.1% or less is stored for a relatively long period of time in the same product form as the quasi-drug grade powder. Even so, the powder itself is an excellent powder with no fear of coloring.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder obtained as described above usually contains 70% or more of particles having a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m, and particles having a particle size of 53 to 150 ⁇ m.
- Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals-containing powder product can be used as it is. If there are many powder particles with a large particle size or the particle size distribution is different from the desired particle size distribution, reduce the particle size appropriately or classify with a sieve or the like. The powder size can be adjusted by adjusting the particle size.
- test sample 1 As a standard sample consisting essentially of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, a reagent-grade powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (trade name “Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside 999”, code number: AG124, purity 99.9% This was used as test sample 1.
- Test sample 2 A standard sample consisting essentially of an amorphous part was obtained by dissolving test sample 1 in an appropriate amount of purified water, freeze-drying for 3 days, and then vacuum drying overnight at 40 ° C. or lower. A powder consisting of an amorphous part was used as test sample 2. In addition, it was 2.0% when the moisture content of the test sample 2 was measured by the Karl Fischer method.
- samples having an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal having a crystallinity between test sample 1 and test sample 2 were prepared by the following procedure. That is, a powder composed of an amorphous part prepared in the same manner as in the test sample 2 is spread in a metal tray and is kept in a constant temperature and humidity chamber adjusted to a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% for 24 hours or 72 hours. Crystallization was promoted by holding for a period of time, and the powder was partially crystallized. Thereafter, the metal tray was taken out of the chamber and vacuum dried at 38 ° C. overnight to prepare two types of powders.
- test sample 3 was stored for 24 hours in the constant temperature and humidity chamber, and the test sample 4 was stored for 72 hours.
- Test samples 3 and 4 were sealed in a vial with a lid until just before being subjected to an analytical test, and stored in a desiccator together with a desiccant.
- test samples 1 to 4 Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity and crystallinity of test samples 1 to 4> ⁇ Purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside> The ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity of test samples 1 to 4 was determined as follows. That is, any one of test samples 1 to 4 is made into a 2% solution with purified water, filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m membrane filter, then subjected to liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis under the following conditions, and appears in a chromatogram by a differential refractometer Calculated from the area of the measured peak and converted to anhydride. The results are shown in Table 1.
- HPLC liquid chromatography
- the crystallinity of the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals in test samples 1 to 4 was determined as follows. That is, using a commercially available reflected X-ray powder diffractometer (Spectris Co., Ltd., trade name “X'Pert PRO MPD”), a CuK ⁇ ray (X-ray tube) that is a characteristic X-ray emitted from a Cu counter cathode.
- X'Pert PRO MPD reflected X-ray powder diffractometer
- the analysis value H 100 is the analysis value of the crystallinity for the test sample 1
- the analysis value H 0 is the analysis value of the crystallinity for the test sample 2
- the analysis value of the crystallinity for each test sample is Hs.
- the degree of crystallinity was determined by substituting into the formula [1].
- the analysis value (analysis value H 100 ) of the crystallinity by the Hermans method for the test sample 1 and the analysis value (analysis value H 0 ) for the test sample 2 are 70.23% and 7.57%, respectively. there were.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- the powder X-ray-diffraction pattern was shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, respectively.
- Powder X-ray diffractometer High-speed powder X-ray diffractometer (Sold by Kozu Seiki, Model number “PDS-16”), Debye-Shera mode, Camera length: 497.2mm
- X-ray source Synchrotron radiation from a deflecting electromagnet (Hyogo Prefecture Beamline (BL08B2)) Measurement wavelength: 0.7717 angstrom (16.066 keV) Measurement intensity: 10 9 photons / second Measurement angle: 2 to 40 °
- Exposure time 600 seconds
- Image shooting Imaging plate (trade name “Imaging plate BAS-2040” manufactured by Fujifilm)
- Image reader Image analyzer (manufactured by FUJIFILM, “Bio Image Analyzer BAS-2500”)
- test samples 1 and 2 Prior to powder X-ray diffraction measurement, test samples 1 and 2 were ground with a mortar, sieved with a 53 ⁇ m sieve, and the powder passed through the sieve was subjected to X-ray crystal diffraction capillary (trade name “Mark” Tube ", No. 14 (0.6 mm in diameter, made by Lindeman Glass)) was uniformly filled so that the filling length was about 30 mm.
- the capillary is cut at the end of sample filling, and the opening is sealed with an adhesive, and then the capillary is fixed to the sample mount with clay, so that the longitudinal direction of the capillary is perpendicular to the optical axis of the powder X-ray diffractometer.
- the sample mount was attached to a powder X-ray diffractometer.
- the sample mount was mounted at a width of ⁇ 1.5 mm in the longitudinal direction of the capillary at a cycle of once / 60 seconds during the measurement. While reciprocating at a constant speed, the sample mount was rotated at a constant speed of 2 times / second with the longitudinal direction of the capillary as the rotation axis.
- each powder X-ray diffraction profile is converted into the powder X
- the background signal from the line diffractometer was removed.
- the powder X-ray diffraction patterns for the test samples 1 and 2 thus obtained are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.
- test sample 1 and test sample 2 are suitable as standard samples for determining the analysis value H 100 and analysis value H 0 in equation [1]. It confirms that it is a thing.
- Example 1-4 Solidification test>
- 1 g of each of the test samples 1 to 4 prepared in Experiment 1-1 was weighed, and each was separately divided into a hemispherical 14 ml polypropylene cylindrical tube with a cap (available from Becton Dickinson, trade name “Falcon Tube”). 2059 ”, 1.7 cm in diameter, 10 cm in height) and inside the incubator at 50 ° C.
- test sample 1 was a standard sample for determining analytical value H 100 (crystallinity 100.0%) disintegrate and taken out on a flat plate, while maintaining the shape of the tube bottom It was judged as “no consolidation” ( ⁇ ).
- test sample 2 (crystallinity 0.0%), which is a standard sample for determining the analysis value H 0 , clearly shows the hemisphere at the bottom of the tube, even if it is removed from the tube on a flat plate. It was clearly determined to be “consolidated” (+). The hemispherical shape of the inner bottom portion of the tube held by the test sample 2 taken out on the flat plate was such that it did not collapse when lightly vibrated on the flat plate.
- test sample 3 As with test sample 2, test sample 3 with a crystallinity of 88.3% clearly retains the hemisphere at the bottom of the tube even when taken out from the tube on a flat plate.
- test samples 2 to 4 were prepared based on the test sample 1 having an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity of 99.9% as described above. According to the HPLC analysis described above, these ascorbic acid 2-glucosides were prepared. The 2-glucoside purity was only 99.1%. The reason for this is not clear, but it is presumed that ascorbic acid 2-glucoside was lost due to decomposition or the like for a certain reason during the preparation.
- Example 2-2 Solidification test> Test samples 5 to 9 were subjected to the caking test of Experiment 1-4. The results are shown in the column “Caking” in Table 2. “Caking property” for test samples 1 and 2 in Table 2 is a transcription of the caking test results for test samples 1 and 2 listed in Table 1.
- the test sample 9 having a crystallinity of 29.9% was determined to be “solidified” (+), and the test sample 8 having a crystallinity of 89.2% was “ Slightly consolidated ”( ⁇ ).
- the test sample 7 having a crystallinity of 91.5%, the test sample 6 having a crystallinity of 92.6%, and the test sample 5 having a crystallinity of 99.8% are all included.
- Example 3-1 Measurement of dynamic water adsorption amount> About 50 mg of each of the test samples 1 and 2 prepared in Experiment 1-1 and the test samples 5 to 9 prepared in Experiment 2-1 were weighed and separately placed in a mesh bucket, and a bucket holder (manufactured by SUS). ) And placed in a moisture adsorption / desorption measuring device (trade name “IGA SORP”, sold by Hidden Isochem) under a nitrogen stream of 200 ml / min at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 0% for 12 hours. The water was removed from the test sample by keeping, and the test sample was immediately weighed.
- a moisture adsorption / desorption measuring device trade name “IGA SORP”, sold by Hidden Isochem
- the dynamic water adsorption amounts of the test samples 2, 5 to 9 are less than 0.01 which is the detection limit (that is, corresponding to “ ⁇ 0.01” in the table, the same applies hereinafter) to 1. Even if it is a powder containing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals containing 99.1% or more and less than 99.9% of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride, the amount of dynamic moisture adsorption varies. It is shown that there are some that are significantly different. That is, the dynamic water adsorption amounts of the test samples 1, 5, and 6 were all low values below the detection limit, whereas the test samples 2, 8, and 9 were all dynamics exceeding 0.05%. The moisture adsorption amount was shown. When the test sample 2 was reached, the dynamic moisture adsorption amount was 1.70%, which was 10 times or more that of the test samples 8 and 9.
- the results of this experiment show that the dynamic water adsorption amount can be a powerful indicator along with the degree of crystallinity in realizing powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside that is hard to solidify.
- An ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder containing 99.1% or more and less than 99.9% ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride has a dynamic water adsorption amount of 0.01% or less. It is judged that it does not solidify under the conditions of this experiment.
- test sample 1 shows an extremely high dynamic moisture adsorption amount of 1.70% suggests that the main component of moisture adsorption in the test sample 2 is an amorphous part.
- test sample 1 is confirming that is suitable as a standard sample for determining the analytical value H 100 underlying.
- Test sample 4-1 Preparation of test sample> A powder prepared in the same manner as Test Sample 2 in Experiment 1-1 was spread in a metal tray and stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber adjusted to a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% for 16 hours. This promoted crystallization, and the powder was partially crystallized. Thereafter, the metal tray is taken out from the chamber, dried at 40 ° C. for 8 hours, and then allowed to cool naturally for about 2 hours to obtain a test sample 10 and then dried at 20 ° C. for 15 minutes or 40 minutes. The powders obtained by spraying the powder in the metal tray and forcibly cooling the powder in the tray were designated as test sample 11 and test sample 12, respectively. Test samples 10 to 12 were sealed in a vial with a lid until immediately before being subjected to an analytical test, and stored in a desiccator together with a desiccant.
- Example 4-4 Solidification test> Test samples 10 to 12 were subjected to the caking test of Experiment 1-4. The results are shown in the column “Caking property” in Table 4 together with the results of the caking property test for the test sample 1 described in Table 1.
- the test sample 10 prepared by aging and drying the powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside obtained by crystallization and then allowing it to cool naturally was obtained from the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal.
