WO2009119249A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009119249A1 WO2009119249A1 PCT/JP2009/053716 JP2009053716W WO2009119249A1 WO 2009119249 A1 WO2009119249 A1 WO 2009119249A1 JP 2009053716 W JP2009053716 W JP 2009053716W WO 2009119249 A1 WO2009119249 A1 WO 2009119249A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D493/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/621—Aromatic anhydride or imide compounds, e.g. perylene tetra-carboxylic dianhydride or perylene tetracarboxylic di-imide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/30—Highest occupied molecular orbital [HOMO], lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [LUMO] or Fermi energy values
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as an organic EL element or an element) used for a planar light source or a display element.
- an organic electroluminescent element hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as an organic EL element or an element
- Organic EL elements have been actively developed from the viewpoint of application to displays and lighting.
- the driving principle of the organic EL element is as follows. That is, holes and electrons are injected from the anode and the cathode, respectively, and these are transported through the organic thin film, recombined in the light emitting layer to generate an excited state, and light emission can be obtained from this excited state.
- the movement of carriers in the organic EL element is limited by the energy barrier between the electrode and the organic thin film and the low carrier mobility in the organic thin film, there is a limit to improving the light emission efficiency.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that by using a phthalocyanine-based metal complex as a hole injection layer, it is possible to reduce the voltage of the device and improve the driving stability. Since it has absorption in the visible light region, there has been a problem that luminous efficiency is lowered. In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to adjust the chromaticity of color development.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an organic EL element in which an np organic layer adjacent to an anode and an np junction layer including a p-type organic layer provided on the n-type organic layer are arranged.
- the difference between the LUMO energy level of the n-type organic layer and the Fermi energy level of the anode is 2.0 eV or less
- the difference between the LUMO energy level of the n-type organic layer and the HOMO energy level of the p-type organic layer is 1.
- An organic electroluminescent element that is 0 eV or less is disclosed.
- the n-type organic layer can be read as a hole injection layer.
- a p-type organic layer can be read as a positive hole transport layer or a light emitting layer.
- Patent Document 2 discloses 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), fluorine as an electron-donating compound used for the n-type organic layer.
- Substituted 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), cyano-substituted PTCDA, naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA), fluorine-substituted NTCDA, cyano-substituted NTCDA, or hexa Nitrile hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) is disclosed.
- the present invention is to provide a high-quality organic EL element that has high luminous efficiency even at a low voltage, and has little change with time during continuous driving.
- the present invention relates to a hole injection material for an organic electroluminescent device comprising a carboxylic acid derivative represented by the following general formula (1).
- X represents O or N—R
- R represents H or a monovalent substituent.
- the present invention also includes a carboxylic acid derivative represented by the above general formula (1) in an organic electroluminescent device having at least one light emitting layer and a hole injection layer between an anode and a cathode facing each other.
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device having a hole injection layer.
- the present invention contains a hole transporting material having an ionization potential (IP) of 6.0 eV or less in at least one of the hole injection layer and the layer adjacent to the hole injection layer.
- IP ionization potential
- the layer adjacent to the hole injection layer may be a hole transport layer or a light emitting layer.
- the hole transport material having an IP of 6.0 eV or less is preferably an arylamine hole transport material.
- the hole injection material for organic EL elements of the present invention is a carboxylic acid derivative represented by the above general formula (1).
- the organic EL device of the present invention has at least one light emitting layer and a hole injection layer between an opposing anode and cathode, and contains a carboxylic acid derivative represented by the above general formula (1). It has a hole injection layer.
- X represents O or N—R.
- R represents hydrogen or a monovalent substituent bonded to a nitrogen atom, and preferred substituents are exemplified below.
- substituents may be further substituted with the above-mentioned substituents or halogen.
- substituents or halogen For example, an aryl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, or a heterocyclic group may be further substituted with an alkyl group, halogen, or the like.
- the substituent is used for calculating the carbon number. Include the carbon number of the substituent to be substituted.
- a plurality of these substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- Preferred X is NR in which R is the above substituent in addition to O and NH. More preferable X is O, NH or NR in which R is the following substituent.
- This R is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl group, aryl group or aromatic heterocyclic group may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or halogen.
