WO2006100845A1 - トナー及びトナーの製造方法 - Google Patents
トナー及びトナーの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006100845A1 WO2006100845A1 PCT/JP2006/302318 JP2006302318W WO2006100845A1 WO 2006100845 A1 WO2006100845 A1 WO 2006100845A1 JP 2006302318 W JP2006302318 W JP 2006302318W WO 2006100845 A1 WO2006100845 A1 WO 2006100845A1
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- particles
- wax
- toner
- resin
- dispersion
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09392—Preparation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0819—Developers with toner particles characterised by the dimensions of the particles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copying machine, a laser printer, plain paper FAX, a color PPC, a color laser printer, a color FAX, and a toner and a toner manufacturing method.
- the problem with such a toner configuration is that the toner has a strong cohesive property, so that the tendency of toner image disturbance and transfer failure during transfer is more prominent, and both transfer and fixing are compatible. It becomes difficult. Also, when used as two-component development, the toner has a low melting point component on the carrier surface due to collision between particles, friction, or mechanical collision such as collision between particles and developing device, friction, etc., and heat generated by friction. As a result, adhering scavenging easily occurs and the charging ability of the carrier is lowered, which hinders the longevity of the imaging agent.
- a toner preparation method using an emulsion polymerization method forms aggregated particles (sometimes referred to as core particles) in a dispersion obtained by dispersing at least rosin particles and colorant particles.
- a step of preparing a particle dispersion a step of adding and mixing a fine resin particle dispersion obtained by dispersing fine resin particles in the fine particle dispersion to form fine particles by adhering the fine particles to the fine particles And the process of heating and fusing the adhered particles.
- Patent Document 1 a resin particle dispersion obtained by dispersing resin particles in a polar dispersant, and colorant particles obtained by dispersing colorant particles in a polar dispersant.
- Min A mixed liquid preparation step of preparing a mixed liquid by mixing at least a liquid dispersion, and by making the dispersant contained in the mixed liquid have the same polarity, the charging property and the color developability are excellent. It is disclosed that a toner for developing a high electrostatic charge image can be produced easily and simply.
- the release agent contains at least one ester consisting of at least one of a higher alcohol having 12 to 30 carbon atoms and a higher fatty acid having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and It is disclosed that the resin particles are excellent in fixing property, color developability, transparency, color mixing property and the like by containing at least two types of resin particles having different molecular weights.
- Examples of the release agent include low molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutene; fatty acid amides such as silicones, oleic acid amide, ergic acid amide, ricinoleic acid amide, and stearic acid amide; Plant waxes such as uba wax, rice wax, candelilla tustus, tree wax, jojoba oil, etc .; animal waxes such as beeswax; montan wax, zocerite, ceresin, no ⁇ raffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer Tropsch Minerals such as waxes, petroleum-based waxes, and modified products thereof are disclosed.
- low molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutene
- fatty acid amides such as silicones, oleic acid amide, ergic acid amide, ricinoleic acid amide, and stearic acid amide
- Patent Document 3 a toner comprising particles formed by polymerization and a coating layer consisting of fine particles formed by emulsion polymerization on the surface of the particles, wherein a water-soluble inorganic salt is added.
- a configuration for generating a coating layer with microparticles on the particle surface and a configuration for generating a coating layer with microparticles on the particle surface by changing the pH of the solution are disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 a step of forming aggregated particles in a dispersion obtained by dispersing at least the resin particles to prepare an aggregated particle dispersion, wherein the fine particles of the resin are dispersed in the aggregated particle dispersion.
- a method for producing a toner including a step of adding and mixing the fine resin particle dispersion to form an adhering particle by adhering the fine resin particle to the aggregated particle, and a step of heating and fusing the adhering particle.
- a mixing method for example, it is disclosed that it may be carried out gradually continuously, or may be carried out stepwise by dividing into a plurality of times. Further, it is described that by adding and mixing the fine resin particles (additional particles) described above, the generation of fine particles is suppressed and the charging performance with a sharp particle size distribution is excellent.
- the content of the surfactant in the toner particles is 3% by weight or less, and an inorganic metal salt having a charge of 2 or more, for example, salty zinc, 1% by weight at 1Oppm or more.
- the following composition is disclosed which is formed by ionic crosslinking to improve moisture absorption resistance. After mixing the fine resin particle dispersion and the colorant dispersion and adjusting the aggregate dispersion using an inorganic metal salt, the mixture is heated above the glass transition point of the resin to fuse the aggregate to produce the toner. It is formed. Small toner particles having excellent charging characteristics, environmental dependency, cleaning properties, and transferability, and a sharp particle size distribution are described.
- a resin layer (shell) is formed by fusing a resin particle by a salting-out Z fusion method on the surface of a colored particle (core particle) containing a resin and a colorant.
- the formed toner particles are disclosed, and after the salting-out Z fusion step for obtaining colored particles, the dispersion of the resin particles is added to the dispersion of the colored particles, and the temperature is raised to the glass transition temperature or higher. Even if it is subjected to long-term image formation in a high humidity environment where the amount of colorant present on the particle surface is small, the image density caused by changes in chargeability and developability is disclosed. It describes the effect of not causing a change in degree, fogging, and color change.
- Patent Document 7 in an electrostatic charge image developing toner including toner particles containing at least a resin and a colorant, the toner particles cover at least the core containing the resin A and the core.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-10-198070
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-301332
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-045558
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-073955
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11 311877
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-116574
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-191618
- the first object of the present invention is to produce a toner having a small particle size having a sharp particle size distribution without requiring a classification step.
- the second purpose is to use no oil for the fixing roller!
- a release agent such as wax is used in the toner, and low temperature fixing property, high temperature non-offset property, fixing roller To achieve both the separation of paper and the storage stability during storage at high temperatures.
- the third object is to provide a long-life toner that is highly durable and does not deteriorate due to spent toy even when a toner containing a release agent such as wax is used.
- the fourth purpose is to provide a toner that can prevent high-speed transfer efficiency by preventing voids and scattering during transfer.
- the toner of the present invention includes at least a first resin particle dispersion in which first resin particles are dispersed, a colorant particle dispersion in which colorant particles are dispersed, and a wax in an aqueous medium. Mixing the wax particle dispersion in which the particles are dispersed, and adding the second resin particle dispersion in which the second resin particles are dispersed to the core particle dispersion containing the core particles produced by aggregation.
- the volume average particle diameter of the toner particles is adjusted to 3 to 7 / by adjusting the pH value of the second resin particle dispersion in which the resin particles are dispersed within the range of HS + 2 to HS-5.
- the content of toner particles having a particle size of 2.52-4111 in the number distribution is 10-75% by number and 25-75 volumes of toner particles having a particle size of 4-6.06111 in the volume distribution.
- the toner contains toner particles having a particle size of 8 ⁇ m or more in a volume distribution of 5% by volume or less.
- the present invention provides at least a first resin particle dispersion in which first resin particles are dispersed, a colorant particle dispersion in which colorant particles are dispersed, and wax particles in an aqueous medium.
- a wax particle dispersion in which is dispersed, and a core particle dispersion containing core particles produced by agglomeration is added to the second resin particle dispersion in which the second resin particles are dispersed,
- a method for producing a toner prepared by mixing, heating, and fusing the second resin particles to the core particles, wherein the pH value of the core particle dispersion in which the core particles are dispersed is set to HS Then, it is a method for producing a toner in which the pH of the second resin particle dispersion in which the second resin particles are dispersed is adjusted in the range of HS + 2 to HS5.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a configuration of an image forming apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a fixing unit used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a stirring and dispersing apparatus used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the stirring and dispersing device used in one embodiment of the present invention as seen from above.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stirring and dispersing apparatus used in one example of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic arrangement view of the stirring and dispersing apparatus used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a toner base particle obtained by further adhering and melting the second resin particles to the core particles obtained by aggregating the first resin particles and the colorant particles in an aqueous system.
- a toner base particle obtained by further adhering and melting the second resin particles to the core particles obtained by aggregating the first resin particles and the colorant particles in an aqueous system.
- the pH of the second resin particle dispersion By adjusting the pH of the second resin particle dispersion to a certain range, the generation of floating resin particles that do not adhere and melt is suppressed, and the coarsening of the toner base particles is suppressed and the small particle size is sharp.
- Toner base particles having a particle size distribution can be prepared without a classification step.
- the pH of the second resin particle dispersion to a certain range, the adhesion and melting of the core particles are adjusted. Therefore, it is possible to control the shape of the toner base particles when the second resin particles are added.
- a durable toner that does not deteriorate due to the formation of a carrier vent can be realized.
- Preparation of a resin particle dispersion is carried out by subjecting a vinyl monomer to a homopolymer or copolymer (vinyl resin) of a vinyl monomer by emulsion polymerization or seed polymerization in a surfactant.
- a dispersion is prepared by dispersing rosin particles in a surfactant.
- the means include high-speed rotary emulsifiers, high-pressure emulsifiers, colloidal emulsifiers, and dispersion devices known per se such as a ball mill, a sand mill, and a dyno mill having media.
- the resin in the resin particles is a resin other than a homopolymer or copolymer of the vinyl monomer
- the resin is an oily solvent having a relatively low solubility in water. If solubilized, the resin is dissolved in the oily solvent, and this solution is finely dispersed in water together with a surfactant and a polymer electrolyte using a disperser such as a homogenizer, and then heated or decompressed. Then, the oily solvent is evaporated to prepare a dispersion liquid in which the resin particles other than the bull resin are dispersed in the surfactant.
- Polymerization initiators include 2,2,1azobis- (2,4-dimethylvale-tolyl), 2,2,1-azobisisobuty-n-tolyl, 1,1,1, azobis (cyclohexane-1- Carbo-tolyl), 2,2'-azobis 4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, azobisisobutyronitrile, and other azo or diazo polymerization initiators, and persulfates (potassium persulfate) , Persulfate Um-um, etc.), azo compounds (4,4'-azobis-4 sianovaleric acid and its salts, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) salts, etc.), peroxide compounds and the like.
- the colorant particle dispersion is prepared by adding colorant particles in water to which a surfactant has been added and dispersing the particles using the above-described dispersion means.
- the wax particle dispersion is prepared by adding and dispersing wax particles in water to which a surfactant has been added, and dispersing the particles using an appropriate dispersing means.
- the toner is required to have further low-temperature fixing, high-temperature non-offset property in oil-less fixing, releasability, high translucency of color images, and storage stability at a constant high temperature. I must be satisfied.
- the toner of the present invention includes a first resin particle dispersion in which at least first resin particles are dispersed in an aqueous medium, a colorant particle dispersion in which colorant particles are dispersed, and wax particles.
- a wax particle dispersion in which is dispersed is mixed in an aqueous system and aggregated to produce core particles.
- a second resin particle dispersion in which the second resin particles are dispersed is added to and mixed with the core particle dispersion in which the core particles are dispersed, and the temperature is equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the second resin particles.
- the second resin particles are fused to the core particles by heat treatment at a temperature, and when the second resin particle dispersion is added to the generated core particle dispersion, the core is dispersed.
- the pH value of the core particle dispersion in which the particles are dispersed is HS
- the ⁇ ⁇ of the second resin particle dispersion in which the second resin particles are dispersed is in the range of HS + 2 to HS-5. It is the structure adjusted and added.
- the generation of floating particles of the first-facilitated particles is reduced, and the first-facilitated particles can be uniformly attached to the surface of the core particles.
- adhesion to the core particles can be performed quickly, so that the fusion processing time can be shortened and productivity can be improved.
- the second resin particles are fused to the core particles, rapid coarsening of the particles can be prevented, and a sharp particle size distribution can be formed with a small particle size.
- the toner of the present invention has an adjustment range of the pH value of the second resin particle dispersion.
- Addition to the core particle dispersion as HS-1 allows the state of secondary aggregation between the core particles to be adjusted, and the toner finally produced when the second resin particles are added It is also possible to control the shape of the matrix particles. That is, the core of the first resin particle is added by adjusting the pH of the second resin particle dispersion to be added to a value close to or higher than the pH of the core particle dispersion in which the core particles are dispersed. When the core particles are partially agglomerated at the time of fusion to the particles, the shape of the particles can be controlled to a spherical force potato shape.
- the particles are rapidly coarsened and the particle size distribution tends to be broad. If the particle size is smaller than HS-1, the secondary aggregation of the core particles does not proceed, and the particle shape remains spherical, making it difficult to control the shape. This is because the toner shape tends to be determined by alignment with the development, transfer, and cleaning process. When emphasizing the cleaning properties of the photoconductor and transfer belt, the toner shape should be potato rather than spherical. The margin increases. In addition, when emphasizing transferability, the toner shape is made close to a sphere to increase the transfer efficiency.
- the second resin particle dispersion is added as it is. There is no problem with the addition of either a single drop or a sequential drop, but a sequential drop is preferred.
- the dropping speed is preferably 1 to 1000 gZmin. If it is less than lgZmin, the particle size distribution tends to be broad. If it is more than lOOOgZmin, the particles tend to be coarse.
- the pH value of the second resin particle dispersion added to the produced core particle dispersion is related to the pH value of the core particle dispersion in which the core particles are dispersed.
- 5 ⁇ : L is also preferred to add in the range of 0.5.
- the pH of the second resin particle dispersion is less than 3.5, the second resin particles do not adhere to the core particle surface, and the second resin particles are in an aqueous system. It remains floating and the liquid remains cloudy. If the pH of the second rosin particle dispersion is greater than 10.5, the particles produced Tend to become coarser rapidly.
- the thickness of the fused resin layer of the second resin particles is preferably 0.5 ⁇ to 2 / ⁇ ⁇ . If it is thinner than this, the effects of storage stability and high temperature non-offset property will not be exhibited, and if it is thicker, low temperature fixability will be hindered.
- the pH in the aqueous system is further adjusted to the range of 3.2 to 6.8, and then the second It is also preferable to adopt a method of heat treatment at a temperature not lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin particles for 0.5 to 5 hours. It is possible to further promote the surface smoothness of the particle shape while suppressing the secondary aggregation between the core particles to which the second resin is adhered.
- a first resin particle dispersion in which the first resin particles are dispersed and the colorant particles are dispersed in an aqueous medium is mixed, ⁇ ⁇ of the aqueous medium is adjusted to a certain condition, a water-soluble inorganic salt is added, and the aqueous medium is added to the first medium.
- Core particles in which at least a part of the first resin particles, colorant particles, and glass particles are agglomerated by heating above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin particles and above the melting point of the resin or wax. Can be generated.
- a persulfate particle dispersion uses a persulfate such as potassium persulfate as a polymerization initiator when polymerizing an emulsion-polymerized resin
- the residue is decomposed by the heat during the heat aggregation process. May cause the pH to fluctuate (decrease), and after emulsion polymerization, the temperature should be above a certain level (preferably 80 ° C or above in order to sufficiently disperse the residue) at a certain time (1 to 5 hours). It is preferable to perform a heat treatment. Preferably it is 4 or less, more preferably 1.8 or less.