- the crystallinity was 88.1%, and the dynamic water adsorption amount was 0.06%, which resulted in “solidified” (+) in the caking test.
- the test sample 11 which was forcedly cooled by blowing air at 20 ° C. for 15 minutes after aging and drying the powder, had a crystallinity of 91.5% ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals and dynamic moisture.
- the test sample 12 forcibly cooled by blowing air at 20 ° C. for 40 minutes had a crystallinity of 94.1% ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals and dynamic moisture adsorption.
- the amount was below the detection limit, and in the caking test, the result was “no caking” ( ⁇ ).
- Test samples 13 to 18 having different ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity shown in Table 5 were prepared from an aqueous solution containing L-ascorbic acid and dextrin, which is a starchy substance, as described below. -4 was subjected to the same caking test as in -4.
- dextrin (trade name “Paindex # 100” sold by Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is dissolved by heating in 15 parts by mass of water, 3 parts by mass of L-ascorbic acid is added, pH 5.5, and the liquid temperature is adjusted. While maintaining the temperature at 55 ° C, 100 units of CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus Tc-62 and 100 units of isoamylase (sold by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Co., Ltd.) per unit of dextrin were added for 50 hours. Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside was produced.
- glucoamylase (trade name “Gluczyme AF6”, sold by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.) is added per gram of dextrin and allowed to react for 24 hours.
- glucoamylase trade name “Gluczyme AF6”, sold by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ -glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid was decomposed to ascorbic acid 2-glucoside and the mixed oligosaccharide was decomposed to D-glucose.
- the production rate for ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the reaction solution was 39%.
- the reaction solution is heated to inactivate glucoamylase and decolorized and filtered with activated carbon.
- the filtrate is passed through a column of a cation exchange resin (H + type) and desalted, and then an anion exchange resin (OH ⁇ type).
- H + type a cation exchange resin
- OH ⁇ type an anion exchange resin
- a strongly acidic cation exchange resin manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name “Dawex 50WX4”, Ca 2+
- the eluate concentrated to about 50% of the solid content is loaded onto the column at about 1/50 volume of the wet resin volume, and purified water 50 times as large as the load volume is passed at a linear velocity of 1 m / hour.
- the composition of each fraction was measured by the HPLC method described in Experiment 1-1, and the concentration of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in terms of anhydride was 80% or more, and the concentration was reduced to about 76%.
- Concentrate under reduced pressure take the concentrated solution in an auxiliary crystal can, add 2% each of Test Sample 1 in Experiment 1-1 as seed crystals, and keep the temperature of the solution 40 over 2 days while gently stirring the concentrated solution.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals were crystallized by lowering from °C to 15 °C.
- Test samples 1 and 2 found in Table 5 are the same as those in Experiment 1-1, and the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, the crystallinity of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, The amount of moisture adsorbed is the result of the previous experiment as it is.
- a powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystals (trade name “AA2G”, sold by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc.), which is a conventional quasi-drug-grade powder, was used.
- the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, the crystallinity of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, and the dynamic water adsorption amount of the powder were measured. This is shown in FIG.
- Example 5-2 Solidification test> Test samples 13 to 19 obtained in Experiment 5-1 were tested for caking properties in the same manner as in Experiment 1-4. The results are shown in Table 5. In addition, the result of the caking property test about the test samples 1 and 2 seen in Table 5 is the one in Table 1 as it is.
- Experiment 5-3 Preservation test> Experiments were conducted to confirm that the caking test conducted in Experiments 1-4 etc. is a valid test for evaluating the caking properties of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder during actual storage. Regarding test sample 1 obtained by the method 1-1, test samples 13 to 18 obtained in experiment 5-1, and test sample 19, the state in which ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder is actually stored, environment, A shelf life test was conducted assuming the period.
- each of the test sample 1 and the test samples 13 to 19 were taken, and each was put into a doubled polyethylene bag (length 80 mm ⁇ width 600 mm) for each test sample.
- Each polyethylene bag is then placed in a steel can with the opening facing upward (18 liters), left uncovered without a steel can lid, and stored at room temperature in an environment without humidity control for 45 days. did.
- the polyethylene bag containing each test sample was taken out from the steel can, and the test sample was taken out from the bag on a black plastic flat plate, and the fluidity and solidification state of the test sample at that time were visually observed.
- test sample 2 consisting essentially of an amorphous part and test sample 19 which is a quasi-drug grade powder
- test sample 1 and test samples 13 to 18 As the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside increases, the crystallinity of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside tends to increase. Further, in the caking test, test samples 13 and 14 having ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity of 97.4% and 98.0%, respectively, were “solidified” (+) or “slightly consolidated” ( ⁇ On the other hand, test samples 15 to 18 having an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity of 98.6 to 99.7% were determined to be “no consolidation” ( ⁇ ).
- the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside of test samples 15 to 18 is 98.6 to 99.7%, and the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside of test sample 19 which is a quasi-drug grade powder is 98.9%.
- the purity of test sample 1 consisting of reagent-grade powder and consisting essentially of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside solidification is observed as in test sample 1. I could't.
- the crystallinity of the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals of the test samples 15 to 18 is 91.6 to 99.5%, and the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals of the test sample 19 which is a quasi-drug grade powder.
- the crystallinity of was 88.9%, which was below 90%. From these results, in order to obtain an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder that is significantly less consolidated than the test sample 19 which is a quasi-drug grade powder, crystallization of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal is performed. It is determined that the degree needs to be 90% or more.
- Test Sample 1 and Test Samples 13 to 18 as the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity increases, a tendency to decrease the dynamic water adsorption amount is observed, and the test in which the dynamic water adsorption amount is 0.07%.
- Sample 13 is “solidified” (+)
- test sample 19 having a dynamic water adsorption amount of 0.03% is “slightly consolidated” ”( ⁇ )
- the test sample 15 having a dynamic water adsorption amount of 0.01% and the test samples 16 to 18 having a dynamic water adsorption amount below the detection limit are“ no consolidation ( -) ".
- ⁇ Experiment 6 Relationship between crystallinity and crystallite size of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystal in anhydrous powder containing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside>
- one powder particle of a crystal-containing powder is considered to be composed of a plurality of single crystals, that is, a plurality of crystallites. If the crystallinity of the powder is high, the individual powder particles It is presumed that the size (diameter) of the crystallite is large.
- the crystallite size is calculated based on the “Scherrer formula” shown as the following formula [6] using the half-value (valence) width and diffraction angle of the diffraction peak calculated based on the powder X-ray diffraction profile.
- test sample 1 substantially composed of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside prepared in Experiment 1, the powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside of the present invention prepared in Experiment 5, and comprising ascorbic acid 2-glucoside Select test sample 15 whose purity and crystallinity of anhydrous crystals are relatively close to conventional quasi-drug-grade powder and test sample 19 that is the conventional quasi-drug-grade powder used in Experiment 5
- the crystallite size contained in one powder particle of these powders was calculated by the following method.
- the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) is considered to be separable in a relatively low-angle region that has little influence on the diffraction peak width, and the diffraction angles (2 ⁇ ) are 10.4 °, 13.2 °, and 18.3 °. , Diffraction peaks around 21.9 ° and 22.6 ° were selected.
- the powder X-ray diffraction profile of each test sample was processed and selected 5
- the half-value width and diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of the diffraction peak of the sample were measured, and the measured values were obtained using silicon (supplied by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), standard sample for X-ray diffraction (“Si640C”)) as a standard product. Based on the correction.
- the crystallite diameter of anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystals in these test samples was calculated by the program according to the “Scherrer equation” in the same software. .
- test sample is weighed in a 10 ml test tube with a screw cap in an amount of 150 mg in terms of anhydride, and the test tube is closed in the oven (sold by Masuda Rika Co., Ltd., trade name “DRYING-OVEN SA310”). And heated at 80 ° C. for 3 days. Next, the screw cap is removed from the test tube, 3 ml of deionized water is added to each test sample and dissolved, and then the absorbance at a wavelength of 400 nm is measured with a spectrophotometer (trade name “UV-2400PC”, sold by Shimadzu Corporation). Was measured.
- a spectrophotometer trade name “UV-2400PC”, sold by Shimadzu Corporation
- the degree of coloring associated with heating is when the absorbance value at a wavelength of 400 nm is less than 0.50: “not colored or substantially not colored” ( ⁇ ), the absorbance value is 0.50 or more. In the case of: It was judged in two stages of “coloring” (+). The results are shown in Table 7.
- the total amount of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose in each test sample was determined by the HPLC method described in Experiment 1-1.
- the amount of reducing sugar and the amount of total sugar were measured by the Sommoji-Nelson method and the anthrone sulfuric acid method, which are widely used in the field, using D-glucose as a standard substance. It was obtained by substituting into the above equation [3] and calculating.
- Table 7 shows the total amount of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose, the amount of L-ascorbic acid, and the reducing power of the whole powder in each test sample.
- test sample 1 which is a reagent grade powder consisting essentially of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals
- L-ascorbine is any of the powders. Acid and / or D-glucose was detected.
- L-ascorbic acid is highly reactive with oxygen and is considered to be involved in the coloration of powder containing anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, so that the amount of L-ascorbic acid is 0.1 In the case of% or less, there is no need to worry about substantial coloring when such powder is stored for a long time in the form of a conventional quasi-drug grade powder.
- Geobacillus stearothermophilus Tc-62 strain National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biological Deposit Center, accession number FERM BP-11143 was obtained using a slant medium of Nutrient Agar (sold by Difco), 50 Culturing was performed for 2 days at 0 ° C.
- One platinum loop from a slant medium, seed liquid containing 2% soluble starch, 0.5% ammonium chloride, 0.05% potassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.025% magnesium sulfate and 0.5% calcium carbonate Inoculate the medium, incubate with shaking at 50 ° C for 3 days, and then inoculate the culture medium obtained by seed culture into the main culture liquid medium with the same composition as the seed medium except that the soluble starch is replaced with dextrin. Bacteria and cultured with shaking at 50 ° C. for 3 days. The culture solution was sterilized by centrifugation, and the centrifuged supernatant was concentrated with a UF membrane until the amount of the solution was reduced to about 1/18 to obtain a CGTase crude enzyme solution.
- This reaction solution is heated to inactivate the enzyme, then adjusted to pH 4.5, and glucoamylase agent (sold by Amano Enzyme Inc., trade name “Gluczyme AF6”, 6,000 units / g) is liquefied starch Then, 50 units per gram of the solid content was added and treated at 55 ° C. for 24 hours to decompose ⁇ -glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid into ascorbic acid 2-glucoside and the mixed saccharide into D-glucose. The production rate of L-ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in this reaction solution was about 39%.
