WO2003091198A1 - Ionic liquid, method of dehydration, electric double layer capacitor, and secondary battery - Google Patents
Ionic liquid, method of dehydration, electric double layer capacitor, and secondary battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003091198A1 WO2003091198A1 PCT/JP2003/005253 JP0305253W WO03091198A1 WO 2003091198 A1 WO2003091198 A1 WO 2003091198A1 JP 0305253 W JP0305253 W JP 0305253W WO 03091198 A1 WO03091198 A1 WO 03091198A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ionic liquid
- ionic
- electrode
- metal
- less
- Prior art date
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCN1 YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LWRYTNDOEJYQME-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;sulfanylideneiron Chemical compound [Li].[Fe]=S LWRYTNDOEJYQME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- VGEMYWDUTPQWBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-2-methoxyethanamine Chemical compound CCNCCOC VGEMYWDUTPQWBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWQHODSUPNAXGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver monohydride Chemical compound [AgH] MWQHODSUPNAXGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001494 silver tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/10—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/06—Separation of liquids from each other by electricity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/02—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/04—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C217/06—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted
- C07C217/08—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is not further substituted the oxygen atom of the etherified hydroxy group being further bound to an acyclic carbon atom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
- H01G11/20—Reformation or processes for removal of impurities, e.g. scavenging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/002—Inorganic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0022—Room temperature molten salts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/0042—Four or more solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ionic liquid, a dehydration method, an electric double layer capacitor, and a secondary battery.
- the ionic compound usually forms a crystal by positively attracting a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion.
- a positively charged cation For example, when Na C 1, an ionic compound, is dissolved in water, water molecules surround the Na + ion, which is a cation constituting the crystal, and C 1 — ion, which is an anion, and either Also become large ions as a whole. The resulting large ions cannot approach each other, and the electrostatic interaction between them weakens, so that the cation and a union are charged particles in the solution, respectively. Can be moved freely.
- the ionic compound is dissolved in various liquids such as water, and gives a liquid that conducts electricity, that is, an electrolyte solution.
- an electrolyte solution For example, in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery and a capacitor, it is generally dissolved in an organic solvent. Electrolyte solutions in which ionic compounds are dissolved are used.
- N a C l itself becomes liquid and conducts electricity by increasing the temperature and activating the thermal motion to overcome the interaction between ions.
- the temperature at which this solid becomes a liquid, that is, its melting point is as high as 800 ° C.
- a molten salt is usually called a molten salt.
- molten salt there are elements that cannot be obtained from ordinary electrolyte aqueous solutions because the reducing power and oxidizing power for water are too strong, that is, metals such as alkali metals, aluminum, rare earth elements, and nonmetals such as fluorine. It can be obtained in the form of a simple substance by electrolysis, which is the main industrial use of molten salt.
- molten salts maintain a liquid state even at room temperature and do not solidify at cryogenic temperatures.
- a molten salt that maintains a liquid state at room temperature or lower is particularly a room temperature molten salt or ion. It is called an ionic liquid.
- This ionic liquid has (1) no or very low vapor pressure, (2) non-flammable or non-flammable, (3) ionic conductivity, (4) higher decomposition voltage than water, and (4) higher than water. It has features such as a wide liquid temperature range, and it can be handled in the atmosphere.
- new electrolytes that can be used at temperatures below room temperature include electrodeposition of metals and alloys, electrolytic baths for plating, electrolytes for electrochemical devices for energy storage, and organic synthesis. It is used for various purposes such as solvents.
- an ionic liquid having a low water content is required.
- quaternary ammonium salts are usually obtained by quaternizing tertiary amines with alkyl halides, dialkyl sulfates, dialkyl carbonates and the like. Furthermore, when the anion species is changed, it is synthesized by neutralizing with an inorganic acid or an organic acid via a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.
- the quaternary ammonium salt obtained by such a method is used because the quaternary ammonium carbonate or hydroxide as a raw material is usually distributed as an aqueous solution or an alcohol solution. To reduce the water content, a method has been adopted in which the above aqueous solution or the like is evaporated to dryness, a quaternary ammonium salt is taken out as a solid, and purified by recrystallization.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has been devised to provide a highly dehydrated ionic liquid and a method for dehydrating an ionic liquid, as well as an electric double-layer capacitor and a secondary capacitor using the ionic liquid.
