WO2010050507A1 - 非水二次電池 - Google Patents
非水二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010050507A1 WO2010050507A1 PCT/JP2009/068500 JP2009068500W WO2010050507A1 WO 2010050507 A1 WO2010050507 A1 WO 2010050507A1 JP 2009068500 W JP2009068500 W JP 2009068500W WO 2010050507 A1 WO2010050507 A1 WO 2010050507A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous secondary battery having a high capacity and good charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- non-aqueous secondary batteries have high voltage and high capacity, there are great expectations for their development.
- natural or artificial graphite-based carbon materials that can insert and desorb Li ions are applied to the negative electrode material (negative electrode active material) of nonaqueous secondary batteries. .
- SiO x having a structure in which Si ultrafine particles are dispersed in SiO 2 has attracted attention
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 Si that reacts with Li is an ultrafine particle, charging / discharging is performed smoothly, while the SiO x particles having the above structure itself have a small surface area, and therefore contain a negative electrode active material.
- the properties of the coating material for forming the layer and the adhesion of the negative electrode active material-containing layer to the current collector are also good.
- JP 2004-47404 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-259697 JP 2007-242590 A
- a spirally wound electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound in a spiral shape via a separator is square.
- a battery loaded inside a (square tube) outer can or laminate film outer package there is a risk that the capacity will decrease with repeated charging and discharging, or the thickness may increase greatly due to battery swelling. This has been clarified by the study of the present inventors.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a non-aqueous secondary battery having high capacity, good charge / discharge cycle characteristics, and suppressed battery swelling.
- the first non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention is a non-aqueous secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector Includes a positive electrode active material-containing layer containing a Li-containing transition metal oxide, the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, and at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector can be alloyed with Li.
- a negative electrode active material-containing layer containing a negative electrode active material containing an element is disposed, and a surface of the negative electrode active material-containing layer opposite to the negative electrode current collector contains an insulating material that does not react with Li
- a porous layer is disposed, and the 0.2% proof stress of the negative electrode current collector is 250 N / mm 2 or more, or the negative electrode current collector has a tensile strength of 300 N / mm 2 or more.
- the second non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention is a non-aqueous secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector includes: A positive electrode active material-containing layer containing a Li-containing transition metal oxide is disposed on at least one surface, the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, and at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector is alloyed with Li.
- a negative electrode active material-containing layer containing a negative electrode active material containing a possible element and at least one binder selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyamideimide, and polyamide is disposed, and 0.2 of the negative electrode current collector % Proof stress is 250 N / mm 2 or more, or the tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector is 300 N / mm 2 or more.
- the negative electrode active material containing an element that can be alloyed with Li has a high capacity. By using this, the capacity of the non-aqueous secondary battery can be increased.
- a high-capacity negative electrode material such as that described above is used as the negative electrode active material
- the volume of the negative electrode changes greatly due to charging, resulting in a change in volume of the negative electrode and excessive stress due to the expansion of the negative electrode active material. Therefore, the negative electrode may be deformed such as bending. Therefore, due to deformation such as volume change or bending of the negative electrode, there is a problem that the capacity is greatly reduced with the increase in the number of charge / discharge repetitions, or the thickness is greatly increased due to battery swelling. .
- a porous layer containing an insulating material that does not react with Li is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material-containing layer, or polyimide, polyamideimide, or polyamide is used as the binder of the negative electrode active material-containing layer.
- non-aqueous secondary battery having a high capacity and good charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- battery swelling during charging can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a negative electrode according to the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the charge / discharge cycle characteristics of the nonaqueous secondary batteries of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray CT image of a cross section of the nonaqueous secondary battery of Example 1 after evaluation of charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- FIG. 4 is an X-ray CT image of a cross section of the nonaqueous secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 after the charge / discharge cycle characteristics evaluation.
- the negative electrode according to the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present invention has a negative electrode active material-containing layer containing a negative electrode active material containing an element that can be alloyed with Li on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector,
- the negative electrode active material-containing layer has a porous layer containing an insulating material that does not react with Li (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “coat layer”) on the surface opposite to the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material-containing layer contains a specific binder.
- the negative electrode active material containing an element that can be alloyed with Li examples include a simple substance that can be alloyed with Li and a material containing an element that can be alloyed with Li.
- an element that can be alloyed with Li Si or Sn is preferable.
- a negative electrode active material containing an element that can be alloyed with Li Si or Sn (a simple substance of these elements); an alloy containing Sn (Cu 6 Sn 5 , Sn 7 Ni 3 , Mg 2 Sn) Etc.); Si or Sn oxides; and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- NiAs type intermetallic compounds belonging to the space group P6 3 / mmc such as Cu 6 Sn 5 are particularly excellent in reversibility, large capacity, and excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics. This is preferable because the secondary battery can be easily constructed.
- the alloy is not necessarily limited to a specific composition, and an alloy having a relatively wide solid solution range may have a composition slightly deviating from the central composition.
- a part of the constituent elements may be substituted with other elements.
- Cu 6-x M x Sn 5 (x ⁇ 6) or Cu 6 Sn 5-y M y ( As in y ⁇ 5) the main constituent element of the alloy can be replaced with another element M to form a multi-element compound.
- SiO x a material containing an oxide of Si, that is, a material containing Si (silicon) and O (oxygen) as constituent elements and having an atomic ratio x of O to Si of 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5 (hereinafter, (“SiO x ”) is also preferable in that the capacity of the non-aqueous secondary battery can be increased.
- the SiO x may contain Si microcrystal or amorphous phase.
- the atomic ratio of Si and O is a ratio including Si microcrystal or amorphous phase Si. That is, SiO x includes a structure in which Si (for example, microcrystalline Si) is dispersed in an amorphous SiO 2 matrix, and this amorphous SiO 2 is dispersed in the SiO 2 matrix. It is sufficient that the atomic ratio x satisfies 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5 in combination with Si.
- x 1, so that the structural formula is represented by SiO.
- a material having such a structure for example, in X-ray diffraction analysis, a peak due to the presence of Si (microcrystalline Si) may not be observed, but when observed with a transmission electron microscope, the presence of fine Si Can be confirmed.
- the SiO x is preferably a composite that is combined with a conductive material such as a carbon material.
- the surface of the SiO x is preferably covered with a conductive material (such as a carbon material). Since SiO x has poor conductivity, when it is used as a negative electrode active material, from the viewpoint of securing good battery characteristics, a conductive material (conductive aid) is used, and SiO x and conductive material in the negative electrode are used. Therefore, it is necessary to form a good conductive network by mixing and dispersing with each other. In the case of a composite in which SiO x is combined with a conductive material, for example, a conductive network in the negative electrode is formed better than when a material obtained by simply mixing SiO x and a conductive material is used.
- the conductive material such as a carbon material.
- the surface of SiO x is covered with a conductive material (preferably a carbon material), and SiO x and a conductive material (preferably a carbon material). And the like.
- a conductive material preferably a carbon material
- SiO x and a conductive material preferably a carbon material
- a conductive material preferably a carbon material
- a conductive material such as a carbon material
- a complex with SiO x and a conductive material resistivity value is less than (e.g. granulate), preferably between SiO x and the carbon material Those in which the surface of the granulated body is further coated with a carbon material can be preferably used.