- a water-soluble inorganic salt was added to this mixed dispersion, and the mixture was heated to a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the first resin particles and higher than the melting point of Z or wax to have a certain particle size. Toner base particles are produced.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Toner base particles are produced.
- the pH can be adjusted by adding 1N NaOH. If the pH is less than 9.5, the formed particles become coarse Become a trend. On the other hand, if the pH exceeds 12.2, the amount of free wax will increase, making it difficult to encapsulate the wax uniformly.
- a core having a predetermined volume average particle diameter is obtained by adding a water-soluble inorganic salt and heat-treating to at least partially melt and agglomerate at least part of the first resin particles, colorant particles, and wax particles. Particles are formed. Narrow particle size distribution in which wax with less liberation of wax is contained by maintaining the pH of the liquid in the range of 7.0 to 9.5 when core particles of this predetermined volume average particle size are formed Core particles can be formed.
- the amount of NaOH to be added, the type and amount of flocculant, the pH of the emulsion polymerization resin dispersion, the pH of the colorant dispersion, the pH of the wax dispersion, the heating temperature, and the time are appropriately selected. If the pH of the liquid when the particles are formed is less than 7.0, the core particles tend to become coarse. When the pH exceeds 9.5, the free wax tends to increase due to poor aggregation.
- the main component of the surfactant used when preparing the first glyceride particle dispersion of core particles is a nonionic surfactant, and the colorant dispersion It is preferable that the main component of the surfactant used in the preparation is a nonionic surfactant and the main component of the surfactant used for the wax dispersion is a nonionic surfactant.
- the nonionic surfactant preferably has 50 to L00 wt% of the entire surfactant. More preferably 60 ⁇ : L00wt% is preferred!
- This configuration eliminates the presence of suspended colorant particles and wax particles that are associated with aggregation in an aqueous system, and can form core particles having a small particle size, a uniform, and sharp particle size distribution in a narrow range. it can. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the floating of the second resin particles, make the adhesion and melt uniform on the core particles, and create a sharp particle size distribution.
- the surfactant in the first resin particle dispersion in which the first resin particles are dispersed is preferably a mixed system of a nonionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant.
- the ionic surfactant is preferably 60 to 95 wt% with respect to the entire surfactant. Stable core particles with less than 60 wt% cannot be obtained. If it exceeds 95 wt%, the dispersion of the resin particles themselves is not stable.
- the surfactant used in the first resin particle dispersion is non-ionic.
- a configuration in which the surfactant is a mixture of the surfactant and the ionic surfactant and the main component of the surfactant used in the wax dispersion is only a nonionic surfactant is also preferable.
- the surfactant used in the first resin particle dispersion is a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant, and is used in the colorant dispersion.
- a configuration in which the main component of the surfactant is only a nonionic surfactant and the main component of the surfactant used in the wax dispersion is only a nonionic surfactant is also preferable.
- the surfactant used in the first resin particle dispersion is a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant
- the nonionic surfactant is in the total amount of the surfactant. It is preferable to have 95 wt%. If it is less than 60 wt%, stable core particles cannot be obtained. More than 95 wt%, and the dispersion of the resin particles themselves is stable!
- a configuration in which the main component of the surfactant used in the second rosin dispersion is a nonionic surfactant is preferable.
- the surfactant used in the second resin particle dispersion is a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant. It is preferable that the agent has 50 to 95 wt% with respect to the whole surfactant. If it is less than 50 wt%, it will be difficult to promote the adhesion of the second resin particles to the core particles. More than 95wt%, and the dispersion of the resin particles themselves is stable!
- the wax and resin fine particles have many water molecules and are hydrated to the dispersed particles, so that the particles are difficult to stick to each other.
- the water molecules that are hydrated are taken away by the electrolyte, making it easier to stick.
- the particles stick together and grow into larger particles.
- a dispersion with an ionic surfactant for example, a arion system for waving resin dispersion and a arion system for wax dispersion
- core particles are obtained, but hydrated by adding electrolyte.
- water molecules are deprived, particles that repel wax particles remain, and particles that only aggregate floating wax tend to exist.
- Examples of the water-soluble inorganic salt include alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
- the alkali metal include lithium, potassium, and sodium
- examples of the alkaline earth metal include magnesium, calcium, strontium, and sodium. Of these, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium are preferable.
- Examples of the counter ion (anion constituting the salt) of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal include a chloride ion, a bromide ion, an iodide ion, a carbonate ion, and a sulfate ion.
- Examples of the organic solvent infinitely soluble in water include methanol, ethanol, 1 propanol, 2-propanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, acetone and the like. Of these, alcohols having 3 or less carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, 1 propanol, and 2 propanol are preferred, and 2-propanol is particularly preferred! /.
- nonionic surfactants include higher alcohol ethylene oxide adducts, alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts, fatty acid ethylene oxide adducts, polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester ethylene oxide adducts, and fatty acid amide ethylene oxide adducts.
- Polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of fats and oils, polypropylene glycol ethylene oxide adducts, fatty acid esters of glycerol, fatty acid esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acid esters of sorbitol and sorbitan, sucrose And polyhydric alcohol type nonionic surfactants such as alkyl esters of other alcohols, fatty acid amides of alkanolamines, and the like.
- Polyethylene glycol-type nonionic surfactants such as higher alcohol ethylene oxide adducts and alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts can be particularly preferably used.
- examples of the aqueous medium include water such as distilled water and ion-exchanged water, and alcohols. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the polar surfactant in the dispersant having the polarity cannot be generally defined and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- examples of the polar surfactant include sulfate ester salt, sulfonate salt, phosphate ester, and salt.
- cationic surfactants such as amine surfactant type, quaternary ammonium salt type, and the like.
- a specific example of the above-mentioned surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
- cationic surfactant examples include alkylbenzene dimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl ammonium chloride and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the toner base particles can be obtained through an optional washing step, solid-liquid separation step, and drying step.
- this washing step it is preferable to sufficiently perform substitution washing with ion-exchanged water from the viewpoint of improving the chargeability.
- a known filtration method such as a suction filtration method or a pressure filtration method is preferably mentioned from the viewpoint of productivity that is not particularly limited.
- known drying methods such as a flash jet drying method, a fluidized drying method, and a vibration type fluidized drying method are preferably mentioned from the viewpoint of productivity that is not particularly limited.
- a configuration in which wax is added to the toner is preferable for improving the separation property of the transfer medium such as a copy sheet on which the toner melted at the time of fixing is fixed with a heating roller or the like. Certain effects can be achieved even with a single type of wax.
- esters comprising a higher alcohol having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and a higher fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms such as stearyl stearate, palmityl palmitate, bearyl behenate or stearyl monate,
- Esters comprising a higher fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and a lower monoalcohol such as ptyl stearate, isobutyl behenate, propyl montanate or 2-ethylhexyl oleate,
- Preferable examples include higher fatty acids having a number of 16 to 24, polyhydric alcohol multimers, and esters that have power. These waxes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- derivatives of hydroxystearic acid, glycerin fatty acid ester, glycol fatty acid ester or sorbitan fatty acid ester can also be suitably used.
- fatty acid hydrocarbon waxes such as low molecular weight polypropylene wax, low molecular weight polyethylene wax, polypropylene polyethylene copolymer wax, microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, and fish push push wax can also be suitably used.
- the melting point of the wax is preferably 50 to 120 ° C, more preferably 60 to 110 ° C, and further preferably 65 to: LOO ° C.
- the temperature is lower than 50 ° C, the storage stability is poor.
- the temperature is higher than 120 ° C, the low-temperature fixability and color glossiness are not improved.
- the cohesiveness of the water is reduced, and free particles are likely to increase without agglomeration in the aqueous system.
- the amount of the wax added is preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- the amount is preferably 8 to 25 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 20 parts by weight. If it is less than 5 parts by weight, the effects of low temperature fixing property, high temperature non-offset property, and paper separation property will not be exhibited. If it exceeds 30 parts by weight, it will be difficult to control small particles.
- the wax particle dispersion is prepared by heating, melting, and dispersing the wax in ion-exchanged water in an aqueous medium to which a surfactant is added.
- PR16 20 to 16% diameter (PR16): LOOnm, 50% diameter (PR50) force 0 ⁇ 160nm, 8 4 0/0 size (PR 84) force S260mn hereinafter, PR 84 / PR16 force 1. 2 1. 8 It is preferable that particles of 150 nm or less are 65% by volume or more, and particles exceeding 400 nm are 10% by volume or less.
- PR16 16% diameter (PR16) force S20 ⁇ 60nm
- particles of 130mn or less are 65% by volume or more and particles exceeding 300nm are 10% by volume or less.
- the 50% diameter (PR50) is 40 to 300 nm and is finely dispersed. ⁇ ⁇ It is easy for tuss to be taken in between the resin particles, preventing agglomeration between the waxes themselves, and uniform dispersion. It is possible to eliminate particles that are taken into the cocoon particles and float in the water.
- the melted wax particles surround and include the melted wax particles because of the surface tension. It becomes easy to encapsulate the release agent.
- PR16 force S200mnJ Redirecting a fence 50 0/0 diameter (PR50) force S300mnJ Redirecting a fence, larger than the large instrument PR84ZPR16 2.
- PR84 force 400Itapaiiota following the particles less than 65 vol% 200 nm
- the wax is taken in between the resin particles and ⁇ aggregation with only the wax itself tends to occur frequently.
- the wax is encapsulated in the cocoon resin in such a form that the melted wax particles include the melted wax particles. Furthermore, the amount of wax exposed and released on the surface of the toner base when adhering and fusing the resin increases, which increases filming on the photoconductor and scavenging on the carrier! ], Handling in development is reduced, and development memory is likely to occur.
- PR16 force is smaller than 20nm
- 50% diameter (PR50) force is smaller than Onm
- PR84ZPR16 is smaller than 1.2
- wax re-agglomeration occurs during standing, which makes it difficult to maintain a dispersed state, and particle size
- the standing stability of the distribution tends to decrease.
- the load increases during dispersion, heat generation increases, and productivity tends to decrease.
- the 50% diameter (PR50) in the volume particle size integration when the small particle size side force of the wax particles dispersed in the wax particle dispersion is integrated is the By making the diameter smaller than 50% (PR50), the wax is easily taken up between the resin particles, so that aggregation between the glasses themselves can be prevented and the dispersion can be performed uniformly. Eliminates particles that are taken up by the cocoon particles and float in the water.
- core particles are obtained by heating the core particles in an aqueous system to obtain melted core particles, the relationship between the surface tension and the melted wax particles includes the melted wax particles, and the wax is easily included in the resin. More preferably, it is 20% or more smaller than the 50% diameter (PR50) of the greave particles.
- the wax particles can be dispersed in the fine yarn field by emulsifying and dispersing by the action of high shear force generated by the rotating body.
- the particle size distribution of fine particles can be made narrower and sharper than a disperser such as a homogenizer.
- the fine particles forming the dispersion do not re-aggregate even when left for a long time, so that a stable dispersion state can be maintained and the standing stability of the particle size distribution is improved.
- a molten liquid is prepared by heating in a high pressure state. Also, the wax is dissolved in an oily solvent. This solution is obtained by dispersing fine particles in water together with a surfactant and a polymer electrolyte using a disperser shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6, and then evaporating the oily solvent by heating or decompressing. .
- the particle size can be measured using a Horiba laser diffraction particle size measuring device (LA920), a Shimadzu laser diffraction particle size measuring device (SALD2100), or the like.
- LA920 Horiba laser diffraction particle size measuring device
- SALD2100 Shimadzu laser diffraction particle size measuring device
- the wax particle dispersion is prepared by heating, melting, and dispersing the wax in an ion-exchanged water in an aqueous medium to which a surfactant is added.
- a configuration in which the wax includes at least a first wax and a second wax, an endothermic peak temperature (melting point Tml (° C )) Is 50 to 90 ° C, and the endothermic peak temperature (melting point Tm2 (° C)) of the second wax by DSC method is 5 ° C or more higher than Tml.
- a configuration with a temperature of ° C or less is preferred.
- Low melting point wax provides low-temperature fixability, and high melting point wax It becomes possible to achieve both the warm non-offset property and the paper separation failure.
- the melting point Tml of the first wax is preferably 55 to 85 ° C, more preferably 60 to 85 ° C, and further preferably 65 to 75 ° C. Storage stability is poor when the temperature is lower than 50 ° C. When it is higher than 90 ° C, low-temperature fixability and color brightness are not improved. Further, the melting point Tm2 of the second wax is preferably 5 ° C. or more higher than the melting point Tm1 of the first wax. The function of the wax can be separated efficiently, and there is an effect of achieving both low temperature fixing property, high temperature non-offset property and paper separation property.
- the temperature is lower than 5 ° C, the effect of satisfying both low-temperature fixing property, high-temperature non-offset property and poor paper separation is obtained.
- the temperature is higher than 50 ° C., the first wax and the second wax are phase-separated and cannot be uniformly incorporated into the toner particles.
- the melting point Tm2 is preferably 80 to 120 ° C. More preferably, it is 85-100 ° C, and more preferably 90-100 ° C.
- Tm2 is smaller than 80 ° C, the high temperature non-offset property and the paper separation property are weakened. Above 120 ° C, the cohesiveness of the wax decreases and free particles that do not aggregate in the aqueous system increase.
- the wax in the first configuration, when the toner particles are formed by aggregating waxes having different melting points with a resin and a colorant in an aqueous system to form toner particles,
- the dispersion obtained by separately emulsifying and dispersing each of the waxes is mixed with the rosin dispersion and the colorant dispersion and heated to agglomerate, the melted core particles in which the wax is toner particles are caused by the difference in the melting speed of the wax Presence of particles floating without being taken in, and aggregation of core particles does not progress, and the particle size distribution tends to be broad.
- the wax is uniformly taken into the toner, and it is difficult to form particles with a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution.
- the problem that the generated particles rapidly become coarse when the second resin is melted and adhered to the core particles (hereinafter sometimes referred to as shelling) cannot be sufficiently solved.
- a wax particle dispersion by mixing and dispersing the first wax and the second wax.
- the first wax and the second wax are heated and emulsified and dispersed in a constant mixing ratio in the emulsifying and dispersing apparatus.
- the inputs can be separate or simultaneous, but the final dispersion contains the first and second waxes. It is preferred to be included in the state.
- a higher alcohol and carbon having a first wax power of 16 to 24 carbon atoms wherein the wax includes at least the first wax and the second wax. It is preferable to include an ester wax that also has at least one of higher fatty acids of several 16 to 24, and the second wax includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon wax.
- the wax contains at least the first wax and the second wax, the first wax power iodine value is 25 or less, and the Keny value is 30 to 30.