- the purpose is to provide a secondary battery. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and found that water in the ionic liquid or a solution containing the ionic liquid was reduced to an atmosphere having a dew point of not more than 40 ° C or 76 Torr The inventors have found that a highly dehydrated ionic liquid or ionic compound-containing solution can be obtained by electrolysis under the following reduced pressure, and completed the present invention.
- An ionic liquid comprising a cation and an anion, wherein the ionic liquid has a water content of 150 ppm or less and is in a liquid state at 25 ° C or less.
- An ionic liquid of 1 or 2 characterized in that it is an oxalate salt.
- An ion of 3 characterized in that the cation is a quaternary ammonium ion represented by the following general formula (1).
- R ′ represents a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- the quaternary ammonium ion is (CH 3 ) (C 2 H 5 ) 2 (CH 3 OC 2 H 4 ) N +, wherein the ionic liquid is 4,
- ⁇ - ON, BF 4 -, PF 6 - , C 1 0 4 -, CF 3 S 0 3 _, CF 3 CO 2 _ and (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N also less selected from _ Any one of the ionic liquids 1 to 5, characterized in that the ionic liquid is one kind and has a theoretical decomposition voltage of 1.23 V or more;
- a dehydration method characterized by performing electrolysis of water.
- the ionic compound is at least one selected from an alkali metal salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary phosphonium salt, and a transition metal salt.
- the electrode comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode
- the positive electrode comprises a metal
- the equilibrium potential of the metal and the metal ion, metal oxide or metal peroxide is a standard hydrogen potential (NH E) 0.4 V or more
- the negative electrode contains a metal
- the equilibrium potential between the metal and the metal ion is more than 10 V with respect to a standard hydrogen potential (NH E).
- 8 (V) or more a theoretical decomposition voltage of water of 1.23 (V) and an oxygen overvoltage ⁇ of the positive electrode between the positive and negative electrodes. 2 (V), the hydrogen overvoltage at the negative electrode 77 ⁇ 2 (V), and the resistance component i R (where i is the current Density, R indicates a resistance component)
- a voltage equal to or higher than the sum of (V) is applied.
- the positive electrode is made of platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium, silver. Gold, aluminum, aluminum oxide, osmium oxide, silver oxide, acid
- the negative electrode comprises platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium, copper, silver, gold.
- an electric double layer capacitor including a pair of polarizable electrodes, a separator interposed between the polarizable electrodes, and an electrolytic solution
- the electrolytic solution is 1 to 6
- the electrolytic solution is any one of the following: A secondary battery characterized by being an electrolytic solution containing a liquid and an organic solvent having a water content of 50 ppm or less;
- an electric double layer capacitor including a pair of polarizable electrodes, a separator 20 interposed between the polarizable electrodes, and an electrolytic solution
- the electrolytic solution may have a capacity of 7 to 1.
- An electric double layer capacitor characterized by being an organic solution containing one or more ionizable liquids or ionic compounds.
- a secondary battery comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a separator 25 interposed between the positive and negative electrodes, and an electrolytic solution, wherein the electrolytic solution is
- a secondary battery characterized by being an ionic liquid or an organic solution containing at least one ionic compound dehydrated by any of the dehydration methods of 7 to 12.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in the water content of the ionic liquid X of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the discharge current dependence of discharge energy in the electric double layer capacitors of Example 10 and Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the charging voltage dependence of discharge energy in the electric double layer capacitors of Example 10 and Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change in the water content of the electrolyte solution (organic solution) of Example 11 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the cycle life performance of the secondary batteries of Example 11 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the ionic liquid according to the present invention is composed of a cation and an anion, has a water content of 150 ppm or less, and is in a liquid state at 25 ° C. or less.
- the cation is not particularly limited, but is preferably a quaternary ammonium ion or a quaternary phospho-ion. Specifically, a quaternary ammonium ion represented by the following formula (1) is preferable.
- R 1 to R 3 represent the same or different alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, even if any two of R 1 R 2 and R 3 form a ring. I do not care.
- R ′ represents a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a 2-propyl group, a butyl group, and a pentyl group.
- At least one of R 1 to R 4 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group because the viscosity of the ionic liquid tends to increase, and if the viscosity is high, high dehydration may be difficult.
- a methyl group or an ethyl group is preferred.
- the cation in which any two groups of R 1 to R 3 form a ring includes a quaternary ammonium having an aziridine ring, an azetidine ring, a pyrrolidine ring, a piperidine ring, and the like. Pumion.