- the reaction solution contained about 0.1% of 5-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid and 6-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid in terms of anhydride. .
- the reaction solution is heated to inactivate the enzyme, decolorized and filtered with activated carbon, the filtrate is desalted with a cation exchange resin (H + type), and then L-ascorbic acid and an anion exchange resin (OH ⁇ type) are added.
- Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside was adsorbed, washed with water to remove D-glucose, and then eluted with 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution. Further, the eluate was concentrated to a solid content of about 50% and simulated using 10 columns filled with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin (trade name “Diaion UBK 550” Na + type, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). The sample was subjected to moving bed column chromatography.
- Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is prepared by charging the column with an eluate concentrated to about 50% solid content to about one-fourth of the wet resin volume and supplying the column with about 15 times the amount of the eluate. And fractions with a high content of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside with a low L-ascorbic acid content were collected. The ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content in the collected fraction was 92.2% in terms of anhydride.
- This fraction is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated solution having a concentration of about 72%, which is taken up in an auxiliary crystal can and containing L-ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal powder (Hayashibara Biological Co., Ltd.) sold as a standard reagent for analysis.
- L-ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal powder (Hayashibara Biological Co., Ltd.) sold as a standard reagent for analysis.
- Add 2% as seed crystal to 40 ° C and gently agitate the product as “Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside 999” (code number: AG124, purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside 99.9% or more) While gradually cooling, the temperature was lowered to 15 ° C. over 2 days, and anhydrous crystals of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside were precipitated.
- the precipitated crystals are recovered with a basket-type centrifuge, sprayed with a small amount of cold purified water, washed and then aged and dried at 38 ° C for 3 hours, and then cooled and blown with air at 25 ° C for 45 minutes. Crystallization of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity 99.5%, total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose 0.1%, L-ascorbic acid content less than 0.1%, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals An ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder having a degree of 97.0% and a reducing power of 0.25% of the whole powder was obtained. The dynamic moisture adsorption amount of this powder was below the detection limit.
- this powder was subjected to a caking test and a colorability test by the same methods as in Experiments 1-4 and 7, respectively. As a result, this powder was determined to be “no caking” ( ⁇ ) in the caking test. In the colorability test, it was determined that “it is not colored or substantially not colored” ( ⁇ ).
- this powder is more difficult to set and has a coloring property. Is easy to handle. Since this powder is no different from conventional quasi-drug-grade powder in that it is an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder, as with conventional quasi-drug-grade powder, Or it can mix with another component and it can use suitably as a powdery food material, a cosmetic material, a quasi-drug material, a pharmaceutical material, etc. Further, since the L-ascorbic acid content is 0.1% or less, there is no fear that the powder itself will be colored even if it is stored for a long time in the same product form as the conventional quasi-drug grade powder.
- glucoamylase agent sold by Nagase ChemteX Co., Ltd., trade name “Glucoteam # 20000”, 20,000 units / g was added at 50 units per gram of solid content of corn starch and reacted at 55 ° C.
- reaction solution is heated to inactivate the enzyme, then decolorized and filtered with activated carbon, the filtrate is desalted with a cation exchange resin (H + type), and then L-ascorbine is added to an anion exchange resin (OH ⁇ type).
- Acid and ascorbic acid 2-glucoside are adsorbed, washed with water to remove D-glucose, and then eluted with 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution. Further, a porous resin (trade name “Toyopearl HW-40”, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) is used.
- Toyopearl HW-40 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
- this powder When the particle size distribution of this powder was measured, it was found that 83.2% of particles having a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m and 57.1% of particles having a particle size of 53 ⁇ m or more and less than 150 ⁇ m were contained.
- a caking test and a colorability test were performed in the same manner as in Experiments 1-4 and 7, respectively. As a result, this powder was determined to be “no caking” ( ⁇ ) in the caking test. In the coloring test, it was determined that “it is not colored or substantially not colored” ( ⁇ ).
- this powder is more difficult to set and has a coloring property. Is easy to handle. Since this powder is no different from conventional quasi-drug-grade powder in that it is an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder, as with conventional quasi-drug-grade powder, Or it can mix with another component and it can use suitably as a powdery food material, a cosmetic material, a quasi-drug material, a pharmaceutical material, etc. Further, since the L-ascorbic acid content is 0.1% or less, there is no fear that the powder itself will be colored even if it is stored for a long time in the same product form as the conventional quasi-drug grade powder.
- FIG. Mutation was introduced into the gene DNA of the CGTase by the following procedure to obtain a mutant CGTase having an ability to produce ascorbic acid 2-glucoside as compared with the wild type CGTase.
- Geobacillus stearothermophilus Tc-91 stock held by the present inventors National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biodeposition Center, Deposit No. FERM P-2225 (Transferring to international deposit: receiving) No. FERM ABP-11273)
- CGTase gene is mutated without changing its encoded amino acid sequence to introduce or delete a restriction enzyme cleavage site, etc., which is recombined into a plasmid vector, and wild type CGTase is A recombinant DNA containing the encoding gene was prepared.
- the structure of the recombinant DNA “pRSET-iBTC12” is shown in FIG.
- a gene fragment (Nde I-EcoT22I fragment) encoding a region containing an active residue of wild-type CGTase in the obtained recombinant DNA was excised, and a PCR mutation kit (trade name “GeneMorph PCR Mutagenesis Kit”, Stratagene)
- a gene mixture encoding a CGTase variant in which various amino acid substitutions were generated by randomly mutating in vitro using a commercial product and returning to the original recombinant DNA was prepared.
- the mutated gene was incorporated into an expression plasmid vector to produce a recombinant DNA.
- Escherichia coli was transformed with the recombinant DNA to prepare a CGTase mutant gene library.
- a lysate containing a CGTase mutant was prepared as a crude enzyme solution from the cells obtained by culturing.
- the obtained crude enzyme solution is allowed to act on an aqueous solution containing L-ascorbic acid and a partially decomposed product of starch, and the resulting ⁇ -glycosyl L-ascorbic acid is treated with glucoamylase to produce ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.
- Transformants producing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside high-producing CGTase mutants were screened by comparing the amount with wild-type CGTase. In the screening process, a transformant carrying the target mutant CGTase gene was obtained.
- a transformant retaining the gene DNA encoding the CGTase mutant was prepared by using T medium (100 ⁇ l / ml ampicillin Na salt) (12 g of bacto-tryptone, 24 g of bacto-east extract, 5 ml of glycerol, 17 mM phosphoric acid per liter of the medium). The mixture was aerobically cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours using monopotassium and 72 mM dipotassium phosphate. The cells obtained by centrifuging the culture solution are crushed using an ultrasonic crusher (trade name “Ultra Sonic Homogenizer UH-600”, manufactured by MEST Co., Ltd.), and the lysate supernatant is 30 at 60 ° C. Heat treatment was performed for a minute to denature and inactivate the non-thermostable protein derived from the host. The heat treatment solution was further centrifuged to produce a partially purified preparation of CGTase mutant.
- T medium 100 ⁇ l / ml amp
- a glucoamylase agent Naagase ChemteX Co., Ltd., trade name “Glucoteam # 20000”, 20,000 units / g
- Glucoteam # 20000 20,000 units / g
- the production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in this reaction solution was about 40%.
- this reaction solution contained about 0.3% of 5-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid and 6-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid in total in terms of anhydride. .
- This reaction solution is heated to deactivate glucoamylase, decolorized and filtered with activated carbon, the filtrate is concentrated, L-ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid 2-glucoside are adsorbed on an anion exchange resin (OH - type), and washed with water. After removing D-glucose, it was eluted with 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution.
- the fraction was subjected to simulated moving bed column chromatography using a strongly acidic cation exchange resin, and a fraction having a high ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content and a low L-ascorbic acid content was collected. .
- the content of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in the collected fraction was 90.4% in terms of anhydride.
- Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder having 5% and a reducing power of 0.31% of the whole powder was obtained. Moreover, the dynamic moisture adsorption amount of this powder was below the detection limit.
- this powder When the particle size distribution of this powder was measured, it was found that 93.1% of particles having a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m and 48.2% of particles having a particle size of 53 ⁇ m or more and less than 150 ⁇ m were contained.
- a caking test and a colorability test were performed in the same manner as in Experiments 1-4 and 7, respectively. As a result, this powder was determined to be “no caking” ( ⁇ ) in the caking test. In the coloring test, it was determined that “it is not colored or substantially not colored” ( ⁇ ).
- this powder is more difficult to set and has a coloring property. Is easy to handle. Since this powder is no different from conventional quasi-drug-grade powder in that it is an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder, as with conventional quasi-drug-grade powder, Or it can mix with another component and it can use suitably as a powdery food material, a cosmetic material, a quasi-drug material, a pharmaceutical material, etc. Further, since the L-ascorbic acid content is 0.1% or less, there is no fear that the powder itself will be colored even if it is stored for a long time in the same product form as the conventional quasi-drug grade powder.
- Crystallization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3. The obtained crystals were collected, washed with a small amount of cold deionized water, and then aged and dried at 38 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity is 99.2%
- the total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose is less than 0.1%
- the L-ascorbic acid content is less than 0.1%
- ascorbic acid An anhydrous L-ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystal-containing powder having a crystallinity of 95.6% and a reducing power of 0.25% of the entire powder was obtained.
- the dynamic moisture adsorption amount of this powder was below the detection limit.
- this powder is more difficult to set and has a coloring property. Is easy to handle. Since this powder is no different from conventional quasi-drug-grade powder in that it is an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder, as with conventional quasi-drug-grade powder, Or it can mix with another component and it can use suitably as a powdery food material, a cosmetic material, a quasi-drug material, a pharmaceutical material, etc. Further, since the L-ascorbic acid content is 0.1% or less, there is no fear that the powder itself will be colored even if it is stored for a long time in the same product form as the conventional quasi-drug grade powder.
- FERM P-2225 Receipt number FERM ABP-11273)
- isoamylase produced by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Co., Ltd.
- a glucoamylase agent sold by Nagase ChemteX Co., Ltd., trade name “Glucoteam # 20000”, 20,000 units / g
- Glucoteam # 20000 50 units per gram of potato starch
- the production rate of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside in this reaction solution was about 38%.
- the reaction solution contained about 0.4% of 5-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid and 6-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid in terms of anhydride. .
- reaction solution is heated to inactivate the enzyme, then decolorized and filtered with activated carbon, the filtrate is desalted with a cation exchange resin (H + type), and then L-ascorbine is added to an anion exchange resin (OH ⁇ type).