- a configuration including a wax composed of 300 and a second wax strength aliphatic hydrocarbon wax is preferable.
- the endothermic peak temperature (melting point Tml (° C)) of the first ox by DSC method is 50 to 90 ° C, preferably Is 55 to 85 ° C, more preferably 60 to 85 ° C, and still more preferably 65 to 75 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 50 ° C, the storage stability and heat resistance of the toner deteriorate. Above 90 ° C, the cohesiveness of the wax decreases and free particles that do not aggregate in the water system increase. Also, low temperature fixability and glossiness are not improved.
- the endothermic peak temperature (melting point Tm2 (° C)) of the second wax by DSC method is 80 to 120 ° C, preferably 85 It is preferable that the temperature is -100 ° C, more preferably 90-100 ° C.
- the temperature is lower than 80 ° C, the storage stability is deteriorated, the high temperature non-offset property and the paper separation property are weakened. Above 120 ° C, the cohesiveness of the wax decreases and free particles that do not aggregate in the aqueous system increase. In addition, low-temperature fixability and color translucency are impaired.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon based wax is a resin. Familiarity strength There is a tendency that aggregation with the resin does not easily occur, and the presence of particles that float without wax being incorporated into the molten core particles, and the particle size distribution tends to be broad without aggregation of the core particles.
- the first wax is promoted to be compatible with the resin and the agglomeration of the aliphatic hydrocarbon-based liquor is promoted, and is uniformly taken in. It seems that the occurrence can be prevented. Furthermore, the first wax has a tendency that the low-temperature fixability is further improved due to a part of the resin and miscibility. In addition, since the aliphatic hydrocarbon wax does not progress in compatibility with the resin, this wax can exhibit the function of improving the high temperature offset property and the separation property from the paper. That is, the first wax has a function as a dispersion aid during the emulsification dispersion treatment of the aliphatic hydrocarbon wax, and further has a function as a low-temperature fixing aid.
- the first wax and the second wax are further mixed, emulsified and dispersed in the production of the wax particle dispersion. It is preferable to create it. As a result, the presence of particles floating without the wax being taken into the core particles is suppressed, the phenomenon in which the core particles are abruptly coarsened during shelling is suppressed, and the wax is uniformly taken into the toner to form small particles. It is possible to produce particles with a narrower particle size and particle size distribution.
- ES1 is the weight ratio of the first wax to 100 parts by weight of the wax in the dispersion of wax particles
- the weight ratio of the second wax is
- FT2ZES1 is preferably 0.2 to 10. More preferably, it is the range of 1-9. If it is smaller than 0.2, that is, if the weight ratio of the first wax is too large, the effect of high temperature non-offset property cannot be obtained, and the storage stability deteriorates. If it is larger than 10, that is, if the weight ratio of the second wax is too large, low-temperature fixing cannot be realized, and the above-mentioned problem that the core particles tend to become coarse cannot be solved. Furthermore, FT2 formulation A ratio of 50 wt% or more is a well-balanced ratio that can achieve both low temperature fixability, high temperature storage stability, and high temperature non-offset properties.
- the dispersion stability is improved by treating the wax, particularly the aliphatic hydrocarbon wax with an anionic surfactant, but the core is improved.
- the core particles become coarse and it is difficult to obtain particles with a sharp particle size distribution.
- the wax particle dispersion is prepared by mixing, emulsifying and dispersing the first wax and the second wax with a surfactant mainly composed of a nonionic surfactant. .
- a surfactant mainly composed of a nonionic surfactant By mixing and dispersing with a surfactant mainly composed of a nonionic surfactant to prepare an emulsion dispersion, aggregation of the wax itself is suppressed and dispersion stability is improved.
- the total amount of added wax is preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- the amount is preferably 8 to 25 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 20 parts by weight. If it is less than 5 parts by weight, the effects of low-temperature fixing property, high-temperature non-offset property, and paper separation property will not be exhibited. If it exceeds 30 parts by weight, it will be difficult to control small particles.
- the preferred first wax comprises at least one ester comprising at least one of a higher alcohol having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and a higher fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the alcohol component in addition to monoalcohols such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl, glycols such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol or a large amount thereof. And triols such as glycerin or multimers thereof, polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol, sorbitan or cholesterol are preferred.
- the higher fatty acid may be a mono-substituted product or a poly-substituted product. Specific examples include the following.
- Esters comprising a higher alcohol having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and a higher fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms such as stearyl stearate, palmityl palmitate, bearyl behenate or stearyl monate,
- Esters comprising a higher fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and a lower monoalcohol such as ptyl stearate, isobutyl behenate, propyl montanate or 2-ethylhexyl oleate,
- Preferable examples include higher fatty acids having a number of 16 to 24, polyhydric alcohol multimers, and esters that have power. These waxes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alcohol component and Z or acid component is less than 16, it will be difficult to perform the function as a dispersion aid. If it exceeds 24, the function as a low-temperature fixing aid will be difficult to exhibit.
- the preferred first wax composition includes a wax having an iodine value of 25 or less and a saponification value of 30 to 300.
- a wax having an iodine value of 25 or less and a saponification value of 30 to 300 By using in combination with the second wax, it is possible to prevent coarsening of the particle size and to produce toner base particles having a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution.
- the iodine value By defining the iodine value, the effect of improving the dispersion stability of the wax can be obtained, the core particles can be uniformly formed with the resin and the colorant particles, and the formation of particles with a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution can be achieved. Make it possible.
- the iodine value is 20 or less, the saponification value is 30 to 200, more preferably the iodine value is 10 or less, and the saponification value is 30 to 150. If the iodine value exceeds 25, on the contrary, the dispersion stability becomes too good, the core particles cannot be formed uniformly with the resin and the colorant particles, and the floating particles of the wax tend to increase, resulting in coarse particles. It tends to have a broad particle size distribution. If airborne particles remain in the toner, filming of the photoreceptor or the like is caused. During toner multi-layer transfer in primary transfer, repulsion due to toner charge action is alleviated.
- the saponification value is less than 30, the presence of unsaponifiable matter and hydrocarbons increases, and it becomes difficult to form a uniform core particle having a small particle size.
- Photosensitive filming and toner chargeability are adversely affected, leading to deterioration of chargeability during continuous use.
- it becomes larger than 300 suspended matter in the water system increases. The repulsion due to the charge action of the toner is alleviated. In addition, fogging and toner scattering increase.
- the heat loss at 220 ° C of the wax having a defined iodine value and saponification value is 8% by weight or less. If the loss on heating is more than 8% by weight, the glass transition point of the toner is lowered and the storage stability of the toner is impaired. It adversely affects the development characteristics and causes fogging and photoconductor filming. The particle size distribution of the generated toner becomes broad.
- the number average molecular weight is 500-4500, the weight average molecular weight is 600-9000, the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight (weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is 1.01-7, and the Z average molecular weight Number average molecular weight ratio (Z average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is 1.02 to 9, more preferably number average molecular weight is 700 to 4000, weight average molecular weight is 800 to 8000, ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight (Weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is 1.01 to 6, and the ratio of Z average molecular weight to number average molecular weight (Z average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is 1.02 to 8.
- the number-average molecular weight is small tool weight average molecular weight than 100 small instrument molecular weight maximum peak from 200 5 storage stability when it comes to being located in a range smaller than X 10 2 to bad I spoon. Also The handling property in the developing device is lowered, and the toner density uniformity is hindered. It causes toner photoconductor filming. The particle size distribution of the generated toner becomes broad.
- Weight average molecular weight greater than 5000 and weight average molecular weight greater than 10000 Weight average Molecular weight to number average molecular weight (weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) greater than 8 Z average molecular weight and number average molecular weight
- the ratio (Z average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is large appliances fraction molecular weight maximum peak than 10 is larger range ⁇ this position than the region of 1 X 10 4, the releasing action is weakened low temperature fixability descend. It becomes difficult to reduce the particle size of the generated particles when the wax emulsified dispersed particles are generated.
- a material having a volume increase rate of 2 to 30% at a change of 10 ° C at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the wax having prescribed iodine value and saponification value is preferable.
- the solid force changes into a liquid, it expands rapidly, and when melted by the heat at the time of fixing, the adhesion between the toners is further strengthened, the fixing property is further improved, and the releasability from the fixing roller is also improved. Offset resistance is also improved.
- Examples of the first wax include materials such as meadowfoam oil derivatives, carnauba wax derivatives, jojoba oil derivatives, wood wax, beeswax, ozokerite, carnauba wax, canderia wax, ceresin wax or rice wax. These derivatives are also preferably used. One type or a combination of two or more types can be used.
- Meadowfoam oil fatty acids, metal salts of meadowfoam oil fatty acids, meadowfoam oil fatty acid esters, hydrogenated meadowfoam oil or meadowfoam oil triesters can be preferably used as the meadowfoam oil derivative.
- An emulsion dispersion having a small particle size and a uniform particle size distribution can be prepared. It is a preferred material that is effective for low-temperature fixability, long life of the developer, and improved transferability in oilless fixing. These can be used alone or in combination.
- the metal salt may be a metal salt such as sodium, potassium, strength, magnesium, norlium, zinc, lead, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, or aluminum. High temperature non-offset property is good.
- Meadowfoam oil fatty acid esters include, for example, methyl, ethyl, butyl glycerin , Pentaerythritol, polypropylene glycol or trimethylolpropane, etc., and particularly preferred are mesofoam oil fatty acid pentaerythritol monoester, medfofoam oil fatty acid pentaerythritol triester or medowfoam oil fatty acid trimethylolpropane ester. ,. Effective for low-temperature fixability.
- Hydrogenated Meadowfoam oil is obtained by hydrogenating Meadowfoam oil to make unsaturated bonds saturated bonds. Low temperature fixability and glossiness can be improved.
- an esterification reaction product of meadowfoam oil fatty acid and a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, etc. is converted into tolylene diisocyanate (TD 1), diphenylmethane 4, 4,
- TD 1 tolylene diisocyanate
- diphenylmethane 4 4, 4
- An isocyanate polymer of a meadow foam oil fatty acid polyhydric alcohol ester obtained by crosslinking with an isocyanate such as diisocyanate (MDI) can also be preferably used. It is possible to extend the life of a two-component developer with less scavenging on the carrier.
- the jojoba oil derivatives include jojoba oil fatty acid, metal salt of jojoba oil fatty acid, jojoba oil fatty acid ester, hydrogenated jojoba oil, jojoba oil triester, maleic acid derivative of epoxidized jojoba oil, and many jojoba oil fatty acids.
- An isocyanate polymer of a monohydric alcohol ester and a halogenated modified jojoba oil can also be preferably used.
- An emulsified dispersion having a small particle size and a uniform particle size distribution can be prepared. Easily mix and disperse rosin and wax. This is a preferable material that is effective for low-temperature fixability in oil-less fixing, long life of the developer, and improved transferability. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Jojoba oil fatty acid obtained by saponification of jojoba oil also has a fatty acid power of 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- metal salts such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, lead, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and aluminum can be used. High temperature non-offset property is good.
- Examples of jojoba oil fatty acid esters include esters such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, glycerin, pentaerythritol, polypropylene glycol, and trimethylolpropane, and in particular, jojoba oil fatty acid pentaerythritol monoester, jojoba oil fatty acid ventane. Erythritol triester, jojoba oil fatty acid trimethylolpropane ester and the like are preferable. Effective for low-temperature fixability.
- Hydrogenated jojoba oil is obtained by hydrogenating jojoba oil to make unsaturated bonds saturated bonds. Low temperature fixability and glossiness can be improved.
- an esterification reaction product of jojoba oil fatty acid and a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin, pentaerythritol, and trimethylolpropane is converted into tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane-4,4'-.
- TDI tolylene diisocyanate
- An isocyanate polymer of jojoba oil fatty acid polyhydric alcohol ester obtained by crosslinking with isocyanate such as disiciocyanate (MDI) can also be preferably used. It is possible to extend the life of the two-component developer with less scavenging on the carrier.
- Keny rating refers to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify sample lg.
- the iodine value refers to the amount of halogen absorbed when a halogen is allowed to act on a sample, expressed in terms of g relative to the sample lOOg. This is the number of grams of iodine absorbed. The larger this value, the higher the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids in the sample.
- the weight of the sample cell is precisely weighed to 0.1 mg (Wlmg), and 10 to 15 mg of the sample is put in this, and precisely weighed to 0.1 mg (W2 mg).
- the measuring device is TGD-3000 manufactured by Vacuum Riko, the heating rate is 10 ° CZmin, the maximum temperature is 220 ° C, and the holding time is lmin.
- the loss on heating is obtained by the following formula.
- one or a combination of two or more hydroxy stearic acid derivatives, glycerin fatty acid esters, glycol fatty acid esters or sorbitan fatty acid esters are also preferred. All uses are also effective. It is possible to create small-sized particles with uniform emulsification and dispersion, together with the second wax. Therefore, it is possible to prevent coarsening of the particle size and to generate toner base particles having a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution.
- Oilless fixing having low-temperature fixing, high glossiness, and translucency can be realized.
- the life of the developer is extended with oilless fixing.
- Hydroxy stearic acid derivatives include methyl 12-hydroxystearate, butyl 12-hydroxystearate, propylene glycol mono 12-hydroxy stearate, glycerin mono 12-hydroxy stearate or ethylene glycol mono 12-hydroxy stearate. Etc. are suitable materials. It has low-temperature fixability, oil separation improvement effect, and photoconductor filming prevention effect in oilless fixing.
- glycerin fatty acid esters include glycerin stearate, glycerin distearate, glycerin tristearate, glycerin monono-remitate, glycerin dino-noremitate, glycerin trino-remitate, glycerin behenate, glycerin dibehenate, glycerin tribenate, and glycerin.
- Mono millistart, glycerin dimyristate or glycerin trimiristart is a suitable material. It has the effect of alleviating cold offset at low temperatures and preventing transfer deterioration in oilless fixing.
- glycol fatty acid esters examples include propylene glycol fatty acid esters such as propylene glycol monopalmitate and propylene glycol monostearate, and ethylene glycolanol fatty acid esters such as ethylene glycol monostearate and ethylene glycol monomonopalmitate. It is a suitable material. Low temperature fixability, good slippage during development and prevention of carrier vent.
- sorbitan fatty acid esters sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tripalmitate, and sorbitan tristearate are suitable materials. Furthermore, it is also possible to use one kind or a combination of two or more kinds of materials such as stearic acid ester of pentaerythritol and mixed esters of adipic acid and stearic acid or oleic acid. It has the effect of improving paper separation in oilless fixing and the effect of preventing photoconductor filming.
- Examples of the first wax include low molecular weight polypropylene wax, low molecular weight polyethylene polyester, polypropylene polyethylene copolymer wax, microcrystalline wax, and paraffin wax.