- (CH 3 ) (C 2 H 5 ) 2 (CH a OC 2 H 4 ) N + is preferable because of its easy synthesis and handling, low viscosity and low melting point, and its low point force. .
- the Anion is not particularly limited, for example, BF 4 -, PF 6 _ , A s F 6 -, S b F 6 -, A 1 C 1 4 -, HS 0 4 -, C l ⁇ 4 -, CH 3 S 0 3 _, CF 3 S 0 3 -, CF 3 C 0 2 _, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N-, CI -, B r -, include I _ like but dissociation degree, excellent in stability and mobility, wide potential window, on a relatively liquid resistance is low, from the viewpoint of handling is easy, BF 4 -, PF 6 - , C 1 0 4 - , CF 3 S 0 3 -, and (CF 3 S 0 2) 2 least arbitrariness preferred is a Mochiiruko one also selected from N-.
- the cation is (CH 3 ) (C 2 H 5 ) 2 (CH 3 OC 2 H 4 ) N + and the cation is BF 4 -, PF 6 -, C 1 0 4 _, CF 3 S_ ⁇ 3 -, CF 3 C 0 2 - and (CF 3 SO 2) and less selected from 2 N- as the one also be
- the ionic liquid has a theoretical decomposition voltage of 1.2 V or more.
- the ionic liquid of the present invention has a water content of 150 ppm or less as described above, the water content is 100 ppm in consideration of the case where the ionic liquid is used for a nonaqueous electrolyte / aqueous reaction solvent.
- the following are preferred, especially 50 ppm or less, more preferably 40 ppm or less, more preferably 30 ppm or less, even more preferably 25 ppm or less, and even more preferably 10 ppm or less.
- the ionic liquid is in a liquid state at a temperature of 25 ° C. or lower, but can be suitably used as an electrolyte salt of an electricity storage device used at a low temperature or as a solvent for a low-temperature reaction. It is preferably in a liquid state at a temperature of 15 ° C or less, particularly 0 ° C or less.
- the ionic liquid comprising the quaternary ammonium salt can be produced, for example, as follows. First, a tertiary amine is mixed with an alkyl halide or dialkyl sulfate, and heated as necessary to obtain a quaternary ammonium halide salt. When a compound having low reactivity such as an alkoxyethyl halide or an alkoxymethyl halide is used, it is preferable to carry out the reaction by using an auto crepe or the like under pressure and further heating if necessary.
- the quaternary ammonium halide salt obtained as described above is dissolved in an aqueous medium such as water, and anion exchange is performed by neutralization treatment via a hydroxide salt as described above, or A quaternary ammonium salt can be obtained by performing an aion exchange reaction in which the compound is reacted with a reagent that generates a required aone species, such as silver hydride or silver tetrafluorophosphate.
- the ionic liquid of the present invention described above has: 1) no or extremely low vapor pressure, 2) non-combustible or flame-retardant, 3) ionic conductivity, 4) higher decomposition voltage than water, 5)
- conventional ionic liquids such as a wider liquid temperature range than water
- 6 handling in the atmosphere is possible, 6 extremely low water content, ⁇ ⁇ wider than conventionally known organic ionic liquids It has various advantages such as having a potential window.
- reaction solvents such as benzene, methylene chloride and ether which are widely used in organic synthesis are volatile substances harmful to the human body such as carcinogenicity
- the ionic liquid of the present invention is Since it has extremely low volatility and can be used repeatedly as a reaction solvent for organic synthesis, and because of its low water content, it can be suitably used as an organic solvent for water-prohibited reactions. It can also contribute to the field of green chemistry, which seeks to develop new synthetic processes aimed at reduction.
- the dehydration method according to the present invention is characterized in that an ionic liquid that is in a liquid state at 25 ° C. or an organic solution containing one or more ionic compounds is added to an atmosphere having a dew point of not more than 40 ° C. or 76 T
- the electrodes are brought into contact with each other under reduced pressure of orr or lower to perform electrolysis of water contained in the ionic liquid or the organic solution.
- the ionic compound is a concept including both a salt in a liquid state and a salt in a solid state, and is not particularly limited, but includes an alkali metal salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary phosphonium salt, And at least one selected from transition metals.
- the organic solvent used in preparing the organic solution is not particularly limited.
