WO2005050328A2 - トナー及び二成分現像剤 - Google Patents
トナー及び二成分現像剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005050328A2 WO2005050328A2 PCT/JP2004/016261 JP2004016261W WO2005050328A2 WO 2005050328 A2 WO2005050328 A2 WO 2005050328A2 JP 2004016261 W JP2004016261 W JP 2004016261W WO 2005050328 A2 WO2005050328 A2 WO 2005050328A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- G03G9/08782—Waxes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
- G03G9/09314—Macromolecular compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
- G03G9/09335—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
- G03G9/09342—Inorganic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09392—Preparation thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
- G03G9/09725—Silicon-oxides; Silicates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/107—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having magnetic components
- G03G9/108—Ferrite carrier, e.g. magnetite
- G03G9/1085—Ferrite carrier, e.g. magnetite with non-ferrous metal oxide, e.g. MgO-Fe2O3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1131—Coating methods; Structure of coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1132—Macromolecular components of coatings
- G03G9/1133—Macromolecular components of coatings obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/1134—Macromolecular components of coatings obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing fluorine atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a toner and a two-component developer used in a copier, a laser printer, a plain paper fax, a color PPC, a color laser printer, a color fax, and a composite machine thereof.
- toner has the characteristic of strong cohesiveness, so that the tendency of the toner image to be disturbed at the time of transfer and the poor transfer tend to be more remarkable. It is difficult to balance them.
- toner has a low melting point component on the carrier surface due to heat generated by collision or friction between particles, or collision between particles and a developing device, mechanical collision such as friction, or friction. Adhesive stains tend to occur, which lowers the chargeability of the carrier and hinders the longevity of the developing agent.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a carrier in which a fluorine-substituted alkyl group is introduced into a silicone resin of a coating layer for a positively charged toner.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a coating carrier containing conductive carbon and cross-linked fluorine-modified silicone resin, assuming that the developing ability is high and that it does not deteriorate over a long period of time in a high-speed process. I have. Utilizing the excellent charging characteristics of silicone resin and imparting characteristics such as slipperiness, releasability and water repellency by the fluorine-substituted alkyl group, it is hard to cause abrasion, peeling, cracks, etc.
- the toner for electrostatic charge development used in the electrophotographic method is generally a resin component which is a binder resin, a coloring component comprising a pigment or dye, a plasticizer, a charge controlling agent, It is composed of additional components such as a release agent as needed.
- Natural or synthetic resin is used alone or mixed as appropriate as a fat component. Then, the above additives are preliminarily mixed in an appropriate ratio, heated and kneaded by heat melting, finely pulverized by an airflow collision plate system, and classified into fine powders to complete a toner base.
- a toner matrix is prepared by a chemical polymerization method.
- an external additive such as hydrophobic silica is externally added to the toner matrix to complete the toner.
- a two-component developer is obtained by mixing the toner with a carrier consisting of magnetic particles, although the toner is composed of only the toner.
- a method for realizing oil-less fixing by mixing a release agent such as a wax into a resin having a low softening point during melt-kneading of a toner is being studied.
- a release agent such as a wax
- the fluidity of the toner decreases, the density of the toner during transfer increases, the toner adheres to the photoreceptor, and the toner component for the conventional carrier
- adverse effects such as an increase in the number of vents occur.
- Patent Document 3 a resin particle dispersion obtained by dispersing resin particles in a polar dispersant, and a colorant particle obtained by dispersing colorant particles in a polar dispersant are disclosed.
- the release agent contains at least one ester of at least one of a higher alcohol having 12 to 30 carbon atoms and a higher fatty acid having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, It is disclosed that when the resin particles include at least two kinds of resin particles having different molecular weights, the resin particles are excellent in fixing property, color developing property, transparency, color mixing property and the like.
- Release agents include low molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutene; silicones, fatty acid amides such as oleic amide, erlic acid amide, ricinoleic acid amide, and stearic acid amide; ⁇ Bawax, rice wax, candelilla ⁇ Plant waxes such as totus, wood wax, jojoba oil, etc .; animal waxes such as beeswax; montan wax, saizokerite, ceresin, «raffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch Mineral-based and petroleum-based waxes such as waxes, and modified products thereof are disclosed.
- the ultimate particle size of a release agent or the like is limited to several hundred nanometers.
- the release agent itself also forms a dispersion having a fine particle size.
- the particle size distribution of the dispersion is an important factor.Coarse and cohesive with the resin dispersion and pigment dispersion by simply miniaturizing, the coarse particles exist separately without being mixed and agglomerated. In addition, small particles adhere to the stirring shaft or the wall surface during melting and immediately reduce productivity.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 2801507
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-23429
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-10-198070
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-10-301332
- An object of the present invention is to prepare a toner having a small particle size having a sharp particle size distribution without a classification step. Another object of the present invention is to realize low-temperature fixing, and at the same time high-temperature offset property and storage stability, by using wax in toner in oilless fixing without using oil for the fixing roller. Yet another object of the invention is to include a wax. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-durability, long-life two-component developer that does not deteriorate even when used in combination with a toner having the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus capable of preventing a dropout or scattering during transfer and obtaining high transfer efficiency. Another object of the present invention is to provide a toner and a two-component developing agent which can satisfy the above-mentioned problems comprehensively.
- the present invention is directed to dispersing at least a resin particle dispersion in which resin particles are dispersed, a colorant particle dispersion in which colorant particles are dispersed, and wax particles in an aqueous medium.
- a toner obtained by mixing and aggregating the agglomerated wax particle dispersion and forming agglomerated aggregated particles by heat treatment, wherein the agglomerated aggregated particles are larger than an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m.
- the first particles having a capsule structure that is present in a state of being encapsulated in fat, and the resin and wax are formed in a mixed and dispersed state! And second particles.
- the two-component developer of the present invention comprises, in an aqueous medium, at least a resin particle dispersion in which resin particles are dispersed, a colorant particle dispersion in which colorant particles are dispersed, and wax particles.
- the agglomerated wax having an average particle diameter of more than 1 m is present in a state of being encapsulated in the resin, and is formed in a state where the first particle having a capsule structure and the resin and the wax are mixed and dispersed!
- the external additive comprises 1.0 to 16 parts by weight of an inorganic fine powder having an average particle diameter of 6 nm to 150 nm with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base.
- Force At least the surface of the core material comprises a carrier containing magnetic particles coated with a fluorine-modified silicone resin containing an aminosilane coupling agent.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an image forming apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a fixing unit used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a stirring and dispersing apparatus used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a top view of the stirring and dispersing apparatus used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a stirring and dispersing apparatus used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a top view of the stirring and dispersing device used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional image of a fused particle obtained in one example of the present invention, taken by TEM (transmission electron microscope).
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a cross-sectional image of a fused particle obtained in one example of the present invention, taken by TEM (transmission electron microscope).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional image of a fused particle obtained in one example of the present invention, taken by TEM (transmission electron microscope).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional image of a fused particle obtained in one example of the present invention, taken by TEM (transmission electron microscope).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional image of a fusion particle of a comparative example of the present invention, taken by a TEM (transmission electron microscope).
- the present invention relates to a resin dispersion containing resin particles dispersed therein, a coloring agent particle dispersion containing colorant particles dispersed therein, and a wax particle dispersion containing wax particles dispersed therein in an aqueous system.
- a toner base that is formed by mixing and aggregating and heating. The presence of suspended wax that is not involved in aggregation in aqueous systems.
- Narrow! (4) A small particle size toner having a sharp particle size distribution in the range can be produced without a classification step. In addition, even if oil is not applied, it is possible to realize oilless fixing with low temperature fixing by preventing offset properties.
- a durable two-component developing agent when used in combination with a toner containing a wax such as wax, a durable two-component developing agent can be realized without deterioration due to venting.
- a tandem color process in which image forming stations having a plurality of photoconductors and a developing unit are arranged side by side, and the transfer process is performed successively for each color toner on the transfer body, dropout or reverse transfer during transfer is performed. And achieve high transfer efficiency I can do it.
- the present invention is a small-sized oilless fixer having high glossiness and high translucency, having excellent charging characteristics and environmental dependency, cleaning properties and transferability, and having a sharp particle size distribution.
- the resin particle dispersion is prepared by subjecting the vinyl monomer to emulsion polymerization or seed polymerization in an ionic surfactant to form a homopolymer or copolymer (vinyl) of the vinyl monomer.
- a dispersion is prepared by dispersing the resin particles of the (system-based resin) in an ionic surfactant.
- the means include a dispersion apparatus known per se such as a high-speed rotation type emulsifying apparatus, a high pressure emulsifying apparatus, a colloidal emulsifying apparatus, a ball mill having a medium, a sand mill, and a dyno mill.
- the resin in the resin particles is a resin other than the homopolymer or copolymer of the vinyl monomer
- the resin is an oily solvent having a relatively low solubility in water. If so, the resin is dissolved in the oily solvent, and this solution is dispersed in water with an ionic surfactant and a polymer electrolyte using a disperser such as a homogenizer, and then heated.
- a dispersion liquid is prepared by dispersing resin particles made of a resin other than the bullet resin in an ionic surfactant.
- Examples of the polymerization initiator include 2,2, -azobis- (2,4-dimethylvale-tolyl), 2,2, -azobisisobuty-tolyl, and 1,1, -azobis (cyclohexane-11-carbo-).
- An azo or diazo polymerization initiator such as 2,2,2-azobis-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile and azobisisobutyronitrile can be used.
- the colorant particle dispersion is prepared by adding the colorant particles to water to which a polar surfactant has been added, and dispersing the same using the above-described dispersion means.
- Wax is added to the toner of the present embodiment.
- the toner of the present embodiment is obtained by mixing and aggregating a resin particle dispersion in which resin particles are dispersed in an aqueous medium, a colorant particle dispersion in which colorant particles are dispersed, and a particle dispersion of wax in an aqueous medium, Heating to form aggregated and associated particles Thus, a toner base is obtained.
- the aggregated and associated particles are present at least in a state in which wax that has been agglomerated larger than an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m is included in the resin, and the first particles having a capsule structure and It is preferable to include second particles which are formed in a state where the mixture is dispersed.
- a resin dispersion for a shell in which the resin particles for a shell are dispersed is mixed with the dispersion liquid in which the aggregation-associated particles are dispersed, and the mixture is subjected to a heat treatment so as to be fused with the aggregation-associated particles, to thereby form the fused particles.
- the fused particles are covered with resin particles for shell having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and the average particle diameter is larger than 1 ⁇ m.
- the large agglomerated wax is present in a state of being encapsulated in the resin, and the first particles having a capsule structure and the resin and the wax are formed in a mixed and dispersed state! And second particles.
- the aggregating and associating particles have a configuration in which the proportion of the second particles is 50% by number or more. Further, it is more preferable that the second particles have an abundance of 50% by number or more and 80% by number or less.
- FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 show cross-sectional images of the particles by TEM (transmission electron microscope).
- TEM is Hitachi, H-800, accelerating voltage lOOkv, and the sample is stained with ruthenic acid (0.2% aqueous solution) to clarify the phase separation structure inside the sample (5 minutes)
- the sample was embedded in a room-temperature-curable epoxy resin, and the cross section of the sample was observed by TEM using an ultra-thin section method.
- 7 and 8 501 is a second particle formed in a state where resin and wax are mixed and dispersed
- 502 is a capsule having a capsule structure in which wax is contained in resin.
- One particle is shown in FIGS.
- Reference numeral 501 denotes second particles formed in a state where resin and wax are mixed and dispersed.
- Reference numeral 504 denotes a layer in which resin and wax are mixed and dispersed, and reference numeral 503 denotes a shell resin layer in which the resin is fused. It is.
- reference numeral 502 denotes first particles having a capsule structure in which wax is contained in the resin, and white particles 506 collected in the center of the capsule represent wax contained in the resin.