- Fatty acid hydrocarbon waxes such as in-wax and Fischer-to-push wax can be suitably used.
- a modified wax obtained by reacting a long-chain alkyl alcohol with an unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a synthetic hydrocarbon wax is also preferably used.
- the long-chain alkyl group of the second wax of this modified system preferably has an acid value of 10 to 80 mgKOH / g, preferably 4 to 30! / ,.
- a wax obtained by reacting a long-chain alkylamine with an unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and an unsaturated hydrocarbon wax, or a long-chain fluoroalkyl alcohol and an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof, and A wax obtained by a reaction with an unsaturated hydrocarbon wax can also be suitably used.
- the effects are thought to be an increase in releasing action by long-chain alkyl groups, an improved dispersibility with the resin by ester groups, and an improvement in durability and offset properties by vinyl groups.
- the weight average molecular weight is 1000 to 6000
- the Z average molecular weight is 1500 to 9000
- the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is 1.1 to 3.8
- the ratio of Z average molecular weight to number average molecular weight is 1.5 to 6.5
- 1 X 10 3 to 3 X 10 It preferably has at least one molecular weight maximum peak in the region 4 and has an acid value of 10 to 80 mg KOHZg, a melting point of 80 to 120 ° C., and a penetration force of 25 ° C.
- the weight average molecular weight is 1000 to 5000
- the Z average molecular weight is 1700 to 8000
- the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is 1.1 to 2.8
- the Z average molecular weight is The number average molecular weight ratio (Z-average molecular weight / number-average molecular weight) is 1.5 to 4.5, having at least one molecular weight maximum peak in the region of 1 X 10 3 to 1 X 10 4 , and having an acid value of 10 to 50 mg KOHZg, melting point 85-100 ° C force S preferred, more preferably weight average molecular weight 1000-2500, Z average molecular weight 1900-3000, ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight (weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight ) Is 1.2 to 1.8, and the ratio of Z average molecular weight to number average molecular weight (Z average molecular weight)
- Improvement of high temperature non-offset property in oilless fixing and lowering storage stability Absent This is particularly effective for improving the separation of the paper from the fixing roller and fixing belt in an image in which three layers of color toner are formed on thin paper.
- the melting point When the melting point is less than 80 ° C, the storage stability of the toner is lowered and the high temperature non-offset property is deteriorated. When the melting point is higher than 120 ° C, the low-temperature fixability is weakened and the color glossiness is deteriorated. It becomes difficult to reduce the particle size of the generated particles when the emulsified dispersed particles are generated. If the penetration force is greater than 25 ° C, the toughness will decrease and photoreceptor filming will occur during long-term use.
- the maximum molecular weight peak is located in a range larger than the region of 3 ⁇ 10 4 , the mold release action becomes weak and the high temperature non-offset property decreases. It becomes difficult to reduce the particle size of the generated particles when the emulsified dispersed particles are generated.
- the alcohol used in the modified second wax is octanol (C H OH),
- N-methylhexylamine, noramine, stearyl as amines Amamine or nonadecylamine can be preferably used.
- fluoroalkyl alcohol 1-methoxy- (perfluoro-2-methyl-1-propene), hexafluoroacetone, or 3 perfluorooctyl-1,2 epoxypropane can be suitably used.
- the unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof used in the modified second wax includes maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, citraconic acid, or anhydrous citraconic acid.
- maleic acid and maleic anhydride are more preferable.
- unsaturated hydrocarbon wax ethylene, propylene, a-olefin and the like can be suitably used.
- Unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof is polymerized using alcohol or amine, and then this is synthesized in the presence of diculmi peroxide, tertiary butyl peroxyisopropyl monocarbonate or the like. It can be obtained by adding to a wax.
- Examples of the resin fine particles of the toner of the present embodiment include a thermoplastic binder resin.
- styrenes such as styrene, parachlorostyrene, or ⁇ -methylstyrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, ⁇ propyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, or acrylic monomers such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate , Methacrylic monomers such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, ⁇ -propyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, or 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, sodium styrenesulfonate, etc.
- Ethylenically unsaturated acid monomers acrylonitrile, bur-tolyls such as methacrylo-tolyl, butyl ethers such as butyl methyl ether or butyl isobutyl ether, butyl methyl ketone, butyl ketyl, or butyl isopro Vininoreke such as peninoleketone Tonnes, homopolymers such as monomers such as ethylene, propylene, or olefins such as butadiene, copolymers of two or more of these monomers, or mixtures thereof. Can do.
- Sarabuko is an epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, cellulose resin, polyether resin, etc., non-Bull condensation resin, or the vinyl resin Examples thereof include a mixture with rosin, or a graft polymer obtained by polymerizing a bur monomer in the presence of these.
- the bull-based fats are particularly preferred.
- bur type rosin it is advantageous in that a rosin particle dispersion can be easily prepared by emulsion polymerization or seed polymerization using an ionic surfactant or the like.
- the bull monomers include bur polymer acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, kain cinnamate, fumaric acid, bursulfonic acid, ethyleneimine, bullypyridine, and bulamine, and bur polymers.
- the monomer used as a raw material of a base is mentioned.
- the concentration of the resin particles in the resin particle dispersion is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight.
- the glass transition point of the first resin particles constituting the core particles Is preferably 45 ° C to 60 ° C and has a soft saddle point of 90 ° C to 140 ° C. More preferably, the glass transition point is 45 ° C to 55 ° C, the soft transition point is 90 ° C to 135 ° C, and more preferably, the glass transition point is 45 ° C to 52 ° C, and the softening point is 90 °.
- the structure which is C-130 degreeC is preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 10,000 to 60,000, and the ratio of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) MwZMn is 1.5 to A configuration of 6 is preferred. It is preferable that the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 10,000 to 50,000, and the ratio MwZMn of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) is 1.5 to 3.9. More preferably, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 10,000 to 30,000, and the ratio of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) MwZMn is 1.5 to 3! /.
- the glass transition point of the first resin particles is smaller than 45 ° C, the core particles become coarse. Storage stability and heat resistance are reduced. If it is higher than 55 ° C, the low-temperature fixability deteriorates. When Mw is less than 10,000, the core particles become coarse. Storage stability and heat resistance are reduced. If it exceeds 60,000, the low-temperature fixability deteriorates. If MwZMn is greater than 6, the shape of the core particles is not stable, irregular shapes or irregularities remain on the particle surface, and the surface smoothness is poor.
- the core particles include the first resin particles and the wax, coarsening can be prevented and particles with a narrow particle size distribution can be efficiently generated.
- a resin composition in which the second resin particles are fused to the core particles to form a resin-fused layer is also preferable.
- the resin has a glass transition point of 45 ° C to 65 ° C. ° C, soft spot 140 ° C ⁇ 180 ° C, weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 50,000 ⁇ 500,000, weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average Molecular weight (Mn) ratio MwZMn is preferably 2 to: LO.
- the glass transition point is 50 ° C to 65 ° C
- the soft melting point is 145 ° C to 180 ° C
- the Mw is 80,000 to 500,000
- the MwZMn is 2 to 7.
- the glass transition point is 50 ° C to 60 ° C
- the softening point is 150 ° C to 180 ° C
- the Mw is 120,000 to 500,000
- the MwZMn is 2 to 5.
- the aim is to improve durability, high-temperature offset resistance, and separability by promoting thermal fusion of the core particle surfaces and setting a higher soft saddle point. Secondary agglomeration is likely to occur when the glass transition point of the second resin particles is lower than 45 ° C. Moreover, storage stability deteriorates. When the temperature is higher than 65 ° C, the heat fusion property to the surface of the core particle is deteriorated and the uniform adhesion is deteriorated. If the soft point of the second resin particle is smaller than 140 ° C, durability, high-temperature offset resistance and separability are reduced. When it is higher than 180 ° C, glossiness and translucency are lowered. By making MwZMn small and making the molecular weight distribution close to monodisperse, the thermal fusion of the second resin particles to the core particle surface can be performed uniformly.
- the Mw of the second resin particles is smaller than 50,000, durability, high-temperature non-offset property, and paper separation property are deteriorated. If it exceeds 500,000, the low-temperature fixability, glossiness, and translucency deteriorate.
- the first resin particles are preferably 60 wt% or more, more preferably 70 wt% or more, and still more preferably 80 wt% or more, based on the total toner resin.
- the molecular weights of the resin, wax and toner are values measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using several types of monodisperse polystyrene as standard samples.
- the instrument is HLC8120GPC series manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, the column is TSKgel superHM—H H4000 / H3000 / H2000 (6. Omml. D. — 150mmX 3), eluent THF (Terahi (Drofuran), flow rate 0.6 mLZmin, sample concentration 0.1%, injection volume 20 L, detector RI, measurement temperature 40 ° C, pre-measurement treatment was performed after dissolving the sample in THF and leaving it at a glance for 0.45 m Filter through a membrane filter and measure the rosin component from which silica and other additives have been removed.
- the measurement conditions are conditions in which the molecular weight distribution of the target sample is included in a range in which the logarithm of the molecular weight and the count number are linear in the calibration curve obtained with several types of monodisperse polystyrene standard samples.
- the wax obtained by the reaction with a long-chain alkyl alcohol, an unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof, and a synthetic hydrocarbon wax was measured by using the equipment manufactured by WATERS GP C-150C and the column by Shodex HT. — 806M (8. Omml. D. — 30cm X 2), eluent is o-dichlorobenzene, flow rate is 1. OmL / min, sample concentration is 0.3%, injection volume is 200 L, detector is RI, Measurement temperature is 130 ° C. Pre-measurement treatment is 0.
- the soft spot of the binder resin is measured by heating a sample of 1 cm 3 at a heating rate of 6 ° C / min using a constant-load extrusion type capillary rheometer flow tester (CFT500) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- CFT500 constant-load extrusion type capillary rheometer flow tester
- a load of about 9.8 X 10 5 N / m 2 is applied by the plunger and pushed out from a die with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 1 mm, and the temperature rise characteristic in relation to the piston stroke and temperature of this plunger From the relationship, the temperature at which the piston stroke starts to rise is the outflow start temperature (Tfb), and 1Z2 is calculated as the difference between the minimum value of the curve and the outflow end point, and the temperature at the point where the minimum value of the curve is added is calculated using the 1Z2 method.
- the glass transition point of the resin was raised to 100 ° C using a differential scanning calorimeter (Shimadzu DSC-50), allowed to stand at that temperature for 3 minutes, and then lowered to room temperature at a temperature drop rate of 10 ° CZmin.
- a differential scanning calorimeter Shiadzu DSC-50
- the maximum line between the baseline extension below the glass transition point and the peak rising partial force peak peak Says the temperature of the intersection with the tangent indicating the slope.
- Endothermic peak temperature (melting point ° C) by DSC of wax was raised to 200 ° C at 5 ° CZmin using a differential scanning calorimeter (Shimadzu DSC-50) and kept at 10 ° C for 5 minutes. After quenching, 1 After standing for 5 minutes, the temperature was raised at 5 ° C. Zmin, and the endothermic (melting) peak was obtained. The amount of sample put into the cell was 10 mg ⁇ 2 mg.
- the black pigment a metal complex of carbon black, iron black, graphite, niggincin, or azo dye can be preferably used.
- Yellow pigments include CI Pigment Yellow 1,3,74,97 or 98 acetoacetate arylamide monoazo yellow pigments, CI Pigment 'Yellow 12,12,14,17 etc.acetoacetate allylamide disazo yellow pigments CI Solven Yellow 19, 77, 79 or CI Disperse Yellow 164 is particularly preferred, and CI pigment 'Yellow 93, 180, 185 Benz imidazolone pigments are preferred.
- magenta pigments As magenta pigments, CI pigment red 48, 49: 1, 53: 1, 57, 57: 1, 81, 122, 5 etc. red pigment, CI solvent 'red 49, 52, 58, 8 etc. red Dyes are preferably used.
- red pigment blue dyes such as phthalocyanines and derivatives thereof such as C. I. Biggent 'Blue 15: 3 can be preferably used. The added amount is preferably 3 to 8 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- the median diameter of each particle is usually 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the median diameter exceeds 1 ⁇ m, the particle size distribution of the finally obtained toner for developing an electrostatic image is widened, or free particles are generated, which tends to deteriorate performance and reliability.
- the median diameter is within the above range, there are no disadvantages, and the uneven distribution between the toners is reduced, the dispersion in the toner is improved, and the performance and reliability fluctuations are reduced.
- the median diameter can be measured, for example, using a Horiba laser diffraction particle size measuring instrument (LA 920).
- inorganic fine powder is mixed and added as an external additive.
- external additives include silica, alumina, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesia, ferrite, magnetite and other metal oxide fine powders, barium titanate, calcium titanate, titanates such as strontium titanate, barium zirconate, A mixture of these is used, such as calcium zirconate and strontium zirconate.
- External additives are hydrophobic if necessary Is processed.
- silicone oil-based material to be treated as an external additive the one shown in (ii) is preferable.
- R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen-modified alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a substituted vinyl group
- R ′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl group of 3 or an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, m and ⁇ are integers of 1 or more and 100 or less,
- a random copolymer is shown as a whole. )
- dimethyl silicone oil methyl hydrogen silicone oil, methyl phenol
- -Silicone oil Cyclic dimethyl silicone oil, Epoxy-modified silicone oil, Carboxyl-modified silicone oil, Carbinol-modified silicone oil, Metal-modified silicone oil, Mercapto-modified silicone oil, Polyether-modified silicone oil, Methylstyryl-modified silicone oil, An external additive that is treated with at least one of alkyl-modified silicone oil, fluorine-modified silicone oil, amino-modified silicone oil, and chlor-modified silicone oil is preferably used. Examples include SH200, SH510, SF230, SH203, BY16-823 or BY16-855B manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicone.
- Treatment is a method of mixing external additives and materials such as silicone oil with a mixer such as a Henschel mixer (FM 20B manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.), or a method of spraying silicone oil-based materials onto the external additives
- a mixer such as a Henschel mixer (FM 20B manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.)
- a method of spraying silicone oil-based materials onto the external additives There is a method in which a silicone oil-based material is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, mixed with an external additive, and then removed to remove the solvent. It is preferable that 1 to 20 parts by weight of the silicone oil-based material is blended with respect to 100 parts by weight of the external additive.
- silane coupling agents include dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, aryldimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, arylphenyldichlorosilane, benzylmethylchlorosilane, and vinyltriethoxysilane.
- ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, divinylchlorosilane or dimethylvinyl Chlorsilane or the like can be preferably used.
- the silane coupling agent treatment is a dry treatment in which the vaporized silane coupling agent is reacted with the external additive made into a cloud by stirring or the like, or a silane coupling agent in which the external additive is dispersed in a solvent is dropped. It is processed by the wet method to react.
- the external additive having positive electrode chargeability is treated with aminosilane, amino-modified silicone oil or epoxy-modified silicone oil represented by the following formula (Chemical Formula 2).