- a better conductive network can be formed. Therefore, in a non-aqueous secondary battery having a negative electrode containing this as a negative electrode material, a heavy load Battery characteristics such as discharge characteristics can be further improved.
- Preferred examples of the conductive material that can be used for forming a composite with SiO x include carbon materials such as graphite, low crystalline carbon, carbon nanotube, and vapor grown carbon fiber.
- the conductive material include: a fibrous or coiled carbon material; a fibrous or coiled metal; carbon black (including acetylene black and ketjen black), artificial graphite, graphitizable carbon, and non-graphite. At least one material selected from the group consisting of carbonized carbon is preferred.
- a fibrous or coiled carbon material or a fibrous or coiled metal is preferable in that it easily forms a conductive network and has a large surface area.
- Carbon black (including acetylene black and ketjen black), artificial graphite, graphitizable carbon, and non-graphitizable carbon have high electrical conductivity and high liquid retention. Even if the x particles expand and contract, it is preferable in that it has a property of easily maintaining contact with the particles.
- a fibrous carbon material is particularly preferable as a material used when the composite with SiO x is a granulated body. Fibrous carbon material can follow the expansion and contraction of SiO x with the charging and discharging of the battery due to the high shape is thin threadlike flexibility, also because bulk density is large, many and SiO x particles It is because it can have a junction.
- the fibrous carbon include polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, vapor-grown carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube, and any of these may be used.
- the fibrous carbon material or the fibrous metal can be formed on the surface of the SiO x particles by, for example, a vapor phase method.
- the specific resistance value of SiO x is usually 10 3 to 10 7 k ⁇ cm, whereas the specific resistance value of the above-described exemplary conductive material is usually 10 ⁇ 5 to 10 k ⁇ cm.
- the composite of SiO x and the conductive material may further include a material layer (for example, a material layer containing non-graphitizable carbon) that covers the carbon material coating layer on the particle surface.
- a material layer for example, a material layer containing non-graphitizable carbon
- the ratio of SiO x to the conductive material is SiO 2 from the viewpoint of satisfactorily exerting the effect of the composite with the conductive material.
- x It is preferable that an electroconductive material is 5 mass parts or more with respect to 100 mass parts, and it is more preferable that it is 10 mass parts or more. Further, in the composite, if the ratio of the conductive material to be combined with SiO x is too large, the amount of SiO x in the negative electrode active material-containing layer may be decreased, and the effect of increasing the capacity may be reduced. Therefore, the conductive material is preferably 50 parts by mass or less and more preferably 40 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of SiO x .
- the composite of the SiO x and the conductive material can be obtained, for example, by the following method.
- SiO x can be used by compounding itself, first, a manufacturing method in the case of compounding SiO x itself will be described.
- a dispersion liquid in which SiO x is dispersed in a dispersion medium is prepared, and sprayed and dried to produce composite particles including a plurality of particles.
- ethanol or the like can be used as the dispersion medium. It is appropriate to spray the dispersion liquid in an atmosphere of 50 to 300 ° C.
- similar composite particles can be produced also by a granulation method by a mechanical method using a vibration type or planetary type ball mill or rod mill.
- a SiO x in the case of manufacturing a granulated body with small conductive material resistivity value than SiO x is adding the conductive material into the dispersions SiO x are dispersed in a dispersion medium, Using this dispersion, composite particles (granulated bodies) may be formed by the same technique as that for combining SiO x itself. Further, by granulation process according to the similar mechanical method, it is possible to produce a granular material of SiO x and a conductive material.
- SiO x particles SiO x composite particles or a granulated body of SiO x and a conductive material
- a carbon material for example, SiO x particles and hydrocarbons
- the system gas is heated in the gas phase, and carbon generated by thermal decomposition of the hydrocarbon system gas is deposited on the surface of the particles.
- the hydrocarbon-based gas spreads to every corner of the composite particle, and the surface of the particle and the pores in the surface are thin and contain a conductive carbon material. Since a uniform film (carbon material coating layer) can be formed, the SiO x particles can be imparted with good conductivity with a small amount of carbon material.
- the processing temperature (atmosphere temperature) of the vapor deposition (CVD) method varies depending on the type of hydrocarbon gas, but usually 600 to 1200 ° C. is appropriate. Among these, the temperature is preferably 700 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 800 ° C. or higher. This is because the higher the treatment temperature, the less the remaining impurities, and the formation of a coating layer containing carbon having high conductivity.
- toluene As the liquid source of the hydrocarbon-based gas, toluene, benzene, xylene, mesitylene and the like can be used, but toluene that is easy to handle is particularly preferable.
- a hydrocarbon-based gas can be obtained by vaporizing them (for example, bubbling with nitrogen gas).
- methane gas, acetylene gas, etc. can also be used.
- SiO x particles SiO x composite particles, or a granulated body of SiO x and a conductive material
- a carbon material by a vapor deposition (CVD) method
- SiO x composite particles SiO x composite particles, or a granulated body of SiO x and a conductive material
- CVD vapor deposition
- a dispersion liquid in which a SiO x particle (SiO x composite particle or a granulated body of SiO x and a conductive material) coated with a carbon material and the organic compound are dispersed in a dispersion medium is prepared.
- the dispersion is sprayed and dried to form particles coated with the organic compound, and the particles coated with the organic compound are fired.
- Isotropic pitch can be used as the pitch, and phenol resin, furan resin, furfural resin, or the like can be used as the thermosetting resin.
- phenol resin, furan resin, furfural resin, or the like can be used as the thermosetting resin.
- condensate of naphthalene sulfonate and aldehydes naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate can be used.
- a dispersion medium for dispersing the SiO x particles coated with the carbon material and the organic compound for example, water or alcohols (ethanol or the like) can be used. It is appropriate to spray the dispersion liquid in an atmosphere of 50 to 300 ° C.
- the firing temperature is usually 600 to 1200 ° C., preferably 700 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 800 ° C. or higher. This is because the higher the processing temperature, the less the remaining impurities, and the formation of a coating layer containing a high-quality carbon material with high conductivity. However, the processing temperature needs to be lower than the melting point of SiO x .
- non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention in order to increase the capacity by using the negative electrode active material described above, in order to suppress deformation such as volume change or bending of the negative electrode due to expansion of the negative electrode active material accompanying charging.
- the following configuration (1) or (2) is employed.
- the 0.2% proof stress of the negative electrode current collector is 250 N / mm 2 or more, preferably 300 N / mm 2 or more.
- the 0.2% proof stress of the negative electrode current collector referred to in this specification is a measurement sample obtained by cutting a negative electrode current collector into a size of 160 mm ⁇ 25 mm using “Small Desktop Testing Machine EZ-L” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- a stress-strain curve is obtained by conducting a tensile test under the conditions of a tensile speed of 2 mm / min and a temperature of 20 ° C.
- the stress-strain curve is defined in “8. (d)” of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) Z 2241. This means “F ⁇ ” which is obtained by the “offset method” in which the permanent elongation is 0.2%.
- the tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector is 300 N / mm 2 or more, preferably 350 N / mm 2 or more.