- Acid and ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is adsorbed, washed with water to remove D-glucose, and then eluted with 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution. Further, porous resin (trade name “Toyopearl HW-40”, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) The fraction containing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside and containing a small amount of L-ascorbic acid was collected. The ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content in the collected fraction was 87.6% in terms of anhydride.
- this powder When the particle size distribution of this powder was measured, it was found that 83.0% of particles having a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m and 57.7% of particles having a particle size of 53 ⁇ m or more and less than 150 ⁇ m were contained.
- a caking test and a colorability test were performed in the same manner as in Experiments 1-4 and 7, respectively. As a result, this powder was determined to be “no caking” ( ⁇ ) in the caking test. In the coloring test, it was determined that “it is not colored or substantially not colored” ( ⁇ ).
- this powder is more difficult to set and has a coloring property. Is easy to handle. Since this powder is no different from conventional quasi-drug-grade powder in that it is an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder, as with conventional quasi-drug-grade powder, Or it can mix with another component and it can use suitably as a powdery food material, a cosmetic material, a quasi-drug material, a pharmaceutical material, etc. Further, since the L-ascorbic acid content is 0.1% or less, there is no fear that the powder itself will be colored even if it is stored for a long time in the same product form as the conventional quasi-drug grade powder.
- this reaction solution contained about 1.0% of 5-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid and 6-O- ⁇ -glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid in terms of anhydride. .
- the reaction solution was decolorized, desalted and purified in the same manner as in Example 5, and a fraction containing ascorbic acid 2-glucoside was collected. Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside-rich fraction was obtained. Was 87.7% in terms of anhydride.
- This high-content fraction was concentrated in the same manner as in Example 5 to crystallize ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, which was collected, aged, dried, and then cooled.
- Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside purity was 98.5%.
- a powder containing 1.17% anhydrous ascorbic acid 2-glucoside crystal was obtained.
- the dynamic water adsorption amount of this powder was 0.04%.
- the particle size distribution of this powder was measured, it was found that 78.1% of particles having a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m and 50.2% of particles having a particle size of 53 ⁇ m or more and less than 150 ⁇ m were contained.
- This powder was determined to be “solidified” (+) in the caking test.
- the coloring test it was determined to be “colored” (+).
- This powder has a crystallinity of less than 90% ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystals and a dynamic water adsorption amount exceeding 0.04% and 0.01%. There is a risk of solidifying during the storage period, and when this is used as a food material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, pharmaceutical material, etc., it may cause serious trouble. Further, since the L-ascorbic acid content is as high as 0.2%, the powder itself may be colored during the commercial flow or storage period.
- each powder was stored in a bag containing 10 kg for 45 days according to the actual product form, and ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powders of Examples 1 to 5 were used. Were determined to be “no consolidation” ( ⁇ ), whereas the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of Comparative Example 1 was judged to be “solidified” (+). These results were in good agreement with the results of the caking test.
- the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention shown in Experiments 1 to 7 and Examples 1 to 5 has a crystallinity of 90% or more with respect to the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal.
- the dynamic water adsorption amount is 0.01% or less below the detection limit
- L-ascorbic acid and / or D-glucose which are impurities specific to the production method, can be detected by ordinary liquid chromatography.
- the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside is more than 98.0% and less than 99.9%, specifically, the purity is 98.5% (see Example 5) or more and 99.8%.
- the purity of the reagent grade powder is less than 99.9%, and it can be distinguished from the reagent grade powder in terms of the purity of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, "No caking" in binding tests (-) to be determined, it is easy to handle powder.
- ⁇ Vitamin C powder formulation (application example as food material)> 20 parts by weight of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder obtained by any one of Examples 1 to 5 was used as a powdered food material, and 70 parts by weight of sucrose, 10 parts by weight of dextrin, and an appropriate amount of flavoring were added thereto. In addition, the mixture was stirred and mixed using a mixer to produce a vitamin C powder formulation. This product was able to be easily and uniformly mixed with ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder and other powders using a mixer, and could be manufactured without any problems in the manufacturing process.
- This product is a vitamin C powder preparation that can be easily mixed with other food materials and does not easily brown or consolidate even after long-term storage. Since this product and the composition containing this have the physiological function of vitamin C, they can be taken orally for the purpose of maintaining the health of the skin and mucous membranes and whitening.
- ⁇ Whitening powder (application example as a cosmetic material)> ⁇ Combination prescription> (Compounding ingredients) (%) ⁇ , ⁇ -trehalose 59.5 Polyethylene glycol 6000 20 Silica 5 Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder obtained by any one of Examples 1 to 15 Perfume Appropriate amount Colorant Appropriate amount Preservative Appropriate amount Make the total amount 100%.
- ⁇ Production method> Add ⁇ , ⁇ -trehalose, polyethylene glycol 6000, silica, fragrance, colorant and preservative to a blender, and uniformly mix the powder.
- Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside obtained by any of the methods of Examples 1 to 5
- An anhydrous crystal-containing powder was added and stirred and mixed until uniform to prepare a whitening powder.
- This product was able to be easily and uniformly mixed with ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder and other powders using a mixer, and could be manufactured without any problems in the manufacturing process.
- This product is a whitening powder that can be easily mixed with other cosmetic materials and does not cause browning or caking even after long-term storage.
- This product or a composition containing the same can be used as a skin external preparation for whitening purposes.
- Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder of the present invention is significantly harder to set than conventional quasi-drug-grade powders, and is therefore easier to handle than conventional quasi-drug-grade powders
- As a cosmetic material, a quasi-drug material or a pharmaceutical material it can be used in various fields such as foods and drinks, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, pharmaceuticals, feeds, feeds, chemicals, and industrial products.