- R 1 and R s are hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, or an aryl group,
- R 2 is an alkylene group having 3 to 3 carbon atoms, or a phenylene group
- R 3 is an organic group containing a nitrogen heterocycle
- R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or an aryl group,
- n and q are positive integers including 0, n + 1 is a positive number greater than 1,
- a random copolymer is shown as a whole. )
- silicone oil treatments are preferable.
- fatty acids it is also preferable to treat the surface of the external additive with one or more types (hereinafter referred to as fatty acids).
- Surface-treated silica or acid titanium fine powder is more preferable.
- Examples of fatty acids or fatty acid metal salts include strong prillic acid, strong purine acid, undecyl acid, lauric acid, myristylic acid, parimitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, montanic acid, rataceric acid, oleic acid, and L strong acid , Sorbic acid or linoleic acid. Of these, fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms are preferred.
- Examples of the metal constituting the fatty acid metal salt include aluminum, zinc, calcium, magnesium, lithium, sodium, lead, and sodium. Among these, aluminum, zinc, and sodium are preferable. Particularly preferred is aluminum distearate (Al (OH) (CH
- dimonofatty acids such as aluminum monostearate (A1 ( ⁇ H) (C H COO)), etc.
- Lumi-um and mono fatty acid aluminum are preferred. Having an OH group prevents overcharge and suppresses transfer defects. In addition, it is considered that processability with external additives is improved during processing.
- Examples of the aliphatic amide include carbons such as palmitic acid amide, palmitoleic acid amide, stearic acid amide, oleic acid amide, arachidic acid amide, eicosenoic acid amide, behenic acid amide, erucic acid amide, or lignolinoselic acid amide.
- a saturated or monovalent unsaturated aliphatic amide having the number 16-24 is preferably used.
- fatty acid esters include stearyl stearate, palmityl palmitate, bearyl behenate, stearyl montanate, and the like, and esters having higher strength with higher alcohols having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and higher fatty acids having 16 to 24 carbon atoms.
- Esters of higher fatty acids having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and lower monoalcohols such as butyl stearate, isobutyl behenate, propyl montanate or 2-ethylhexyl oleate, or fatty acid pentaerythritol monoester, fatty acid Pentaerythritol triester or fatty acid trimethylolpropane ester is preferably used.
- the surface of the external additive to be treated is treated with a coupling agent and polysiloxane such as Z or silicone oil and then treated with a fatty acid or the like.
- a coupling agent and polysiloxane such as Z or silicone oil
- a fatty acid or the like is treated with a coupling agent and polysiloxane such as Z or silicone oil.
- Fatty acid or the like, hydrocarbon organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, hexane or isopar It is dissolved in an external additive such as silica, titanium oxide, alumina, etc., and is wet-mixed by a disperser and adhered to the surface of the external additive by a treatment agent, followed by surface treatment, and then the solvent is stored. It is generated by leaving and performing a drying process.
- an external additive such as silica, titanium oxide, alumina, etc.
- the mixing ratio of the polysiloxane and the fatty acid or the like is preferably 1: 2 to 20: 1.
- the amount of fatty acid or the like is larger than the ratio force S1: 2
- the charge amount of the external additive becomes high, the image density is lowered, and charge-up is likely to occur in the two-component development.
- the amount of fatty acid or the like is less than 20: 1, the effect on transfer loss and reverse transferability decreases.
- the loss on ignition of the external additive whose surface is treated with a fatty acid or the like is preferably 1.5 to 25 wt%. More preferably, it is 5-25 wt%, More preferably, it is 8-20 wt%. 1. If it is less than 5 wt%, the function of the treating agent will not be sufficiently exerted, and the effect of improving the chargeability and transferability will not be exhibited. If it exceeds 25 wt%, there will be untreated agent, which will adversely affect developability and durability.
- the surface of the toner base particles produced by the present invention is formed only with a resin, and therefore, it is advantageous in terms of charge uniformity. This is because compatibility with the external additive to be used is important with respect to retention.
- Average particle size 6 ⁇ ! A configuration in which 1 to 6 parts by weight of an external additive having a thickness of ⁇ 200 nm is externally added to 100 parts by weight of toner base particles is preferable. If the average particle size is smaller than 6 nm, filming on suspended particles and the photoconductor is likely to occur. The occurrence of reverse transcription during transcription cannot be suppressed. If it exceeds 200 nm, the fluidity of the toner deteriorates. If it is less than 1 part by weight, the fluidity of the toner will deteriorate. The occurrence of reverse transcription during transcription cannot be suppressed. If the amount exceeds 6 parts by weight, floating particles and filming on the photoconductor are likely to occur. High temperature non-offset property is deteriorated.
- the external additive having an average particle size of 6 nm to 20 nm is 0.5 to 2.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles, and the external additive having an average particle diameter of 20 nm to 200 nm is the toner base particles.
- a configuration in which at least 0.5 to 3.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight is externally added is also preferable.
- the ignition loss of the external additive having an average particle diameter of 6 nm to 20 nm is preferably 0.5 to 20 wt%, and the ignition loss of the average particle diameter of 20 nm to 200 nm is preferably 1.5 to 25 wt%.
- Average particle size is 20nm ⁇ 200nm Ignition loss, average particle size 6 ⁇ !
- Average particle size 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ! If the loss on ignition at ⁇ 20nm is less than 0.5wt%, the transfer margin for reverse transfer and hollow out becomes narrow. If it exceeds 20wt%, the surface treatment becomes uneven.
- the loss on ignition is 1.5 to 17 wt%, more preferably 4 to
- the loss on ignition with an average particle size of 20 nm to 200 nm is less than 1.5 wt%, the transfer margin for reverse transfer and hollow out becomes narrow. If it exceeds 25 wt%, the surface treatment will become uneven, resulting in uneven charging.
- the ignition loss is preferably 2.5 to 20 wt%, more preferably 5 to 15 wt%.
- the average particle size is 6 ⁇ !
- External additive with ⁇ 20nm and loss on ignition of 0.5 ⁇ 20wt% is 0.5 ⁇ 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner base particles, and average particle size is 20 ⁇ ! ⁇ 100nm, ignition loss of 1.5 ⁇ 25wt% 0.5 ⁇ 3.5 parts by weight of toner based on 100 parts by weight of toner base particles, average particle size ⁇ !
- the composition of the functionally separated external additive that specifies the average particle size and loss on ignition increases the charge imparting property, charge retention, reverse transfer during transfer, and improvement of voids, as well as attachment to the surface of the carrier. Effective for removing kimono.
- the average particle size is 6 ⁇ !
- a configuration in which 0.2 to 1.5 parts by weight of an external additive having a positive charging property of ⁇ 200 nm and a loss on ignition of 0.5 to 25 wt% is further added to 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles is also preferable. .
- the effect of adding an external additive having a positive charging property can prevent the toner from being overcharged during long-term continuous use, thereby further extending the developer life. Furthermore, the effect of suppressing scattering during transfer due to overcharging can also be obtained. In addition, the spent on the carrier can be prevented. If the amount is less than 0.2 parts by weight, it is difficult to obtain the effect. 1. If it exceeds 5 parts by weight, The fog increases.
- the ignition loss is preferably 1.5 to 20 wt%, more preferably 5 to 19 wt%.
- Loss on drying (%) [Weight loss on drying (g) Z sample weight (g)] X 100
- Loss on ignition (%) [Loss on ignition (g) Z sample amount (g)] X 100
- the moisture absorption amount of the treated external additive is 1 wt% or less. Preferably it is 0.5 wt% or less, more preferably 0.1 wt% or less, and even more preferably 0.05 wt% or less. If it exceeds lwt%, the chargeability is lowered, and filming on the photoconductor during durability is caused.
- the water adsorption amount was measured with a continuous vapor adsorption device (BELSORP18: Nippon Bell Co., Ltd.) for the water adsorption device.
- toner base particles having a volume average particle diameter of 3 to 7 ⁇ m and a particle diameter of 2.52 to 4 ⁇ m in the number distribution of the toner base particles including a binder resin, a colorant, and a wax.
- the toner base particles containing toner base particles of 5% by volume or less and having a particle size of 4 to 6.06 m in the volume distribution are 46 and the particle size of 4 to 6.06 m in the number distribution.
- the coefficient of variation in volume average particle size is 10 to 25%, and the coefficient of variation in number particle size distribution.
- the force S is preferably 10 to 28%.
- the toner base particles have a volume average particle size of 3 to 6.5 m, and the content of toner base particles having a particle size of 2.52 to 4111 in the number distribution is 20 to 75% by number, volume.
- Toner base particles having a particle size of 4 to 6.06 111 in the distribution are 35 to 75% by volume, and toner base particles having a particle size of 8 ⁇ m or more in the volume distribution are contained in 3% by volume or less.
- the P46ZV46 force is preferably in the range of 5 to 1.3
- the coefficient of variation in volume average particle size is preferably 10 to 20%
- the coefficient of variation in number particle size distribution is preferably 10 to 23%.
- the toner base particles have a volume average particle diameter of 3 to 5 ⁇ m, and the number distribution of toner base particles having a particle diameter of 2.5 to 4 111. 45% to 75% by volume of toner base particles having a particle size of 4 to 6.06 ⁇ m in the volume distribution, and 3% by volume or less of toner base particles having a particle size of 8 ⁇ m or more in the volume distribution.
- the P46ZV46 force is in the range of 0.5 to 0.9, the coefficient of variation in volume average particle size is 10 to 15%, and the coefficient of variation in number particle size distribution is 10 to 18%.
- the fine powder in the toner affects the fluidity of the toner, image quality, storage stability, filming on the photoconductor, developing roller and transfer body, aging characteristics, transferability, and in particular, multi-layer transfer in the tandem system. In addition, it affects the non-offset property, glossiness, and translucency of oilless fixing. In toners that contain wax such as wax to achieve oil-less fixing, the amount of fine powder affects the balance with tandem transferability.
- volume average particle size exceeds 7 m, it is impossible to achieve both image quality and transfer.
- volume average particle size is less than 3 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to handle toner particles during development.
- toner base particles having a particle size of 2.54 to 4 m in the number distribution is less than 10%, both image quality and transfer cannot be achieved. When it exceeds 75% by number, it becomes difficult to handle the toner base particles during development. In addition, filming on the photosensitive member, developing roller, and transfer member is likely to occur. In addition, fine powder has high adhesion to the heat roller, so There is a tendency to sneeze. Also, in the tandem system, toner aggregation tends to be strong.
- Transfer failure of the second color is likely to occur during multi-layer transfer. An appropriate range is required.
- toner base particles having a particle size of 8 ⁇ m or more in the volume distribution exceeds 5% by volume, the image quality deteriorates. Causes transfer failure.
- the volume percentage of toner base particles having a particle size of 4 to 6.06 m in the volume distribution is 46. /.
- P46ZV46 when force. Less than 5, fine abundance becomes excessive, lowering of fluidity, deterioration of transferability, fogging becomes worse.
- it is larger than 5 many large particles exist and the particle size distribution becomes broad, and high image quality cannot be achieved.
- P46ZV46 can be used as an index for making toner particles small and narrowing the particle size distribution.
- the coefficient of variation is obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the toner particle diameter by the average particle diameter. This is based on the particle diameter measured using a Coulter Counter (Coulter).
- the standard deviation is expressed as the square root of the value obtained by dividing the square of the difference from the average value of each measured value by dividing (n-1) when measuring n particle systems.
- the coefficient of variation represents the extent of the particle size distribution. If the coefficient of variation of the volume particle size distribution is less than 10% or the coefficient of variation of the number particle size distribution is less than 10%, it is difficult to produce. This is difficult and causes cost increase. If the coefficient of variation in volume particle size distribution is greater than 25%, or if the coefficient of variation in number particle size distribution is greater than 28%, the particle size distribution becomes broad and toner cohesion increases, and filming and transfer to the photoconductor It is difficult to collect residual toner in a defective, cleaner-less process.
- the particle size distribution is measured using a Coulter Counter TA-II (Coulter Counter Co., Ltd.), connected to an interface (manufactured by Nikkiki) that outputs the number distribution and volume distribution, and a personal computer. Electrolytic solution with a surfactant (sodium lauryl sulfate) added to a concentration of 1% Approximately 2 mg of the measured toner is added to about 50 ml, and the sample is suspended in the electrolytic solution. Used an ultrasonic disperser for about 3 minutes, and a Coulter Counter TA-II aperture with a 70 ⁇ m aperture was used. With a 70 ⁇ m aperture system, the particle size distribution measurement range is 1.26 m to 50.8 m. The force of less than 2.0 m has low measurement accuracy and measurement reproducibility due to external noise and other factors. Because, it is not practical. Therefore, the measurement area was set to 2.0 ⁇ m to 50.8 ⁇ m.
- the degree of compression is calculated from the static bulk density and the dynamic bulk density, and is one of the indicators of toner fluidity. Toner fluidity is affected by the toner particle size distribution, toner particle shape, external additives, and the type and amount of wax. If the toner particle size distribution is narrow and the amount of fine powder is small, the toner surface is uneven and the shape is close to a sphere, the amount of external additive added is large, or the particle size of the external additive is small, the degree of compression will be It becomes smaller and the fluidity of the toner becomes higher.
- the degree of compression is preferably 5 to 40%. More preferably, it is 10 to 30%. It is possible to achieve both oilless fixing and tandem multi-layer transfer.
- a carrier containing magnetic particles whose core material surface is coated with a fluorine-modified silicone resin containing an aminosilane coupling agent is preferably used.
- composite magnetic particles having at least magnetic particles and a binder resin, the surfaces of the magnetic particles being coated with a resin made of a fluorine-modified silicone resin containing an aminosilane coupling agent.
- the carrier is more preferably used.
- the binder resin constituting the magnetic particles is preferably a thermosetting resin.
- Thermosetting resins include phenolic resins, epoxy resins, polyamide resins, melamine resins, urea resins, unsaturated polyester resins, alkyd resins, xylene resins, acetate guanamine resins, and furan resins.
- silicone resin, polyimide resin, and urethane resin are examples of silicone resins, and these resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but preferably contain at least phenol resin. /.
- the composite particles in the present invention preferably have a spherical shape with an average particle diameter of preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 40 m, still more preferably 10 to 30 m, and most preferably 15 to 30 m. Particles are preferred. Further, the specific gravity is 2.5 to 4.5, particularly 2.5 to 4.0, and the BET specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption of the carrier is preferably 0.03 to 0.3 m 2 Zg. When the average particle size of the carrier is less than 10 m, the abundance of fine particles increases in the carrier particle distribution, and the carrier particles have a low magnetic field per carrier particle, so that the carrier is easily developed on the photoreceptor. Become.
- the average particle of the carrier exceeds 50 m, the specific surface area force of the carrier particle becomes small and the toner holding power becomes weak, so that toner scattering occurs.