- the tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector was measured by using a “small desktop testing machine EZ-L” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation and cutting the negative electrode current collector into a size of 160 mm ⁇ 25 mm as a measurement sample. It is a value obtained by measurement under conditions of 2 mm / min and a temperature of 20 ° C.
- the negative electrode current collector is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Cr, Sn, Zn, Ni, Si and P. It is preferable to use a current collector (current collector foil) composed of a Cu alloy containing a seed element. If it is Cu alloy containing the above elements, a collector with a large 0.2% yield strength and tensile strength can be comprised as mentioned above.
- composition of the Cu alloy include Cu—Cr, Cu—Ni, Cu—Cr—Zn, Cu—Ni—Si, and the like.
- the amount of alloy components other than Cu in the Cu alloy is preferably, for example, 0.01 to 5% by mass (in this case, the balance is, for example, Cu and inevitable impurities).
- each alloy component is preferably, for example, Cr: 0.05 to 0.5 mass%, Zr: 0.01 to 0.3 mass%.
- Mg, Zn, Sn, P and the like may be contained within the range of the preferable content of the alloy components as necessary.
- examples of the Cu—Ni—Si alloy include a Corson alloy.
- the content of each alloy component is, for example, Ni: 1.0 to 4.0 mass%, Si: 0.1 to 1 It is preferably 0.0% by mass.
- the Cu—Ni—Si alloy may contain, for example, Mg, Zn, Sn, P, or the like within the range of the preferable content of the alloy components.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is preferably 6 ⁇ m or more and more preferably 8 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of increasing the elastic range of the negative electrode current collector and increasing the strength.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is preferably 16 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 14 ⁇ m or less.
- the 0.2% yield strength of the negative electrode current collector is preferably 750 N / mm 2 or less, more preferably 700 N / mm 2 or less.
- the tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector is preferably 800 N / mm 2 or less, more preferably 750 N / mm 2 or less.
- a Cu alloy foil having the above-described composition and having the above-described thickness may be selected and used having such 0.2% proof stress or tensile strength. Good.
- a rolled foil obtained by a rolling method can be preferably used as a negative electrode current collector because a foil having a high tensile strength is easily obtained.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention has a structure in which a negative electrode active material-containing layer containing the negative electrode active material is formed on one side or both sides of the negative electrode current collector as described above.
- the negative electrode active material-containing layer includes a binder and a conductive material used as necessary (the conductive material used when forming a composite with the negative electrode active material)
- a suitable solvent (dispersion medium) is added to the negative electrode mixture containing, and a paste-like or slurry-like composition (paint) obtained by sufficiently kneading is applied to the current collector,
- the solvent (dispersion medium) can be removed by drying or the like to form a film with a predetermined thickness and density.
- the negative electrode current collector having the above-mentioned value of 0.2% proof stress or tensile strength is used, and at least one of polyimide, polyamideimide, and polyamide is used as the binder of the negative electrode active material-containing layer.
- a porous layer containing an insulating material that does not react with Li on the surface of the negative electrode active material-containing layer opposite to the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode according to the battery of the present invention does not have the coating layer, it is necessary to use at least one of polyimide, polyamideimide, and polyamide for the binder of the negative electrode active material-containing layer.
- the binder of the negative electrode active material-containing layer is not particularly limited, but at least one of polyimide, polyamideimide and polyamide is used. It is preferable to do.
- Polyimide, polyamide-imide, and polyamide bind various components in the negative electrode active material-containing layer (negative electrode active materials, negative electrode active materials and conductive materials described later, and composites containing the negative electrode active material). Therefore, even if the negative electrode active material expands and contracts due to repeated charge and discharge of the battery, these contacts are maintained and the negative electrode active material is contained. It is also possible to keep the conductive network in the layer well.
- thermosetting polyimide examples include various known polyimides, and any of thermoplastic polyimide and thermosetting polyimide can be used.
- thermosetting polyimide either a condensation type polyimide or an addition type polyimide may be used. More specifically, for example, “Semicofine (trade name)” manufactured by Toray Industries, “PIX series (trade name)” manufactured by Hitachi Chemical DuPont Microsystems, “HCI series (trade name)” manufactured by Hitachi Chemical, Ube Commercial products such as “U-Varnish (trade name)” manufactured by Kosan Co., Ltd. can be used. For reasons such as good electron mobility, those having an aromatic ring in the molecular chain, that is, aromatic polyimide are more preferred. Only one type of polyimide may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- polyamideimide examples include various known polyamideimides. More specifically, for example, commercially available products such as “HPC series (trade name)” manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. and “Viromax (trade name)” manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. can be used. Also in polyamideimide, for the same reason as polyimide, those having an aromatic ring in the molecular chain, that is, aromatic polyamideimide is more preferable. Polyamideimide may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- polyamide for example, various polyamides such as nylon 66, nylon 6, aromatic polyamide (nylon MXD6, etc.) can be used. Also in the polyamide, those having an aromatic ring in the molecular chain, that is, an aromatic polyamide is more preferable for the same reason as polyimide. Only one type of polyamide may be used, or two or more types of polyamide may be used in combination.
- polyimide polyamideimide
- polyamide polyamide
- a binder other than polyimide, polyamideimide and polyamide can also be used for the negative electrode active material-containing layer.
- a binder include polysaccharides such as starch, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, and modified products thereof; polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- Thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene and their modified products; rubber-like elasticity such as ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, polybutadiene, fluoro rubber, and polyethylene oxide
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer
- sulfonated EPDM styrene butadiene rubber
- butadiene rubber butadiene rubber
- polybutadiene polybutadiene
- fluoro rubber and polyethylene oxide
- polyethylene oxide ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer
- binders other than polyimide, polyamideimide and polyamide can be used in combination with any of polyimide, polyamideimide and polyamide when the negative electrode according to the present invention does not have a coating layer.
- binders other than these polyimide, polyamideimide and polyamide can be used without using any of polyimide, polyamideimide and polyamide when the negative electrode according to the present invention has a coating layer. It is preferable to use in combination with any one of polyimide, polyamideimide and polyamide.
- a conductive material may be further added to the negative electrode active material-containing layer as a conductive aid.
- a conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it is an electron conductive material that does not cause a chemical change in the non-aqueous secondary battery.
- natural graphite such as scaly graphite, scaly graphite, earthy graphite
- artificial graphite carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, metal powder (copper powder, nickel powder, aluminum powder, silver powder, etc.)
- metal powder copper powder, nickel powder, aluminum powder, silver powder, etc.
- One or more materials such as metal fibers and polyphenylene derivatives (described in JP-A-59-20971) can be used.
- the negative electrode active material-containing layer may be formed by a method other than the above.
- a method other than the above for example, when an elemental element that can be alloyed with Li or an alloy containing an element that can be alloyed with Li is used as the negative electrode active material, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) It is also possible to form a thin film of a negative electrode active material on the surface of the negative electrode current collector by a thin film formation method such as a method or a liquid phase growth method, and to make this a negative electrode active material-containing layer.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- Examples of the PVD method include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, and a laser ablation method.
- CVD method thermal CVD method, MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) method, RF (Radio Frequency) plasma CVD method, ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) plasma CVD method, photo CVD method, laser CVD method, atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) method.