- examples thereof include nitriles such as acetonitril and propionitrile, dibutyl ether, 1,2 —Dimethoxetane, 1, 2 —Ethoximetoxetane, Methyldiglyme, Methyltriglyme, Methylte Traglyme, Ethylglyme, Ethylglyme, Butyldiglyme, Glyconoreethenores (Ethylcell sonoleb, Butyl canolevi tonole, etc.), heterocyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3, -dioxane, ⁇ -butyrolactate , ⁇ —Latte mouth, ⁇ —Ba Butyrolactones such as lactone, 3-methyl-1
- the water content in the system is reduced by decomposition.
- the water removal efficiency will be significantly reduced. For this reason, it is necessary to keep the outside of the system in a dry atmosphere with a dew point of less than 40 ° C or a reduced pressure of less than 76 Torr.
- the dew point temperature is preferably 150 ° C or lower, more preferably 160 ° C or lower, and still more preferably 180 ° C or lower.
- the temperature is preferably less than 1 OT orr, more preferably less than 1 Torr.
- water is not an ion itself, and the only means for moving water in the system onto the electrode surface is diffusion. Therefore, in order to reduce the time required for removing water from the system, the ionic liquid is used. Alternatively, it is preferable to stir the organic solvent.
- the rotation speed of the stirrer at the time of stirring is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 40 O rpm, particularly preferably 200 to 400 rpm. Water can be removed more quickly.
- the above electrode is composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- the positive electrode contains a metal, and the equilibrium potential between the metal and the metal ion, metal oxide or metal peroxide is standard.
- the negative electrode contains a metal, and the equilibrium potential between the metal and the metal ion is higher than the standard hydrogen potential (NHE) by 0.8 (V).
- the theoretical decomposition voltage of water is 1.23 (V) between the positive and negative electrodes, and the oxygen overvoltage ⁇ at the positive electrode. 2 (V), a hydrogen overvoltage H 2 (V) at the negative electrode, and a voltage equal to or higher than the sum of resistance components i R (where i is the current density and R is the resistance component) (V). Is preferred.
- the following reaction is known as the electrode reaction when water is decomposed.
- the metal constituting the positive electrode is in the presence of H + (acidic)
- the reaction is 1. 1 with respect to the standard hydrogen potential.
- charge transfer of M ⁇ M + + e M: metal or metal oxide
- the metal constituting the negative electrode is, in the presence of H + (acidic), at least 0.000 V with respect to the standard hydrogen potential, and in the presence of OH— (basic), standard hydrogen. It is preferable to use a material having an equilibrium potential between the metal and the metal ion of 0.828 V or more with respect to the potential.
- Positive and negative electrodes containing materials may be used.
- the positive electrode is platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium, silver, gold, aluminum, aluminum oxide, osmium oxide, silver oxide, tin oxide, And at least one selected from titanium oxide and titanium oxide
- the negative electrode is platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium, copper, silver, gold, aluminum, actinium, bismuth, cobalt, mercury
- a material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of ke, iron, polonium, tin, and technetium can be suitably used.
- the metal may be a simple metal or an alloy. Preferred combinations of the positive electrode and the negative electrode include the following.
- 4Positive electrode Aluminum
- Negative electrode Metal or alloy containing at least one selected from nickel, iron, cobalt and chromium
- 5Positive electrode Aluminum oxide
- Negative electrode Metal or alloy containing at least one selected from nickel, iron, cobalt, and cobalt
- 6Positive electrode silver
- negative electrode metal or alloy containing at least one selected from nickel, iron, cobalt and chromium
- the oxygen overvoltage ⁇ at the positive electrode is actually set.
- V the hydrogen overvoltage at the negative electrode ⁇ ⁇ 2 (V)
- i R the resistance component i R (where i is the current density and R is the resistance component) (V) is the theoretical decomposition voltage of water.
- a higher voltage is required, and by applying a voltage higher than this voltage from an external power supply, the removal of water accompanying the water decomposition proceeds.
- the dehydration method of the present invention can be carried out, for example, by the following method, but is not limited to the following examples, as long as the method of the present invention can be carried out.
- Each condition can be changed variously.
- a positive electrode constituting the electrode an aluminum sheet whose surface is oxidized and etched is cut out to a predetermined size, a spot welded with A1 tape is used as the negative electrode, and a nickel sheet is used as a negative electrode. Then, using a piece of Ni tape spot-welded and the like, the electrodes are separated by a predetermined distance and fixed to a cylindrical glass container or the like to produce an electrolysis cell.