- the full color with many solid parts is not preferable because the solid part is particularly difficult to reproduce.
- a carrier having a conventional ferrite-based core particle has a large specific gravity of 5 to 6 and a large particle diameter of 50 to 80 / ⁇ ⁇ , and thus has a small BET specific surface area.
- the charge build-up property when the toner was replenished was insufficient and a large amount of toner was consumed, and when a large amount of toner was replenished, there was a tendency for fog to occur frequently. If the density ratio between the toner and the carrier is not controlled within a narrow range, it is difficult to achieve both reduction in toner scattering due to the image density.
- the TSZCS satisfies the relationship of 2 to 110, thereby stabilizing the image quality. It is possible to improve sex. Preferably it is 2-50, More preferably, it is 2-30. If it is less than 2, carrier adhesion tends to occur. On the other hand, if it is larger than 110, the density ratio between the toner and the carrier for reducing both the image density, fogging and toner scattering is reduced, and the image quality is liable to deteriorate.
- the conventional carrier having ferrite-based core particles has a small specific surface area, and the conventional pulverized toner has an irregular shape and a large specific surface area.
- the composite magnetic particles are obtained by reacting and curing phenols and aldehydes in the presence of magnetic particles and a basic catalyst while stirring phenols and aldehydes in an aqueous medium. It can be produced by a method of producing magnetic particles containing magnetic particles and phenolic resin.
- the control of the average particle diameter of the obtained composite magnetic particles can be adjusted by adjusting the stirring blade peripheral speed of the stirring device so that appropriate cutting and consolidation are applied depending on the amount of water used. It is.
- the production of composite particles using epoxy resin as binder resin includes, for example, dispersing bisphenols and epino, rhohydrin and lipophilic inorganic compound particle powder in an aqueous medium, The method of making it react in an alkaline aqueous medium is mentioned.
- the content of the binder ⁇ is Noinda ⁇ 1 to 20 mass 0/0 and the magnetic particles 80 to 99 weight 0/0 is it is good Better ,.
- the content of the magnetic particles is less than 80 wt%, the saturation magnetic flux value becomes small, and when it exceeds 99 wt%, the binding between the magnetic particles due to the phenol resin tends to be weak.
- the strength of the composite magnetic particles it is preferably 97 wt% or less.
- Examples of magnetic fine particles include spinel ferrite such as magnetite and gamma acid pig iron, and spinel ferrite and barium containing one or more metals other than iron (Mn, Ni, Zn, Mg, Cu, etc.).
- Magnetoplannoite type ferrite such as ferrite, and iron or alloy fine particle powder having an oxide layer on the surface can be used.
- the shape may be any of granular, spherical and acicular.
- ferromagnetic fine particle powder such as iron can be used.
- spinel ferrite and barium ferrite containing magnetite and gamma iron oxide are used. It is preferred to use a ferromagnetic fine particle powder of magnetoplumbite type ferrite.
- the magnetization strength is 30 to 70 Am 2 Zkg, preferably 35 to 60 Am 2 Zkg
- the residual magnetization ( ⁇ r) is 0.1 to 20A m 2 / kg, preferably 0.1 ⁇ : LOAm 2 / kg
- specific resistance value is 1 X 10 6 to 1 X 10 14 Q cm, preferably 5 X 10 6 to 5 X 10 13 ⁇ cm, More preferably, it is 5 ⁇ 10 6 to 5 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ cm. It is preferable.
- phenols and aldehydes are reacted in an aqueous medium in the presence of a basic catalyst in the presence of magnetic particles and a suspension stabilizer.
- the phenols used here include, in addition to phenol, m-cresol, p-tert-butylphenol, o-propylphenol, resorcinol, alkylphenols such as bisphenol A, and benzene nucleus or alkyl group.
- phenol is most preferred.
- phenol is most preferable. if shape is taken into account, phenol is most preferable. .
- aldehydes used in the method for producing composite particles in the present invention power formaldehyde including formaldehyde and furfural in any form of formalin or paraformaldehyde is particularly preferred.
- a fluorine-modified silicone resin is essential.
- a crosslinkable fluorine-modified silicone resin obtained by reacting a perfluoroalkyl group-containing organosilicon compound with polyorganosiloxane is preferred.
- the blending ratio of the polyorganosiloxane and the perfluoroalkyl group-containing organic key compound is 3 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the polyorganosiloxane. It is preferable that there is.
- the adhesion of composite magnetic particles in which magnetic particles are dispersed in a curable resin is strengthened, and the effect of improving durability is exhibited along with the chargeability described later.
- the polyorganosiloxane preferably has at least one repeating unit selected from the following formulas (Formula 3) and (Formula 4):
- R ′ and R 2 are hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxy group, methoxy group, alkyl group or phenyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 3 and R 4 are alkyl groups or phenyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M represents an average degree of polymerization and represents a positive integer (preferably in the range of 2 to 500, more preferably in the range of 5 to 200).
- R ′ and R 2 are hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxy group, methoxy group, alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl group, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are carbon atoms, respectively. 1 to 4 alkyl groups or phenyl groups, n is an average degree of polymerization and is a positive integer (preferably in the range of 2 to 500, more preferably in the range of 5 to 200)
- organosilicon compounds containing perfluoroalkyl groups include CF CH CH Si (O
- an aminosilane coupling agent is contained in the coated resin layer.
- This aminosilane coupling agent may be a known one, such as ⁇ - (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-aminoethyl) aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane, octadecylmethyl [3 — (Trimethoxysilyl) propyl) ammonium chloride (Kamiforce et al.
- SH6020, SZ6023, AY43— 021 Both are trade names manufactured by Toray Dauko-Nungsirico Ion), KBM602, KBM603, KBE903, KBM573 (Shin-Etsu Silicone) (Product name), etc.
- 1st grade amine is preferred.
- a secondary or tertiary amine substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenol group, or the like has little effect on the charge rising force with a toner having a weak polarity.
- the amino group is an aminomethyl group, aminoethyl When it comes to the amino group and aminophenol group, the most advanced silane coupling agent is the primary amine.
- the amino group in the linear organic group that extends the silane force does not contribute to the charge rise characteristics with the toner, and conversely is affected by moisture at high humidity. Although it has a charge imparting ability, the charge imparting ability decreases at the time of printing and eventually the life is shortened.
- aminosilane coupling agent in combination with a fluorine-modified silicone resin, negative chargeability can be imparted to the toner while ensuring a sharp charge amount distribution,
- the toner has a quick charge rising property with respect to the replenished toner, and the toner consumption can be reduced.
- the aminosilane coupling agent exhibits an effect like a cross-linking agent, improves the degree of cross-linking of the fluorine-modified silicone resin layer, which is the base resin, further improves the coating resin hardness, and wears and peels off after long-term use. Etc.
- the toner composition in which the second resin particles are fused to the core particles to form a resin-fused layer the charge rising property is improved, the fog is reduced, the solid image uniformity is improved, and the transfer is performed. Character skipping and dropouts are improved, handling within the developer is improved, and a history remains after solid images are collected, reducing the amount of development memory.
- the use ratio of the aminosilane coupling agent is 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, based on the fat. If the amount is less than 5% by weight, the effect of the aminosilane coupling agent is insufficient. If the amount exceeds 40% by weight, the crosslinking degree of the resin coating layer becomes too high, and it is easy to cause a charge-up phenomenon. May cause image defects.
- the resin coating layer may contain conductive fine particles.
- Conductive fine particles include oil furnace carbon and carbon black of acetylene black, semiconductive oxides such as titanium oxide and zinc oxide, powder surfaces of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, aluminum borate, potassium titanate, etc. And tin oxide coated with carbon black, metal, etc., with a specific resistance of 10 1 (> ⁇ 'cm or less is preferred.
- the content is 1 to 15 wt. It is preferable that the conductive fine particles have a certain amount of the resin coating layer. If it is contained, the filler effect will improve the hardness of the resin coating layer.
- the content exceeds 15% by weight, the formation of the resin coating layer will be hindered and the adhesiveness will decrease. Become. Furthermore, the excessive content of the conductive fine particles in the full color developer causes the color stain of toner transferred and fixed on the paper surface.
- the method for forming the coating layer on the composite magnetic particles is not particularly limited, for example, a known coating method, for example, an immersion method in which a powder that is a composite magnetic particle is immersed in a solution for forming a coating layer, film Spray method of spraying the layer forming solution onto the surface of the composite magnetic particles, Fluidized bed method of spraying the solution for forming the coating layer in a state where the composite magnetic particles are suspended by the flowing air, and the composite magnetic particles and the coating in the kneader coater Mixing the solution for layer formation and removing the solvent-In addition to wet coating methods such as the one-coater method, powdered resin and composite magnetic particles are mixed at high speed, and the friction heat is used to make the resin powder.
- a known coating method for example, an immersion method in which a powder that is a composite magnetic particle is immersed in a solution for forming a coating layer, film Spray method of spraying the layer forming solution onto the surface of the composite magnetic particles, Fluidized bed method of spraying the solution for
- Examples include any of the dry coating methods in which the surface of the composite magnetic particles is fused and coated, and any of these can be applied.
- the present invention is suitable for coating fluorine-modified silicone-based resins containing an aminosilane coupling agent. And wet The covering method is particularly preferably used.
- the solvent used in the coating layer forming coating solution is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the coated resin, and can be selected so as to be compatible with the coated resin used.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene
- ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane can be used.
- baking treatment There are no particular restrictions on the means of treatment, either external heating or internal heating, for example fixed or fluidized electric furnaces, rotary kiln electric furnaces, Pana-furnace or microwave It can be burned.
- the temperature of the baking treatment it is preferable to treat at a high temperature of 200 to 350 ° C in order to efficiently express the effect of fluorine silicone that improves the spent resistance of the resin coating layer. More preferably, it is 220-280 ° C.
- the treatment time is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 hours. If the treatment temperature is low, the hardness of the coated resin itself is lowered. If the processing temperature is too high, charge reduction occurs.
- an AC bias is applied between the photoreceptor and the developing roller together with a DC bias.
- the frequency at that time is l to 10 kHz, the AC bias is 1.0 to 2.5 kV (p-p), and the peripheral speed ratio between the photosensitive member and the developing roller is 1: 1.2 to 1: 2. It is preferable. More preferably, the frequency is 3.5 to 8 kHz, the AC bias is 1.2 to 2. OkV (p—p), and the peripheral speed ratio between the photosensitive member and the developing roller is 1: 1.5 to 1: 1. 8 is. More preferably, the frequency is 5.5 to 7 kHz, the AC bias is 1.5 to 2. OkV (pp), and the peripheral speed ratio between the photoconductor and the image roller is 1: 1.6-1 to 1. : 1. 8
- this embodiment has a plurality of toner image forming stations including a photosensitive member, a charging unit, and a toner carrier, and visualizes an electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier.
- a primary transfer process in which an endless transfer body is brought into contact with the image carrier and transferred to the transfer body is sequentially performed to form a transfer toner image on the transfer body, Thereafter, in the transfer process configured to execute a secondary transfer process in which the multilayer toner image formed on the transfer body is collectively transferred to a transfer medium such as paper or OHP, the first primary transfer position force
- the transfer position configuration is dl / v ⁇ 0.65.
- the toner of a specific particle size is selectively developed during repeated use, and if the flowability of each toner particle is significantly different, the chance of tribocharging is different, resulting in variations in charge amount and more transferability. It will cause deterioration.
- the charge distribution is stabilized, the toner is prevented from being overcharged, and the fluidity fluctuation can be suppressed.
- transfer efficiency decreases without sacrificing the fixing characteristics, character dropout during transfer, and reverse rotation. Copying can be prevented.
- oil is not used as a means for fixing toner, and it is preferably used for an electrophotographic apparatus having a fixing process having an oil-less fixing configuration.
- the heating means electromagnetic induction heating is preferred from the viewpoint of shortening the warm-up time and saving energy.
- This is a configuration in which a transfer medium such as a copy paper having a toner transferred between the rotary heating member and the rotary pressure member is passed and fixed by using a heating and pressing means.
- a configuration using a fixing belt in which a heating member and a fixing member are separated is preferably used.
- a heat resistant belt such as a nickel electric belt or a polyimide belt having heat resistance and deformability is preferably used.
- silicone rubber, fluororubber or fluorocarbon resin it is preferable to use silicone rubber, fluororubber or fluorocarbon resin as the surface layer.
- the toner With the toner having releasability without using oil, it is no longer necessary to apply release oil. However, if the release oil is not applied, the toner may jump due to the effect of charging when the toner image is immediately charged and the unfixed toner image comes close to the heating member or the fixing member. It tends to occur especially at low temperatures and low humidity.
- the toner of this embodiment low-temperature fixing and a wide range of offset resistance can be realized without using oil, and high color translucency can be obtained. Further, the toner can be prevented from being overcharged, and toner flying due to the charging action with the heating member or the fixing member can be suppressed.
- the average particle size is 50 ⁇ m, and the applied magnetic field is 238.74 kA / m (3000 ellstats) Ferrite particles with a saturation magnetization of 65Am 2 Zkg were used.
- Fluorine-modified silicone resin was obtained. Furthermore, 100 g of the fluorine-modified silicone resin and 10 g of aminosilane coupling agent ( ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane) were weighed and dissolved in 300 cc of toluene solvent.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are methyl groups, and m is the average degree of polymerization, which is 100.
- R 1 , R 2 , 3 , R 4 , 5 , R 6 are methyl groups, and ⁇ is the average degree of polymerization, which is 80.
- the carrier core material AlOkg was coated using an immersion drying type coating apparatus by stirring the coated resin solution for 20 minutes. After that, baking was performed at 260 ° C for 1 hour to obtain carrier A1.
- Carrier A1 is a spherical particle with a spherical magnetite particle content of 80.4% by mass, an average particle diameter of 30 m, a specific gravity of 3.05, a magnetization value of 61 Am 2 / kg, and a volume specific resistance. 3 10 90 «11, specific surface area was 0.098 m 2 / g.
- carrier production example 2 In Production Example 1, carrier core material B is used and CF CH CH Si (OCH) is replaced with CF CH
- Carrier B1 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that it was changed to CH 3 Si (OCH 3).
- Carrier B1 is a spherical particle with a spherical magnetite particle content of 88.4 mass%, an average particle diameter of 45 ⁇ m, a specific gravity of 3.56, and a magnetization value of 65 Am 2 Zkg, volume.
- the specific resistance was 8 10 1 ° 0 «! 1, and the specific surface area was 0.057 m 2 / g.
- Production Example 1 is the same as Production Example 1 except that Carrier Core C is used and conductive carbon (EC made by Ketjen Black International) is dispersed in a ball mill at 5 wt% based on the solid content of the resin.
- Carrier C1 was manufactured in the same process.