- the method for producing an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder according to the present invention produces a desired amount and a low price of an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside anhydrous crystal-containing powder from natural starch and L-ascorbic acid. This method can be used in the industry for producing starch saccharified products and the industry for producing vitamin derivatives.
- FIG. 5 and 6 A: CGTase domain A B: Domain B of CGTase C: CGTase domain C D: CGTase domain D
- Spiral ⁇ -helix structure Plate-shaped arrow: ⁇ -sheet structure Thin string: Loop structure [1]: conserveed region 1 common to ⁇ -amylase family [2]: conserveed region 2 common to ⁇ -amylase family [3]: conserveed region 3 common to ⁇ -amylase family [4]: conserveed region 4 common to ⁇ -amylase family ⁇ : catalyst residue D225: 225th aspartic acid residue E253: one of catalytic residues in CGTase: 253rd glutamic acid residue D324: one of catalytic residues in CGTase: catalyst residue in CGTase One of the 324th aspartic acid residues in FIG. pUC ori: replication origin of plasmid pUC T7: T7 promoter white arrow (Amp
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において以下の用語は以下の意味を有している。
本明細書でいう「アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度」とは、下記式[1]によって定義される数値を意味する。
本明細書でいう「動的水分吸着量」とは、水分吸脱着測定装置を用い、温度25℃、相対湿度0%の条件下、窒素気流下で12時間保持して試料から遊離の水分を除去し、除去後の試料を秤量した後、試料を温度25℃、相対湿度35%の条件下で同じく窒素気流下に12時間保った直後に再度秤量し、得られた2種の秤量値に基づいて、下記式[2]により算出される値を意味する。
本明細書でいう「粉末全体の還元力」とは、D-グルコースを標準物質として用い、斯界において汎用されるソモジ-ネルソン法及びアンスロン硫酸法によりそれぞれD-グルコース換算に基づく還元糖量及び全糖量を求め、下記式[3]を用いて求めることができる、含まれる全糖量に対する還元糖量の百分率(%)を意味する。
本明細書において、粉末の粒度分布は以下のようにして決定する。すなわち、日本工業規格(JIS Z 8801-1)に準拠する、目開きが425、300、212、150、106、75及び53μmの金属製網ふるい(株式会社飯田製作所製)を正確に秤量した後、この順序で重ね合わせてロータップふるい振盪機(株式会社田中化学機械製造所製、商品名『R-1』)へ装着し、次いで、秤取した一定量の試料を最上段のふるい(目開き425μm)上に載置し、ふるいを重ね合わせた状態で15分間振盪した後、各ふるいを再度正確に秤量し、その質量から試料を載置する前の質量を減じることによって、各ふるいによって捕集された粉末の質量を求める。その後、ふるい上に載置した試料の質量に対する、各ふるいによって捕集された各粒度を有する粉末の質量の百分率(%)を計算し、粒度分布として表す。
本明細書でいう「アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの生成率」とは、L-アスコルビン酸と澱粉質とを含有する溶液にCGTaseなどの酵素を作用させて得られる酵素反応液中における、無水物換算したアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの含量(%)を意味する。
アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水物換算での含量とは、水分を含めないで計算した場合の全質量に占めるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの質量百分率(%)を意味する。例えば、溶液中のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水物換算での含量とは、溶液に含まれる水分を含めないで、残りの全固形分に対するアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの質量百分率を意味する。また、粉末中におけるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水物換算での含量とは、粉末中の水分を含めないで残部を粉末全質量として計算した場合の粉末全質量に対するアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの質量百分率を意味する。
本明細書において「CGTaseの活性」は以下のように定義される。すなわち、0.3%(W/V)可溶性澱粉、20mM酢酸緩衝液(pH5.5)、1mM塩化カルシウムを含む基質水溶液5mlに対し、適宜希釈した酵素液0.2mlを加え、基質溶液を40℃に保ちつつ、反応0分目及び反応10分目に基質溶液を0.5mlずつサンプリングし、直ちに0.02N硫酸溶液15mlに加えて反応を停止させた後、各硫酸溶液に0.2Nヨウ素溶液を0.2mlずつ加えて呈色させ、10分後、吸光光度計により波長660nmにおける吸光度をそれぞれ測定し、下記式[4]により澱粉分解活性として算出する。CGTaseの活性1単位とは、斯かる測定条件で、溶液中の澱粉15mgのヨウ素呈色を完全に消失させる酵素の量と定義する。
本明細書において「イソアミラーゼの活性」は以下のように定義される。すなわち、0.83%(W/V)リントナー(Lintner)可溶化ワキシーコーンスターチ、0.1M酢酸緩衝液(pH3.5)を含む基質水溶液3mlに対し、適宜希釈した酵素液0.5mlを加え、基質溶液を40℃に保ちつつ、反応30秒目と30分30秒目に基質溶液、を0.5mlずつサンプリングし、直ちに0.02N硫酸溶液を15mlずつ加えて反応を停止させ、各硫酸溶液に0.01Nヨウ素溶液を0.5mlずつ加え、25℃で15分間呈色させた後、吸光光度計により波長610nmにおける吸光度をそれぞれ測定し、下記式[5]により澱粉分解活性として算出する。イソアミラーゼの活性1単位とは、斯かる測定条件で、波長610nmの吸光度を0.004増加させる酵素の量と定義する。
<結晶化度及び動的水分吸着量>
本発明のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末は、上述したとおり、無水物換算でアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドを98.0%超、99.9%未満含有し、粉末X線回折プロフィルに基づき算出されるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度が90%以上であるか、又は、動的水分吸着量が0.01%以下であるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末である。以下の実験によって示すとおり、結晶化度又は動的水分吸着量が上記レベルにある本発明のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末は、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの純度、すなわち、無水物換算でのアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの含量が、医薬部外品級の粉末とほぼ同じレベルか、試薬級の粉末におけるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの純度に満たないにもかかわらず、医薬部外品級の粉末に比べて有意に固結し難い。
本発明のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末は、その好適な一態様において、粒径150μm未満の粒子を粉末全体の70%以上、かつ、粒径53μm以上150μm未満の粒子を粉末全体の40乃至60%含有する。本発明のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末は、例えば、食品素材などに求められる上記の粒度分布に容易に調整することができるので、食品素材、化粧品素材、医薬部外品素材、又は医薬品素材として、製造工程や原料規格を変えることなく、従前どおりに使用できるという利点を有している。
本発明のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末は、その好適な一態様において、L-アスコルビン酸及び/又はD-グルコースを含み、かつ、粉末全体の還元力が1%未満である。良く知られているとおり、L-アスコルビン酸やD-グルコースは直接還元性を有し、アミノ酸や蛋白質などの分子内にアミノ基を有する化合物の共存下で加熱すると褐色の着色を引き起こすので、これらの物質が製品としてのアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末に含まれることは好ましくない。しかし、例えば、L-アスコルビン酸と澱粉質とを含有する溶液にCGTaseなどの酵素を作用させる工程を経てアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末を製造する場合には、量の多寡はともかく、未反応のL-アスコルビン酸や、原料である澱粉質に由来するD-グルコースなどが、反応夾雑物として製品であるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末に混入することは避けられない。例えば、従来の医薬部外品級の粉末においては、含まれるL-アスコルビン酸とD-グルコースの量が、無水物換算した両者の合計で約1%にも達することがあり、食品素材などとして用いた場合に予期せぬ褐色の着色を引き起こすことがあった。
本発明のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末は、無水物換算でアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドを98.0%超、99.9%未満含有するアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末であって、粉末中のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度が90%以上であるか、又は、動的水分吸着量が0.01%以下である限り、如何なる方法によって製造されたものであっても良く、特定の製造方法によって製造されたものに限定されるものではない。
(1)L-アスコルビン酸と澱粉質とを含む溶液にCGTaseとグルコアミラーゼをこの順で作用させて、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの生成率が35%以上であるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含有溶液を得る工程;
(2)得られたアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含有溶液を精製して、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含量を無水物換算で86%超とする工程;
(3)アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドを無水物換算で86%超含有する溶液からアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水結晶を析出させる工程;
(4)析出したアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水結晶を採取する工程;
(5)採取されたアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水結晶を熟成、乾燥し、必要に応じて粉砕する工程。
以下、各工程について説明する。
(1)の工程は、L-アスコルビン酸と澱粉質とから酵素反応によってアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドを生成させる工程である。まず、使用する原料及び酵素について説明し、次に行われる酵素反応について説明する。
(L-アスコルビン酸)
用いるL-アスコルビン酸としては、ヒドロキシ酸の形態のものであっても、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩などの金属塩の形態のものであっても、さらには、それらの混合物であっても差し支えない。
また、用いる澱粉質としては、馬鈴薯澱粉、甘藷澱粉、タピオカ澱粉、コーンスターチ、小麦澱粉などが挙げられる。澱粉質としては、分子内に実質的な枝分かれ構造を有せず、かつ、グルコース重合度が揃ったものが好ましく、例えば、シクロマルトデキストリン、シクロアミロース、合成アミロースなどは、グルコース重合度が、いずれも6乃至100の範囲にあり、直鎖構造又は直鎖の環状構造を有しているので好ましい。また、澱粉質として、通常一般の液化澱粉や、デキストリンなどの澱粉部分分解物を用いる場合には、CGTaseとともに、例えば、イソアミラーゼ(EC 3.2.1.68)、プルラナーゼ(EC 3.3.1.41)などの澱粉枝切り酵素を併用して、澱粉の枝分かれ部分を切断し、そのグルコース重合度を調整するのが好ましい。なお、澱粉枝切り酵素としては、イソアミラーゼが、酵素活性及び基質特異性などの面で取り扱い易いので特に好ましい。
用いるCGTase(EC2.4.1.19)としては、上述したとおり、L-アスコルビン酸と澱粉質とを含有する溶液にCGTaseとグルコアミラーゼとをこの順で作用させたときに、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドを生成率35%以上の高率で生成させることができる限り、その起源や由来に特段の制限はなく、天然の酵素であっても、遺伝子組換えによって得られる酵素であっても良い。天然の酵素としては、例えば、ジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィルス(Geobacillus stearothermophilus)Tc-62株由来のCGTase、及びジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィルスTc-27株由来のCGTaseが、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドについて高い生成率が得られるので好ましく、中でも、ジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィルスTc-62株が産生するCGTaseがアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの生成率の観点からは最も好ましい。
用いるグルコアミラーゼ(EC3.2.1.3)にも特に制限はなく、L-アスコルビン酸と澱粉質とを含有する溶液に、CGTaseとグルコアミラーゼとをこの順に作用させたときに、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドを生成率35%以上の高率で生成させることができる限り、その起源や由来に特段の制限はなく、天然の酵素であっても、遺伝子組換えによって得られる酵素であっても良い。
次に、L-アスコルビン酸への糖転移反応について説明する。まず、L-アスコルビン酸と澱粉質とを含有する溶液、通常は水溶液にCGTaseを作用させる。L-アスコルビン酸と澱粉質とを含む水溶液にCGTaseを作用させると、CGTaseの酵素作用によって、L-アスコルビン酸の2位の水酸基に1個又は2個以上のD-グルコースが転移し、前記2位の水酸基に1個のD-グルコースが結合したアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドが生成するとともに、前記2位の水酸基に2個以上のD-グルコースが結合した2-O-α-マルトシル-L-アスコルビン酸、2-O-α-マルトトリオシル-L-アスコルビン酸、2-O-α-マルトテトラオシル-L-アスコルビン酸などのα-グリコシル-L-アスコルビン酸が生成する。