- metal ions such as Fe, Cr, and Ni that can cause an electrode reaction in the electrode potential range used besides moisture in the electric double layer capacitor ⁇ lithium ion secondary battery system causes a decrease in capacity and life. It is known to cause a decrease in performance, an increase in self-discharge, and the like, and the above-mentioned dehydration method can also be applied to the case where metal ions in such a system are electrosprayed on the negative electrode.
- An electric double layer capacitor according to the present invention is an electric double layer capacitor including a pair of polarizable electrodes, a separator interposed between these polarizable electrodes, and an electrolytic solution.
- the ionic liquid and an organic solvent having a water content of 50 ppm or less, or an organic solvent containing one or more ionic liquids or ionic compounds dehydrated by the above dehydration method are used.
- the specific type of the organic solvent having a water content of 50 ppm or less is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as an electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor. Can be used.
- the concentration of the compound is Is, although not particularly limited to, 0 :! to 5.0 mo1 / L, preferably 1.0 to 4.0 Omol ZL. If the concentration is less than 0.1 mol / L, the loss may increase due to an increase in internal resistance.On the other hand, if the concentration exceeds 5.0 mo 1 L, ionic compounds are precipitated at low temperatures. Therefore, there is a possibility that a problem such as a decrease in stability may occur.
- polarizable electrode an electrode obtained by applying a polarizable electrode composition containing a carbonaceous material and a binder polymer on a current collector can be used.
- the carbonaceous material is not particularly limited, and includes plant-based wood, sawdust, coconut shell, pulp waste liquid, fossil fuel-based coal, petroleum heavy oil, and coal obtained by thermally decomposing these.
- the method of the activation treatment is not particularly limited, and various methods such as a chemical activation and a water vapor activation method can be used.
- Examples of the shape of the carbonaceous material include various shapes such as crushing, granulation, granule, fiber, phenolate, woven fabric, and sheet shape, all of which can be used in the present invention.
- a conductive material can be added to the carbonaceous material.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it can impart conductivity to the carbonaceous material.
- metal fibers such as graphite, titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, aluminum, and nickel.
- ketjen black and acetylene black which are a type of carbon black, are preferred.
- the binder polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer that can be used for the purpose.
- the use of the polymer materials (I) to (III) among the above binder polymers has high adhesiveness, so that the physical strength of the electrode can be improved. Further, the fluorine-based polymer material of (IV) has excellent thermal and electrical stability.
- the polarizable electrode composition is prepared by mixing the above-described carbonaceous material (including a conductive material if necessary), a binder solution prepared by preparing a binder polymer into a solution, and, if necessary, a solvent in a mixing vessel. It can be obtained by containing and wet mixing.
- the amount of the binder polymer to be added is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the carbonaceous material.
- a polarized electrode By coating the polarizable electrode composition thus obtained on a current collector, a polarized electrode can be obtained.
- the positive and negative electrodes constituting the current collector those commonly used for electric double layer capacitors can be arbitrarily selected and used, but aluminum foil or aluminum oxide is used as the positive electrode current collector
- the negative electrode current collector it is preferable to use a copper foil, a nickel foil, or a metal foil having a surface formed of a copper-plated film or a nickel-plated film.
- the shape of the foil that composes each of the above current collectors is a thin foil shape, It can be in the form of a torn sheet, a stumped sheet in which holes are formed, or the like (the thickness of the foil is usually about 1 to 200 ⁇ m).
- the polarizable electrode can also be formed by melt-kneading the polarizable electrode composition and then extruding the film.
- separators for electric double layer capacitors those usually used as separators for electric double layer capacitors can be used.
- polyolefin nonwoven fabric, porous PTFE film, craft paper, rayon fiber A paper made of sisal fiber mixed paper, Mayura hemp sheet, glass fiber sheet, cellulosic electrolytic paper, paper made of rayon fiber, mixed paper of cellulose and glass fiber, or a combination of these layers in multiple layers Things can be used.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is obtained by laminating, folding, or winding an electric double layer capacitor structure having a separator interposed between a pair of polarizable electrodes obtained as described above. It is formed into a coin shape, placed in a battery container such as a battery can or a laminate pack, filled with electrolyte, and sealed for a battery can. If it is a toppack, it can be assembled by heat sealing.
- the electric double-layer capacitor of the present invention described above is used as a memory backup power supply for mobile phones, notebook personal computers, portable terminals, etc., a power supply for portable telephones, portable audio equipment, etc., and a power supply for momentary power failure measures, such as personal computers.