- Reference numeral 505 denotes a layer in which a resin and a colorant are collected, and reference numeral 503 denotes a shell resin layer in which the resin is fused.
- the thin black film seen in the outermost shell in the figure is dyed to make the interface easier to see during TEM observation. This is color processing and has nothing to do with toner.
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show fused particles in which the first particles and the second particles are mixed.
- FIG. 7 most of the particles are the second particles in the mixed dispersion state, and in FIG. 8, about 60% of the particles are the second particles in the mixed dispersion state.
- Figure 9 is an enlargement of part of Figure 7.
- the abundance ratio was specified by selecting 100 particles having a size of ⁇ 1 m of the volume average particle diameter of the toner.
- the presence of the second particles in which the resin and the wax are mixed and dispersed is more than half as the aggregation-associated particles.
- the softening point is lowered and the amount of wax is reduced, it is possible to prevent cold offset at low temperatures and to improve the low-temperature fixability such as reinforcement of fixing strength.
- the effect of further improving the storage stability can be obtained by fusing the shell resin particles to the aggregated and associated particles. If the content is less than 50% by number, the effect of improving the low-temperature fixability and the effect of improving the storage stability will be difficult to obtain.
- the proportion of the second particles is preferably less than 50% by number. More preferably, the content is more than 20% by number in order to prevent the high-temperature offset resistance and to exert the effect on the separation property of the paper at the time of fixing.
- the particles are mixed and dispersed in a size of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, an effect of improving low-temperature fixability and an effect of improving storage stability can be obtained.
- the fused particles are covered with resin particles for shell having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m or more on the outer shell of the aggregated and associated particles. Thereby, the durability of the toner is improved. The effect of improving the hot offset property is obtained.
- the mixed and dispersed state includes the melting point and composition of wax, Tg of resin, softening point, composition, and aggregation conditions. Can be formed.
- the toner matrix is prepared by dispersing the above-described resin particle dispersion in which the resin particles are dispersed, the colorant particle dispersion in which the colorant particles are dispersed, and the wax particles in an aqueous medium.
- the resulting wax particles are mixed with the dispersion, the pH of the aqueous medium is adjusted under a certain condition, and the temperature of the aqueous medium is adjusted to the melting point of the wax (endothermic peak temperature Tmw by DSC) in the presence of an inorganic salt.
- the toner base is generated by the above-described heating and aggregation and association. At this time, adjust the heating temperature so that it does not become higher than Tmw + 15 ° C.
- the Tg of the resin is lower by at least 10 ° C. than the melting point of titanium. More preferably, it is preferable to use a combination of materials having a temperature lower by 20 ° C. or more. It is more preferable to use a combination of materials that lowers the temperature by 30 ° C. or more.
- the heating temperature of the aqueous medium is in the range of the melting point of wax Tmw-Tmw + 15 ° C, and the pH of the aqueous medium is adjusted to 8 or more with IN NaOH.
- pH is 8-13. If the pH is higher than 13, the particles do not aggregate and aggregated particles having a uniform particle size distribution cannot be formed. If it is smaller than 8, the particles will advance too much and the particles will be huge.
- the temperature of the aqueous medium is lower than Tmw, the aggregation does not proceed uniformly and the formation of particles does not proceed. If the temperature is higher than Tmw + 15 ° C., on the contrary, agglomeration proceeds too much and the particles become large. Also, it is difficult to be in a mixed dispersion state.
- the temperature of the aqueous medium is further increased by 5 ° C or more, and the aqueous medium is heated for a certain period of time (1 hour to 5 hours).
- the aggregated and aggregated toner matrix in the mixed and dispersed state can be generated.
- the pH of the mixed dispersion it is also preferable to adjust the pH of the mixed dispersion to 6 or less before raising the temperature of the aqueous medium by 5 ° C. or more.
- a thermal stimulus By applying a thermal stimulus by raising the temperature to 5 ° C or more, the homogeneity of the particle surface can be improved, and the adhesion and fusion of the next shell resin can be stabilized.
- the pH to 6 or less secondary aggregation can be suppressed, and particles with a narrower particle size distribution can be formed by applying a thermal stimulus.
- the relationship between the Tg of the resin and the melting point of the wax, the treatment temperature of the aqueous medium, and the pH adjustment makes it possible to increase the existence probability of the first particles in which the wax is included in the resin.
- a combination of materials whose Tg of the resin is lower than the melting point of the wax and not lower by 20 ° C or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 5 ° C or more lower than the melting point of the wax, and more preferably a combination of materials that does not lower by 15 ° C or more, more preferably 5 ° C or more and 10 ° C lower than the melting point of the wax. It is preferable to use a combination of materials that does not become lower than C.
- the treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of the aqueous medium higher than Tmw (melting point of wax) by 15 ° C or more. At this time, it is preferable to adjust the pH of the aqueous medium to 11 or more. Since the temperature of the water system is raised, if pH is not adjusted, coagulation proceeds too much and the particles become coarse.
- Tmw melting point of wax
- a dispersion in which the aggregated and associated particles that are aggregated and associated are dispersed, and a resin and a resin dispersion for the shell in which the resin particles for the shell are dispersed are mixed to form the resin for the shell on the surface of the aggregated and associated particles.
- U which also prefers to create a toner matrix by adhering and fusing the particles.
- the volume average particle diameter of the toner matrix obtained at this time is 3 to 7 m, and the coefficient of variation is 25 or less.
- a water-soluble inorganic salt is added, and the temperature of the aqueous medium is reduced. Heat for about 0.5 to 2 hours at 70 to 90 ° C to adhere the resin particles to the surface of the aggregation-associated particles.
- a method of lowering the pH to 6 or less with 1NHC1 and performing the fusion treatment for 18 hours at a temperature of the aqueous medium of 80 ° C. or more, preferably 90 ° C. or more is preferable. By lowering the pH to 6 or less, it is possible to perform a fusion treatment of the adhered shell resin while preventing secondary aggregation, and to produce small-sized particles having a more uniform particle size distribution.
- the pH of the dispersion in which the aggregation-associated particles are dispersed is adjusted to 8 or less.
- the method of adjusting as described above is also preferable.
- the pH is between 8 and 13.
- the pH is higher than 13
- aggregated particles having a uniform particle size distribution are formed, which makes it difficult for the shell resin particles to adhere to the associated particles. Can not. If it is smaller than 8, the adhesion will proceed too much and the particles will be huge.
- a dispersion liquid in which the aggregated and associated particles are aggregated and a resin dispersion liquid for shell in which resin particles for shell are dispersed are mixed together.
- the acidic inorganic salt is added, and the aqueous medium is heated at a temperature of 70 to 90 ° C. for about 0.5 to 2 hours to adhere the resin particles to the surface of the aggregation-associated particles.
- a method is preferred in which the pH is lowered to 6 or less with 1N HCl, and the fusion treatment is performed for 18 hours at a temperature of the aqueous medium of 80 ° C or more, preferably 90 ° C or more.
- the thickness of the shell resin of the fused particles adhered and fused to the aggregated and associated particles is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more. It is more preferably 0.1-3 / ⁇ , still more preferably 0.5-3 m, and still more preferably 11-3 ⁇ m. If it is less than 0.1 m, the adhesion state of the shell resin is poor, and the effect of moisture and the strength of the shell resin itself are insufficient. If it is larger than 3 m, the fixability and gloss will be reduced.
- Examples of the inorganic salt include an alkali metal salt and an alkaline earth metal salt.
- Alkali metals include lithium, potassium, sodium and the like, and alkaline earth metals include magnesium, calcium, strontium, norium and the like. Of these, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and norium are preferred.
- Examples of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal counterion include chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, carbonate ions, sulfate ions, and the like.
- Examples of the organic solvent infinitely soluble in water include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, and acetone. Of these, alcohols having 3 or less carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol are preferred, and 2-propanol is particularly preferred!
- the toner can be obtained through an optional washing step, solid-liquid separation step, and drying step.
- this washing step it is preferable to sufficiently perform replacement washing with ion exchange water from the viewpoint of improving the chargeability.
- a separation method in the solid-liquid separation step a known filtration method such as a suction filtration method and a pressure filtration method is preferably mentioned from the viewpoint of productivity which is not particularly limited.
- the drying method in the drying step is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of easy productivity, a flash jet drying method, a fluidized drying method, and a vibration type drying method are used.
- a known drying method such as a fluidized drying method is preferably exemplified.
- Examples of the polar dispersant include an aqueous medium containing a polar surfactant.
- Examples of the aqueous medium include water such as distilled water and ion-exchanged water, and alcohols. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the polar surfactant in the polar dispersant cannot be specified unconditionally, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- polar surfactant examples include sulfate surfactants, sulfonate surfactants, phosphate phosphate surfactants, soap surfactants, and the like, amine salt surfactants, quaternary ammonium salts. And cationic surfactants of different types.
- a-one surfactant examples include sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfate, sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, and sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate.
- Specific examples of the cationic surfactant include alkyl benzene dimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and distearyl ammonium chloride. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- these polar surfactants and non-polar surfactants can be used in combination.
- the non-polar surfactant include polyethylene glycol-based, alkylphenol-ethylene oxide adduct-based, and polyhydric alcohol-based nonionic surfactants.
- the use of an ester-based wax rather than a vinyl-based wax such as polypropylene or polyethylene allows the resin particles to be prevented from being detached and floated during mixing and aggregation. It can be in a mixed dispersion state. The effect of free wax can be eliminated, filming and carrier spent on OPC and transfer belts can be prevented, and dropout and reverse transfer during transfer can be effectively prevented.
- the wax particle dispersion is prepared by adding a wax in an aqueous medium containing a polar surfactant. Is heated in ion-exchanged water, melted and dispersed.
- 16% diameter in the volume particle size cumulative amount when smaller particle size side force is also obtained by integrating (PR16) Power ⁇ 20- 100mn, 50 0/0 diameter (PR50) Power 40- 160mn, 84 0/0
- the diameter (PR84) force is 260 ⁇ or less, and the PR84 / PR16 force is S1.2-1.8.
- 150mn following particle force 65 vol 0/0 or more, and a particle exceeding 400Ita m is 10 vol% or less.
- the 50% diameter (PR50) is determined to be a fine dispersion of 20 to 200 nm.
- PR50 the 50% diameter
- PR16 is larger than 160nm 50% diameter (PR50) force is larger than 00nm
- PR84 force is larger than 300nm
- PR84ZPR16 is larger than 2.0
- particles of 200nm or less are larger than 65% by volume
- 500nm are larger than 500nm
- the wax is less likely to be taken in between the resin particles, and aggregation of the wax itself often occurs. ⁇ Particles that are not taken up by fat particles and float in water tend to increase.
- the amount of wax exposed and released on the mother toner surface when the resin is adhered and fused increases, filming the photoreceptor and increasing the vent to the carrier! ]
- the handleability in development is reduced, and development memory is easily generated.
- PR16 force is smaller than 20 nm
- 50% diameter (PR50) force is smaller than Onm
- PR84ZPR16 is 1 If it is smaller than 2, the wax will re-agglomerate when it is left to maintain a dispersed state, and the storage stability of the particle size distribution will be poor. In addition, the load increases when dispersing, the heat generation increases, and the productivity decreases.
- the 50% diameter (PR50) in the integrated volume particle diameter when the small particle size side force of the wax particles dispersed in the wax particle dispersion liquid is integrated is the resin at the time of forming the molten aggregate particles.
- the diameter By making the diameter smaller than the 50% diameter (PR50) of the particles, the wax is easily taken in between the resin particles, the aggregation of the wax itself can be prevented, and the dispersion can be performed uniformly. ⁇ Eliminates particles that are incorporated into fat particles and float in water. When the agglomerated particles are heated in an aqueous system to obtain agglomerated agglomerated particles, they can be easily mixed and dispersed. More preferably, the diameter should be at least 20% smaller than the 50% diameter (PR50) of the resin particles.