- Examples of the liquid phase growth method include a plating method (electrolytic plating method, electroless plating method), an anodic oxidation method, a coating method, and a sol-gel method.
- Cu 6 Sn 5 when Cu 6 Sn 5 is used as an alloy (intermetallic compound) containing an element that can be alloyed with Li, for example, several Cu films and Sn films are alternately stacked by the various thin film forming methods described above. Then, Cu 6 Sn 5 may be formed by performing a heat treatment to diffuse Cu and Sn to each other.
- the content of the negative electrode active material is preferably 60% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more.
- the negative electrode active material-containing layer may be formed of only the negative electrode active material.
- a thin film formed of a single element that can be alloyed with Li or an alloy containing an element that can be alloyed with Li is used as the negative electrode active material. It can also be set as a containing layer.
- the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode active material-containing layer may be 100% by mass, but in the case of constituting the negative electrode active material-containing layer in combination with a binder, from the viewpoint of securing the effect by using the binder, the content of the negative electrode active material is preferably 99% by mass or less, and more preferably 98% by mass or less.
- the binder content in the negative electrode active material-containing layer is preferably 1% by mass or more, and more preferably 2% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of more effectively exerting the action of the binder.
- the binder content in the negative electrode active material-containing layer is 30 It is preferable that it is mass% or less, and it is more preferable that it is 20 mass% or less.
- the binder for the negative electrode active material-containing layer at least one of polyimide, polyamideimide and polyamide is used, and when a binder other than these is used in combination, the polyimide, polyamideimide and The content of polyamide (when only one of these is used, the amount thereof. When two or more of these are used in combination, the total amount thereof) is preferably 1% by mass or more, More preferably, the content is adjusted so as to satisfy the above-mentioned preferable binder amount while setting the content to 2% by mass or more.
- a conductive material in the negative electrode active material-containing layer, a conductive material (conducting aid, carbon in the case where the surface of the oxide is coated with carbon, and a composite of the oxide coated with carbon on the surface and the conductive material)
- the conductivity is increased from the viewpoint of increasing the capacity of the battery.
- the total amount of materials is preferably 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 40% by mass or less.
- the total amount of the conductive material in the negative electrode active material-containing layer is preferably 5% by mass or more, More preferably, it is 10 mass% or more.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material-containing layer (thickness per side of the current collector; the same shall apply hereinafter) varies depending on the composition and forming method of the negative electrode active material-containing layer, but from the viewpoint of suppressing the hardness of the negative electrode to some extent,
- a configured negative electrode active material-containing layer for example, in the case of the negative electrode active material-containing layer formed using the negative electrode active material-containing layer forming composition, the same applies hereinafter
- it is 50 ⁇ m or less. Is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and in the case of the negative electrode active material-containing layer constituted by the negative electrode active material thin film, it is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less. preferable.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material-containing layer may include a negative electrode active material composed of a negative electrode mixture.
- a layer it is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and in the case of a negative electrode active material-containing layer constituted by a thin film of the negative electrode active material, it is 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more.
- the surface of the negative electrode active material-containing layer (negative electrode collector) is used.
- a porous layer (coat layer) containing an insulating material that does not react with Li is provided on the surface opposite to the electric body.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a negative electrode having a coating layer.
- the negative electrode 1 has a structure in which a coat layer 2 is laminated on the surface of a negative electrode active material-containing layer 3 containing a negative electrode active material containing an element that can be alloyed with Li.
- 4 is a negative electrode current collector.
- the coating layer related to the negative electrode is a layer (porous layer) that contains an insulating material that does not react with Li and has pores to the extent that a nonaqueous electrolyte (electrolytic solution) can pass through.
- the insulating material that does not react with Li for constituting the coat layer is preferably, for example, electrochemically stable and electrically insulating fine particles, and there are no particular restrictions on such fine particles, Inorganic fine particles are more preferable.
- inorganic oxide fine particles such as iron oxide, silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), TiO 2 , BaTiO 3 ; inorganic nitride fine particles such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride; calcium fluoride, Examples include slightly soluble ionic crystal particles such as barium fluoride and barium sulfate; and covalently bonded crystal particles such as silicon and diamond.
- the inorganic oxide fine particles may be fine particles such as boehmite, zeolite, apatite, kaolin, mullite, spinel, olivine, mica, or a mineral resource-derived material or an artificial product thereof.
- the inorganic fine particles electrically insulate the surface of a conductive material exemplified by metals, SnO 2 , conductive oxides such as tin-indium oxide (ITO); carbonaceous materials such as carbon black and graphite; Particles that have electrical insulation properties by coating with a material having a property (for example, the above-described inorganic oxide) may be used.
- organic fine particles can also be used for the insulating material that does not react with Li.
- organic fine particles include polyimide, melamine resin, phenol resin, crosslinked polymethylmethacrylate (crosslinked PMMA), crosslinked polystyrene (crosslinked PS), polydivinylbenzene (PDVB), benzoguanamine-formaldehyde condensate, etc.
- the organic resin (polymer) constituting these organic fine particles is a mixture, modified body, derivative, copolymer (random copolymer, alternating copolymer, block copolymer, graft copolymer) of the materials exemplified above. ) Or a crosslinked product (in the case of the heat-resistant polymer).
- the exemplified fine particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- fine particles exemplified above inorganic oxide fine particles are more preferable, and alumina, silica, and boehmite are more preferable.
- the fine particles it is preferable to use particles having a ratio of particles having a particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m or less and particles having a particle size of 2 ⁇ m or more of 10% by volume or less, a narrow particle size distribution and a uniform particle size. . Thereby, even if it is thin, it can be set as the coating layer with the high effect which prevents the volume change and curvature of a negative electrode.
- the particle diameter of the fine particles is measured on a volume basis by using a laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer (for example, “LA-920” manufactured by HORIBA) and dispersing the fine particles in a medium that does not swell or dissolve (for example, water). It can be determined by measuring the particle size distribution. That is, if the value (d10) of 10% in the volume-based integrated fraction is 0.2 ⁇ m or more, it indicates that the proportion of particles having a particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m or less is 10% by volume or less. If the value of 90% (d90) in the integrated fraction is 2 ⁇ m or less, it indicates that the proportion of particles having a particle size of 2 ⁇ m or more is 10% by volume or less, so that the fine particles have such a particle size distribution May be used.
- a laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer for example, “LA-920” manufactured by HORIBA
- the coating layer may contain an electron conductive material.
- the electron conductive material is not an essential component of the coat layer, as described later, when Li is introduced into the negative electrode active material in advance, the electron conductive material is included in the coat layer.
- Examples of the electron conductive material that can be used for the coating layer include carbon materials such as carbon particles and carbon fibers; metal materials such as metal particles and metal fibers; and metal oxides. Among these, carbon particles and metal particles having low reactivity with Li are preferable.
- carbon material for example, a known carbon material that is used as a conductive additive in an electrode constituting a battery can be used.
- carbon such as carbon black (thermal black, furnace black, channel black, lamp black, ketjen black, acetylene black, etc.), graphite (natural graphite such as flake graphite, earth graphite, and artificial graphite) Examples include particles and carbon fibers.
- carbon black and graphite are particularly preferable.