- the hole injection layer of the organic EL device of the present invention contains a material containing at least one compound selected from the compounds represented by the general formula (1).
- This hole injection layer may be formed from only the compound of the general formula (1) or a mixture thereof, or may be mixed with other hole injection materials.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be used in an amount of 0.1 wt% or more, preferably 1 wt% or more, but 50 wt% in order to fully exhibit the effects of the present invention. % Or more, more preferably 80 wt% or more.
- the hole injection layer referred to in the present invention is a layer disposed on the anode side with respect to the light emitting layer, and includes a hole injection material or a hole injection material and a hole transport material as main active components, and contains holes.
- a layer having a function of injecting. Therefore, the hole injection layer can contain a hole transporting material in addition to the hole injection material.
- a hole transporting material it may be referred to as a hole injecting and transporting layer, but is understood as a form of the hole injecting layer herein.
- the hole injection material as used in the field of this invention means the material used for the said hole injection layer.
- the hole transporting material is preferably a hole transporting material having an ionization potential (IP) of 6.0 eV or less.
- IP ionization potential
- an arylamine hole transporting material is preferably exemplified.
- the layer adjacent to the hole injection layer is preferably a hole transport layer or a light emitting layer. In the case of a light emitting layer, the hole transport layer is omitted.
- the hole injecting layer contains a hole transporting material
- the ratio of the hole injecting material to the hole transporting material can vary widely, but the weight ratio is 1: 9 to 9: 1, preferably 3 : 7 to 7: 3 is preferable.
- the hole injection layer may contain the compound represented by the general formula (1) in an amount of 0.1 wt% or more, preferably 1 wt% or more. Therefore, it is preferable to use 10 wt% or more, more preferably 30 wt% or more.
- 1 and 2 are schematic cross-sectional views showing an example of the organic EL element of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration example of the organic EL element of the present invention. Consists of an anode 2, a hole injection layer 3, a hole transport layer 4, a light emitting layer 5, an electron transport layer 6, an electron injection layer 7, and a cathode 8 on a substrate 1. When contained in at least one of the injection layer and the light emitting layer, the hole transport layer may be omitted. When the electron transporting material is contained in at least one of the light emitting layer and the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer may be omitted. Moreover, you may provide another layer as needed. Examples of other layers include, but are not limited to, an electron blocking layer and a hole blocking layer.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a hole injection layer and one or more light emitting layers as essential layers.
- the light emitting layer may be a single layer or a light emitting layer having a multilayer structure in which a plurality of light emitting layers are stacked.
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the organic EL device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of an element configuration in which the basic element configuration of FIG. 1 is stacked in a tandem type.
- An anode 2, a hole injection layer 3, a hole transport layer 4, a light emitting layer 5, an electron transport layer 6, an electron injection layer 7, and a cathode 8 are stacked on the substrate 1.
- a plurality of units in which the electron injection layer 7 is laminated are laminated between both electrodes. The number of stacked units can be changed as required. Further, a metal thin film may be sandwiched between the adjacent electron injection layer and hole injection layer. The details of each layer are the same as the basic configuration of FIG.
- the element configuration of the present invention may be a single-layer structure of the basic element configuration shown in FIG.
- a multilayer structure there are a plurality of hole injection layers, and at least one, preferably all of the hole injection layers, is a hole injection layer containing the compound of the general formula (1).
- the device performance is improved regardless of whether it is a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. The effect is great when applied to a multilayer structure.
- the substrate 1 serves as a support for the organic electroluminescent element, and a quartz or glass plate, a metal plate or a metal foil, a plastic film or a sheet is used.
- a glass plate or a transparent synthetic resin plate such as polyester, polymethacrylate, polycarbonate, or polysulfone is preferable.
- a synthetic resin substrate it is necessary to pay attention to gas barrier properties. If the gas barrier property of the substrate is too small, the organic electroluminescent element may be deteriorated by the outside air that has passed through the substrate, which is not preferable. For this reason, a method of securing a gas barrier property by providing a dense silicon oxide film or the like on at least one surface of the synthetic resin substrate is also one of preferable methods.
- Anode 2 is provided on the substrate 1.