- a wax melt obtained by melting the wax at a wax concentration of 40% by weight or less in a medium containing a dispersant maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the wax is rotated at a high speed through a fixed gap with the fixed body.
- the wax particles can be dispersed in the fine yarn field.
- a gap of about 0.1 mm to 10 mm is provided in the tank wall in the fixed capacity tank shown in Fig. 3 to rotate the rotating body at a high speed of 30 mZs or more, preferably 40 mZs or more, more preferably 50 mZs or more.
- a strong shearing force acts on the aqueous system, and an emulsified dispersion having a fine particle diameter can be obtained.
- a dispersion can be formed by a treatment time of about 30 s to 5 min.
- a strong shear force is applied to the fixed body as shown in Fig. 4 with a rotating body rotating at 30mZs or more, preferably 40mZs or more, more preferably 50mZs or more with a gap of about 100m provided.
- the particle size distribution of fine particles can be narrower and sharper than in a high-pressure disperser such as a high-pressure homogenizer.
- a high-pressure disperser such as a high-pressure homogenizer.
- the particles forming the dispersion can be kept in a stable dispersion state without reaggregating, and the standing stability of the particle size distribution is improved.
- a molten liquid is prepared by heating under high pressure. Further, the wax is dissolved in an oily solvent. This solution was prepared using the disperser shown in Figs. 3 and 4. By dispersing fine particles in water together with a surfactant and a polymer electrolyte, and then heating or reducing the pressure to evaporate the oily solvent.
- the particle size can be measured using a Horiba laser diffraction particle size analyzer (LA920), a Shimadzu laser diffraction particle size analyzer (SALD2100), or the like.
- LA920 Horiba laser diffraction particle size analyzer
- SALD2100 Shimadzu laser diffraction particle size analyzer
- an ester wax is preferably used as a wax to be added to the toner of the exemplary embodiment.
- a wax having an iodine value of 25 or less and a saponification value of 30 to 300 is preferable.
- the repulsion due to the charge action of the toner at the time of multi-layer transfer of the toner is alleviated, so that the transfer efficiency is reduced, the characters are missing during the transfer, and the reverse transfer can be suppressed.
- generation of a vent on the carrier can be suppressed, and the life of the developer can be extended. Further, the handling property in the developing unit is improved, and the uniformity of the image is improved at the back side and the front side of the development.
- development memory can be reduced. It is easy to be in a mixed dispersion state. If the iodine value is more than 25, the cohesiveness in the aqueous system is deteriorated, the uniform dispersibility is reduced, and color turbidity occurs. If suspended matter increases and remains in the toner, filming of the photoreceptor or the like occurs. At the time of the multi-layer transfer of the toner in the primary transfer, the repulsion due to the charge action of the toner is not easily reduced. It has great environmental dependence and changes in the chargeability of the material during long-term continuous use, which hinders image stability. Also, development memory is likely to occur.
- the saponification value is less than 30, the presence of unsaponifiable compounds and hydrocarbons will increase, resulting in photoreceptor filming and deterioration of chargeability.
- the loss on heating of the wax at 220 ° C is preferably 8% by weight or less. If the heating loss is more than 8% by weight, the glass transition point of the toner is lowered and the storage stability of the toner is impaired. It adversely affects development characteristics and causes capri and photoreceptor filming. The particle size distribution during the production of emulsified dispersed particles becomes broad.
- the molecular weight characteristics in gel permeation chromatography were such that the number average molecular weight was 100-5000, the weight average molecular weight was 200-10000, and the ratio (weight) between the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight.
- Weight average molecular weight (Z number average molecular weight) is 1.01-8, ratio of Z average molecular weight to number average molecular weight (Z average molecular weight / number average molecular weight) is 1.02—10, molecular weight 5 X 10 2 — 1 X 10 4 It is preferable that at least one molecular weight maximum peak be present in the region.
- the number average molecular weight is 500-4500
- the weight average molecular weight is 600-9000
- the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is 1.01-7
- the Z average molecular weight and number average Average molecular weight ratio is 1.02-9, more preferably 700-4000
- number-average molecular weight is 800-8000
- ratio of weight-average molecular weight to number-average molecular weight is 1.01-6
- the ratio of Z average molecular weight to number average molecular weight (Z average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is 1.02-8.
- the storage stability is deteriorated.
- the handling property in the developing device is reduced, and the uniformity of the toner concentration is not maintained. Filming of the photoreceptor of the toner occurs.
- the particle size distribution when producing emulsified and dispersed particles becomes broad.
- the weight average molecular weight is greater than 5000, the weight average molecular weight is greater than 10,000, and the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight (weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is greater than 8 Z average molecular weight and number average molecular weight If the ratio (Z-average molecular weight, Z-number average molecular weight) is greater than 10 and the maximum molecular weight peak is located in a range larger than the 1 ⁇ 10 4 region, the offset resistance performance becomes weak. This makes it difficult to reduce the particle size of the produced particles when the emulsified and dispersed particles are produced. Mixed It is difficult to be in a dispersed state.
- the endothermic peak temperature (melting point Tmw) by the DSC method is 50 to 100 ° C. Preferably it is at 55-95 ° C, more preferably at 65-85 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 50 ° C, the storage stability of the toner deteriorates. If the temperature is higher than 100 ° C., the particle diameter of the produced particles during the production of emulsified and dispersed particles can be reduced. It becomes a mixed dispersion state.
- a material having a volume increase rate of 2 to 30% at a change of 10 ° C at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point is preferable.
- the addition amount is preferably 2-90 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- Preferably, 5-80 parts by weight, more preferably 10-50 parts by weight, and even more preferably 15-20 parts by weight of kneaded starch is added to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. If the amount is less than 2 parts by weight, the effect of improving the fixing property cannot be obtained, and if the amount is more than 90 parts by weight, there is a problem in storage stability.
- wax materials such as meadowfoam oil, carnauba wax derivative, jojoba oil, wood wax, milow, ozokerite, carnauba wax, canderia wax, ceresin wax, rice wax and the like are preferred. These derivatives are also preferably used. It is also possible to use one kind or a combination of two or more kinds. Carnauba wax with a melting point of 76-90 ° C, candelilla wax with 66-80 ° C, hydrogenated jojoba oil with 64-78 ° C, hydrogenated with 64-78 ° C Also preferred are meadowfoam oil or at least one or more waxes selected from the group consisting of rice waxes at 74-90 ° C.
- the Ken-Dani value refers to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide-KOH required to saponify lg of a sample. It is the sum of the acid value and the ester value.
- the iodine value refers to a value obtained by converting the amount of halogen absorbed when a halogen is applied to a sample into iodine and expressing the number of grams per 100 g of the sample. Fat is the number of grams of iodine absorbed by lOOg. A higher value indicates a higher degree of unsaturation of fatty acids in the sample.
- An alcoholic solution of iodine and mercury chloride ( ⁇ ) or a glacial acetic acid solution of iodine chloride is added to the sample's mouth or carbon tetrachloride solution, and the iodine remaining without reaction after standing is titrated with a standard solution of sodium thiosulfate. To calculate the amount of iodine absorbed.
- the weight of the sample cell is precisely weighed to 0.1 mg (Wlmg), and 10 to 15 mg of the sample is put therein, and precisely weighed to 0.1 mg (W2 mg).
- the sample cell is set on a differential thermobalance, and measurement is started with the weighing sensitivity set to 5 mg. After the measurement, read the weight loss at the point when the sample temperature reaches 220 ° C to 0.1 mg using the chart (W3mg).
- a wax obtained by reacting a long-chain alkyl alcohol having 430 carbon atoms with an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or its anhydride and an unsaturated hydrocarbon wax, or a long-chain alkylamine and an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid can be used.
- the wax obtained by the above reaction is preferably used.
- the weight average molecular weight was 1000 to 600
- the Z average molecular weight was 1500 to 9000
- the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight was 1 1-3.8
- the ratio of Z-average molecular weight to number-average molecular weight is 1.5-6.5
- 1 10 3 —3 10 4 It preferably has a peak, an acid value of not more than 80 mg KOHZg, a melting point of 50 to 120 ° C, and a penetration force at 25 ° C or lower.
- the weight average molecular weight is 1000-5000
- the Z average molecular weight is 1700-8000
- the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is 1.1 to 2.8
- Z the ratio of the average molecular weight to number average molecular weight is 1. 5- 4.
- One 70 mg KOHZg, melting point 60-110 ° C is preferred, more preferably the weight average molecular weight is 1000-2500, the Z average molecular weight is 1900-3000, and the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight (weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) Is at least 1.2-1.8, and the ratio of Z-average molecular weight to number-average molecular weight (Z-average molecular weight / number-average molecular weight) is at least one in the range of 1.7-2.5, 1 10 3 —3 10 3 It has two maximum molecular weight peaks, an acid value of 35-50 mg KOHZg and a melting point of 65-95 ° C.
- Non-offset properties and high glossiness in oilless fixing, and high translucency of OHP can be exhibited, and the high-temperature storability does not decrease. It is particularly effective in improving the separation of paper from the fixing roller and belt in images in which three layers of color toner are formed on thin paper.
- the uniform coagulation with the resin pigment becomes possible by the mixed coagulation, thereby eliminating the presence of suspended matter and suppressing the color turbidity.
- wax is unlikely to be released. It is easy to be in a mixed dispersion state.
- the carbon number power of the long-chain alkyl of the wax is smaller than that, the releasing effect is weakened, and the separability and the high-temperature non-offset property are reduced. If the carbon number of the long-chain alkyl is larger than 30, the cohesiveness with the resin becomes poor, and the dispersibility decreases. If the acid value is smaller than lmgKOHZg, the toner will have a reduced charge during long-term use. If the acid value is greater than 80 mgKOHZg, the moisture resistance will decrease and the fog under high humidity will increase. If it is too high, the particle size of the produced particles during the production of emulsified dispersed particles can be reduced. It becomes ⁇ mixed dispersion state.
- the melting point is lower than 50 ° C, the storage stability of the toner decreases. If the melting point is higher than 120 ° C, the demolding effect is weakened and the non-offset temperature range is narrowed. If it is too high, it will be difficult to reduce the particle size of the produced particles when producing emulsified and dispersed particles.
- Weight average molecular weight is less than 1000 Z average molecular weight is less than 1500 Weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight is less than 1.1 z average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight is less than 1.5
- the storage stability of the toner is reduced, generating filming on the photosensitive member or intermediate transfer member.
- the handling property in the developing device is reduced, and the uniformity of the toner concentration is reduced.
- development memory is easily generated. The particle size distribution of the generated particles during the generation of emulsified and dispersed particles under the action of high shearing force due to high-speed rotation becomes broad.
- Weight average molecular weight is greater than 6000 Z average molecular weight is greater than 9000 Weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight is greater than 3.8 Z average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight is greater than 6.5 If the larger molecular weight maximum peak is located in a range larger than the 3 ⁇ 10 4 region, the releasing effect is weakened and the fixing offset property is reduced. Emulsified particles The particle size can be reduced. It becomes ⁇ mixed dispersion state.
- the alcohol those having a long alkyl chain such as octanol, dodecanol, stearyl alcohol, nonacosanol, and pentadecanol can be used. Also, N-methylhexylamine, norlamine, stearylamine, nonadecylamine and the like can be suitably used as the amines.
- the fluoroalkyl alcohol 1-methoxy- (perfluoro-2-methyl-1-propene), hexafluoroacetone, 3-perfluorooctyl 1,2-epoxypropane and the like can be suitably used.
- the unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof one or more of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, citraconic acid, citraconic anhydride and the like can be used. Of these, maleic acid and anhydrous maleic acid are more preferred.
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon wax ethylene, propylene, ⁇ -olefin and the like can be preferably used.
- the unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or its anhydride is polymerized using an alcohol or an amine, and then this is synthesized with a synthetic hydrocarbon in the presence of diculumi peroxide or tertiary butyl peroxyisopropion monocarbonate. It can be obtained by adding it to a system wax.