- the particle size of the carbon particles is, for example, preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the metal particles and the metal fibers are preferably composed of a metal element that has low reactivity with Li and hardly forms an alloy.
- Specific metal elements constituting the metal particles and metal fibers include, for example, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ta, and W.
- the shape is not particularly limited, and may be any shape such as a lump shape, a needle shape, a column shape, or a plate shape.
- the metal particles and the metal fibers are preferably those whose surfaces are not oxidized so much, and those that are excessively oxidized are preferably subjected to heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere in advance and then subjected to coating layer formation. .
- the particle size of the metal particles is, for example, preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- a binder for the purpose of binding the insulating material that does not react with Li As the binder, for example, various materials exemplified as the binder for the negative electrode active material-containing layer can be used.
- the binder of the coating layer and the binder of the negative electrode active material-containing layer are of the same type (for example, both the binder of the coating layer and the binder of the negative electrode active material-containing layer include at least one of polyimide, polyamideimide, and polyamide) Use of one type) is preferable because the adhesion between the negative electrode active material-containing layer and the coating layer is improved.
- the content of the binder in the coat layer is preferably 2% by mass or more, more preferably 4% by mass or more, and preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass. % Or less.
- the coating layer contains an electron conductive material
- the material having electron conductivity when the total of the insulating material that does not react with Li and the material having electron conductivity is 100% by mass, the material having electron conductivity.
- the ratio of, for example, is preferably 2.5% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and 96% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or less.
- the insulating property that does not react with Li The ratio of the material is, for example, preferably 4% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and 97.5% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or less.
- the thickness of the coating layer is, for example, preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 8 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 6 ⁇ m or less. If the coating layer has such a thickness, deformation such as volume change and bending of the negative electrode can be suppressed more efficiently, and the battery capacity can be increased, charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be prevented from lowering, and battery swelling can be further reduced. Can be achieved well.
- the thickness of the coating layer becomes too thin relative to the surface roughness of the negative electrode active material-containing layer, it becomes difficult to cover the entire surface of the negative electrode active material-containing layer without pinholes, and the coating layer is formed. There is a possibility that the effect is reduced.
- the coat layer is too thick, it leads to a reduction in battery capacity, so it is preferable to form the coat layer as thin as possible.
- an appropriate solvent for the coating layer, for example, an appropriate solvent (dispersion medium) is sufficiently added to a mixture containing an insulating material that does not react with Li, a material having electronic conductivity used as necessary, and a binder. Apply the paste-like or slurry-like composition (paint) obtained by kneading to the surface of the negative electrode active material-containing layer formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and remove the solvent (dispersion medium) by drying or the like. Thus, it can be formed with a predetermined thickness.
- the coat layer may be formed by methods other than those described above.
- the composition for forming the negative electrode active material-containing layer is applied to the surface of the current collector, the composition for forming the coat layer is applied and dried before the coating film is completely dried.
- the substance-containing layer and the coat layer may be formed at the same time.
- application of the composition for forming a negative electrode active material-containing layer may be formed simultaneously by a simultaneous coating method in which coating with the composition for forming the coating layer is performed simultaneously.
- the negative electrode active material eg, SiO x
- the negative electrode active material eg, SiO x
- a Li-containing layer is formed on the surface opposite to the negative electrode active material-containing layer of the negative electrode coat layer (a coat layer that also contains a material having electronic conductivity).
- a method of introducing Li from the Li-containing layer to the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode active material-containing layer is preferable.
- the negative electrode When Li is introduced into the negative electrode active material, the negative electrode may be bent due to the volume change of the negative electrode active material.
- a coating layer is formed on the negative electrode, in an environment where the non-aqueous electrolyte (electrolytic solution) of the battery is present (for example, inside the battery), the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode active material-containing layer is added to Li in the Li-containing layer. Is introduced electrochemically, but in an environment where a non-aqueous electrolyte is not present, the reaction of introducing Li into the negative electrode active material hardly occurs.
- the coat layer according to the negative electrode also has a function of supplying Li in the Li-containing layer to the negative electrode active material-containing layer via the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the reactivity between the negative electrode active material and Li can be controlled, and bending of the negative electrode accompanying the introduction of Li can be suppressed.
- the Li-containing layer for introducing Li into the negative electrode is preferably formed by a general gas phase method (vapor phase deposition method) such as resistance heating or sputtering (that is, a vapor deposition film). If the Li-containing layer is directly formed on the surface of the coat layer as a vapor deposition film by a vapor phase method, it is easy to form a uniform layer with a desired thickness over the entire surface of the coat layer. It can introduce without excess and deficiency with respect to the irreversible capacity
- vapor phase deposition method vapor phase deposition method
- the vapor deposition source and the coat layer related to the negative electrode are opposed to each other in the vacuum chamber, and vapor deposition is performed until the layer has a predetermined thickness.
- the Li-containing layer may be composed of only Li, for example, Li—Al, Li—Al—Mn, Li—Al—Mg, Li—Al—Sn, Li—Al—In, Li—Al—Cd. Or a Li alloy such as When the Li-containing layer is composed of a Li alloy, the Li content in the Li-containing layer is preferably, for example, 50 to 90 mol%.
- the thickness of the Li-containing layer is, for example, preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 4 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 8 ⁇ m or less.
- Li can be introduced more or less with respect to the irreversible capacity of the negative electrode active material. That is, if the Li-containing layer is too thin, the amount of Li relative to the amount of the negative electrode active material present in the negative electrode active material-containing layer is reduced, and the capacity improvement effect due to introducing Li into the negative electrode in advance may be reduced. On the other hand, if the Li-containing layer is too thick, the amount of Li may be excessive, and the amount of vapor deposition increases, resulting in a decrease in productivity.
- a paste or slurry obtained by adding an appropriate solvent (dispersion medium) to a mixture (positive electrode mixture) containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive additive, and a binder and kneading the mixture sufficiently.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition can be applied to a positive electrode current collector to form a positive electrode active material-containing layer having a predetermined thickness and density.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention is not limited to the one obtained by the above production method, and may be one produced by another production method.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material include Li y CoO 2 (where 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.1), Li z NiO 2 (where 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.1), and Li e MnO 2.
- Li y CoO 2 where 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.1
- Li z NiO 2 where 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.1
- Li e MnO 2. where 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 1.1
- Li a Co b M 1 1-b O 2 wherein M 1 is Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ti, And at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ge and Cr, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1 and 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.0.
- Li c Ni 1-d M 2 d O 2 (However, M 2 is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Al, Ti, Ge, and Cr, and 0 ⁇ c ⁇
- Li f Mn g Ni h Co 1-g-h O 2 provided that And Li-containing transition metal oxides having a layered structure such as 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 1.1, 0 ⁇ g ⁇ 1.0, and 0 ⁇ h ⁇ 1.0. May be used, or two or more may be used in combination.
- each said conductive support agent illustrated as a thing for negative electrodes can be used.
- the content of the positive electrode active material is, for example, 80 to 99% by mass, and the content of the binder is, for example, 0.5 to 20% by mass.
- the content of the agent is preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass, for example.
- non-aqueous electrolyte used in the battery according to the present invention examples include an electrolytic solution prepared by dissolving the following inorganic ion salt in the following solvent.