- This anode is usually a metal such as aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, palladium, platinum or the like, an oxide of indium and / or tin, an oxide of zinc and / or tin, an oxide of tungsten and / or tin. It is composed of an oxide, a metal halide such as copper iodide, carbon black, or a conductive polymer such as poly (3-methylthiophene), polypyrrole, or polyaniline.
- the anode is often formed by a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, or the like.
- anode can also be formed by coating.
- a thin film can be directly formed on the substrate by electrolytic polymerization, or the anode can be formed by applying a conductive polymer on the substrate.
- the anode can be formed by stacking different materials.
- the thickness of the anode 2 varies depending on the required transparency. When transparency is required, the visible light transmittance is usually 60% or more, preferably 80% or more.
- the film thickness of the anode 2 is usually 1 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 500 nm. If it is possible to be opaque, the anode may be the same as the substrate. Further, it is possible to laminate different conductive materials on the anode.
- the hole injection layer 3 is provided on the anode 2.
- a material containing at least one compound selected from the compounds represented by the general formula (1) is used for the hole injection layer.
- This hole injection layer may be formed from only the compound of the general formula (1) or a mixture thereof, or may be mixed with other hole injection materials. Further, as described above, the hole injection layer 3 can also contain a hole transport material.
- the compounding quantity of the compound represented by General formula (1) is as above-mentioned, when using this compound with an n-type material and using it as a dopant, even if it is 0.1 wt% or more, it is constant. However, when mixed with other hole injection materials, 50 wt% or more is preferable in order to sufficiently exhibit the effects of the present invention.
- hole injection materials include phthalocyanine compounds such as copper phthalocyanine, organic compounds such as polyaniline and polythiophene, and metal oxides such as vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, and molybdenum oxide.
- the hole injection layer can be formed by thinning the hole injection material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. it can.
- the film thickness of the hole injection layer is 30 nm or less, preferably 20 nm or less, when formed only from the compound of the general formula (1). More preferably, it is 5 to 15 nm. If the thickness is greater than this, the organic EL element will be increased in voltage and efficiency due to a decrease in hole injection characteristics, and consequently drive stability will be decreased. In the case where the hole injection layer is formed from a mixed layer of the compound of the general formula (1) and another hole injection material, it is usually 1 to 300 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm.
- a hole transporting material can be contained in the hole injection layer, but also in this case, the film thickness is usually 1 to 300 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm.
- the film thickness is usually 1 to 300 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm.
- the hole transport layer 4 is provided on the hole injection layer 3.
- the hole transport layer plays a role of efficiently transporting holes from the anode to the light emitting layer.
- the hole transporting material contained in the hole transporting layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having hole transporting properties, but is preferably a compound having an IP of 6.0 eV or less, more preferably 5. 8 eV or less. If it is larger than this range, the hole transfer from the hole injection layer to the hole transport layer cannot be performed smoothly, which leads to higher voltage and lower efficiency of the organic EL device, and hence lower driving stability.
- triazole derivatives As hole transport materials, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, Examples thereof include fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
- arylamine-based hole transporting material shown below.
- arylamine hole transporting material examples include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl; N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3 -Methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (TPD); 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane; 1,1-bis (4- Di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane; N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) phen
- the film thickness of the hole transport layer is usually 1 to 300 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm, and a thin film is formed on the hole injection layer by the same method as the hole injection layer.
- the hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- the light-emitting layer 5 is provided on the hole transport layer 4.
- the light emitting layer has a function of recombining holes and electrons to emit light.
- the emissive light emitting layer may be formed from a single light emitting layer, or may be formed by laminating a plurality of light emitting layers adjacent to each other.
- the light emitting layer is composed of a host material and a fluorescent light emitting material or a phosphorescent light emitting material, and any material conventionally used for forming these layers can be used. In the case where the light emitting layer contains a hole transporting material, the hole transporting layer may not be provided between the hole injection layer and the light emitting layer.
- Host materials include fused ring derivatives such as anthracene and pyrene, which have been known as light emitters, metal chelated oxinoid compounds such as tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum, bisstyrylanthracene derivatives and distyrylbenzene derivatives.