- solar power, c also can be suitably used in the power storage Debaisu for various small-current low Dorebe-ring electric Minamoto no Hitoshi by combining the wind power and the like, can be charged and discharged electric double layer in a large current
- the capacitor can be suitably used as a large current storage device requiring a large current, such as an electric vehicle and a power tool.
- a secondary battery according to the present invention is directed to a secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes, and an electrolytic solution.
- the electrolyte at least one of the above-described ionic liquid and an organic solvent having a water content of 50 ppm or less, or at least one ionic liquid or ionic compound dehydrated by the above-mentioned dehydration method is used.
- An organic solution is used.
- the type of the organic solvent and the concentration of the ionic compound are the same as those described for the electric double layer capacitor.
- the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode is appropriately selected according to the use of the electrode, the type of the battery, and the like.
- a chalcogen compound capable of adsorbing / desorbing lithium ions or a chalcogen compound containing lithium ions can be used.
- the good UNA lithium ion in the adsorption removable chalcogen compound may, for example include F e S 2, T i S 2, M o S 2, V 2 O 6, V 6 O 3, M n 0 2 etc.
- Is the above lithium I-one-containing chalcogen compounds such as L i C ⁇ ⁇ 2, L i M n O 2 L i Mn 2 O 4, L i M o 2 0 4, L i V 3 O 8, L i N i 0 2 , L i x N i y M 1 _ y 0 2 (where M is selected from C o, M n, T i, C r, V, A l, S n, P b, and Z n Represents at least one kind of metal element, and includes, for example, 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ l.10 and 0.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.0.
- the negative electrode active material constituting the negative electrode is appropriately selected depending on the use of the electrode, the type of battery, and the like.
- Periodic table that stores and releases alkali metals, alkali alloys, and lithium ions.
- At least one element selected from the elements of groups 8, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 It is possible to use a carbon material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing oxides, sulfides, nitrides, or lithium ions.
- examples of the alkali metal include L i, Na, K, and the like.
- examples of the alkali metal alloy include metal L i, L i -A l, L i -M g, L i —AI — N i, N a, N a —H g, N a —Z n and the like.
- the oxide of at least one element selected lithium ions from the periodic table 8-1 Group 5 element of the storage-and-release for example, Suzukei containing oxide (S n S i O 3) , Richiumu bismuth oxide (L i 3 B i O 4 ) lithium zinc oxide (L i 2 Z n 0 2 ) , and the like.
- Lithium iron sulphide Lithium iron sulphide (L i x F e S 2 (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 3)), copper lithium sulfide (L i x C u S ( 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 3)) and the like
- Lithium iron sulphide Lithium iron sulphide (L i x F e S 2 (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 3)
- copper lithium sulfide Li i x C u S ( 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 3)
- carbon materials capable of reversibly storing and releasing lithium ions include graphite and carbon. Examples include black, coke, glassy carbon, carbon fiber, and a sintered body thereof.
- the binder polymer constituting the positive and negative electrodes, the method for producing the positive and negative electrodes, and the separator are the same as those described for the electric double layer capacitor.
- a battery structure in which a separator is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode is laminated, folded, or wound, and further formed into a coin shape. It can be obtained by storing it in a battery container such as a battery can or a laminate pack, filling it with the above-mentioned electrolytic solution, and sealing it for a battery can or heating it for a laminate pack. it can.
- reaction curable substance such as (meth) acrylate, a compound containing an epoxy group, and a thermosetting urethane can be added to the electrolytic solution as needed, and the reaction can be cured.
- the secondary battery of the present invention described above can operate at high capacity and high current without impairing excellent characteristics such as charge / discharge efficiency, energy density, output density, and life, and has a wide operating temperature range.
- video camera Main power supply for portable terminals such as notebook personal computers, mobile phones, PHS, etc., backup power supply for memory, and power supply for instantaneous power outage countermeasures such as bassocon, electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles It can be suitably used in various applications such as a solar power generation energy storage system used in combination with a solar cell.
- Jetylamine (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) 100 ml and 2-methoxyl chloride (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) 85 ml were mixed, and the resulting mixed solution was placed in an autoclave. put, 1 2 0 when c this was reacted for 12 hours at, the internal pressure was filed with 0. 2 8 3 MP a (2. 9 kgf / cm 2). 12 hours later, an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving 40 g of sodium hydroxide (manufactured by Katayama Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in 200 ml of water was added to the mixture of the precipitated crystals and the reaction solution.