- solvent examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- BC butylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- MEC methyl ethyl carbonate
- ⁇ -butyrolactone 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
- organic solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- Li salt for example, LiClO 4, LiBF 4, LiPF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiB 10 Cl 10, lower aliphatic carboxylic acids Li, LiAlCl 4 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, chloroborane Li, Li tetraphenylborate, or the like can be used alone or in combination.
- a solvent containing at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate, and ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate a solvent containing at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate, and ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate
- an electrolytic solution in which at least one inorganic ion salt selected from the group consisting of LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , and LiCF 3 SO 3 is dissolved is preferable.
- An appropriate concentration of the inorganic ion salt in the electrolytic solution is, for example, 0.2 to 3.0 mol / dm 3 .
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention can be obtained by assembling a battery using the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention only has to include the above-described negative electrode, the above-described positive electrode, and the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Various components and structures employed in non-aqueous secondary batteries can be applied.
- the separator has sufficient strength and can hold a large amount of electrolyte.
- polyethylene, polypropylene, or ethylene having a thickness of 10 to 50 ⁇ m and an aperture ratio of 30 to 70% is used.
- a microporous film or a nonwoven fabric containing a propylene copolymer is preferred.
- the shape of the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- any of a coin shape, a button shape, a sheet shape, a laminated shape, a cylindrical shape, a flat shape, a square shape, a large size used for an electric vehicle, etc. may be used.
- the negative electrode active material in the case of a battery constituted by using a rectangular (square tube) outer can, a flat outer can, a laminate film outer casing, etc. having a small thickness with respect to the width.
- the problem of battery swelling is likely to occur.
- a rectangular battery or a flat battery having an exterior body (exterior can) as described above is obtained. In some cases, the effect is particularly prominent.
- a laminated electrode body in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are stacked via a separator, or a positive electrode and a negative electrode can be used as a wound electrode body obtained by laminating a film through a separator and then winding it in a spiral shape.
- the negative electrode active material particularly when a wound electrode body is used, problems due to deformation such as volume change and curvature of the negative electrode are likely to occur.
- wound electrode bodies especially for winding batteries used in flat batteries using rectangular batteries, flat outer cans, laminated film outer bodies, etc.
- the effect is particularly prominent when the battery has a wound electrode body whose cross section perpendicular to the flat surface is flat.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention has a high capacity and various battery characteristics such as charge / discharge cycle characteristics. Therefore, taking advantage of these characteristics, a power source for a small and multifunctional portable device can be used. First, it can be preferably used for various applications to which conventionally known non-aqueous secondary batteries are applied.
- the present invention will be described in detail based on examples. However, the following examples do not limit the present invention.
- the average particle diameters of various composite particles, ⁇ -alumina, and graphite were measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement method using “MICROTRAC HRA (Model: 9320-X100)” manufactured by Microtrack. The volume average value.
- the 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector are values measured by the methods described above.
- Example 1 SiO (average particle size 5.0 ⁇ m) was heated to about 1000 ° C. in a boiling bed reactor, and a mixed gas of 25 ° C. composed of methane and nitrogen gas was brought into contact therewith, and CVD treatment was performed at 1000 ° C. for 60 minutes. .
- carbon hereinafter also referred to as “CVD carbon” generated by thermally decomposing the mixed gas was deposited on SiO to form a coating layer, thereby obtaining a negative electrode material (negative electrode active material).
- a negative electrode was produced using the negative electrode material.
- 80% by mass of the negative electrode material (content in the total solid content; the same shall apply hereinafter), 10% by mass of graphite, 2% by mass of ketjen black (average particle size 0.05 ⁇ m) as a conductive additive, and polyamide as a binder
- a slurry containing negative electrode mixture was prepared by mixing 8% by mass of imide (“HPC-9000-21” manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) and dehydrated N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).
- ⁇ -alumina (average particle size 1 ⁇ m, d10: 0.64 ⁇ m, d90: 1.55 ⁇ m, the proportion of particles having a particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m or less, and the proportion of particles having a particle size of 2 ⁇ m or more 10 volume% or less) 95 mass% (content in the total solid content.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- dehydrated NMP was mixed to prepare a slurry for forming a coating layer.
- a high-strength copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m (“HCL-02Z” manufactured by Hitachi Cable, 0.2% proof stress 270 N / (mm 2 , tensile strength 350 N / mm 2 ) applied to both sides of the current collector, dried at 100 ° C., and then compression-molded with a roller press to have a thickness of 35 ⁇ m on one side of the current collector.
- a negative electrode active material-containing layer and a 5 ⁇ m coat layer were formed into a laminate. The laminate in which the negative electrode active material-containing layer and the coating layer were formed on the current collector surface was dried in vacuum at 100 ° C. for 15 hours.
- the dried laminate was further heat-treated at 160 ° C. for 15 hours using a far infrared heater.
- the adhesion between the negative electrode active material-containing layer and the current collector and the adhesion between the negative electrode active material-containing layer and the coat layer are strong, and the negative electrode active material-containing layer can be formed by cutting or bending. There was no peeling from the current collector, and the coating layer did not peel from the negative electrode active material-containing layer.
- the laminate was cut into a width of 37 mm to obtain a strip-shaped negative electrode.
- the positive electrode was produced as follows. First, 96% by mass of LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode material (positive electrode active material) (content in the total solid content; the same shall apply hereinafter) and 2% by mass of ketjen black (average particle size 0.05 ⁇ m) as a conductive auxiliary agent Then, a positive electrode mixture-containing slurry obtained by mixing 2% by mass of PVDF as a binder and dehydrated NMP was applied to both surfaces of a current collector made of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, dried and pressed, and a current collector A positive electrode active material-containing layer having a thickness of 85 ⁇ m per one surface was formed on both surfaces of the laminate to obtain a laminate. The laminate was cut into a width of 36 mm to obtain a strip-shaped positive electrode.
- positive electrode active material content in the total solid content; the same shall apply hereinafter
- ketjen black average particle size 0.05 ⁇ m
- a positive electrode mixture-containing slurry obtained by mixing 2% by mass
- an electrolytic solution non-aqueous electrolyte
- Example 2 SiO (average particle size 1 ⁇ m), fibrous carbon (average length 2 ⁇ m, average diameter 0.08 ⁇ m), and polyvinylpyrrolidone 10 g are mixed in 1 L of ethanol, and these are further mixed in a wet jet mill. Thus, a slurry was obtained.
- composite particles of SiO and CF were produced using the slurry by a spray drying method (atmospheric temperature 200 ° C.). The average particle size of the composite particles was 10 ⁇ m. Subsequently, the composite particles are heated to about 1000 ° C.
- a mixed gas of 25 ° C. composed of benzene and nitrogen gas is brought into contact with the heated composite particles, and a CVD treatment is performed at 1000 ° C. for 60 minutes. went.
- carbon generated by thermal decomposition of the mixed gas was deposited on the composite particles to form a coating layer, and a negative electrode material (negative electrode active material) was obtained.
- a slurry containing negative electrode mixture was prepared by mixing 8% by mass of “HPC-9000-21” manufactured by Kasei Corporation and dehydrated NMP.