- the amount of addition is preferably 2-90 parts by weight of katsumi with 100 parts by weight of binder resin.
- a material such as a hydroxystearic acid derivative, a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester such as a glycerin fatty acid ester, a glycol fatty acid ester, or a sorbitan fatty acid ester is preferably used. Combinations of more than one type are also effective. Along with oil-less fixing, the life of the developer can be extended, uniformity in the image forming device can be maintained, and generation of development memory can be suppressed.
- Derivatives of hydroxystearic acid include methyl 12-hydroxystearate, butyl 12-hydroxystearate, propylene glycol mono 12-hydroxystearate, glycerin mono 12-hydroxystearate, and ethylene glycol mono 12-hydroxyl.
- Stearate is a suitable material. Effect of preventing paper wrapping in oilless fixing and film It has an anti-aging effect.
- glycerin fatty acid ester examples include glycerin monostearate, glycerin tristearate, glycerin stearate, glycerin monopalmitate, glycerin tripalmitate, and the like. It has the effect of alleviating the cold offset property at low temperatures in oilless fixing and the effect of preventing the transferability from lowering.
- glycol fatty acid esters examples include propylene glycol fatty acid esters such as propylene glycol monopalmitate and propylene glycol monostearate, and ethylene glycol fatty acid esters such as ethylene glycol monostearate and ethylene glycol monostearate. It is a suitable material. In addition to oil-less fixability, it has the effect of improving slippage during development and preventing carrier vents.
- sorbitan fatty acid ester As the sorbitan fatty acid ester, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tripalmitate, and sorbitan tristearate are suitable materials. Further, materials such as stearic acid esters of pentaerythritol and mixed esters of adipic acid and stearic acid or oleic acid can be used alone or in combination of two or more. It has the effect of preventing paper wrapping and filming in oilless fixing.
- Plexes such as low molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene, noraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax and the like can also be used.
- waxes having a high melting point such as polyethylene, polypropylene, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, and polyhydric alcohols such as hydroxystearic acid derivatives, glycerin fatty acid esters, glycol fatty acid esters, and sorbitan fatty acid esters. It is preferable to use a mixture of a wax having a lower melting point than the above-mentioned wax such as a fatty acid ester.
- the mixing ratio of polyethylene, polypropylene, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropx wax, etc. is 50 wt% or more, the resin and wax are mixed and dispersed. The formation of the second particles formed by the above can be promoted, and the generation of 50% by number or more can be achieved.
- a wax composed of polyethylene, polypropylene, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, or the like, and having an iodine value of 25 or less and a saponification value of 30 to 300, which has a lower melting point than the above-mentioned wax, is used.
- a configuration in which a wax is used in combination is also preferable.
- a wax such as a hydroxystearic acid derivative, a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester such as a glycerin fatty acid ester, a glycol fatty acid ester, or a sorbitan fatty acid ester, an iodine value having a melting point lower than these waxes of 25 or less, and a saponification value It is preferable to use a mixture of waxes having a composition of 30-300.
- the mixing ratio is reduced.
- the formation of the second particles formed in a state where the wax is mixed and dispersed can be promoted, and the generation of 50% by number or more is possible.
- a wax having an iodine value of 25 or less and a saponification value of 30 to 300 a wax having an iodine value of 25 or less and a saponification value of 30 to 300, a long-chain alkyl alcohol having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof, and an unsaturated carbonic acid.
- a configuration in which a wax obtained by reaction with a hydrogen-based wax is used in combination.
- the compounding ratio of the wax that also has the unsaturated hydrocarbon wax power to 5 Owt% or more, the formation of the second particles formed in a state where the resin and the wax are mixed and dispersed can be promoted. , 50% or more can be generated.
- the resin fine particles of the toner of the present embodiment include, for example, a thermoplastic binder resin.
- Ingredient Physically styrenes such as styrene, lactostyrene, and ⁇ -methylstyrene; acrylic monomers such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, ⁇ -propyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate Methacrylate monomers such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, ⁇ -propyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate; Styrene unsaturated acid monomers; vinyl nitriles such as acrylonitrile and metal-tolyl; and vinyl ethers such as butyl methyl ether and butyl isobutyl ether; butyl methyl ketone, butyl ethyl ketone, and but but
- -Biketones such as ketones; ethylene, propylene Homopolymers such as monomers such as olefins such as butene and butadiene; copolymers obtained by combining two or more of these monomers; or mixtures thereof; furthermore, epoxy resins, polyester resins, Non-Bull condensation resin such as polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, cellulose resin, polyether resin, etc., or a mixture thereof with the above-mentioned vinyl resin, or a vinyl monomer in the presence of these. And a graft polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymer.
- bull resin is particularly preferred.
- bullet resin it is advantageous in that a resin particle dispersion can be easily prepared by emulsion polymerization or seed polymerization using an ionic surfactant or the like.
- the bullet-based monomer include a bullet-based polymer acid and a bullet-based polymer such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, cinnamic acid, fumaric acid, vulsulfonic acid, ethyleneimine, vulpyridine, and vulamine.
- the monomer include a base material.
- the resin particles contain the above-mentioned vinyl monomer as a monomer component.
- vinyl polymer acids are more preferred in view of easiness of the formation reaction of the vinyl resin.
- acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and maleic acid are preferred.
- dissociable vinyl monomers having a carboxyl group as a dissociating group such as citric acid and fumaric acid, are particularly preferred in terms of controlling the degree of polymerization and the glass transition point.
- the content of the resin particles in the resin particle dispersion is usually 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight. ⁇
- the molecular weights of fats, waxes and toners are determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using several monodisperse polystyrene standards. This is the value measured for
- the instrument was an HPLC8120 series manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, the column was TSKgel superHM-H H400 / H3000 / H2000 (7.8 mm diameter, 150 mm x 3), eluent THF (tetrahydrofuran), flow rate 0.6 mlZmin, sample Concentration: 0.1%, injection volume: 20 L, detector: RI, measurement temperature: 40 ° C.
- the sample was dissolved in THF and filtered through a 0.45 m filter to remove additives such as silica. Measure the fat component.
- the measurement conditions are conditions in which the molecular weight distribution of the target sample is included within a range in which the logarithm of molecular weight and the number of counts are linear in a calibration curve obtained from several types of monodisperse polystyrene standard samples.
- the measurement conditions are conditions in which the molecular weight distribution of the target sample falls within a range in which the logarithm of the molecular weight and the count number are linear in a calibration curve obtained from several kinds of monodisperse polystyrene standard samples.
- the glass transition point of the resin was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (Shimadzu DSC-50) at 100 ° C, left at that temperature for 3 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 10 ° CZmin.
- the maximum distance between the extension of the baseline below the glass transition point and the rising partial force of the peak is measured. It refers to the temperature at the intersection with the tangent that indicates the slope.
- the melting point of the endothermic peak of the wax by DSC was determined by using a differential scanning calorimeter (Shimadzu DSC-50) at 5 ° CZmin, raising the temperature to 200 ° C, keeping the temperature for 5 minutes, quenching to 10 ° C, After standing for 15 minutes, the temperature was raised at 5 ° CZmin, and determined from the endothermic (melting) peak.
- the amount of sample to be injected into the cell was 2 mg of lOmg.
- the charge control agent is preferably an acrylic sulfonic acid-based polymer, such as a vinyl copolymer of a styrene-based monomer and an acrylic acid-based monomer having a sulfonic acid group as a polar group.
- a copolymer with acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid can exhibit preferable characteristics.
- a metal salt of a salicylic acid derivative is used as a preferable material.
- the addition amount is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin.
- the content is more preferably 0.1 to 12 parts by weight, and even more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 0.1 part by weight, the charging effect is lost. If it exceeds 5 parts, the dispersion will not be uniform. Color turbidity in the color image becomes noticeable.
- the colorant used in the present embodiment includes carbon black, iron black, graphite, nigguchi, metal complexes of azo dyes, CI pigment 'Yellow 1, 3, 74, 97, Acetacetate arylamide monoazo yellow pigments such as 98, CI Pigment 'Yellow 12, 13, 1, 4, 17 etc., etc. Particularly preferred are the CI Pigment Yellow 93, 180, 185 benzimidazolone pigments. [0133] CI pigment red 48, 49: 1, 53: 1, 57, 57: 1, 81, 122, 5, etc. red pigment, CI solvent. Red 49, 52, 58, 8, etc. red dye, CI One or more blue dyes of phthalocyanine and its derivatives such as Pigment Blue 15: 3 are blended. The addition amount is preferably 3 to 8 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- the median diameter of each particle is usually 1 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 0.01-1 ⁇ m.
- the median diameter exceeds 1 ⁇ m, the particle size distribution of the finally obtained toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is widened, or free particles are generated, and the performance and reliability are easily lowered.
- the median diameter is within the above range, there is no disadvantage, the uneven distribution between toners is reduced, the dispersion in the toner is improved, and the performance and reliability are reduced.
- the median diameter can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (LA 920) manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
- the external additive fine powder of metal oxide such as silica, alumina, titanium oxide, zirconia, magnesium, ferrite, and magnetite, and titanium such as barium titanate, calcium titanate, and strontium titanate are used. And zirconates such as barium zirconate, calcium zirconate and strontium zirconate, or mixtures thereof.
- the external additive is subjected to a hydrophobic treatment as required.
- silicone oil-based material to be treated with the silica those shown in (I-Dai 1) are preferable.
- R 2 represents an alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents an alkyl, a halogen-modified alkyl, a phenyl, a modified silicone oil such as a modified phenyl,
- R 1 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and m and ⁇ each represent an integer of 1 to 100.
- dimethyl silicone oil methyl hydrogen silicone oil, methylphenol silicone oil, cyclic dimethyl silicone oil, epoxy-modified silicone oil, carboxyl-modified silicone oil, carbinol-modified silicone oil, methacryl-modified silicone oil, mercapto-modified silicone oil
- SH200, SH510, SF230, SH203, BY16-823, BY16-855B, etc. manufactured by Toray Dow Silicone Co., Ltd.
- a method of mixing inorganic fine powder and a material such as silicone oil with a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a method of spraying a silicone oil material onto silica, or a method of dissolving or dispersing a silicone oil material in a solvent After that, there is a method of mixing with the silica fine powder and then removing the solvent to prepare. It is preferable that the silicone oil-based material is blended in an amount of 120 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the inorganic fine powder.
- silane coupling agent examples include dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, aryldimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, arylphenyldichlorosilane, benzylmethylchlorosilane, and vinyltriethoxysilane. , ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, divinylchlorosilane, dimethylvinylchlorosilane and the like.
- the fine powder is clouded by stirring or the like. This is performed by a dry process in which a vaporized silane coupling agent is reacted with the dried product, or a wet process in which a silane coupling agent in which fine powder is dispersed in a solvent is dropped.
- the inorganic fine powder having positive electrode chargeability is treated with aminosilane, an amino-modified silicone oil represented by the following chemical formula (2), or an epoxy-modified silicone oil.
- R 1 is R 6 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group
- R 2 is an alkylene group
- f ⁇ -dylene group
- R 3 is a compound having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring in its structure
- R 4 and R 5 represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group.
- n and I are positive integers including 0.
- fatty acids and fatty acid metal salts include capric prillic acid, capric acid, pendecylic acid, lauric acid, mystyric acid, parimitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, montanic acid, rataceric acid, oleic acid, and erlic acid. Sorbic acid, linoleic acid and the like. Among them, a fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the metals constituting the fatty acid metal salts include aluminum, zinc, calcium, and magnesium. Nesium, lithium, sodium, lead and norm are mentioned, and among them, aluminum, zinc and sodium are preferable. Particularly preferred is aluminum distearate (Al (OH) (CH CO
- Aluminum and aluminum monofatty acid are preferred. Having an OH group can prevent overcharging and suppress poor transfer. It is also considered that the processability with inorganic fine powder such as silica during the treatment is improved.