- Bisstyryl derivatives tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, coumarin derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, pyrrolopyridine derivatives, perinone derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, thiadiazolopyridine derivatives, in polymer systems, polyphenylene vinylene derivatives, polyparaphenylene Derivatives, polythiophene derivatives and the like can be used.
- condensed ring derivatives such as perylene and rubrene, quinacridone derivatives, phenoxazone 660, DCM1, perinone, coumarin derivatives, pyromethene (diazaindacene) derivatives, cyanine dyes and the like can be used.
- a material containing an organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold is preferable.
- Preferred phosphorescent dopants include complexes such as Ir (ppy) 3 having a noble metal element such as Ir as a central metal, complexes such as Ir (bt) 2 ⁇ acac3, and complexes such as PtOEt3.
- the film thickness of the emissive layer is usually 1 to 300 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm, and a thin film is formed on the hole transport layer by the same method as the hole injection layer. It is also preferable to sequentially stack a plurality of light emitting layer materials to form a light emitting layer having a multilayer structure, but the thickness of the light emitting layer in this case is also preferably in the above range.
- Electron transport layer Although the electron transport layer 6 is provided on the light emitting layer 5, when an electron transport material is contained in a light emitting layer, it is not necessary to provide.
- the electron transport layer is formed of a compound that can efficiently transport electrons injected from the cathode between electrodes to which an electric field is applied in the direction of the light emitting layer.
- the electron transporting compound used for the electron transporting layer needs to be a compound that has high electron transport efficiency from the cathode and that can efficiently transport injected electrons with high electron mobility. is there.
- Examples of the electron transport material satisfying such conditions include metal complexes such as Alq3, metal complexes of 10-hydroxybenzo [h] quinoline, oxadiazole derivatives, distyrylbiphenyl derivatives, silole derivatives, 3- or 5-hydroxyflavones.
- Metal complex such as Alq3, metal complexes of 10-hydroxybenzo [h] quinoline, oxadiazole derivatives, distyrylbiphenyl derivatives, silole derivatives, 3- or 5-hydroxyflavones.
- Examples thereof include silicon carbide, n-type zinc sulfide, and n-type zinc selenide.
- the film thickness of the electron transport layer is usually 1 to 300 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm, and a thin film is formed on the light emitting layer by the same method as the hole injection layer.
- This electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- Electron Injection Layer Furthermore, providing the electron injection layer 7 on the electron transport layer 6 is also an effective method for improving the efficiency of the device.
- the electron injection layer plays a role of injecting electrons into the light emitting layer.
- Specific examples of the electron injection material include alkali metal salts such as LiF, MgF 2 , and Li 2 O, alkaline earth metal salts, alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal salts, alkali metal complexes such as Liq, and Li, Cs , Alkali metals such as Ca, alkaline earth metals and the like.
- the film thickness of the electron injection layer is usually 0.1 to 300 nm, preferably 0.5 to 50 nm, and a thin film is formed on the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer by the same method as the hole injection layer.
- the electron injection layer may be formed of only the above material alone, or a layer in which the electron injection material and the electron transport layer material are mixed at an arbitrary ratio. In this case, either the electron injection layer or the electron transport may be omitted.
- the cathode 8 plays a role of injecting electrons into the electron injection layer.
- the material used as the cathode can be the material used for the anode, but a metal having a low work function is preferable for efficient electron injection, such as tin, magnesium, indium, calcium, aluminum, A suitable metal such as lithium or silver or an alloy thereof is used. Specific examples include low work function alloy electrodes such as magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, and aluminum-lithium alloy.
- metals such as aluminum, silver, copper, nickel, chromium, gold, platinum are used.
- the film thickness of the cathode is usually 1 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 500 nm, and a thin film is formed on the electron injection layer or the light emitting unit by the same method as the hole injection layer.
- This cathode may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced by producing a conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode after producing the metal with a film thickness of 1 nm to 20 nm. By applying this, it is possible to produce a device in which both the anode and the cathode are transparent.
- each layer can be formed as described above.
- the hole injection layer 3 to the electron injection layer 7 are sequentially provided in the shape of the anode 2 to form the first unit (I).