- a negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode mixture-containing slurry was used to form the negative electrode active material-containing layer. Except that this negative electrode was used, a rectangular non-aqueous solution was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. A secondary battery was produced.
- Example 3 SiO (average particle size 1 ⁇ m), graphite (average particle size 2 ⁇ m), and polyvinylpyrrolidone 10 g were mixed in 1 L of ethanol, and these were further mixed in a wet jet mill to obtain a slurry.
- composite particles of SiO and graphite were produced using the slurry by a spray drying method (atmosphere temperature 200 ° C.). The average particle size of the composite particles was 15 ⁇ m. Subsequently, the composite particles are heated to about 1000 ° C. in a boiling bed reactor, a mixed gas of 25 ° C.
- composition of the negative electrode material was calculated from the mass change before and after the formation of the carbon coating layer and before and after the formation of the material layer containing non-graphitizable carbon.
- SiO: graphite: CVD carbon: non-graphitizable carbon 75: 7: 10: 8 (Mass ratio).
- a slurry containing negative electrode mixture was prepared by mixing 8% by mass of “HPC-9000-21” manufactured by Kasei Corporation and dehydrated NMP.
- a negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode mixture-containing slurry was used to form the negative electrode active material-containing layer. Except that this negative electrode was used, a rectangular non-aqueous solution was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. A secondary battery was produced.
- Example 4 SiO (average particle size 1 ⁇ m), graphite (average particle size 3 ⁇ m), and polyethylene resin particles as a binder are put into a 4 L stainless steel container, and further stainless steel balls are put in a vibration mill and mixed for 3 hours. , Pulverization and granulation. As a result, composite particles (composite particles of SiO and graphite) having an average particle diameter of 20 ⁇ m could be produced. Subsequently, the composite particles are heated to about 950 ° C. in a boiling bed reactor, a mixed gas of 25 ° C. composed of toluene and nitrogen gas is brought into contact with the heated composite particles, and CVD treatment is performed at 950 ° C. for 60 minutes. went. In this way, carbon produced by thermal decomposition of the mixed gas was deposited on the composite particles to form a coating layer, and a negative electrode material (negative electrode active material) was obtained.
- a negative electrode material negative electrode active material
- a slurry containing negative electrode mixture was prepared by mixing 8% by mass of “HPC-9000-21” manufactured by Kasei Corporation and dehydrated NMP.
- a negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode mixture-containing slurry was used to form the negative electrode active material-containing layer. Except that this negative electrode was used, a rectangular non-aqueous solution was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. A secondary battery was produced.
- Example 5 A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the binder in the negative electrode mixture was changed to polyimide, and a rectangular non-aqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode was used. .
- Example 6 95% by mass of the same ⁇ -alumina used in Example 1 (content in the total solid content; the same applies hereinafter), 5% by mass of polyamideimide (“HPC-9000-21” manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- a slurry for forming a coating layer was prepared by mixing with dehydrated NMP.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above-mentioned slurry for forming a coat layer was used for forming the coat layer on the surface of the negative electrode active material-containing layer.
- a rectangular non-aqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner.
- Example 7 A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coat layer was not formed.
- a square non-aqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode was used.
- Example 8 A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the binder in the negative electrode mixture was changed to PVDF, and a square nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode was used. .
- Comparative Example 2 A negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the binder in the negative electrode mixture was changed to PVDF, and a rectangular non-aqueous secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode was used. .
- Comparative Example 3 A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that no coating layer was formed, and a rectangular non-aqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode was used.
- Comparative Example 4 The negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the binder in the negative electrode mixture was changed to PVDF and no coating layer was formed, and the negative electrode was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode was used. A square non-aqueous secondary battery was produced.
- Example 5 A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the current collector in the negative electrode was changed to a highly stretched copper foil (0.2% proof stress 80 N / mm 2 , tensile strength 120 N / mm 2 ) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- a square nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode was used.
- Battery charge / discharge in the measurement of battery discharge capacity and evaluation of charge / discharge cycle characteristics was performed by the following method. Charging was performed at a constant current with a current of 400 mA. After the charging voltage reached 4.2 V, the charging was performed at a constant voltage until the current became 1/10. The discharge was performed at a constant current with a current of 400 mA, and the discharge end voltage was 2.5V. The series of operations of charging and discharging was defined as one cycle. And the discharge capacity of the battery was evaluated by the discharge capacity (C1) at the second charge / discharge cycle. Further, the capacity maintenance rate at the 200th cycle was calculated from the C1 and the discharge capacity (C2) at the 200th cycle by the following formula.
- Capacity maintenance rate (%) (C2 / C1) ⁇ 100 Furthermore, the amount of change in the thickness of the battery during charging is measured by measuring the thickness of each battery after the end of charging in the first cycle under the same charging / discharging conditions as in the battery characteristic evaluation described above, and the thickness before charging (about 4 mm). The difference was obtained by calculating.
- Table 1 shows the results of the measurement of the discharge capacity, the discharge capacity maintenance ratio at the 200th cycle, and the measurement of the change in thickness of the battery during charging, together with the 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector.
- FIG. 2 shows the charge / discharge cycle characteristics of the nonaqueous secondary batteries of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- X-ray CT Computed Tomography
- the horizontal axis represents the number of charge / discharge cycles
- the vertical axis represents the discharge capacity maintenance rate at each cycle number with respect to the discharge capacity of the second charge / discharge cycle.
- 3 is an image of the non-aqueous secondary battery of Example 1
- FIG. 4 is an image of the non-aqueous secondary battery of Comparative Example 1.
- the prismatic non-aqueous secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 8 have a higher capacity, and the amount of change in battery thickness than the prismatic non-aqueous secondary batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 is increased. Less is. Furthermore, it can be confirmed that the batteries of Examples 1 to 8 (particularly the batteries of Examples 1 to 7) have a high discharge capacity retention rate after repeated charge and discharge and excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the batteries of Examples 1 to 8 (particularly the batteries of Examples 1 to 7) have a high discharge capacity retention rate after repeated charge and discharge and excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the negative electrode current collector was changed to an electrolytic copper foil (thickness 10 ⁇ m)
- the wound electrode body was found to be deformed in the vertical direction in the figure.
- the battery of Example 1 using a high-strength copper foil (thickness 10 ⁇ m) for the negative electrode current collector such deformation of the electrode body is suppressed.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a non-aqueous secondary battery with high capacity, good charge / discharge cycle characteristics, and suppressed battery swelling.