- the latent image can be reproduced more faithfully.
- the transfer can be performed without deteriorating the transfer rate of the toner particles at the time of transfer.
- retransfer can be prevented even in tandem transfer, and the occurrence of voids can be suppressed.
- high image density can be obtained even if the amount of current is reduced.
- the use in combination with the carrier described later can further improve the resistance to venting, improve the handling in the developing device, and increase the uniformity of the toner concentration. Further, generation of development memory can be suppressed.
- an inorganic fine powder having an average particle diameter of 6 nm to 200 nm is externally added to 1.0 to 6 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles.
- the average particle diameter is smaller than 6 nm, the floating of the silicon and the filming on the photoreceptor easily occur. The occurrence of reverse transcription during transcription cannot be suppressed. If it is larger than 200 nm, the fluidity of the toner deteriorates. If the amount is less than 1.0 part by weight, the fluidity of the toner will deteriorate. The occurrence of reverse transfer during transfer cannot be suppressed. If the amount is more than 6 parts by weight, silica floating and filming on the photoreceptor are likely to occur. High-temperature offset property is deteriorated.
- an inorganic fine powder having an average particle diameter of 6 nm to 20 nm per 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles, and an inorganic fine powder having an average particle diameter of 20 nm to 200 nm were added to the toner base. It is preferable that at least 0.5-3.5 parts by weight of the particles be externally added to 100 parts by weight of the particles.
- the ignition loss of the inorganic fine powder having an average particle diameter of 20 nm to 20 nm is 1.5 to 25 wt%, and the ignition loss of the inorganic fine powder having an average particle diameter of 20 nm to 200 nm is 0.5 to 23 wt%.
- the loss on ignition of silica By specifying the loss on ignition of silica, more margin can be obtained for reverse transfer, dropout, and scattering during transfer.
- the use in combination with the above-described carrier or wax can further improve the spatter resistance, improve the handling in the developing device, and increase the uniformity of the toner concentration. Further, generation of development memory can be suppressed.
- the ignition loss at an average particle diameter of 20 nm to 20 nm is less than 1.5 wt%, the transfer margin for reverse transfer and hollowing out becomes narrow. If the content is more than 25 wt%, the surface treatment becomes uneven, and the charging varies. Preferably, the ignition loss is 1.5-20 wt%, more preferably 5-19 wt%.
- the ignition loss at an average particle size of 20 nm to 200 nm is less than 0.5 wt%, the transfer margin for reverse transfer and hollowing becomes narrow. If it exceeds 23 wt%, the surface treatment will be uneven and charging will vary.
- the ignition loss is 1.5-18 wt%, more preferably 5-16 wt%.
- a positively chargeable inorganic fine powder having an average particle diameter of 6 nm to 200 nm and a loss on ignition of 0.5 to 25 wt% is further added to 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles. It is also preferable to use at least an external processing.
- the effect of adding the positively chargeable inorganic fine powder is to prevent the toner from being overcharged during long-term continuous use and to further extend the life of the developer. Furthermore, the effect of suppressing scattering at the time of transfer due to overcharging can be obtained. In addition, spent on a carrier can be prevented. If the amount is less than 0.5 parts by weight, the effect is difficult to obtain. If the amount is more than 1.5 parts by weight, fogging in development increases.
- the ignition loss is preferably 1.5-20 wt%, more preferably 5-19 wt%.
- Loss on drying (%) Loss on drying (g) Z sample amount (g) X 100
- the ignition loss is measured by taking about lg of a sample in a magnetic crucible previously dried, allowed to cool, and precisely weighed, and precisely weighed.
- Ignite for 2 hours in an electric furnace set at 500 ° C. After cooling for 1 hour in a desiccator, The amount is precisely weighed and calculated by the following formula.
- Loss on ignition (%) Loss on ignition (g) Z sample amount (g) X 100
- the treated inorganic fine powder preferably has an amount of water adsorption of lwt% or less. It is preferably at most 0.5 wt%, more preferably at most 0.1 wt%, even more preferably at most 0.05%. If the content is more than lwt%, the chargeability is reduced, and filming on the photoconductor at the time of durability is caused.
- the water adsorption amount was measured with a continuous vapor adsorption device (BELSOR P18: Nippon Bell Co., Ltd.).
- the volume average particle diameter of the toner base particles containing at least the binder resin, the colorant and the wax containing the binder resin, the colorant and the wax is 3 to 7 ⁇ m, preferably 3 to 7 ⁇ m. It is 6.5 / ⁇ , more preferably 3 ⁇ 4.5 / zm, and contains 5 to 65% by number of toner base particles having a particle size of 2.52 to 4 m in the number distribution.
- the particle size distribution is such that the toner base particles having a particle size of 6.35 to 10.1 m in the distribution are contained at 5 to 35% by volume.
- the coefficient of variation in the volume average particle size is 25 or less.
- the content of the toner base particles having a particle size of 2.52-4 m in the number distribution is 15-65 number%, and the particle size of 6.35-10 in the volume distribution is Lm.
- the particle size distribution is such that 5 to 25% by volume of toner base particles having The coefficient of variation in the volume average particle size is 20 or less.
- the content of the toner base particles having a particle size of 2.52 to 4 m in the number distribution is 25 to 65% by number, and the particle size of 6.35 to 10. in the volume distribution is Lm.
- the particle size distribution is such that 5-15% by volume of the toner base particles having The coefficient of variation in the volume average particle size is 18 or less.
- volume average particle diameter When the volume average particle diameter is larger than 7 m, it is impossible to achieve both image quality and transfer. If the volume average particle diameter is smaller than S3 m, it becomes difficult to handle the toner particles easily during development. If the content of the parent toner particles having a particle size of 2.52-4 m in the number distribution is less than 5% by number, it is not possible to achieve both image quality and transfer. If the content is more than 65% by number, the hand rigging of the mother toner particles in development becomes difficult. 6. 35—10: When the toner base particles having a particle size of m are more than 35% by volume, it is impossible to achieve both image quality and transfer. If the content is less than 5% by volume, the productivity of toner decreases and the cost increases.
- the coefficient of variation of the volume particle size distribution of the toner base particles is preferably 10 to 25%, and the coefficient of variation of the number particle size distribution is preferably 10 to 28%. More preferably, the coefficient of variation of the volume particle size distribution is 10-20%, the coefficient of variation of the number particle size distribution is 10-23%, more preferably, the coefficient of variation of the volume particle size distribution is 10-15%, The coefficient of variation of the number particle size distribution is 10-18%.
- the variation coefficient is a value obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the toner particle diameter by the average particle diameter. It is based on the particle size measured using a Coulter Counter (Coulter).
- the standard deviation is expressed as the square root of the square of the difference from the average value of each measured value when measuring n particle systems divided by (n-1).
- the coefficient of variation represents the degree of spread of the particle size distribution, and if the coefficient of variation of the volume particle size distribution is less than 10% or the coefficient of variation of the number particle size distribution is less than 10%, the variation in productivity will increase. It is difficult and causes cost increase. If the coefficient of variation of the volume particle size distribution is greater than 25% or the coefficient of variation of the number particle size distribution is greater than 28%, when the particle size distribution becomes broader, the cohesiveness of the toner becomes stronger and the film on the photoreceptor is filled. It is difficult to recover residual toner in the process of cleaning, poor transfer, and cleaner-less process.
- Fine powder in the toner affects the fluidity, image quality, storage stability of the toner, filming on a photoreceptor, a developing roller, and a transfer member, aging characteristics, and transferability, particularly multi-layer transferability in a tandem system. Furthermore, it affects non-offset properties, glossiness, and light transmission in oilless fixing.
- the amount of fine powder has an influence on the compatibility of tandem transferability with a toner containing wax such as wax for realizing oilless fixing.
- the amount of fine powder is excessive, that is, when the content of the toner base particles having a particle size of 2.52 to 4 ⁇ m is more than 5% by number, filming on the photoconductor, the developing roller, and the transfer body may occur. appear.
- the fine powder has a high adhesiveness to the heat roller, and thus tends to be offset. Further, in the tandem method, toner aggregation becomes strong, and transfer failure of the second color easily occurs at the time of multi-layer transfer. Conversely, when the amount of fine powder is reduced, the image quality is reduced, and an appropriate range is required.
- the particle size distribution is measured using a Coulter Counter TA-II type (Coulter Counter Co., Ltd.) and connected to an interface (manufactured by Nikkaki) that outputs the number distribution and volume distribution and a personal computer.
- the electrolyte is a surfactant (sodium lauryl sulfate) added to a concentration of 1%. To about 50 ml, add about 2 mg of the toner to be measured. The electrolyte in which the sample is suspended is dispersed by an ultrasonic disperser for about 3 minutes. After the treatment, a 70 ⁇ m aperture was used with a Coulter Counter TA-II.
- the particle size distribution measurement range is 1.26 m-50.8 m. Force in the area less than 2.0 m has low measurement accuracy and measurement reproducibility due to external noise. , Because not practical,. Therefore, the measurement area was set to 2. O / z m-50.
- the degree of compression is calculated from the static bulk density and the dynamic bulk density, and is one of the indices of toner fluidity.
- the fluidity of the toner is affected by the particle size distribution of the toner, the shape of the toner particles, the type and amount of external additives and wax.
- the degree of compression is preferably 5 to 40%. More preferably, it is 10-30%.
- a carrier having a coated resin layer made of a fluorine-modified silicone resin containing an aminosilane coupling agent as a carrier core material is preferably used.
- the carrier core material include an iron powder-based carrier core material, a ferrite-based carrier core material, a magnetite-based carrier core material, and a resin-dispersed carrier core material in which a magnetic substance is dispersed in resin.
- fly-based carrier core material is generally represented by the following formula.
- M contains at least one selected from Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, Li, Ti, Ni, Sn, Sr, Al, Ba, Co, and Mo.
- Ferrite carrier core material is mainly composed of Fe 2 O, and M is Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca
- Li, Ti, Ni, Sn, Sr, Al, Ba, Co, Mo and the like are mixed and used as raw materials.
- the method for producing a flour-based carrier core material first, an appropriate amount of the above-mentioned raw materials such as the above-mentioned oxidized products is mixed, pulverized and mixed in a wet ball mill for 10 hours, and dried at 950 ° C. And hold for 4 hours. This is ground in a wet ball mill for 24 hours, and polyvinyl alcohol, an antifoaming agent, a dispersant, etc. are added as a binder, and a slurry having a raw material particle diameter of 5 m or less is prepared. The slurry is granulated and dried to obtain a granulated product, which is maintained at 1300 ° C for 6 hours while controlling the oxygen concentration, pulverized, and further classified into a desired particle size distribution.
- the above-mentioned raw materials such as the above-mentioned oxidized products is mixed, pulverized and mixed in a wet ball mill for 10 hours, and dried at 950 ° C. And hold for 4
- a fluorine-modified silicone resin is essential.
- a crosslinkable fluorine-modified silicone resin that can obtain a reaction force between an organic silicon compound containing a perfluoroalkyl group and a polyorganosiloxane is preferable.
- the mixing ratio of the polyorganosiloxane and the perfluoroalkyl group-containing organic silicon compound is such that the perfluoroalkyl group-containing organic silicon compound is at least 3 parts by weight and at most 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyorganosiloxane.
- the perfluoroalkyl group-containing organic silicon compound is at least 3 parts by weight and at most 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyorganosiloxane.
- the polyorganosiloxane preferably shows at least one repeating unit selected from the following (Chemical Formula 3) and (Chemical Formula 4)! /. [0187] [Formula 3]
- RR 2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a methoxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group,
- R 3 and R 4 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m is an average degree of polymerization and a positive integer
- RR 2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a methoxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group,
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is an average degree of polymerization and a positive integer (preferably 2 or more and 500 or less, more preferably 5 or more and 20 or less). 0 or less). )
- perfluoroalkyl group-containing organosilicon compounds examples include CF CH CH Si (OCH
- an aminosilane coupling agent is contained in the coating resin layer.