(2)の工程は、上記(1)の工程で得られたアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含有溶液を精製して、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含量を無水物換算で86%超とする工程である。すなわち、(1)の工程で得られたアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含有溶液を、活性炭などにより脱色濾過し、濾液をカチオン交換樹脂により脱塩し、さらに、カラムクロマトグラフィーを適用することにより、溶液中のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含量を無水物換算で86%超、好ましくは88%以上にまで精製する。精製に用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーとしては、溶液中のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含量を無水物換算で86%超にまで高めることができる限り、原則的にどのようなカラムクロマトグラフィーを用いても良いが、好適な例としては、D-グルコースなどの糖類を除去するためのアニオン交換樹脂を用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーに続き、カチオン交換樹脂又は多孔性樹脂を用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーを行うのがよい。D-グルコースなどの糖類を除去するための望ましいアニオン交換樹脂としては、『アンバーライトIRA411S』、『アンバーライトIRA478RF』(以上、ローム・アンド・ハース社製)、『ダイヤイオンWA30』(三菱化学社製)等が挙げられる。アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドとL-アスコルビン酸とを分離するための望ましいカチオン交換樹脂としては、『ダウエックス 50WX8』(ダウケミカル社製)、『アンバーライト CG120』(ローム・アンド・ハース社製)、『XT-1022E』(東京有機化学工業社製)、『ダイヤイオンSK104』、『ダイヤイオン UBK 550』(以上、三菱化学社製)等が挙げられる。多孔性樹脂としては、『トヨパールHW-40』(東ソー社製)、『セルファインGH-25』(チッソ社製)等を挙げることができる。カチオン交換樹脂又は多孔性樹脂を用いてカラムクロマトグラフィーを行う場合、カラムに負荷する原料液の濃度は固形分約10乃至50%、樹脂への負荷量は湿潤樹脂容積の約1/1000乃至1/20、湿潤樹脂容積とほぼ等量の精製水を線速度0.5乃至5m/時間で通液するのが望ましい。中でも、カチオン交換樹脂を用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーとして擬似移動床式を用いる場合には、精製して得られるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの純度が高まり、L-アスコルビン酸やD-グルコースなどの夾雑物、特に、L-アスコルビン酸含量が低減され、L-アスコルビン酸含量が無水物換算で0.1%以下と少ないアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末が得られるので好ましい。因みに、カチオン交換樹脂を充填剤として用いる擬似移動床式のカラムクロマトグラフィーにおける溶離条件としては、操作温度、設定流速などにもよるが、擬似移動床式のカラムクロマトグラフィーに供されるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含有溶液の濃度は無水物換算で60%以下、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含有溶液の負荷量は湿潤樹脂容積に対し容積比で1/20以下、溶離液として用いる精製水量は容積比で前記負荷量の30倍まで、通常、5~20倍程度とするのが好ましい。
(3)の工程は、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドを無水物換算で86%超、好ましくは88%以上含有する溶液からアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水結晶を析出させる工程である。すなわち、(2)の工程で所定の純度及び濃度にまで精製、濃縮され、所定の温度に調整されたアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含有溶液は、助晶缶に移され、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶の種晶を0.1乃至5%含有せしめ、緩やかに撹拌しつつ、6乃至48時間かけて液温を5乃至20℃まで徐冷することによりアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶を析出させる。なお、助晶缶内等に既にアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水結晶の種晶が存在する場合には、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水結晶の種晶は特段添加する必要はない。いずれにせよ、濃縮液からのアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水結晶の析出は、種晶の存在下で行われれば良い。また、必要に応じて、精製液の濃縮と、濃縮液からのアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水結晶の析出は、それらを同時に行う煎糖方式によって行っても良い。
(4)の工程は、析出したアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水結晶を採取する工程である。すなわち、助晶缶からマスキットを採取し、常法にしたがい、このマスキットからアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶を遠心分離によって採取する。
(5)の工程は、採取されたアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの無水結晶を熟成、乾燥し、必要に応じて粉砕する工程である。すなわち、遠心分離によって採取したアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶を少量の脱イオン水や蒸留水などの精製水などで洗浄し、結晶表面に付着した不純物を洗い流す。洗浄に用いる水の量には特段の制限はないが、多すぎると表面の不純物だけでなく結晶自体も溶解するので歩留まりが低下し、加えて、洗浄水のコストも嵩むので、通常は、結晶質量の30%まで、好ましくは15~25%の量の洗浄水を用いて結晶表面を洗浄するのが望ましい。なお、この洗浄は、結晶をバスケット式の遠心分離器に入れ、遠心力下で行うのが望ましい。かくして採取、洗浄された結晶は、所定の温度及び湿度雰囲気中に一定時間保持することにより、熟成、乾燥し、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度が90%以上であるか、又は、動的水分吸着量が0.01%以下の粉末とする。
アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度が0乃至100%の範囲にある複数のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末を調製し、それらの固結性を試験することにより、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末における結晶化度と固結性との関連性を調べた。詳細は以下のとおり。
<被験試料1>
実質的にアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶からなる標準試料として、試薬級のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末(商品名『アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド 999』、コード番号:AG124、純度99.9%以上)を使用し、これを被験試料1とした。
実質的に無定形部分からなる標準試料としては、被験試料1を適量の精製水に溶解し、3日間かけて凍結乾燥した後、40℃以下で1晩真空乾燥して得られた、実質的に無定形部分からなる粉末を使用し、これを被験試料2とした。なお、被験試料2の水分含量をカールフィッシャー法により測定したところ、2.0%であった。
被験試料3、4として、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度が、被験試料1と被験試料2の間に入るものを以下の手順で調製した。すなわち、被験試料2と同様にして調製した無定形部分からなる粉末を金属製トレイ内に延展し、温度25℃、相対湿度90%に調整された恒温、恒湿のチャンバー内に24時間又は72時間収容することにより結晶化を促し、粉末を部分的に結晶化させた。その後、金属製トレイをチャンバーから取り出し、38℃で一晩真空乾燥することにより2種類の粉末を調製した。恒温、恒湿のチャンバー内の収容時間が24時間のものを被験試料3、72時間のものを被験試料4とした。なお、被験試料3及び4は、分析試験に供する直前まで蓋つきバイアル瓶内に密封し、乾燥剤とともにデシケーター内に密封保存した。
<アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド純度>
被験試料1乃至4のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド純度を以下のようにして求めた。すなわち、被験試料1乃至4のいずれかを精製水により2%溶液とし、0.45μmメンブランフィルターにより濾過した後、下記条件による液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)分析に供し、示差屈折計によるクロマトグラムに出現したピークの面積から計算し、無水物換算した。結果は表1に示した。
・分析条件
HPLC装置:『LC-10AD』(株式会社島津製作所製)
デガッサー:『DGU-12AM』(株式会社島津製作所製)
カラム:『Wakopak Wakobeads T-330』(和光純薬工業株式会社販売 H+型)
サンプル注入量:10μl
溶離液:0.01%(容積/容積)硝酸水溶液
流 速:0.5ml/分
温 度:25℃
示差屈折計:『RID-10A』(株式会社島津製作所製)
データ処理装置:『クロマトパックC-R7A』(株式会社島津製作所製)
被験試料1乃至4におけるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度を以下のようにして求めた。すなわち、市販の反射光方式による粉末X線回折装置(スペクトリス株式会社製、商品名『X’Pert PRO MPD』)を用い、Cu対陰極から放射される特性X線であるCuKα線(X線管電流40mA、X線管電圧45kV、波長1.5405オングストローム)による粉末X線回折プロフィルに基づき、同粉末X線回折装置に搭載された専用の解析コンピューターソフトウェアを用い、被験試料1乃至4の各々についてハーマンス法による結晶化度の解析値を求めた。ハーマンス法による結晶化度の解析に先立ち、各粉末X線回折パターンにおけるピーク同士の重なり、回折強度、散乱強度などを勘案しながら、最適と判断されるベースラインが得られるように、ソフトウェアに設定された粒状度及びベンディングファクターをそれぞれ適切なレベルに合わせた。なお、ハーマンス法については、ピー・エイチ・ハーマンス(P.H.Harmans)とエー・ワイジンガー(A. Weidinger)、「ジャーナル・オブ・アプライド・フィジクス」(Journal of Applied Physics)、第19巻、491~506頁(1948年)、及び、ピー・エイチ・ハーマンス(P.H.Harmans)とエー・ワイジンガー(A. Weidinger)、「ジャーナル・オブ・ポリマー・サイエンス」(Journal of Polymer Science)、第4巻、135~144頁(1949年)に詳述されている。
本実験では、被験試料1及び2がそれぞれ、解析値H100及びH0を決定するための標準試料として適切なものであることをさらに裏付ける目的で、これら被験試料をシンクロトロン放射光(以下、「放射光」と言う。)をX線源に用い、微弱な回折や散乱のシグナルを検出することができる透過光方式の粉末X線回折に供した。なお、測定条件は次のとおりであった。
粉末X線回折装置:高速粉末X線回折装置(神津精機社販売、
型番『PDS-16』)、デバイシェラモード、
カメラ長:497.2mm
X線源 :偏向電磁石からの放射光(兵庫県ビームライン(BL08B2))
測定波長:0.7717オングストローム(16.066keV)
測定強度:109フォトン/秒
測定角 :2乃至40°
露光時間:600秒間
画像撮影:イメージングプレート(富士フイルム社製、商品名『イメージングプレート BAS-2040』)
画像読取装置:イメージアナライザー(富士フイルム社製、『バイオイメージアナライザー BAS-2500』)
被験試料1乃至4の各々について、その固結性を調べる目的で、以下の実験を行った。すなわち、実験1-1で調製した被験試料1乃至4を1gずつ秤取し、それぞれ別個に内底部が半球状の14ml容蓋つきポリプロピレン製円筒チューブ(ベクトン・ディッキンソン社販売、商品名『ファルコンチューブ2059』、直径1.7cm、高さ10cm)の内部に充填し、チューブを試験管立てに直立させた状態で50℃のインキュベーター(アドバンテック東洋株式会社販売、商品名『CI-410』)の内部に収容し、24時間にわたって静置した後、チューブをインキュベーター外に取り出し、チューブから蓋を外し、チューブを緩慢に転倒させることにより、被験試料を黒色プラスチック製平板上に取り出し、取り出された被験試料の状態を肉眼観察した。
本実験では、実験1の結果に基づき、固結性と結晶化度の関係をさらに詳細に調べるために、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度が0乃至100%の範囲にあり、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの純度が99.1乃至99.9%である7種類のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末を用い、実験1におけると同様に固結性について試験した。
実験1-1で調製した被験試料1と被験試料2とをそれぞれ適量とり、均一に混合することにより、表2に示す被験試料5乃至9の粉末を調製した。実験1-2に記載した方法によって求めた被験試料5乃至9のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド純度と、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度は表2に示すとおりであった。なお、表2における被験試料1及び2についての結果は表1から転記した。
被験試料5乃至9を実験1-4の固結性試験に供した。結果を表2の「固結性」の欄に示した。なお、表2における被験試料1及び2についての「固結性」は、表1に記載した被験試料1及び2についての固結性試験結果を転記したものである。
アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末の固結には粉末の吸湿性が有意に関与していると推定されることから、本実験では、被験試料1及び2ならびに被験試料5乃至9につき、吸湿性の多寡を判定する有用な指標の1つであると考えられる動的水分吸着量を測定し、実験2-2で得た固結性についての試験結果と照合することにより、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末の固結におよぼす動的水分吸着量の影響について検討した。
実験1-1で調製した被験試料1及び2、並びに実験2-1で調製した被験試料5乃至9を、それぞれ約50mgずつ秤取し、それぞれ別個に、メッシュバケットに入れ、バケットホルダー(SUS製)に設置した状態で水分吸脱着測定
装置(Hiden Isocheme社販売、商品名『IGA SORP』)の内部に静置し、200ml/分の窒素気流下、温度25℃、相対湿度0%で12時間保つことにより被験試料から水分を除去し、直ちに被験試料を秤量した。その後、さらに、窒素気流下、温度25℃、相対湿度35%で12時間保ち、再度秤量した。水分を一旦除去した被験試料の質量と、被験試料を窒素気流下、温度25℃、相対湿度35%で12時間加湿した直後の質量とを上記式[2]に代入し、動的水分吸着量(%)を求めた。被験試料1及び2ならびに被験試料5乃至9につき、本実験で得た動的水分吸着量の結果を表3に示す。併せて、実験2-1で得たアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの純度、及び実験2-2で得た固結性についての試験結果を表3に示す。
先行する実験により、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末においては、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度と粉末の動的水分吸着量とが、それぞれ、粉末の固結性と密接な関係を有していることが明らかとなった。本実験では、粉末製造時の熟成、乾燥工程後における結晶含有粉末の強制冷却が、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末の結晶化度、動的水分吸着量及び固結性に及ぼす影響について調べた。
実験1-1における被験試料2と同様にして調製した粉末を金属製トレイ内に延展し、温度25℃、相対湿度90%になるように調節した恒温、恒湿のチャンバー内に16時間収容することにより結晶化を促し、粉末を部分的に結晶化させた。その後、金属製トレイをチャンバーから取り出し、40℃で8時間乾燥させ、続いて、約2時間自然に放冷して得た粉末を被験試料10、乾燥後に20℃の空気を15分間又は40分間金属製トレイ内の粉末に吹き付けてトレイ内の粉末を強制冷却することにより得た粉末を、それぞれ被験試料11及び被験試料12とした。なお、被験試料10乃至12は、分析試験に供する直前まで蓋つきバイアル瓶内に密封し、乾燥剤とともにデシケーター内に密封保存した。