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Abstract
Description
SiO(平均粒径5.0μm)を沸騰床反応器中で約1000℃に加熱し、これにメタンと窒素ガスからなる25℃の混合ガスを接触させ、1000℃で60分間CVD処理を行った。このようにして前記混合ガスが熱分解して生じた炭素(以下「CVD炭素」ともいう。)をSiOに堆積させて被覆層を形成し、負極材料(負極活物質)を得た。
SiO(平均粒径1μm)と、繊維状炭素(平均長さ2μm、平均直径0.08μm)と、ポリビニルピロリドン10gとを、エタノール1L中にて混合し、これらを更に湿式のジェットミルにて混合してスラリーを得た。このスラリーの調製に用いたSiOと繊維状炭素(CF)との総質量は100gとし、質量比は、SiO:CF=89:11とした。次に、前記スラリーを用いてスプレードライ法(雰囲気温度200℃)にてSiOとCFとの複合粒子を作製した。複合粒子の平均粒径は10μmであった。続いて、前記複合粒子を沸騰床反応器中で約1000℃に加熱し、加熱された複合粒子にベンゼンと窒素ガスとからなる25℃の混合ガスを接触させ、1000℃で60分間CVD処理を行った。このようにして、前記混合ガスが熱分解して生じた炭素を複合粒子に堆積させて被覆層を形成し、負極材料(負極活物質)を得た。
SiO(平均粒径1μm)と、黒鉛(平均粒径2μm)と、ポリビニルピロリドン10gとを、エタノール1L中にて混合し、これらを更に湿式のジェットミルにて混合してスラリーを得た。このスラリーの調製に用いたSiOと黒鉛との質量比は、SiO:黒鉛=91:9とした。次に、前記スラリーを用いてスプレードライ法(雰囲気温度200℃)にて、SiOと黒鉛との複合粒子を作製した。この複合粒子の平均粒径は15μmであった。続いて、前記複合粒子を沸騰床反応器中で約1000℃に加熱し、加熱された複合粒子にベンゼンと窒素ガスとからなる25℃の混合ガスを接触させ、1000℃で60分間CVD処理を行った。このようにして、前記混合ガスが熱分解して生じた炭素を前記複合粒子に堆積させて被覆層を形成し、炭素被覆層によって覆われた複合粒子を得た。
SiO(平均粒径1μm)と、黒鉛(平均粒径3μm)と、バインダとしてポリエチレン樹脂粒子とを4Lのステンレス鋼製容器に入れ、更にステンレス鋼製のボールを入れて振動ミルにて3時間混合、粉砕、造粒を行った。その結果、平均粒径20μmの複合粒子(SiOと黒鉛の複合粒子)を作製できた。続いて、前記複合粒子を沸騰床反応器中で約950℃に加熱し、加熱された複合粒子にトルエンと窒素ガスとからなる25℃の混合ガスを接触させ、950℃で60分間CVD処理を行った。このようにして、前記混合ガスが熱分解して生じた炭素を前記複合粒子に堆積させて被覆層を形成し、負極材料(負極活物質)を得た。
負極合剤中のバインダをポリイミドに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極を作製し、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形非水二次電池を作製した。
実施例1で使用したものと同じα-アルミナ95質量%(固形分全量中の含有量。以下同じ。)と、ポリアミドイミド(日立化成社製「HPC-9000-21」)5質量%と、脱水NMPとを混合してコート層形成用スラリーを調製した。負極活物質含有層表面のコート層の形成に、前記のコート層形成用スラリーを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極を作製し、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形非水二次電池を作製した。
コート層を形成しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極を作製し、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形非水二次電池を作製した。
負極合剤中のバインダをPVDFに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極を作製し、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形非水二次電池を作製した。
負極中の集電体を電解銅箔(厚み10μm、0.2%耐力210N/mm2、引張強度250N/mm2)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極を作製し、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形非水二次電池を作製した。
負極合剤中のバインダをPVDFに変更した以外は、比較例1と同様にして負極を作製し、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形非水二次電池を作製した。
コート層を形成しなかった以外は、比較例1と同様にして負極を作製し、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形非水二次電池を作製した。
負極合剤中のバインダをPVDFに変更し、更にコート層を形成しなかった以外は、比較例1と同様にして負極を作製し、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形非水二次電池を作製した。
負極中の集電体を、厚みが10μmの高延伸銅箔(0.2%耐力80N/mm2、引張強度120N/mm2)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして負極を作製し、この負極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして角形非水二次電池を作製した。
更に、充電時の電池の厚みの変化量の測定は、前記の電池特性評価と同じ充放電条件で1サイクル目の充電終了後の各電池の厚みを測定し、充電前の厚み(約4mm)との差を求めることにより行った。
2 コート層(Liと反応しない絶縁性の材料を含有する多孔質層)
3 負極活物質含有層
4 集電体
Claims (20)
- 正極、負極および非水電解質を含む非水二次電池であって、
前記正極は、正極集電体を含み、
前記正極集電体の少なくとも片面には、Li含有遷移金属酸化物を含有する正極活物質含有層が配置され、
前記負極は、負極集電体を含み、
前記負極集電体の少なくとも片面には、Liと合金化が可能な元素を含む負極活物質を含有する負極活物質含有層が配置され、
前記負極活物質含有層の前記負極集電体とは反対側の表面には、Liと反応しない絶縁性の材料を含有する多孔質層が配置され、
前記負極集電体の0.2%耐力が、250N/mm2以上であるか、または、前記負極集電体の引張強度が、300N/mm2以上であることを特徴とする非水二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質含有層が、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミドおよびポリアミドよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のバインダを含有している請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記Liと反応しない絶縁性の材料が、アルミナまたはベーマイトである請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記多孔質層が、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミドおよびポリアミドよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のバインダを含有している請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記多孔質層の厚みが、2~10μmである請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記負極集電体が、Zr、Cr、Sn、Zn、Ni、SiおよびPよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含むCu合金により構成されている請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記Liと合金化が可能な元素が、Siおよび/またはSnである請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質が、SiとOとを構成元素に含み、Siに対するOの原子比xが0.5≦x≦1.5である請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質含有層が、導電性材料として炭素材料を含有している請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質が、SiとOとを構成元素に含み、Siに対するOの原子比xが0.5≦x≦1.5である材料と、炭素材料との複合体である請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記複合体の表面が、更に炭素材料で被覆されている請求項10に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質含有層における導電性材料の量が、5~50質量%である請求項9に記載の非水二次電池。
- 正極、負極および非水電解質を含む非水二次電池であって、
前記正極は、正極集電体を含み、
前記正極集電体の少なくとも片面には、Li含有遷移金属酸化物を含有する正極活物質含有層が配置され、
前記負極は、負極集電体を含み、
前記負極集電体の少なくとも片面には、Liと合金化が可能な元素を含む負極活物質と、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミドおよびポリアミドよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のバインダとを含有する負極活物質含有層が配置され、
前記負極集電体の0.2%耐力が、250N/mm2以上であるか、または、前記負極集電体の引張強度が、300N/mm2以上であることを特徴とする非水二次電池。 - 前記負極集電体が、Zr、Cr、Sn、Zn、Ni、SiおよびPよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含むCu合金により構成されている請求項13に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記Liと合金化が可能な元素が、Siおよび/またはSnである請求項13に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質が、SiとOとを構成元素に含み、Siに対するOの原子比xが0.5≦x≦1.5である請求項13に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質含有層が、導電性材料として炭素材料を含有している請求項13に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質が、SiとOとを構成元素に含み、Siに対するOの原子比xが0.5≦x≦1.5である材料と、炭素材料との複合体である請求項13に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記複合体の表面が、更に炭素材料で被覆されている請求項18に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質含有層における導電性材料の量が、5~50質量%である請求項17に記載の非水二次電池。
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Also Published As
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JPWO2010050507A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
CN102132443A (zh) | 2011-07-20 |
KR20110034031A (ko) | 2011-04-04 |
US20110159370A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
JP5416128B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
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