- the hole injection layer 3 to the electron injection layer 7 are sequentially provided on the electron injection layer 7 which is the uppermost layer of the unit (I) to form the second unit (II).
- similarly up to the Nth unit (N) can be provided in the same manner.
- a cathode 8 is provided on the electron injection layer 7 of the unit (N).
- the unit is also referred to as a light emitting unit because it has a light emitting layer as a center.
- the same symbols as those in FIG. 2 the same symbols as those in FIG.
- a cathode 8 an electron injection layer 7, an electron transport layer 6, a light emitting layer 5, a hole transport layer 4, a hole injection layer 3, and an anode 2 are laminated on the substrate 1 in this order. It is also possible to provide the organic EL element of the present invention between two substrates, at least one of which is highly transparent as described above. Also in this case, layers can be added or omitted as necessary. The same applies to the multilayer structure shown in FIG.
- the organic EL element can be applied to any of a single element, an element having a structure arranged in an array, and a structure in which an anode and a cathode are arranged in an XY matrix.
- the organic EL device of the present invention by using the compound of the general formula (1) for the hole injection layer, a device having higher luminous efficiency at a lower voltage and greatly improved driving stability can be obtained. Excellent performance in full-color or multi-color panel applications.
- a triarylamine compound is used for the hole transport layer, the effect is further increased.
- the hole injecting and transporting evaluation test was performed using the evaluation element shown in FIG.
- This evaluation element has an anode 2, a hole injection layer 3, a hole transport layer 4, and a cathode 8 on a glass substrate 1.
- Example 1 In FIG. 3, each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode electrode made of ITO having a thickness of 150 nm was formed.
- exemplary compound 1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as a material for forming a hole injection layer on ITO.
- NPB 4,4′-bis (N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino) biphenyl
- Al aluminum
- Example 2 An evaluation element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the exemplified compound 14 was used as a material for forming the hole injection layer.
- Comparative Example 1 An evaluation element was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that CuPc (copper-phthalocyanine) was used as a material for forming the hole injection layer.
- CuPc copper-phthalocyanine
- Comparative Example 2 An evaluation element was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that NTCDA (1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride) was used as a material for forming the hole injection layer.
- NTCDA 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride
- the current density in Table 1 indicates the current density value (A / m 2 ) that flowed at 5V. As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the hole injection material of the present invention exhibits better hole injection properties even at the same voltage.
- the IP of NPB is 5.4 eV.
- Example 3 An evaluation element was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the hole injection layer was 20 nm and the thickness of the hole transport layer was 100 nm.
- Comparative Example 3 An evaluation element was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that NTCDA was used as a material for forming the hole injection layer.
- each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode electrode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- Exemplified Compound 1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as a hole injection layer on ITO.
- NPB was formed to a thickness of 25 nm as a hole transport layer.
- DNA (9,10-di (2-naphthyl) anthracene) and TBP (2,5,8,11-tetratertiary butylperylene) as the light emitting layer are deposited as different evaporation sources.
- TBP was co-evaporated to 1.0 wt% to form a thickness of 30 nm.
- Alq3 tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum complex
- Alq3 and Liq ((8-quinolinolato) lithium complex) were co-deposited on the electron transport layer from different deposition sources so that Liq was 25% by weight to form a thickness of 10 nm.
- aluminum (Al) was formed to a thickness of 100 nm as a cathode electrode on the electron injection layer, and 1 unit of organic EL element was produced.
- Example 5 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the hole injection layer was changed to a mixed layer of Exemplified Compound 1 and NPB (weight ratio 50:50) 10 nm.
- Comparative Example 4 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the hole injection layer was an NTCDA layer.
- the organic EL element had light emission characteristics as shown in Table 3.
- the luminance, voltage, and luminous efficiency are values at 100 A / m 2
- the half-life is 250 A / m 2 .
- each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode electrode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- Exemplified Compound 1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as a hole injection layer on ITO.
- NPB was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as a hole transport layer.
- NPB and rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene) are used as the first light emitting layer on the hole transport layer layer from different vapor deposition sources so that the rubrene content becomes 1.0 wt%.
- Co-deposited to a thickness of 20 nm.