- Carrier C1 is a spherical particle with a spherical magnetite particle content of 92.5% by mass, an average particle diameter of 48 ⁇ m, a specific gravity of 3.98, and a magnetization value of 69 Am 2 Zkg, volume.
- the specific resistance was 2 10 7 0 «11 and the specific surface area was 0.043 m 2 / g.
- Carrier A2 was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the amount of aminosilane coupling agent added in Production Example 1 was changed to 30 g.
- Carrier A2 is a spherical particle with a spherical magnetite content of 80.4% by mass, an average particle size of 30 m, a specific gravity of 3.05, and a magnetization value of 61 Am 2 / kg, volume.
- the specific resistance was 2 ⁇ 10 1Q Q cm and the specific surface area was 0.01 m 2 / g.
- a core material was produced and coated in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the amount of aminosilane coupling agent added was changed to 50 g, and carrier al was obtained.
- a coating resin 100 g of acrylic modified silicone resin (KR-9706 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was weighed by solid conversion and dissolved in 300 cc of toluene solvent.
- the ferrite particles dlOkg were coated by using the immersion drying type coating apparatus and stirring the coated resin solution for 20 minutes. After that, baking was performed at 210 ° C for 1 hour to obtain carrier d3.
- Table 1 shows the characteristics of the used fat. Mn is the number average molecular weight, Mw is the weight average molecular weight, Mz is the Z average molecular weight, Mp is the peak molecular weight, Tm (° C) is the soft point, and Tg (° C) is the glass transition point. Styrene, n-butyl acrylate and acrylic acid indicate the amount (g).
- Table 2 shows the ratio of nonionic amount (g), anionic amount (g) and nonionic amount to the total amount of surfactant used in each resin dispersion.
- a monomer solution consisting of 240. lg of styrene, 59.9 g of n-butyl acrylate and 4.5 g of acrylic acid was added to 440 g of ion-exchanged water in a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: (Pole 400) 7.5 g, a ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20—F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 22.5 g, dispersed using 6 g of dodecanethiol, and potassium persulfate 4. 5g was added and emulsion polymerization was performed at 75 ° C for 4 hours.
- a nonionic surfactant manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: (Pole 400) 7.5 g
- a ionic surfactant Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20
- a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to a monomer liquid consisting of 230. lg of styrene, 69.9 g of n-butinorea tallylate and 4.5 g of attalinoleic acid in 440 g of ion exchange water. Nopol 400) 7.5 g, a ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20—F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 22.5 g, dispersed using 6 g of dodecanethiol, 4.5 g of potassium sulfate was added and emulsion polymerization was performed at 75 ° C.
- a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to a monomer liquid consisting of 230. lg of styrene, 69.9 g of n-butinorea tallylate and 4.5 g of attalinoleic acid in 440 g of ion exchange water. No-pole 400) 9g, ionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd .: S20-F, 20% concentration water) Solution) 15 g and 1.5 g of dodecanethiol were dispersed, and 4.5 g of potassium persulfate was added thereto, followed by emulsion polymerization at 75 ° C. for 4 hours.
- a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to a monomer liquid consisting of 230. lg of styrene, 69.9 g of n-butinorea tallylate and 4.5 g of attalinoleic acid in 440 g of ion exchange water. Nopol 400) 6.5 g, a ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20—F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 27.5 g, dodecanethiol 1.5 g To this was added 1.5 g of potassium persulfate, and emulsion polymerization was performed at 75 ° C. for 4 hours.
- a monomer liquid consisting of 220 g of styrene, 80 g of n-butyl acrylate and 4.5 g of acrylic acid is added to 440 g of ion-exchanged water in a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400) 7 5 g, ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20—F, 20% strength aqueous solution) Disperse using 22.5 g, and add 3 g of potassium persulfate to this at 80 ° C. Emulsion polymerization was performed for 4 hours.
- aging treatment was further performed at 90 ° C for 2 hours, Mn force 3400, Mw 2085 00, Mz force 493200, Mp force 89100, Tm force Sl70 o C, Tg force S58 Q C, Medium rectification force 0.18 m
- a rosin particle dispersion RH2 in which the cocoon particles were dispersed was prepared. The pH of the rosin dispersion at this time was 1.8.
- a monomer liquid consisting of 240 g of styrene, 60 g of n-butyl acrylate and 4.5 g of acrylic acid was added to 440 g of ion-exchanged water in a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400) 6 Disperse 5g, ER surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20-F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 27.5g, dodecanethiol 15g, carbon tetrabromide 3g, and potassium persulfate 3 g of rubber was added and emulsion polymerization was carried out at 70 ° C for 5 hours.
- a nonionic surfactant manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400
- ER surfactant Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20-F, 20% strength aqueous
- aging treatment was further performed at 80 ° C for 2 hours.
- a resin particle dispersion rl4 in which 0.18 m of the resin particles were dispersed was prepared.
- the pH of the rosin dispersion at this time was 1.7.
- a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to a monomer liquid consisting of 230. lg of styrene, 69.9 g of n-butinorea tallylate and 4.5 g of attalinoleic acid in 440 g of ion exchange water.
- Nopol 400 4.5 g, a ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20—F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 37.5 g, dodecanethiol 1.5 g Potassium persulfate (1.5 g) was added to the mixture, and emulsion polymerization was performed at 75 ° C for 5 hours, followed by aging treatment at 80 ° C for 2 hours! ⁇ , Mn force ⁇ 8900, Mw force ⁇ 61200, Mz power ⁇ 108400, Mp force ⁇ 52800, Tm force ⁇ 142 0 C, T g is 57 ° C, median diameter ⁇ particles 0. 16 m to prepare a ⁇ particle dispersion rl5 dispersed. The pH of the rosin dispersion at this time was 1.8.
- a monomer liquid consisting of 255 g of styrene, 45 g of n-butyl acrylate and 4.5 g of acrylic acid is added to 440 g of ion-exchanged water in a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400) 5 Disperse using 5g, ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20-F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 32.5g, dodecanethiol 15g, carbon tetrabromide 3g, and potassium persulfate 3 g of rubber was added and emulsion polymerization was performed at 75 ° C.
- a nonionic surfactant manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400
- a monomer solution consisting of 255 g of styrene, 45 g of n-butyl acrylate and 4.5 g of acrylic acid is added to 350 g of ion-exchanged water in a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400) 4 Disperse using 5g, ⁇ ⁇ -on surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20-F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 37.5g, add 3g of potassium persulfate to this, and add it at 80 ° C.
- a nonionic surfactant manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400
- 4 Disperse using 5g, ⁇ ⁇ -on surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20-F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 37.5g, add 3g of potassium persulfate to this
- Emulsion polymerization is performed for 5 hours, followed by further aging treatment at 90 ° C for 2 hours, Mn force 8600, Mw force S238700 It was prepared Mz force five hundred twenty-nine thousand, Mp force one hundred sixty-three thousand six hundred, Tm force Sl82 Q C, Tg force S67 Q C, ⁇ particle dispersion rh4 the ⁇ particles of medium f standing force 0. 16 mu m was dispersed. The pH of the rosin dispersion at this time was 2.1.
- Table 3 shows the pigments used.
- Table 4 shows the nonionic amount (g), the ionic amount (g) of the surfactant used in the pigment dispersion, and the ratio of the nonionic amount to the total surfactant amount.
- Yellow pigment 20g (PY74 manufactured by Sanyo Dye), nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd. Luminol NA400) 2g and ion-exchanged water 78g are mixed and dispersed for 20 minutes at an oscillation frequency of 30kHz using an ultrasonic disperser. Colorant particles with a median diameter of 0.12m are dispersed. Dispersion PY1 was prepared.
- Magenta pigment 20g (Clariant PERMANENT RUBINE F6B), non-ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Norpol 400) 1.5g, ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20— F, 20% concentration aqueous solution) 6 g and ion-exchanged water 78 g are mixed and dispersed with an ultrasonic disperser for 20 minutes at an oscillation frequency of 30 kHz to disperse the colorant particles having a median diameter of 0.12 / zm.
- a colorant particle dispersion PM2 was prepared.
- Magenta pigment 20g (Clariant PERMANENT RUBINE F6B), non-ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400) 1.2g, ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20— F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 7 g and ion-exchanged water 78 g are mixed and dispersed with an ultrasonic disperser at an oscillation frequency of 30 kHz for 20 minutes to disperse the colorant particles having a median diameter of 0.12 / zm. A colorant particle dispersion pm3 was prepared.
- Table 5 shows the wax used and the properties of the wax.
- Tmw (° C) is the melting point and Ck (wt%) is the loss on heating.
- PR16 indicates a 16% diameter
- PR50 indicates a 50% diameter
- PR84 indicates an 84% diameter.
- the numbers in parentheses in (Table 8) indicate the blending ratio of wax.
- Table 9) shows the ratio of the nonionic amount (g) and the anionic amount (g) of the surfactant used in the wax dispersion, and the ratio of the nonionic amount to the total amount of the surfactant.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the stirring and dispersing device
- Fig. 4 shows a top view
- 801 is the outer tank Cooling water is injected into the part from 808 and discharged from 807.
- 802 is a dam plate that stops the liquid to be treated, and a hole is formed in the center.
- 803 is a rotating body that rotates at a high speed and is fixed to the shaft 806 and can rotate at a high speed. On the side of the rotating body, a hole of about 1 to 5 mm is drilled, allowing the liquid to be treated to move.
- the tank is 120 ml, and about half of the liquid to be treated is charged.
- the speed MAX of the rotating body can be up to 50mZs.
- the diameter of the rotating body is 52 mm, and the inner diameter of the tank is 56 mm.
- Reference numeral 804 denotes a raw material inlet for continuous processing. Sealed for high pressure processing or batch type.
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the stirring and dispersing device
- Fig. 6 shows a view of the upper force.
- 850 is a raw material inlet
- 852 is a fixed body and has a floating structure.
- a narrow gap of about 1 ⁇ m to 10 m is formed by the pressing force of the rotating body 853 and the high-speed rotational force of the rotating body 853.
- a shaft 854 is connected to a motor (not shown).
- the raw material that has also been subjected to 850 forces is strongly sheared between the fixed body and the rotating body, and is dispersed into fine particles in the liquid.
- the treated raw material liquid is discharged from 856.
- Figure 6 shows the view from above.
- the discharged raw material liquid 855 is radiated and collected in a sealed container.
- the outer diameter of the rotating body is 100mm.
- the raw material liquid is pre-dispersed with a wax and a surfactant in an aqueous medium that has been heated under pressure in advance, and is added through an inlet 850 to be instantly refined.
- the supply amount was lkg Zh and the speed of the rotating body was MAXlOOmZs.
- the composition of the produced toner is shown in (Table 10) and the characteristics are shown in (Table 11).
- d50 m is the volume average particle size of the toner base particles
- 2.52-4 (pop%) is the content ratio (%) of toner particles having a particle size of 2.52 to 4 / zm in the number distribution.
- V46: 4 to 6.06 (vol%) is the content ratio (%) of toner particles having a particle size of 4 to 6.06 111 in the volumetric cloth?
- 46: 4 to 6.06 (pop%) is the content ratio (%) of toner particles having a particle size of 4 to 6.06 ⁇ m in the number distribution, and over8 m (vol%) is 8 ⁇ m in the volume distribution.
- a 2000 ml 4-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, cooling tube, stirring bar, and pH meter is charged with 204 g of the first resin particle dispersion RL1, 45 g of the colorant particle dispersion PM1, and 85 g of the wax dispersion WA 1 Then, 500 ml of ion-exchanged water was added, and lOmin was mixed using a homogenizer (IKA, Ultratarx T25) to prepare a mixed particle dispersion. The pH of the obtained mixed dispersion was 3.5.
- the product (toner matrix) is filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water three times. It was. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base Ml having a volume average particle size of 4 .: L m and a coefficient of variation of 18.7.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base M2d having a volume average particle size of 4.6 m and a coefficient of variation of 17.1.
- the shape factor (KC) is approximately 100 toner bases (also expressed as colored particles) magnified 1000 times Then, the circumference and cross-sectional area were measured and obtained by the following formulas (d: circumference of toner base, A: cross-sectional area of toner base).
- KC (shape factor) (1 2 / (4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) X 100
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base M3e having a volume average particle size of 4 .: m and a coefficient of variation of 16.4.
- Toner processing time (h) Mixing 90 ° C 90. C to 90. C 90 ° C Second tree End of dripping Volume change Shape change After reaching the host grain After reaching 1h After reaching After reaching the end of fat dripping 1h Ending Dynamic coefficient After 2h After 3h After 2h
- first RL resin particle dispersion RL2, 42g of colorant particle dispersion PM1, and 90g of wax particle dispersion WA5 to 2000ml of 4-neck flask equipped with a thermometer, cooling tube, stir bar and pH meter. Then, 500 ml of ion exchange water was added, and lOmin mixing was performed using a homogenizer (IKA: ULTRA TALAX T50) to prepare a mixed particle dispersion. The pH of the obtained mixed dispersion was 2.2.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base M4e having a volume average particle size of 6. and a coefficient of variation of 17.1.
- Adjusting the pH value from 6 to 9 tends to shift the shape to irregular
- a pH value of 2.5 when the second resin particle dispersion is dropped, the second resin particles do not adhere to the core particles at all, and only the second resin particles aggregate. As a result, the volume variation coefficient was 40 or more and the particle size distribution was quite broad, and the dispersion remained cloudy. At a pH value of 11, the generated particles were coarsened to a volume average particle size of 15 m or more.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base 5 having a volume average particle diameter of 4.2 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 18.9.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain toner base 6 having a volume average particle diameter of 4.5 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 19.8.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base 7 having a volume average particle diameter of 5.9 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 19.1.
- toner base material was filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base M9 having a volume average particle size of 4 .: m and a coefficient of variation of 16.1.
- toner base M9 having a volume average particle size of 4 .: m and a coefficient of variation of 16.1.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base M10 having a volume average particle diameter of 4.8 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 20.1.
- the product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base Mil having a volume average particle size of 4. l ⁇ m and a coefficient of variation of 18.6.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid dryer, and the volume average particle diameter was 5.8 m and the coefficient of variation was 17.1. Toner matrix M12 was obtained.
- the second resin particle dispersion RH2 adjusted to pH 9.1 was added with lOOg at the drop rate of lgZmin. Heat treatment was performed for 1.5 hours under the condition of ° C to obtain particles in which the second resin particles were fused.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base M14 having a volume average particle diameter of 3.8 m and a coefficient of variation of 21.8.