実験1-2に記載した方法によって、被験試料10乃至12のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド純度を求め、表4に記載した。被験試料1のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド純度は表1から転記した。
被験試料10乃至12のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度及び粉末の動的水分吸着量は、それぞれ実験1及び実験3記載の方法で測定した。結果を表4に示す。なお、表4における被験試料1についての結果は表1及び表3から転記した。
被験試料10乃至12を実験1-4の固結性試験に供した。結果を、表1に記載した被験試料1についての固結性試験の結果とともに、表4における「固結性」の欄に示した。
先行する実験によって、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド純度が99.1%以上という高純度のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末においては、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度と粉末の動的水分吸着量とが、それぞれ、粉末の固結性と密接な関係を有していることが明らかとなった。本実験では、さらに、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末の固結性とアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド純度との関係について検討した。
以下のようにして、L-アスコルビン酸と、澱粉質の一種であるデキストリンとを含有する水溶液から、表5に示すアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド純度が互いに異なる被験試料13乃至18を調製し、実験1-4におけると同様の固結性試験に供した。
実験5-1で得た被験試料13乃至19の固結性を実験1-4におけると同様の方法で試験した。結果を表5に示す。なお、表5に見られる被験試料1及び2についての固結性試験の結果は表1におけるものをそのまま転記したものである。
実験1-4等において行われた固結性試験が、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末の実際の保存時における固結性を評価する試験として妥当なものであることを確認すべく、実験1-1の方法で得た被験試料1、実験5-1で得た被験試料13乃至18、及び被験試料19について、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末が実際に保存される状態、環境、期間などを想定した保存性試験を行った。
一般的に、結晶含有粉末の一個の粉末粒子は複数の単結晶、すなわち、複数の結晶子により構成されていると考えられており、その粉末の結晶化度が高ければ、個々の粉末粒子の結晶子の大きさ(径)は大きいと推測される。斯かる結晶子径は、粉末X線回折プロフィルに基づき算出される回折ピークの半値(価)幅と回折角を用い、下記式[6]として示す「シェラー(Scherrer)の式」に基づき算出することができるとされており、一般的な粉末X線回折装置には、斯かる結晶子径算出用のコンピューターソフトウェアが搭載されている。そこで、実験1で調製した実質的にアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶からなる被験試料1、実験5で調製した本発明のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末であって、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの純度及びその無水結晶の結晶化度が従来の医薬部外品級の粉末に比較的近い被験試料15、及び、実験5で用いた従来の医薬部外品級の粉末である被験試料19を選択し、下記方法により、これら粉末の一個の粉末粒子に含まれる結晶子径を算出した。
結晶子径算出の基となる粉末X回折プロフィルとして、実験1或いは実験5において、それぞれ、被験試料1、15、19におけるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶についての結晶化度の解析値の決定に用いた粉末X回折プロフィルを用いた。斯かる末X回折プロフィルを解析し、作成した回折パターンから、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶の結晶子径の計算に用いる回折ピークとして、一個の粉末粒子内における結晶子の不均一歪に起因する回折ピーク幅への影響が少ないとされる比較的低角の領域で、かつ、個々に分離可能と考えられた、回折角(2θ)が10.4°、13.2°、18.3°、21.9°及び22.6°の付近の回折ピークを選択した。粉末X線回折装置に付属する解析処理用コンピューターソフトウェア(『エクスパート ハイスコア プラス(X’pert Highscore Plus)』)を用い、各々の被験試料の粉末X線回折プロフィルを処理し、選択した5個の回折ピークの半値幅と回折角(2θ)を求め、標準品として珪素(米国国立標準技術研究所(NIST)供給、X線回折用標準試料(『Si640C』))を用いた場合の測定値に基づき補正した。この補正後の半値幅と回折角(2θ)を用い、同ソフトウェア中の「シェラー(Scherrer)の式」によるプログラムにて、これら被験試料におけるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶の結晶子径を算出した。結果を表6に示す。なお、各被験試料の結晶子径は、選択した5個の回折ピークそれぞれについて算出し、それらの平均値として示した。また、各被験試料のアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの純度及びその無水結晶についての結晶化度は表5におけるものをそのまま転記したものである。因みに、被験試料15及び19の粉末X線回折パターンは、何れも、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶に特有の明瞭、かつ、シャープな回折ピークが回折角(2θ)4乃至65°の範囲に出現し、回折ピークのパターンは、被験試料1の粉末X線回折パターン(図1)とよく整合していたので、これらの被験試料の粉末X線回折プロフィルから、各々の被験試料に含まれるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶の結晶子径を算出し、比較することは妥当と判断した。
先行する実験で用いた被験試料は、いずれも、L-アスコルビン酸と澱粉質とを含む溶液にCGTaseを作用させる工程を経て得られたアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含有溶液から調製されるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末である。このような製法による場合、得られる粉末には、量の多寡はともかく、製造方法に特有の夾雑物であるL-アスコルビン酸及びD-グルコースが含まれることになる。L-アスコルビン酸やD-グルコースは、いずれも還元性を有しており、含まれる量にもよるが、蛋白質やアミノ酸などのアミノ基を有する化合物を含む製品に使用した場合、製品に不都合な変色をもたらす恐れがある。中でも、L-アスコルビン酸は、酸素との反応性が高く、これを使用した製品に不都合な変色をもたらすだけでなく、従来の医薬部外品級の粉末を長期間保存した場合に往々にして認められた粉末自体の着色の原因ともなると考えられる。
ジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィルス Tc-62株(独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センター、受託番号FERM BP-11143)を、ニュートリエント・アガー(Difco社販売)のスラント培地を用いて、50℃で2日間培養した。スラント培地より菌体を1白金耳とり、可溶性澱粉2%、塩化アンモニウム0.5%、リン酸水素カリウム0.05%、硫酸マグネシウム0.025%及び炭酸カルシウム0.5%を含むシード用液体培地に植菌し、50℃で3日間振とう培養し、さらに、シード培養して得た培養液を、可溶性澱粉をデキストリンに換えた以外はシード培地と同一組成のメイン培養用液体培地に植菌して、50℃で3日間振とう培養した。この培養液を遠心分離にて除菌し、遠心上清をUF膜にて液量が約18分の1になるまで濃縮し、CGTase粗酵素液とした。
液化馬鈴薯澱粉4質量部を水20質量部に加えて加熱溶解し、L-アスコルビン酸3質量部を加え、pHを5.5に調整し基質溶液とした。これに、上記CGTaseの粗酵素液を液化澱粉の固形分1g当り100単位と、イソアミラーゼ(株式会社林原製造)を液化澱粉の固形分1g当り250単位とを加え、55℃で40時間反応させアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドとともに、2-O-α-マルトシル-L-アスコルビン酸、2-O-α-マルトトリオシル-L-アスコルビン酸、2-O-α-マルトテトラオシル-L-アスコルビン酸などのα-グリコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を生成させた。
ジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィルス Tc-62株に換えてジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィルス Tc-27株(独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センター 受託番号FERM BP-11142)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてCGTase粗酵素液を調製した。
コーンスターチ5質量部を水15質量部に加え、市販の液化酵素を加え加熱溶解し、L-アスコルビン酸3質量部を加え、pHを5.5に調整し基質溶液とした。これに、上記CGTaseの粗酵素液とイソアミラーゼ(株式会社林原生物化学研究所製造)とを、それぞれコーンスターチの固形分1g当り100単位及び1,000単位加えて55℃で50時間反応させアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド、及びその他のα-グリコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を生成させた。
ジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス(旧分類ではバチルス・ステアロサーモフィラス) Tc-91株起源のCGTaseは、その遺伝子がクローニングされ、遺伝子の塩基配列(配列表における配列番号2で示される塩基配列)から成熟型CGTaseのアミノ酸配列(配列表における配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列)が決定されており、当該CGTaseのアミノ酸配列上にはα-アミラーゼファミリーに分類される酵素群に共通して存在するとされる4つの保存領域が存在することが知られている。また、当該CGTase蛋白の立体構造はX線結晶構造解析によって既に明らかにされており、図5に示すように、A、B、C及びDの4つのドメインを有するとされている(『工業用糖質酵素ハンドブック』、講談社サイエンティフィク編集、講談社発行、56乃至63頁(1999年)参照)。さらに、当該CGTaseの3つの触媒残基、すなわち、配列表における配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列における225番目のアスパラギン酸(D225)、253番目のグルタミン酸(E253)、324番目のアスパラギン酸(D324)も判明している(『工業用糖質酵素ハンドブック』、講談社サイエンティフィク編集、講談社発行、56乃至63頁(1999年)参照)。当該CGTaseの一次構造の模式図を図6に示す。当該CGTaseの遺伝子DNAに下記の手順で変異を導入し、野生型CGTaseよりもアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの生成能に優れる変異CGTaseを取得した。
馬鈴薯澱粉5質量部を水15質量部に加え、市販の液化酵素を加え加熱溶解し、L-アスコルビン酸3質量部を加え、pHを5.5に調整し基質溶液とした。これに上記方法で得たCGTase変異体の部分精製標品を馬鈴薯澱粉1g当り20単位加え、65℃で72時間反応させアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド及びα-グリコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を生成させた。反応後、反応液を加熱しCGTase変異体を失活させた。この反応液に、グルコアミラーゼ剤(ナガセケムテックス株式会社販売、商品名『グルコチーム#20000』、20,000単位/g)を馬鈴薯澱粉1g当り100単位加えて、pH5.0、40℃で約18時間反応させることにより反応液中のα-グリコシル-L-アスコルビン酸をアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドにまで、また、混在する糖質をD-グルコースにまで分解した。本反応液におけるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの生成率は約40%であった。また、本反応液は、無水物換算で、5-O-α-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸と6-O-α-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸とを合計で約0.3%含有していた。
CGTaseと共にイソアミラーゼ(株式会社林原製造)を澱粉固形物1g当り500単位加えて55℃で反応させた以外は、実施例3と同様の方法で酵素反応を行った。グルコアミラーゼ処理後の反応液のL-アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド生成率は約45%であった。また、本反応液は、無水物換算で、5-O-α-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸と6-O-α-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸とを合計で約0.2%含有していた。実施例3と同様に精製し、採取した画分におけるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド含量は無水物換算で91.8%であった。
馬鈴薯澱粉5質量部を水15質量部に加え、市販の液化酵素を加え加熱溶解し、L-アスコルビン酸3質量部を加え、pHを5.5に調整し基質溶液とした。これに、CGTase(株式会社林原生物化学研究所製造、ジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィルス Tc-91株(独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センター 受託番号FERM P-2225(国際寄託に移管手続中:受領番号FERM ABP-11273))由来)とイソアミラーゼ(株式会社林原生物化学研究所製造)を、それぞれ馬鈴薯澱粉1g当り100単位及び1,000単位加えて55℃で50時間反応させアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド及びその他のα-グリコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を生成させた。この反応液を加熱し酵素を失活させた後、pHを4.5に調整し、これにグルコアミラーゼ剤(ナガセケムテックス株式会社販売、商品名『グルコチーム#20000』、20,000単位/g)を馬鈴薯澱粉1g当り50単位加え、55℃で24時間反応させ、α-グリコシル-L-アスコルビン酸をアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドにまで、また、混在する糖質をD-グルコースにまで分解した。本反応液におけるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの生成率は約38%であった。また、本反応液は、無水物換算で、5-O-α-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸と6-O-α-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸とを合計で約0.4%含有していた。