- This Known aminosilane coupling agents include, for example, ⁇ - (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ — (2-aminoethyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, octadecylmethyl [3 — (Trimethoxysilyl) propyl] Ammo-dimethyl chloride (SH6020, SZ6023, AY43-021: both from Toray Dow Co., Ltd.
- KBM602, KBM603, KBE903, KBM573 from Shin-Etsu Silicone
- primary amines are preferred. Secondary or tertiary amines substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, etc. have little effect on the charge-up characteristics with a toner having a weak polarity.
- the partial force of the amino group is aminomethyl, aminoethyl, or aminophenol
- the most advanced silane coupling agent is primary amine, but the amino group in the linear organic group extending from the silane is primary. Does not contribute to the charge rise characteristics of the toner, and is adversely affected by moisture when the humidity is high. And eventually have a shorter life.
- the toner can be provided with negative chargeability while maintaining a sharp charge amount distribution, and can be supplied.
- the toner thus obtained has a quick charge rising property and can reduce toner consumption.
- the aminosilane coupling agent exhibits an effect similar to a cross-linking agent, improves the degree of cross-linking of the fluorine-modified silicone resin layer, which is the base resin, further improves the film resin hardness, and abrasion and peeling over long-term use Etc. can be reduced, the anti-sventing property can be improved, the decrease in the charging ability can be suppressed, the charging can be stabilized, and the durability can be improved.
- a toner to which a low-melting-point wax is added in a certain amount or more has a substantially unstable surface, and thus has a slightly unstable charging property.
- the charging property is weak and the charging rise property is slow, and the uniformity of the capri and solid images is reduced.
- the aminosilane coupling agent is preferably used in an amount of 5 to 40% by weight with respect to the resin. Or 10-30% by weight. If the amount is less than 5% by weight, the effect of the aminosilane coupling agent is not sufficient. If the amount exceeds 40% by weight, the degree of crosslinking of the resin coating layer becomes too high, which tends to cause a charge-up phenomenon, and causes image defects such as insufficient developability. It may cause the occurrence.
- the resin coating layer may contain conductive fine particles.
- the conductive fine particles include powdery surfaces of oil furnace carbon, carbon black such as acetylene black, semiconductive oxides such as titanium oxide and zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, aluminum borate, and potassium titanate. Coated with tin oxide / carbon black, metal, etc., whose specific resistance is preferably 10 1 (> ⁇ 'cm or less.
- the content is 11 to 15% by weight. If the content of the conductive fine particles in the resin coating layer is a certain level, the effect of improving the hardness of the resin coating layer by the filler effect exceeds 15% by weight.
- the excess content of the conductive fine particles in the full-color developer may cause the transfer and fixation on the paper surface. This may cause color stains on the toner.
- the average particle size of the carrier used in the present invention is preferably from 20 to 70 ⁇ m!
- the average particle size of the carrier is less than 1, the abundance of the fine particles in the distribution of the carrier particles becomes high, and the carrier particles are less likely to be developed on the photoreceptor because the magnetic flux per carrier particle is low. Become.
- the average particle size of the carrier exceeds 70 m, the specific surface area of the carrier particles becomes small, and the toner holding force is weakened, so that toner scattering occurs.
- the reproduction of solid portions is particularly poor and not preferable!
- the method of forming the coating layer on the carrier core material is not particularly limited.
- a known coating method may be used.
- a dipping method in which a powder as the carrier core material is immersed in a coating layer forming solution, a coating layer Spray method for spraying the forming solution onto the surface of the carrier core material, fluidized bed method for spraying the coating layer forming solution in a state where the carrier core material is suspended by flowing air, and carrier core material and coating in a kneader coater Mix the layer forming solution and remove the solvent-In addition to the wet coating method such as the Der Coater method, the powdered resin and the carrier core material are mixed at a high speed and the friction heat is used to obtain the resin.
- a dry coating method of fusing and coating the powder on the surface of the carrier core material may be used, and any of them can be applied.
- a wet coating method is particularly preferably used.
- the solvent used for the coating solution for forming the coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the coating resin, and may be selected so as to be compatible with the coating resin used.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, ketones such as acetone and methylethylketone, and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane can be used.
- the resin coating amount is preferably 0.2 to 6.0% by weight based on the carrier core material, and more preferably 0.2 to 6.0% by weight.
- the content is 5 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 0.6 to 4.0% by weight, and 0.7 to 3% by weight.
- the coating amount of the resin is less than 0.2% by weight, it is not possible to form a uniform coating on the carrier surface, and the characteristics of the carrier core material are greatly affected. The effect of the aminosilane coupling agent cannot be sufficiently exerted. If it exceeds 6.0% by weight, the coating layer becomes too thick, and granulation of carrier particles occurs, so that uniform carrier particles tend not to be obtained.
- baking treatment is preferably performed.
- a means for performing the baking treatment there is no particular limitation on either an external heating method or an internal heating method.
- the temperature of the baking treatment it is preferable to perform the treatment at a high temperature of 200 to 350 ° C in order to efficiently exhibit the effect of the fluorine silicon, which improves the spent resistance of the resin coating layer. More preferably, it is 220-280 ° C.
- the processing time is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 hours. If the processing temperature is low, the hardness of the coating resin itself decreases. If the processing temperature is too high, a reduction in charge occurs.
- the frequency is 3.5-8 kHz
- the AC bias is 1-2-2.
- the peripheral speed ratio between the photosensitive member and the developing roller is 1: 1.5-1: 1.8.
- the frequency is 5.5-7kHz
- the AC bias is 1.5-2.
- the peripheral speed ratio between the photosensitive member and the developing roller is 1: 1.6- 1: 1.8.
- the dots can be faithfully reproduced and the development ⁇ characteristics can be provided. Both high-quality images and oil-less fixability can be achieved. In addition, charge-up under low humidity can be prevented even with a high-resistance carrier, and a high image density can be obtained even in continuous use.
- a plurality of toner image forming stations including a photoconductor, a charging unit and a toner carrier are provided, and an electrostatic image formed on the image carrier is provided.
- a primary transfer process of transferring the toner image obtained by visualizing the latent image onto the transfer member by bringing an endless transfer member into contact with the image carrier is sequentially executed, and the toner image is transferred to the transfer member.
- a secondary transfer process is performed in which a layered toner image is formed, and then the multi-layered toner image formed on the transfer body is collectively transferred to a transfer medium such as paper or OHP.
- the distance to the first primary transfer position force is dl (mm) and the peripheral speed of the photoconductor is ⁇ v (mmZs), dl / v ⁇ 0.
- the size of the machine is reduced and the printing speed is compatible.
- a configuration in which the above value is 0.65 or less is considered the minimum.
- the time until the primary transfer of the next magenta toner of the second color is extremely short. Almost no charge relaxation of the transfer body or charge transfer of the transferred toner occurs, and when transferring magenta toner onto yellow toner, the magenta toner is repelled by the charge action of the yellow toner, and the transfer efficiency decreases. The problem of missing characters during transfer occurs. Further, at the time of the primary transfer of the cyan toner of the third color, when the toner is transferred onto the previous yellow or magenta toner, scattering of the cyan toner, transfer failure, and omission during transfer are remarkable.
- the toner of a specific particle size is selectively formed, and if the fluidity of each toner particle is significantly different, the chances of frictional charging are different, resulting in a variation in the amount of charge and a higher transferability. It causes deterioration.
- the charge distribution can be stabilized, the overcharge of the toner can be suppressed, and the fluidity fluctuation can be suppressed. For this reason, it is possible to prevent a decrease in transfer efficiency without sacrificing the fixing property, a dropout of characters at the time of transfer, and a reverse transfer.
- the present invention is suitably used for an electrophotographic apparatus having a fixing process of an oilless fixing configuration in which oil is not used for fixing toner.
- the heating means electromagnetic induction heating is preferred and configured from the viewpoint of shortening the warm-up time and saving energy.
- a rotary heating member having at least a magnetic field generating means, a heat generating layer and a release layer generated by electromagnetic induction, and at least a rotary pressing member forming a fixed gap with the rotary heating member.
- the toner is This is a configuration in which a transfer medium such as copy paper on which the image is transferred is passed and fixed.
- the warm-up time of the rotating heating member is much faster than when a conventional halogen lamp is used. Therefore, since the temperature of the rotary pressing member is sufficiently raised and the copying operation is started in a state, low-temperature fixing and wide-range offset resistance are required.
- a configuration using a fixing belt in which a heating member and a fixing member are separated is also preferably used.
- a heat-resistant belt such as a nickel electrode belt or a polyimide belt having heat resistance and flexibility is preferably used.
- the surface layer is made of silicone rubber, fluoro rubber or fluoro resin.
- release oil has been applied to prevent offset.
- the need for applying a release oil is eliminated by using a toner having a release property without using oil.
- the release oil is not applied, the toner image becomes charged or immediately unfixed, and if the unfixed toner image approaches the heating member or the fixing member, the toner may fly due to the influence of the charging. It is particularly likely to occur under low temperature and low humidity.
- the toner of the present embodiment low-temperature fixing and wide-range offset resistance can be realized without using oil, and high color translucency can be obtained. Further, it is possible to suppress the overcharging property of the toner and to prevent the toner from flying due to the charging action with the heating member or the fixing member.
- the mixture was pulverized for 10 hours with a 0.8 mol% wet ball mill in terms of SrO, mixed, dried, and then kept at 950 ° C. for 4 hours to perform calcination.
- crush, further classify and average A core material of ferrite particles having a saturation magnetization of 65 emuZg at a particle size of 50 ⁇ m and an applied magnetic field of 3000 eersted was obtained.
- a silicone silicone resin was obtained. Further, 100 g of the fluorine-modified silicone resin in terms of solid content and 10 g of an aminosilane coupling agent ( ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane) were weighed and dissolved in 30 Occ of a toluene solvent.
- an aminosilane coupling agent ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane
- R 1 R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are methyl groups, and m is the average degree of polymerization and is 100.
- RR 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are methyl groups, and m is the average degree of polymerization and is 80.
- Coating was performed on 10 kg of the ferrite particles by stirring the coated resin solution for 20 minutes using an immersion drying type coating apparatus. Thereafter, baking was performed at 260 ° C for 1 hour to obtain a carrier A1.
- a core material was manufactured in the same process as in 1, and coated to obtain a carrier A2.
- a core material was manufactured in the same process as in Production Example 1, except that conductive carbon (EC manufactured by Ketjen Black International) was dispersed in a pearl mill at 5 wt% with respect to the resin solid content, and coating was performed. I got a career A3.
- conductive carbon EC manufactured by Ketjen Black International
- a core material was produced and coated in the same manner as in Production Example 3, except that the amount of the aminosilane coupling agent was changed to 30 g, followed by coating to obtain Carrier A4.
- a core material was produced and coated in the same manner as in Production Example 3, except that the amount of the aminosilane coupling agent added was changed to 50 g, followed by coating to obtain a carrier bl.
- the coated resin was weighed by weighing 100 g of straight silicone (SR-2411 manufactured by Toray Dow Co., Ltd.) in terms of solid content, and dissolved in 300 cc of a toluene solvent.
- Coating was performed on 10 kg of the ferrite particles by stirring the above coating resin solution for 20 minutes using an immersion drying type coating apparatus. Thereafter, baking was performed at 210 ° C for 1 hour to obtain a carrier b2.
- the coated resin was weighed as lOOg of a perfluorooctylethyl atalylate Z-methacrylate copolymer in terms of solid content, and dissolved in 300 cc of a toluene solvent.
- Coating was performed on 10 kg of the ferrite particles by stirring the above coating resin solution for 20 minutes using an immersion drying type coating apparatus. After that, baking was performed at 200 ° C for 1 hour to obtain carrier b3.