- toner matrix M15 Add 204g of the first RL1 particle dispersion RL1, 42g of the colorant particle dispersion PM1, and 65g of the wax particle dispersion WA15 to 2000ml of a 4-neck flask equipped with a thermometer, cooling tube, stir bar, and pH meter. Then, 450 ml of ion-exchanged water was added, and lOmin was mixed using a homogenizer (IKA, Ultratralux T50) to prepare a mixed particle dispersion. The pH of the obtained mixed dispersion was 2.2.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base M15 having a volume average particle size of 6.4 m and a coefficient of variation of 18.8.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours with a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base m21 having a volume average particle size of 7.4 m and a coefficient of variation of 23.8 and a slightly wide particle size distribution. It was.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours with a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base m22 having a slightly broad particle size distribution with a volume average particle size of 8.4 m and a coefficient of variation of 24.8. It was. Some cloudiness remained in some water systems.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base m23 having a volume average particle size of 10.8 m, a coefficient of variation of 31.8 and a wide particle size distribution. Some cloudiness remained in the water system.
- a four-necked flask with a thermometer and a cooling tube is added to 2000 ml, and the first resin particle dispersion rl5 is added to 204 ml.
- 32g of colorant particle dispersion PM1 and 40g of wax dispersion WA2 were added, 350ml of ion-exchanged water was added, and mixed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA: Ultra Turrax T25).
- a particle dispersion was prepared. The pH of the obtained mixed dispersion was 3.9.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours using a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base m24 having a volume average particle diameter of 3.9 / zm and a coefficient of variation of 35.8 and having a wide particle size distribution. .
- Ion-exchange water with 2000 ml of 4-neck flask with thermometer and cooling tube 204 g of the first resin particle dispersion rl4, 45 g of the colorant particle dispersion PM1, and 50 g of the wax dispersion WA6.
- 450 ml was added and mixed for 10 min using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA: Ultra Turrax T25) to prepare a mixed particle dispersion.
- the pH of the obtained mixed dispersion was 3.9.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours with a fluid dryer to obtain a toner base m26 having a volume average particle size of 4.9 / zm and a coefficient of variation of 37.6 and a wide particle size distribution. .
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by using a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base m27 having a volume average particle size of 8.2 / zm and a coefficient of variation of 26.8 and a slightly wide particle size distribution. Obtained.
- the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base m28 having a volume average particle size of 12. and a coefficient of variation of 32.6 and a wide particle size distribution.
- Table 15 shows the external additives used in this example.
- the amount of charge is uncoated ferrite This is measured by the blow-off method of frictional charging with the carrier.
- the blending ratio of treatment materials is shown in parentheses.
- the value for 5 minutes is 100 to 1 800 / x CZg, and the value power for 30 minutes is preferably S 50 to 1 600 C Zg.
- High recharged and charged silica can perform its functions with a small amount.
- Table 16 shows the toner material composition used in this example.
- the external additive indicates the blending amount (parts by weight) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base.
- the external treatment was performed in a Henschel mixer FM20B (Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) with a stirring blade ZOSO type, rotation speed 2000 min, treatment time 5 min, and input lkg.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of an image forming apparatus for full color image formation used in this example.
- the transfer belt unit 17 includes a transfer belt 12, a first color (yellow) transfer roller 1 OY, a second color (magenta) transfer roller 10 mm, a third color (cyan) transfer roller 10C, a fourth color (consisting of an elastic body).
- the distance from the first color ( ⁇ ) transfer position force to the second color ( ⁇ ) transfer position is 70mm (from the second color (M) transfer position to the third color (C) transfer position, the third color (C)
- the fourth color (K) from the transfer position is the same distance from the transfer position), and the peripheral speed of the photoconductor is 125 mmZs.
- the transfer belt 12 is used by kneading a conductive filler in an insulating polycarbonate resin and forming a film with an extruder.
- a polycarbonate resin for example, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., Iupilon Z300
- conductive carbon for example, Ketjen Black
- the surface is coated with fluorine resin, the thickness is about 100 m, the volume resistance is 10 7 ⁇ : ⁇ 0 12 ⁇ 'cm, surface resistance The resistance is 10 7 to 10 12 ⁇ / mouth. This is also for improving dot reproducibility.
- the first transfer roller is a carbon conductive foamed urethane roller having an outer diameter of 8 mm, and has a resistance value of 10 2 to: ⁇ 0 6 ⁇ .
- the first transfer roller 10 is pressed against the photosensitive member 1 via the transfer belt 12 with a pressing force of 1.0 to 9.8 ( ⁇ ), and the toner on the photosensitive member is transferred onto the belt. Is done.
- the resistance value is smaller than 10 2 ⁇ , retransfer is likely to occur. If it is larger than 10 6 ⁇ , transfer defects are likely to occur. 1. If it is smaller than ⁇ ( ⁇ ), transfer defects occur, and if it is greater than 9.8 ( ⁇ ), transfer characters are lost.
- the second transfer roller 14 is a carbon conductive foamed urethane roller having an outer diameter of 10 mm, and has a resistance value of 10 2 to 10 6 ⁇ .
- the second transfer roller 14 is pressed against the transfer roller 13 via the transfer belt 12 and a transfer medium 19 such as paper or paper.
- the transfer roller 13 is configured to be driven to rotate by the transfer belt 12.
- the second transfer roller 14 and the counter transfer roller 13 in the second transfer are pressed against each other with a pressing force of 5.0 to 21.8 ( ⁇ ), and toner is transferred from the transfer belt onto the recording material 19 such as paper. Transcribed.
- the resistance value is smaller than 10 2 ⁇ , retransfer is likely to occur. If it exceeds 10 6 ⁇ , transfer defects are likely to occur. 5. If it is smaller than ⁇ ( ⁇ ), transfer failure occurs. If it is greater than 21.8 ( ⁇ ), the load increases and jitter tends to occur.
- each image forming unit 18Y, 18M, 18C, 18K is composed of the same constituent members except for the developer put in, the image forming unit 18Y for scissors will be described in order to simplify the description. The explanation of the units for other colors is omitted.
- the image forming unit is configured as follows. 1 is a photoconductor, 3 is a pixel laser signal light, 4 is a developing roller made of aluminum with a magnet having a magnetic force of 1200 gauss inside, and is opposed to the photoconductor with a gap of 0.3 mm, in the direction of the arrow Rotate to. 6 is a stirring roller that stirs the toner and carrier in the developing unit and supplies them to the developing roller.
- the gap was 0.4 mm.
- the power supply is omitted.
- the developing roller 4 is applied with 500V DC and 1.5kV (p-P), AC voltage with a frequency of 6kHz.
- the peripheral speed ratio between the photoconductor and the developing roller was 1: 1.6.
- the mixing ratio of toner and carrier was 93: 7, and the developer amount in the developing unit was 150 g.
- [0465] 2 is a charging roller made of epichlorohydrin rubber and having an outer diameter of 10 mm, to which a DC bias of 1.2 kV is applied. Charge the surface of photoconductor 1 to -600V. 8 is a cleaner, 9 is a waste toner bot, and 7 is a developer.
- the downward force of the transfer unit 17 is also conveyed, and the paper 19 is fed by a paper feed roller (not shown) to the pressure-contact portion between the transfer belt 12 and the second transfer roller 14.
- a paper transport path is formed so that
- the toner on the transfer belt 12 is transferred to the paper 19 by +1000 V applied to the second transfer roller 14, and the fixing roller 201, the pressure roller 202, the fixing belt 203, the heating medium roller 204, and the induction heater unit 205. And is fixed here.
- FIG. 2 shows the fixing process diagram.
- a belt 203 is placed between the fixing roller 201 and the heat roller 204.
- a predetermined load is applied between the fixing roller 201 and the pressure roller 202, and a loop is formed between the belt 203 and the pressure roller 202.
- An induction heater unit 205 consisting of a ferrite core 206 and a coil 207 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the heat roller 204, and a temperature sensor 208 is disposed on the outer surface.
- the belt is composed of 30 ⁇ m Ni as a substrate, 150 ⁇ m of silicone rubber on top of it, and a 30 ⁇ m PFA tube on top of it.
- the pressure roller 202 is pressed against the fixing roller 201 by the pressure panel 209.
- the recording material 19 having the toner 210 moves along the guide plate 211.
- the fixing roller 201 as a fixing member has a JIS rubber hardness (JIS-A) of 20 on the surface of an aluminum hollow roller metal core 213 having a length of 250 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm.
- the rubber layer 215 is formed with a thickness of 3 mm and the outer diameter is about 26 mm.
- Drive motor force (not shown) also receives drive force and rotates at 125mmZs.
- the heat roller 204 is a hollow pipe having a wall thickness of lmm and an outer diameter of 20mm!
- the surface temperature of the fixing belt was controlled at 170 ° C. using a thermistor.
- the pressure roller 202 as a pressure member has a length force of 250 mm and an outer diameter of 20 mm.
- This is a hollow roller cored bar 216 made of aluminum with an outer diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.
- An elastic layer 217 with a thickness of 2 mm made of silicone rubber with a rubber hardness (JIS-A) of 55 degrees according to JIS standards is provided on the surface.
- the pressure roller 202 is rotatably installed and forms a nip width of 5. Omm with the fixing roller 201 by a panel 209 having a panel weight on one side 147N.
- the image forming speed of the image forming unit 18Y (125 mmZs equal to the peripheral speed of the photoconductor) and the moving speed of the transfer belt 12 are 0.5 to 1.5% slower than the transfer belt speed. It is set to be.
- Y signal light 3Y is input to image forming unit 18Y, and image formation with Y toner is performed. Simultaneously with the image formation, the first transfer roller 10Y causes the Y toner image to be transferred from the photosensitive member 1Y to the transfer belt 12. At this time, a DC voltage of +800 V was applied to the first transfer roller 10Y.
- M signal light 3M is input to the image forming unit 18M, and image formation with M toner is performed.
- the first transfer roller 10M causes the M toner image to be transferred to the photoreceptor 1M force transfer belt 12.
- the first color (Y) toner is formed and the M toner is transferred.
- image formation is performed using C (cyan) and K (black) toner, and the first transfer is performed simultaneously with image formation.
- a YMCK toner image is formed on the transfer belt 12 by the action of the rollers 10C and 10B. This is a so-called tandem system.
- the transfer belt 12 On the transfer belt 12, four color toner images were positioned and overlapped to form a color image. After the final transfer of the B toner image, the four color toner images are collectively transferred to the paper 19 fed from a paper feed cassette (not shown) at the same time by the action of the second transfer roller 14. At this time, the transfer roller 13 was grounded, and a + lkV DC voltage was applied to the second transfer roller 14. The toner image transferred to the paper was fixed by a fixing roller pair 201 ⁇ 202. The paper was then discharged out of the apparatus through a pair of discharge rollers (not shown). The remaining transfer toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 12 is cleaned by the action of the cleaning blade 16 and is ready for the next image formation.
- Table 17 shows the results of image output by the electrophotographic apparatus of FIG. Filming of the toner on the photoreceptor when 100,000 sheets of running durability test was performed on A4 size paper, transition of image density before and after running test, fog in non-image area, solid image uniformity, The state of transferability (such as voids) was evaluated.
- the charge amount is measured by the blow-off method of frictional charging with the ferrite carrier.
- the hollowing out is at a level that causes no problem in practical use, and the transfer efficiency is about 95%.
- the filming of the toner on the photosensitive member and transfer belt was at a level where there was no practical problem. There was no defective cleaning of the transfer belt. Also, there is almost no toner disturbance or toner skip during fixing. In addition, even in the full-color image where three colors overlapped, no transfer failure occurred, and no paper wrinkles on the fixing belt occurred during fixing.
- Table 18 evaluated the fixability, offset property, high-temperature storage stability, and paper tackiness on the fixing belt in full-color images.
- Adhesion amount 1. Solid image of 2mgZcm 2 with process speed of 125mmZs, OHP transmittance (fixing temperature 160 ° C), minimum fixing temperature, offset at high temperature in a fixing device using no belt The generated temperature was evaluated. The OHP transmittance was measured with a spectrophotometer U-3200 (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) at 700 nm. The storage stability shows the result after 24 hours of storage at 55 ° C.
- Table 19 shows the glossiness of the solid image portion at that time relative to the fixing temperature (° C).
- Horiba Daros Checker IG320 was used for glossiness.
- the present invention is not limited to an electrophotographic method using a photoconductor, and a method of printing by directly attaching paper or a toner containing a conductive material on a substrate as a wiring pattern, etc. Also useful.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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JP2007509161A JPWO2006100845A1 (ja) | 2005-03-18 | 2006-02-10 | トナー及びトナーの製造方法 |
US11/909,043 US20090053640A1 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2006-02-10 | Toner and method for producing toner |
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JP2005-078904 | 2005-03-18 | ||
JP2005-078905 | 2005-03-18 | ||
JP2005078905 | 2005-03-18 | ||
JP2005078904 | 2005-03-18 |
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PCT/JP2006/302318 WO2006100845A1 (ja) | 2005-03-18 | 2006-02-10 | トナー及びトナーの製造方法 |
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US (1) | US20090053640A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2006100845A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006100845A1 (ja) |
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JP5884590B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-23 | 2016-03-15 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー、静電荷像現像剤、トナーカートリッジ、現像剤カートリッジ、プロセスカートリッジ、画像形成装置、及び、画像形成方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH11338189A (ja) * | 1998-04-13 | 1999-12-10 | Xerox Corp | 着色剤を含むろう |
JP2004170957A (ja) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-06-17 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 非接触加熱定着用トナー |
JP2004198862A (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像形成方法、画像形成装置、及び静電荷像現像用トナー |
JP2005031506A (ja) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-02-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | トナー、トナーの製造方法、二成分現像剤及び画像形成装置 |
Family Cites Families (7)
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JP2958416B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-30 | 1999-10-06 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナーの製造方法、静電荷像現像用トナー及び画像形成方法 |
JP3871753B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-10 | 2007-01-24 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナーの製造方法、静電荷像現像用トナー、静電荷像現像剤及び画像形成方法 |
JP3107062B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 2000-11-06 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー及びその製造方法、静電荷像現像剤並びに画像形成方法 |
US6617091B2 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2003-09-09 | Konica Corporation | Production method of toner |
US7087353B2 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2006-08-08 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Non-contact heat fixing toner |
WO2005013012A1 (ja) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-02-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | トナー、トナーの製造方法、二成分現像剤及び画像形成装置 |
US20050196694A1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-09-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Toner, method for producing toner, two component developer, and image forming apparatus |
-
2006
- 2006-02-10 JP JP2007509161A patent/JPWO2006100845A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-10 WO PCT/JP2006/302318 patent/WO2006100845A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-10 US US11/909,043 patent/US20090053640A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11338189A (ja) * | 1998-04-13 | 1999-12-10 | Xerox Corp | 着色剤を含むろう |
JP2004170957A (ja) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-06-17 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 非接触加熱定着用トナー |
JP2004198862A (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像形成方法、画像形成装置、及び静電荷像現像用トナー |
JP2005031506A (ja) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-02-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | トナー、トナーの製造方法、二成分現像剤及び画像形成装置 |
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JPWO2006100845A1 (ja) | 2008-08-28 |
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