イソアミラーゼを用いなかった以外は実施例5と同一の方法で、ジオバチルス・ステアロサーモフィルス Tc-91株(独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センター 受託番号FERM P-2225(国際寄託に移管手続中:受領番号FERM ABP-11273))由来のCGTase(株式会社林原生物化学研究所製造)を用いて、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末を製造したところ、グルコアミラーゼ処理後の反応液におけるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド生成率は約28%であった。また、本反応液は、無水物換算で、5-O-α-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸と6-O-α-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸とを合計で約1.0%含有していた。この反応液を実施例5と同様に脱色、脱塩、精製してアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの高含有画分を採取したところ、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド高含有画分におけるアスコルビン酸2-グルコシドの含量は無水物換算で87.7%であった。
実施例1乃至5、及び、比較例1で得たアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末につき、実験5-3と同じ方法により保存性試験を行った。本保存性試験で得た結果と、各実施例及び比較例で確認した固結性試験の結果とを併せ表8に示す。
実施例1乃至5の何れかの方法で得たアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末20質量部を粉末状食品素材として用い、これにショ糖70質量部、デキストリン10質量部、適量の香料を加え、混合機を用い撹拌混合しビタミンC粉末製剤を製造した。本品は、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末と他の粉末とを、混合機を用い容易に均一に混合することができ、製造工程上何ら支障なく製造することができた。本品は、他の食品素材と容易に混合可能であり、長期間保存しても褐変や固結を起こしにくいビタミンC粉末製剤である。本品やこれを配合した組成物は、ビタミンCの生理機能を有しているので、皮膚や粘膜の健康維持や美白の目的で経口的に摂取することができる。
〈配合処方〉
(配合成分) (%)
α,α-トレハロース 59.5
ポリエチレングリコール6000 20
シリカ 5
実施例1乃至5の何れかの方法で得た
アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末 15
香料 適量
色剤 適量
防腐剤 適量
全量を100%とする。
混合機にα,α-トレハロース、ポリエチレングリコール6000、シリカ、香料、色剤及び防腐剤を加え、均一に混合した粉末に、実施例1乃至5の何れかの方法で得たアスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末を加え、均一になるまで撹拌、混合し、美白パウダーを調製した。本品は、アスコルビン酸2-グルコシド無水結晶含有粉末と他の粉末とを、混合機を用い容易に均一に混合することができ、製造工程上何ら支障なく製造することができた。本品は、他の化粧品素材と容易に混合可能であり、長期間保存しても褐変や固結を起こしにくい美白パウダーである。本品やこれを配合した組成物は皮膚外用剤として、美白目的で用いることができる。
A:CGTaseのドメインA
B:CGTaseのドメインB
C:CGTaseのドメインC
D:CGTaseのドメインD
図5において、
螺旋:α-へリックス構造
板状矢印:β-シート構造
細いひも:ループ構造
図6において、
[1]:α-アミラーゼファミリーに共通する保存領域1
[2]:α-アミラーゼファミリーに共通する保存領域2
[3]:α-アミラーゼファミリーに共通する保存領域3
[4]:α-アミラーゼファミリーに共通する保存領域4
●:触媒残基
D225:CGTaseにおける触媒残基のひとつである第225番目のアスパラギン酸残基
E253:CGTaseにおける触媒残基のひとつである第253番目のグルタミン酸残基
D324:CGTaseにおける触媒残基のひとつである第324番目のアスパラギン酸残基
図7において、
pUC ori:プラスミドpUCの複製開始点
T7:T7プロモーター
白矢印(Amp):アンピシリン耐性遺伝子
黒矢印:CGTase遺伝子
Claims (18)
- 無水物換算で2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を98.0質量%を超え99.9質量%未満含有し、粉末X線回折プロフィルに基づき算出される2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶についての結晶化度が90%以上であることを特徴とする2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末。
- 無水物換算で2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を98.0質量%を超え99.9質量%未満含有し、窒素気流下で粉末中の水分を除去した後、温度25℃、相対湿度35質量%で12時間保持したときの動的水分吸着量が0.01%以下であることを特徴とする2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末。
- 無水物換算で2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を98.0質量%を超え99.9質量%未満含有し、粉末X線回折プロフィルに基づき算出される2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶についての結晶化度が90%以上であり、かつ、粒径150μm未満の粒子を粉末全体の70質量%以上、粒径53μm以上150μm未満の粒子を粉末全体の40乃至60質量%含有することを特徴とする2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末。
- 無水物換算で2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を98.0質量%を超え99.9質量%未満含有し、窒素気流下で粉末中の水分を除去した後、温度25℃、相対湿度35質量%で12時間保持したときの動的水分吸着量が0.01%以下であり、粒径150μm未満の粒子を粉末全体の70質量%以上、粒径53μm以上150μm未満の粒子を粉末全体の40乃至60質量%含有することを特徴とする2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末。
- 無水物換算で2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を98.0質量%を超え99.9質量%未満含有し、粉末X線回折プロフィルに基づき算出される2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶についての結晶化度が90%以上であり、L-アスコルビン酸及び/又はD-グルコースを含有し、かつ、粉末全体の還元力が1質量%未満であることを特徴とする2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末。
- 無水物換算で2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を98.0質量%を超え99.9質量%未満含有し、窒素気流下で粉末中の水分を除去した後、温度25℃、相対湿度35質量%で12時間保持したときの動的水分吸着量が0.01%以下であり、L-アスコルビン酸及び/又はD-グルコースを含有し、かつ、粉末全体の還元力が1質量%未満であることを特徴とする2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末。
- 無水物換算で2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を98.0質量%を超え99.9質量%未満含有し、粉末X線回折プロフィルに基づき算出される2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶についての結晶化度が90%以上であり、粒径150μm未満の粒子を粉末全体の70質量%以上、粒径53μm以上150μm未満の粒子を粉末全体の40乃至60質量%含有するとともに、L-アスコルビン酸及び/又はD-グルコースを含有し、かつ、粉末全体の還元力が1質量%未満であることを特徴とする2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末。
- 無水物換算で2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を98.0質量%を超え99.9質量%未満含有し、窒素気流下で粉末中の水分を除去した後、温度25℃、相対湿度35質量%で12時間保持したときの動的水分吸着量が0.01%以下であり、粒径150μm未満の粒子を粉末全体の70質量%以上、粒径53μm以上150μm未満の粒子を粉末全体の40乃至60質量%含有するとともに、L-アスコルビン酸及び/又はD-グルコースを含有し、かつ、粉末全体の還元力が1質量%未満であることを特徴とする2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末。
- L-アスコルビン酸量が無水物換算で0.1質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末。
- L-アスコルビン酸と澱粉質とを含む溶液にシクロマルトデキストリン・グルカノトランスフェラーゼを作用させる工程を経て得られる2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を含有溶液から製造された粉末であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末。
- 澱粉質とL-アスコルビン酸とを含む溶液にシクロマルトデキストリン・グルカノトランスフェラーゼとグルコアミラーゼをこの順で作用させて、2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸の生成率が35質量%以上である2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸含有溶液を得る工程;得られた2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸含有溶液を精製して、2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸含量を無水物換算で86質量%超とする工程;2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸を無水物換算で86質量%超含有する溶液から2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸の無水結晶を析出させる工程;析出した2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸の無水結晶を採取する工程;採取された2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸の無水結晶を熟成、乾燥し、必要に応じて粉砕する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末の製造方法。
- 澱粉質とL-アスコルビン酸とを含む溶液にシクロマルトデキストリン・グルカノトランスフェラーゼとグルコアミラーゼをこの順で作用させて2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸含有溶液を得る工程において、シクロマルトデキストリン・グルカノトランスフェラーゼとともに澱粉枝切り酵素を作用させることを特徴とする請求項11記載の製造方法。
- 前記得られた2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸含有溶液を精製して、2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸含量を無水物換算で86質量%超とする工程が、アニオン交換樹脂を用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーにより糖類を除去する工程と、カチオン交換樹脂を充填剤として用いる擬似移動床式のカラムクロマトグラフィーを行う工程とを含む請求項11又は12記載の製造方法。
- 前記得られた2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸含有溶液を精製して、2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸含量を無水物換算で86質量%超とする工程が、アニオン交換樹脂を用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーにより糖類を除去する工程と、強酸性カチオン交換樹脂又は多孔性樹脂を用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーを行う工程とを含む請求項11又は12記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末からなる粉末状の食品素材。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末からなる粉末状の化粧品素材。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末からなる粉末状の医薬部外品素材。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末からなる粉末状の医薬品素材。
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MY142987A (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2011-02-14 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab | Solution for tissue adhesion prevention and method for tissue adhesion prevention |
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JP4982718B2 (ja) | 2005-08-31 | 2012-07-25 | 株式会社林原 | 美肌用の経口摂取用組成物 |
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2010
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US9186368B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2015-11-17 | Hayashibara Co., Ltd. | Process for producing a particulate composition comprising an hydrous crystalline 2-O-α-D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid |
US9265781B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2016-02-23 | Hayashibara Co., Ltd. | Process for producing a particulate composition comprising anhydrous crystalline 2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid |
US9872872B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2018-01-23 | Hayashibara Co., Ltd. | Process for producing a particulate composition comprising an hydrous crystalline 2-O-α-D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid |
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WO2012121297A1 (ja) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-13 | 株式会社林原 | 2-O-α-D-グルコシル-L-アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末の製造方法 |
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KR20140039177A (ko) | 2011-03-07 | 2014-04-01 | 가부시기가이샤하야시바라 | 2-O-α-D-글루코실-L-아스코르빈산 무수결정 함유 분말의 제조방법 |
JP2014139236A (ja) * | 2011-03-07 | 2014-07-31 | Hayashibara Co Ltd | 2−O−α−D−グルコシル−L−アスコルビン酸無水結晶含有粉末の製造方法 |
CN103502260B (zh) * | 2011-03-07 | 2016-08-17 | 株式会社林原 | 含有2-O-α-D-葡萄糖基-L-抗坏血酸无水结晶的粉末的制造方法 |
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