- the coating resin 100 g of acrylic-modified silicone resin (KR-9706 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was weighed by solid content conversion, and dissolved in 300 cc of a toluene solvent.
- Coating was performed on 10 kg of the ferrite particles by stirring the above coating resin solution for 20 minutes using an immersion drying type coating apparatus. Thereafter, baking was performed at 210 ° C for 1 hour to obtain a carrier b4.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the resins used.
- Mn is the number average molecular weight
- Mw is the weight average molecular weight
- Mz is the Z average molecular weight
- Mp is the peak molecular weight
- Tm (° C) is the softening point
- Tg (° C) is the glass transition point.
- Styrene, n-butyl acrylate, and acrylic acid show the amount (g).
- Mn Mw Mz WrtF Wz Mp Tg Tm Styrene n-butyl acrylate
- a monomer solution consisting of 96 g of styrene, 24 g of n-butyl acrylate, and 3.6 g of acrylic acid was added to 200 g of ion-exchanged water in an aionic surfactant (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku; Neogen RK ) 3 g, dodecanethiol 6 g, carbon tetrabromide 1.2 g, dispersed in the mixture, and calcined with persulfuric acid lithium 1.2 g.
- a resin particle dispersion RL1 was prepared in which 33900, Mw force 0900, Mz force ⁇ 37800, Mp force S8100, Tm force, Tg force and neutral force 0 were dispersed.
- a monomer solution consisting of 204 g of styrene, 36 g of n-butyl acrylate, and 3.6 g of acrylic acid was added to 400 g of ion-exchanged water in an aionic surfactant (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd .: Neogen RK 6g, 6g of dodecanethiol, 1.2g of carbon tetrabromide, dispersed in 1.2g of potassium persulfate, and fogged at 70 ° C for 5 hours to conduct polymerization.
- an aionic surfactant manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd .: Neogen RK 6g, 6g of dodecanethiol, 1.2g of carbon tetrabromide, dispersed in 1.2g of potassium persulfate, and fogged at 70 ° C for 5 hours to conduct polymerization.
- a monomer solution consisting of 204 g of styrene, 36 g of n-butyl acrylate, and 3.6 g of acrylic acid was placed in 400 g of ion-exchanged water in an ion-exchanged surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd .: Neogen RK 6 g, 12 g of dodecanethiol, and 2.4 g of carbon tetrabromide, and 1.2 g of potassium persulfate was added thereto.
- a resin particle dispersion RL3 in which luster particles having a particle diameter of 2600, Mw force of 8300, Mz force of 96200, Mp force of 2700, Tm force and Tg force of 45 °, and neutral force of 0.18 ⁇ m were dispersed was prepared.
- a monomer solution comprising 102 g of styrene, 18 g of n-butyl acrylate, and 1.8 g of acrylic acid was added to 200 g of ion-exchanged water in an aionic surfactant (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd .: Neogen RK 3g, dodecanethiol 0g, and carbon tetrabromide Og were dispersed, and 1.2 g of persulfuric acid was added thereto.
- an aionic surfactant manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd .: Neogen RK 3g, dodecanethiol 0g, and carbon tetrabromide Og were dispersed, and 1.2 g of persulfuric acid was added thereto.
- Table 2 shows the pigments used.
- a mixture of 20 g of yellow pigment (Y180 manufactured by Clariant), 2 g of ionic surfactant (Neogen R manufactured by Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and 78 g of ion-exchanged water was mixed with an ultrasonic dispersing machine. Dispersion was performed at 30 kHz for 20 minutes to prepare a colorant particle dispersion PY1 in which colorant particles having a median diameter of 0.12 m were dispersed.
- Table 3 Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6 show the properties of the waxes used.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the stirring and dispersing apparatus
- Fig. 4 shows a view seen from above.
- 801 is an outer tank, into which cooling water is injected from 808 and discharged from 807.
- Reference numeral 802 denotes a weir plate for stopping the liquid to be treated, which has a hole at the center, and the treated liquid is also taken out to the outside sequentially through 805.
- 803 is a rotating body that rotates at high speed and is fixed to the shaft 806, and can rotate at high speed. A hole of about 5 to 5 mm is drilled on the side of the rotating body to enable the movement of the liquid to be treated.
- the tank is 120 ml, and the liquid to be treated is about half of that.
- the speed of the rotating body was rotated at 50 mZs.
- the diameter of the rotating body is 52mm and the inner diameter of the tank is 56mm.
- Reference numeral 804 denotes a material injection port in the case of continuous processing. Sealed when batch type
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the stirring and dispersing device
- FIG. 850 is a raw material input port
- 852 is a fixed body and has a floating structure. It is pressed by the spring of 851 and forms a narrow gap of about 1 ⁇ m to 10 m by the high-speed rotation force of the rotating body 853 and the pushing force.
- 854 is a shaft connected to a motor (not shown).
- the raw material which has been supplied with 850 forces, receives strong and shearing force in the gap between the fixed body and the rotating body, and is dispersed into fine particles in the liquid.
- the treated raw material liquid is discharged from 856.
- Figure 6 shows the top view.
- the discharged raw material liquid 855 is radiated and collected in a sealed container.
- the outer diameter of the rotating body is 100 mm.
- the raw material liquid is preliminarily dispersed with a wax and a surfactant in a heated aqueous medium, and the raw material liquid is supplied through an input port 850, and is instantaneously subjected to a fine processing.
- the feed rate was lkgZ hours and the speed of the rotating body was 100mZs.
- Table 7 shows the composition of the created toner.
- the number in parentheses in the wax dispersion indicates the blending percentage of the two kinds of wax dispersions.
- the pH value is 8-12 in combination with the wax of the present invention. More preferably, the pH value is 9-12. More preferably, the pH value is 11-12.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, 43 g of a 20 wt% concentration of the resin particle dispersion RH4 for shell was added, and 43 g of a 30% concentration of magnesium sulfate aqueous solution was added. Then, the mixture was heated at a water temperature of 90 ° C for 0.5 hours, and further heated at a temperature of 90 ° C for 2 hours. Thereafter, 1NHC1 was added to adjust the pH to 5.0, and the mixture was heated at 90 ° C. for 5 hours. After cooling, the reaction product (toner mother) was filtered, and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner matrix was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours with a fluidized drier to obtain a toner matrix 2 having a volume average particle size of 5.4 ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 20.4.
- the volume average particle size was 3.6 / ⁇ , the coefficient of variation was 15.6, and the particle size distribution was sharper than that of Ml. At this time, the proportion of the second particles was 82% by number.
- the obtained particle dispersion was charged with IN NaOH to adjust the pH to 10.5, and then to a 30% concentration.
- 200 g of an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate was added and stirred for 10 min. Thereafter, the temperature was raised from 22 ° C to 74 ° C at a rate of 5 ° CZmin, and then heated at 74 ° C for 2 hours. After that, 1NHC1 was added, the pH was adjusted to 5.8, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C, and the mixture was treated for 2 hours to obtain aggregated and associated particles having a volume average particle size of 4.1 ⁇ m and a variation coefficient of 14.1. Was. At this time, the percentage of the second particles was about 80%.
- the water temperature was adjusted to 60 ° C, the pH was adjusted to 8.3, 43 g of a resin particle dispersion RH4 for shell was added, and 43 g of a 30% strength aqueous magnesium sulfate solution was added. Then, the mixture was heated at a water temperature of 75 ° C for 0.5 hours, and further heated at a temperature of 90 ° C for 2 hours. Thereafter, 1NHC1 was added thereto to adjust the pH to 5.0, and the mixture was heated at 95 ° C for 5 hours. After cooling, the reaction product (toner mother) was filtered, and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner matrix was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours with a fluid dryer to obtain a toner matrix M4 having a volume average particle diameter of 5.9 m and a coefficient of variation of 14.5.
- the obtained toner matrix was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours with a fluid drier to obtain a toner matrix M5.
- the volume average particle size was 4.5 / zm, and the coefficient of variation was 14.3.
- the proportion of the second particles was 83% by number.
- the water temperature was adjusted to 60 ° C, the pH was adjusted to 8.0, and the resin particle dispersion liquid R H5 for shell having a concentration of 20 wt% was added with 43 g, and the aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate having a concentration of 30% was added with 43 g of potassium sulfate. did.
- the mixture was heated at a water temperature of 75 ° C for 0.5 hours and further at a temperature of 90 ° C for 3 hours.
- IN HC1 was added to adjust the pH to 5.0, and the mixture was heated at 95 ° C for 2 hours.
- the reaction product toner mother
- the obtained toner matrix was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours using a fluidized drier to obtain a toner matrix M8 having a volume average particle size of 4.8 m and a variation coefficient of 18.9.
- the water temperature was adjusted to 60 ° C, the pH was adjusted to 8.0, and the resin particle dispersion RH5 for shell having a concentration of 20 wt% was added with 43 g, and the aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate having a concentration of 30% was added with 43 g of potassium sulfate. did.
- the mixture was heated at a water temperature of 75 ° C for 0.5 hours and further at a temperature of 90 ° C for 3 hours.
- IN HC1 was added to adjust the pH to 5.0, and the mixture was heated at 95 ° C for 2 hours.
- the reaction product toner mother
- the obtained toner matrix was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours with a fluidized drier to obtain a toner matrix M9 having a volume average particle size of 5.2 m and a variation coefficient of 17.8.
- the water temperature was adjusted to 60 ° C.
- the pH was adjusted to 8.0
- the resin particle dispersion liquid R H5 for shell having a concentration of 20% by weight was added with 43 g
- the aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate having a concentration of 30% was added with 43 g of potassium chloride. did.
- the mixture was heated at a water temperature of 75 ° C for 0.5 hours and further at a temperature of 90 ° C for 3 hours.
- IN HC1 was added to adjust the pH to 5.0, and the mixture was heated at 95 ° C for 2 hours.
- the reaction product toner mother
- the base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours with a fluidized drier to obtain a toner base M10 having a volume average particle diameter of 5.5 m and a coefficient of variation of 16.8.
- the water temperature was adjusted to 60 ° C, the pH was adjusted to 8.0, and the resin particle dispersion RH5 for shell having a concentration of 20% by weight was added with 43 g of sodium chloride. did. Then, the mixture was heated at a water temperature of 75 ° C for 0.5 hours and further at a temperature of 90 ° C for 3 hours. Thereafter, IN HC1 was added to adjust the pH to 5.0, and the mixture was heated at 95 ° C for 2 hours. After cooling, the reaction product (toner mother) was filtered, and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner matrix was dried in a fluidized drier at 40 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a toner matrix having a volume average particle size of 5.9 m and a coefficient of variation of 19.7.
- Table 8 shows the external additives used in this example.
- the charge amount was measured by a blow-off method of triboelectric charging with an uncoated ferrite carrier. Under an environment of 25 ° C and 45% RH, 100g of a carrier and 0.1g of silica etc. are mixed in a 100ml polyethylene container, and the mixture is stirred at a speed of lOOmin- 1 for 5 minutes for 30 minutes, then 0.3g is collected. Then, nitrogen gas was blown with 1.96 ⁇ 10 4 (Pa) for 1 minute.
- the value for 5 minutes is -100 800 ⁇ CZg, and the value for 30 minutes is 50 600 ⁇ C / g.
- Highly charged silica can exhibit its function with a small amount of addition.
- Table 9 shows the toner material composition used in this example. Other black toner, cyan toner, and yellow toner used PB1, PCI, and PY1 as pigments, and the other compositions were the same as the magenta toner composition. [0362] [Table 9]
- the external additive shows the blending amount (parts by weight) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base.
- the external addition treatment was carried out in a FM20B with a stirring blade ZOSO type, a rotation speed of 2,000 min, a treatment time of 5 min, and an input amount of lkg.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of an image forming apparatus for forming a full-color image used in the present embodiment.