- DNA (9,10-di (2-naphthyl) anthracene) and TBP (2,5,8,11-tetratertiarybutylperylene) are used as the second light emitting layer from different vapor deposition sources, and TBP is 1 Co-evaporated to 0.0 wt% to form a thickness of 30 nm.
- Alq3 tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum complex
- Alq3 and Liq ((8-quinolinolato) lithium complex) were co-deposited on the electron transport layer from different deposition sources so that Liq was 25% by weight to form a thickness of 10 nm.
- aluminum (Al) was formed to a thickness of 100 nm as a cathode electrode on the electron injection layer, and 1 unit of organic EL element was produced.
- Example 7 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the hole transport layer was omitted and the thickness of the first light emitting layer was changed to 30 nm.
- Comparative Example 5 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that NTCDA was used as the hole injection layer material.
- Example 8 In FIG. 2, each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode electrode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- Exemplified Compound 1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as a hole injection layer on ITO.
- NPB was formed to a thickness of 25 nm as a hole transport layer.
- NPB and rubrene were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources as a first light emitting layer so that the rubrene content would be 1.0 wt%, thereby forming a thickness of 20 nm.
- DNA and TBP were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources so that the TBP was 1.0% by weight to form a thickness of 30 nm.
- Alq3 was formed to a thickness of 30 nm as an electron transport layer.
- Alq3 and Liq were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources so that Liq was 25% by weight to form a thickness of 10 nm, and subsequently Al was added at 0.05 nm / s.
- An electron injection layer was formed by vapor deposition of 2 nm.
- Exemplified Compound 1 as a hole injection layer was again formed to a thickness of 50 nm at the same rate as described above.
- Comparative Example 6 A 2-unit organic EL device was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that NTCDA was used as the hole injection layer material.
- the organic EL device of the present invention it is possible to obtain a device having high luminous efficiency and greatly improved driving stability even at a low voltage as compared with the prior art. Furthermore, an element with little deterioration during high temperature storage can be obtained. As a result, excellent performance can be exhibited in application to full-color or multi-color panels.
- the organic electroluminescent device is a flat panel display (for example, for OA computers and wall-mounted televisions), an in-vehicle display device, a light source utilizing characteristics of a mobile phone display or a surface light emitter (for example, a light source of a copying machine, It can be applied to liquid crystal displays and back light sources for instruments, display panels, and marker lamps, and its technical value is great.
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Abstract
Description
A.単層構成例
1)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
2)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
3)陽極/正孔注入層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
B.多層構成例
1)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
2)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/金属薄膜/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
3)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/金属薄膜/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