- the outer casing of the color electrophotographic printer is omitted.
- the transfer belt unit 17 includes a transfer belt 12, a first color (yellow) transfer roller 10Y made of an elastic material, a second color (magenta) transfer roller 10 ⁇ , a third color (cyan) transfer roller 10C, and a fourth color (cyan) transfer roller 10C.
- the distance from the first color ( ⁇ ) transfer position to the second color (70) transfer position is 70 mm (from the second color (M) transfer position to the third color (C) transfer position, the third color The distance from the (C) transfer position to the fourth color (K) transfer position is the same), and the peripheral speed of the photoconductor is 125 mmZs.
- the transfer belt 12 is used by kneading a conductive filler into an insulating polycarbonate resin and forming a film with an extruder.
- a film obtained by adding 5 parts by weight of conductive carbon (for example, Ketjen black) to 95 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (for example, Iupilon Z300 manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical) as an insulating resin is used.
- the first transfer roller 10 is pressed against the photoconductor 1 with a pressing force of 1.0-9.8 ( ⁇ ) via the transfer belt 12, and the toner on the photoconductor is transferred onto the belt. Is done. If the resistance value is less than 10 2 Omega, easy retransfer occurs. If it is larger than 10 6 ⁇ , transfer failure tends to occur. 1. If it is smaller than ⁇ ( ⁇ ), transfer failure will occur, and if it is larger than 9.8 ( ⁇ ), transfer character omission will occur.
- the second transfer roller 14 is a carbon conductive urethane foam roller having an outer diameter of 10 mm and a resistance value of 10 2 -10 6 ⁇ .
- the second transfer roller 14 is pressed against the transfer roller 13 via the transfer belt 12 and a transfer medium 19 such as paper or paper.
- the transfer roller 13 is configured to be rotatable and driven by the transfer belt 12.
- the second transfer roller 14 and the opposing transfer roller 13 are pressed against each other with a pressing force of 5.0—21.8 ( ⁇ ), and toner is transferred from the transfer belt onto a recording material 19 such as paper. Transcribed.
- the resistance value is less than 10 2 Omega, easy retransfer occurs. Larger than 10 6 ⁇ , transfer failure is more likely to occur. 5. If it is smaller than ⁇ ( ⁇ ), transfer failure will occur. If it is larger than 21.8 ( ⁇ ), the load will increase and jitter will easily occur.
- Each image forming unit 18Y, 18M, 18C, 18K is composed of the same constituent members except for the developer contained therein, so that the image forming unit 18Y will be described for simplicity. The description of the units for other colors is omitted.
- the image forming unit is configured as follows. 1 is a photoreceptor, 3 is a pixel laser signal light, 4 is a developing roller made of aluminum having a magnet having a magnetic force of 1200 Gauss and having an outer diameter of 10 mm, which opposes the photoreceptor with a gap of 0.3 mm, in the direction of the arrow. To rotate. 6 is stirring The toner and the carrier in the developing device are agitated by the roller and supplied to the developing roller. The composition ratio of the carrier and toner is read by a magnetic permeability sensor (not shown), and the toner hopper (not shown) is supplied in a timely manner. 5 is a metal magnetic blade that regulates the magnetic brush layer of the developer on the developing roller.
- the amount of developer is 150g.
- the gap was set to 0.4 mm.
- the power supply is omitted.
- a DC of 500 V and an AC voltage of 1.5 kV (pp) and a frequency of 6 kHz are applied to the developing roller 4.
- the peripheral speed ratio between the photosensitive member and the developing roller was set to 1: 1.6.
- the mixing ratio of the toner and the carrier was 93: 7, and the amount of the developer in the developing device was 150 g.
- Reference numeral 2 denotes a charging roller made of epichlorohydrin rubber and having an outer diameter of 10 mm to which a DC bias of -1.2 kV is applied.
- the surface of the photoconductor 1 is charged to -600V.
- 8 is a cleaner
- 9 is a waste toner bottle
- 7 is a developer.
- the downward force of the transfer unit 17 is also conveyed, and the paper 19 is fed by a paper feed roller (not shown) to the nip portion where the transfer belt 12 and the second transfer roller 14 are pressed.
- the paper transport path is formed as shown.
- the toner on the transfer belt 12 is transferred to the paper 19 by + 1000V applied to the second transfer roller 14, and the fixing roller 201, the pressure roller 202, the fixing belt 203, the heating medium roller 204, the induction heater unit 205 And is fixed here.
- FIG. 2 shows the fixing process diagram.
- a belt 203 is provided between the fixing roller 201 and the heat roller 204.
- a predetermined weight is applied between the fixing roller 201 and the pressure roller 202, and a gap is formed between the belt 203 and the pressure roller 202.
- An induction heater portion 205 consisting of a ferrite core 206 and a coil 207 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the heat roller 204, and a temperature sensor 208 is disposed on the outer surface.
- the belt has a structure in which 30 ⁇ m Ni is used as a base material, 150 ⁇ m silicone rubber is superimposed thereon, and 30 ⁇ m PFA tube is further superimposed thereon.
- the pressing roller 202 is pressed against the fixing roller 201 by the pressing panel 209.
- the recording material 19 having the toner 210 moves along the guide plate 211.
- the fixing roller 201 as a fixing member has a rubber force (JIS-A) of 20 according to the JIS standard on the surface of an aluminum hollow roller core 213 having a length of 250 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a thickness of lmm.
- An elastic layer 214 having a thickness of 3 mm that provides a high degree of silicone rubber strength is provided.
- a silicone rubber layer 215 is formed with a thickness of 3 mm and has an outer diameter of about 20 mm.
- the driving motor (not shown) also rotates at 125 mmZs by receiving the driving force.
- the heat roller 204 is made of a hollow pipe having a thickness of lmm and an outer diameter of 20mm!
- the surface temperature of the fixing belt was controlled at 170 ° C. using a thermistor.
- the pressure roller 202 as a pressure member has a length force of 250mm and an outer diameter of 20mm. It has a 2mm thick elastic layer 217 with a silicone rubber force of 55 degrees in rubber hardness (JIS-A) according to JIS standard on the surface of a hollow roller core 216 made of aluminum with an outer diameter of 16mm and a thickness of lmm. .
- the pressure roller 202 is rotatably mounted, and forms a gap width of 5. Omm with the fixing roller 201 by a panel-weighted panel 209 of 147N on one side.
- the image forming speed of the image forming unit 18Y (125 mmZs equal to the peripheral speed of the photoconductor) and the moving speed of the transfer belt 12 are such that the photoconductor speed is 0.5 to 1.5% lower than the transfer belt speed. It is set to be.
- the Y signal light 3Y is input to the image forming unit 18Y, and an image is formed with the Y toner.
- the Y toner image is transferred from the photosensitive body 1Y to the transfer belt 12 by the action of the first transfer roller 10Y.
- a DC voltage of +800 V was applied to the first transfer roller 10Y.
- the M signal light 3M is input to the image forming unit 18M, and the image formation by the M toner is performed. Then, at the same time as the image formation, the M toner image is transferred to the transfer belt 12 by the 1M force of the photoconductor by the action of the first transfer roller 10M. At this time, the M toner is transferred onto the first color (Y) toner. same In this manner, the image is formed by the C (cyan) and K (black) toners, and the YMCK toner image is formed on the transfer belt 12 by the operation of the first transfer rollers 10C and 10B simultaneously with the image formation. This is the so-called tandem method.
- Table 10 shows the results of image output using the electrophotographic apparatus of Fig. 1.
- Tona evaluated the state of poor transfer in the character area of a full-color image in which three colors of magenta, cyan, and yellow overlapped, and the wrapping property of paper on the fixing belt during fixing.
- the charge amount was measured by a blow-off method of frictional charge with a ferrite carrier.
- the solid black image was uniform without horizontal line disturbances, toner splatters, and missing characters, and an extremely high resolution that reproduced the 16 mm Zmm image
- An image with high image quality was obtained, and an image with a high density of 1.3 or more was obtained.
- there was no fogging of the non-image area was obtained.
- the fluidity and image density showed stable characteristics with little change.
- the uniformity of a solid image taken at the time of development was good. Development memory also occurs! /,Absent. Even during continuous use, abnormal images of vertical streaks did not occur. Almost no spent toner component was generated on the carrier.
- toner and developer have a process speed of 100 mmZs and the distance between photoconductors is At a separation of 70 mm, characters scatter at the time of transfer, missing characters in the transferred characters, and the reverse transferability were at an acceptable level, and the overall solid image uniformity was good.
- the process speed was increased to 125 mmZs, or between the photoconductors When the distance was 60 mm, the uniformity of the entire solid image deteriorated slightly.
- Capri increases due to the decrease in charge amount under high temperature and high humidity, and image density decreased due to increase in charge amount under low temperature and low humidity.
- the transfer efficiency dropped to about 60-70%, and filming of the transfer belt and poor cleaning occurred.
- a solid image was taken at the time of development, blurring occurred in the latter half. Wax fused to the developing blade during continuous use, and abnormal images of vertical streaks were generated.
- paper was wound around the fixing belt. Toner jump occurred during fixing.
- OHP jam did not occur in the fixing-top portion.
- no offset occurred at 200,000 sheets.
- the OHP translucency was 80% or higher, and the non-offset temperature range was wide and within the range of the fixing roller without using oil.
- Almost no agglomeration was observed in storage stability at 50 ° C for 24 hours (level I).
- the toners of tml2, tml3, and tml4 were hardened in the storage stability test, and the low-temperature fixing property was poor and the high-temperature offset property was poor. [Possibility of industrial use]
- the present invention is useful not only in an electrophotographic system using a photoreceptor but also in a system in which toner is directly attached to paper for printing.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
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US10/580,069 US7459254B2 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2004-11-02 | Toner and two-component developer |
JP2005515572A JPWO2005050328A1 (ja) | 2003-11-20 | 2004-11-02 | トナー及び二成分現像剤 |
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US (1) | US7459254B2 (ja) |
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US7939232B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2011-05-10 | Panasonic Corporation | Toner, process for producing toner, and two-component developing agent |
JPWO2007086195A1 (ja) * | 2006-01-24 | 2009-06-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | トナー及びその製造方法 |
US8029962B2 (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2011-10-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Developing agent |
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CN102354088B (zh) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-02-13 | 湖北鼎龙化学股份有限公司 | 静电荷图像显影用调色剂及其制造方法 |
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JP6061672B2 (ja) | 2012-12-28 | 2017-01-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー |
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JP6418992B2 (ja) | 2015-03-13 | 2018-11-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | 磁性キャリアおよびその製造方法 |
JP6237705B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-04 | 2017-11-29 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー |
EP3341798B1 (en) | 2016-01-27 | 2019-08-21 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Liquid electrophotographic ink developer unit |
US10514633B2 (en) | 2016-01-27 | 2019-12-24 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Liquid electrophotographic ink developer unit |
JP2022187809A (ja) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-20 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー |
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2004
- 2004-11-02 WO PCT/JP2004/016261 patent/WO2005050328A2/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-11-02 CN CNA2004800344117A patent/CN1882884A/zh active Pending
- 2004-11-02 JP JP2005515572A patent/JPWO2005050328A1/ja active Pending
- 2004-11-02 US US10/580,069 patent/US7459254B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2008
- 2008-11-17 JP JP2008293649A patent/JP2009064038A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (2)
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WO2007088667A1 (ja) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | トナー及びその製造方法 |
JP2014153580A (ja) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-25 | Konica Minolta Inc | 静電荷現像用トナー及び静電荷現像用トナーの製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2005050328A1 (ja) | 2007-12-06 |
JP2009064038A (ja) | 2009-03-26 |
US20070111124A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
US7459254B2 (en) | 2008-12-02 |
CN1882884A (zh) | 2006-12-20 |
WO2005050328A3 (ja) | 2005-08-18 |
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