基板1は有機電界発光素子の支持体となるものであり、石英やガラスの板、金属板や金属箔、プラスチックフィルムやシートなどが用いられる。特にガラス板や、ポリエステル、ポリメタクリレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリスルホンなどの透明な合成樹脂の板が好ましい。合成樹脂基板を使用する場合にはガスバリア性に留意する必要がある。基板のガスバリア性が小さすぎると、基板を通過した外気により有機電界発光素子が劣化することがあるので好ましくない。このため、合成樹脂基板の少なくとも片面に緻密なシリコン酸化膜等を設けてガスバリア性を確保する方法も好ましい方法の一つである。
基板1上には陽極2が設けられる。この陽極は、通常、アルミニウム、金、銀、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金等の金属、インジウム及び/又はスズの酸化物、亜鉛及び/又はスズの酸化物、タングステン及び/又はスズの酸化物などの金属酸化物、ヨウ化銅などのハロゲン化金属、カーボンブラック、あるいは、ポリ(3-メチルチオフェン)、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子などにより構成される。陽極の形成は通常、スパッタリング法、真空蒸着法などにより行われることが多い。また、銀などの金属微粒子、ヨウ化銅などの微粒子、カーボンブラック、導電性の金属酸化物微粒子、導電性高分子微粉末などの場合には、適当なバインダー樹脂溶液に分散し、基板上に塗布することにより陽極を形成することもできる。更に、導電性高分子の場合は電解重合により直接基板上に薄膜を形成したり、基板上に導電性高分子を塗布して陽極を形成することもできる。陽極は異なる物質で積層して形成することも可能である。陽極2の厚みは、必要とする透明性により異なる。透明性が必要とされる場合は、可視光の透過率を、通常、60%以上、好ましくは80%以上とすることがよい。陽極2の膜厚については、通常、1~1000nm、好ましくは10~500nmである。なお不透明でよい場合、陽極は基板と同一でもよい。また、更には上記の陽極の上に異なる導電材料を積層することも可能である。
陽極2の上に正孔注入層3が設けられる。正孔注入層には、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を含む材料が使用される。この正孔注入層は、一般式(1)の化合物のみ又はその混合物から形成されてもよく、他の正孔注入材料と混合されたものであってもよい。また、上記したように、正孔注入層3は正孔輸送材料を含むことも可能である。一般式(1)で表される化合物の配合量は前記のとおりであるが、この化合物をn型材料と共に使用する場合で、ドーパントとして使用する場合は、0.1wt%以上であっても一定の効果を奏するが、他の正孔注入材料と混合使用する場合は、本発明の効果を十分に発揮するためには50wt%以上が好ましい。
正孔注入層3の上に正孔輸送層4が設けられる。正孔輸送層は、陽極から発光層へ効率良く正孔を輸送する役割を担う。正孔輸送層に含有される正孔輸送性材料は正孔輸送性を有する化合物であれば特に限定されるものではないが、IPが6.0eV以下である化合物が好ましく、より好ましくは5.8eV以下である。これより大きくなると、正孔注入層から正孔輸送層への正孔移動がスムーズに行えず、有機EL素子の高電圧化や低効率化、ひいては駆動安定性の低下を引き起こす。
正孔輸送層4の上には発光層5が設けられる。発光層は正孔及び電子を再結合させ、発光する機能を有する。
発光層5の上には電子輸送層6が設けられるが、発光層中に電子輸送性材料を含有する場合は、設けなくても良い。電子輸送層は、電界を与えられた電極間において陰極から注入された電子を効率よく発光層の方向に輸送することができる化合物より形成される。電子輸送層に用いられる電子輸送性化合物としては、陰極からの電子輸送効率が高く、かつ、高い電子移動度を有し注入された電子を効率よく輸送することができる化合物であることが必要である。
更に、電子輸送層6の上には電子注入層7を設けることも素子の効率を向上させる有効な方法である。電子注入層は、発光層に電子を注入する役割を果たす。
電子注入材料の具体例としては、LiF、MgF2、Li2O等のアルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ土類金属塩、Liq等のアルカリ金属錯体及びLi、Cs、Ca等のアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属等があげられる。
陰極8は、電子注入層に電子を注入する役割を果たす。陰極として用いられる材料は、前記陽極に使用される材料を用いることが可能であるが、効率よく電子注入を行なうには、仕事関数の低い金属が好ましく、スズ、マグネシウム、インジウム、カルシウム、アルミニウム、リチウム、銀等の適当な金属又はそれらの合金が用いられる。具体例としては、マグネシウム-銀合金、マグネシウム-インジウム合金、アルミニウム-リチウム合金等の低仕事関数合金電極が挙げられる。
図3において、膜厚150nmのITOからなる陽極電極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度1.0×10-5 Paで積層させた。まず、まず、ITO上に正孔注入層を形成する材料として例示化合物1を10nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層としてNPB(4,4'-ビス(N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ)ビフェニル)を110nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、正孔輸送層上に陰極電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を100nmの厚さに形成し、正孔注入輸送性評価用素子を作成した。
正孔注入層を形成する材料として例示化合物14を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして評価用素子を作成した。
正孔注入層を形成する材料としてCuPc(銅-フタロシアニン)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして評価用素子を作成した。
正孔注入層を形成する材料としてNTCDA(1,4,5,8-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして評価用素子を作成した。
正孔注入層の膜厚を20nmにし、正孔輸送層の膜厚を100nmにした以外は、実施例1と同様にして評価用素子を作成した。
正孔注入層を形成する材料としてNTCDAを用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして評価用素子を作成した。
図1において、膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極電極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度1.0×10-5 Paで積層させた。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層として例示化合物1を10nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層としてNPBを25nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層層上に、発光層としてDNA(9,10-ジ(2-ナフチル)アントラセン)とTBP(2,5,8,11-テトラターシャリーブチルペリレン)とを異なる蒸着源から、TBPが1.0重量%になるよう共蒸着し、30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子輸送層としてAlq3(トリス(8-キノリノラト)アルミニウム錯体)を30nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてAlq3とLiq((8-キノリノラト)リチウム錯体)とを異なる蒸着源から、Liqが25重量%になるよう共蒸着し、10nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に陰極電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を100nmの厚さに形成し、1ユニットの有機EL素子を作成した。
正孔注入層を例示化合物1とNPBの混合層(重量比50:50)10nmにした以外は実施例4と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
正孔注入層をNTCDAの層にした以外は実施例4と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
図1において、膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極電極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度1.0×10-5 Paで積層させた。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層として例示化合物1を10nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層としてNPBを10nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層層上に、1つめの発光層としてNPBとルブレン(5,6,11,12-テトラフェニルテトラセン)とを異なる蒸着源から、ルブレンが1.0重量%になるよう共蒸着し、20nmの厚さに形成した。次に、2つめの発光層としてDNA(9,10-ジ(2-ナフチル)アントラセン)とTBP(2,5,8,11-テトラターシャリーブチルペリレン)とを異なる蒸着源から、TBPが1.0重量%になるよう共蒸着し、30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子輸送層としてAlq3(トリス(8-キノリノラト)アルミニウム錯体)を30nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてAlq3とLiq((8-キノリノラト)リチウム錯体)とを異なる蒸着源から、Liqが25重量%になるよう共蒸着し、10nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に陰極電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を100nmの厚さに形成し、1ユニットの有機EL素子を作成した。
正孔輸送層を省き、1つめの発光層膜厚を30nmにした以外は、実施例6と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
正孔注入層材料として、NTCDAを用いた以外は、実施例6と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
図2において、膜厚110 nmのITOからなる陽極電極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度1.0×10-5 Paで積層させた。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層として例示化合物1を10nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層としてNPBを25nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層上に、1つめの発光層としてNPBとルブレンとを異なる蒸着源から、ルブレンが1.0重量%になるよう共蒸着し、20nmの厚さに形成した。次に、2つめの発光層としてDNAとTBPとを異なる蒸着源から、TBPが1.0重量%になるよう共蒸着し、30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子輸送層としてAlq3を30nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、Alq3とLiqとを異なる蒸着源から、Liqが25重量%になるよう共蒸着し、10nmの厚さに形成した後、続いてAlを0.05nm/sにて2nm蒸着し、電子注入層を形成した。次に、再び正孔注入層である例示化合物1を上記と同レートにて50nmの厚さに形成した。続いて正孔輸送層から電子注入層までを上記と同じように成膜した。最後に、電子注入層上に陰極電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を100nmの厚さに形成し、2ユニットの有機EL素子を作成した。
正孔注入層材料として、NTCDAを用いた以外は、実施例8と同様にして2ユニットの有機EL素子を作成した。
Claims (5)
- 一般式(1)で表わされるカルボン酸誘導体を含む正孔注入層又は該正孔注入層に隣接する層の少なくとも1層にイオン化ポテンシャルが6.0eV以下である正孔輸送性材料を含有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子。
- 正孔注入層に隣接する層が正孔輸送層又は発光層である請求項3に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子。
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イオン化ポテンシャルが6.0eV以下である正孔輸送性材料がアリールアミン系正孔輸送性材料である請求項3に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子。
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EP09725501.2A EP2276085B1 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-02-27 | Organic electroluminescent device |
CN200980108794.0A CN101990718B (zh) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-02-27 | 有机场致发光元件 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5123375B2 (ja) | 2013-01-23 |
EP2276085A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
TWI478624B (zh) | 2015-03-21 |
CN101990718B (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
US20110101319A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
KR20110007154A (ko) | 2011-01-21 |
EP2276085A4 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
CN101990718A (zh) | 2011-03-23 |
US8847367B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
TW200942072A (en) | 2009-10-01 |
KR101528490B1 (ko) | 2015-06-12 |
EP2276085B1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
JPWO2009119249A1 (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
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