- the pressure of the washed organic layer was reduced by a vacuum pump, and water was sufficiently distilled off to obtain 6.8 g of DMEM + 'TFSI in a liquid state at room temperature.
- reaction product was taken out of the reactor, heated at 100 for 12 hours, and after confirming that the absorption peak of the isocyanate group had disappeared with an infrared absorption spectrum, the heating was stopped and the solid was removed. A urethane resin in the form of was obtained.
- the obtained polyurethane resin has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1.7 1 X It was 1 0 5.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- a cell (hereinafter referred to as an electrolytic cell) was fabricated.
- the water content of the ionic liquid X dehydrated in this manner is determined by the curl fish
- ionic liquid X instead of the ionic liquid X, use an ionic liquid shown in Table 1 or an organic solution containing an alkylammonium salt or a lithium salt.
- the ionic liquid X was dehydrated by publishing nitrogen gas under a dry atmosphere with an ambient temperature of about 25 ° C and a dew point of about 150 ° C, and the water content was measured with the above moisture meter.
- the ionic liquid X was allowed to stand in a dry atmosphere at an ambient temperature of about 25 ° C and a dew point of about 150 ° C, the water content was measured with the above moisture meter.
- Table 1 shows the ionic liquid, the ionic compound-containing organic solution, and the water content after 24 hours of energization in each of the above Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 1 shows the change over time of the water content in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- L i PF 6 / PC was used L i PF 6 a (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) by 1.0 by sea urchin dissolved become M to the PC.
- the ionic liquid X of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were each dissolved in propylene carbonate (hereinafter referred to as PC) in a 1.OM solution as an electrolytic solution, and an electric double layer capacitor was manufactured in the following procedure. .
- activated carbon MSP-20, manufactured by Kansai Thermal Chemical Co., Ltd.
- conductive material Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- binder polymer PV dF900, Kureha
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- an electrode with a thickness of about 0.3 mm was selected for the positive electrode and about 0.5 mm for the negative electrode.
- the above electric double layer capacitor was charged at a current value of 1.0 D (1.8 mA) and a set voltage of 2.5 V, and then charged at 0.2 D, 1.0 D, 3.0 D, 10 D
- the current dependence of the discharge energy was evaluated by discharging at OD and 30.0 D. The result is shown in figure 2.
- the discharge energy of the capacitor of Example 10 is about 2.5 times the discharge energy of the capacitor of Comparative Example 3.
- Jetinole force-carbonate (DEC) 1: 1 solution (produced by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) into propylene carbonate (PC) and bean-carbonate (VC) , Li PF 6 (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), and mix 1 to 6 of 1.0 ME CZ DEC / PC / VC (100.0.0 / 1.57.1 / 1.28.57) /2.857 (mass ratio)) A solution was prepared. .
- L i C o 0 2 as a positive electrode active material (manufactured by Seido Chemical Co.), a conductive material der Ru Ketjen Black EC (manufactured by Lion Corporation), poly fluoride mildew - Li Den (PVDF 1 3 0 0, manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the polyurethane resin solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3 in a mass mixing ratio of 10.0: 4.35: 4.13: 2.72, respectively.
- This slurry was applied to an aluminum sheet (0.020 mm in thickness, manufactured by Nippon Foil Co., Ltd.), then dried and rolled to 50.
- O mm (of which (Part: 40.0 mm) X 20.0 mm and 50.0 X 270.0 mm were cut to obtain a positive electrode.
- the negative electrode active materials MCMB (manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF900, manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd.) were mixed at a mass ratio of 10.00.0: The mixture was mixed at a ratio of 8.70, further dissolved in NMP (mass ratio of 121.7 with respect to MCMB 100), dispersed and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- This slurry was applied to copper foil (0.010 mm thick, manufactured by Nippon Foil Co., Ltd.), then dried and rolled to 50. O mm (in which 40.0 mm) X 20. O mm to obtain a negative electrode.
- a Cenolerose Congress (thickness: 0.035 mm, FT40_35, made by Tsutsubon Advanced Paper Industry Co., Ltd.) cut to 54.0 X 22. O mm An electrode group was obtained by assembling the above two positive electrodes and two negative electrodes. ⁇ Preparation of secondary battery>
- Example 11 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6 Each of the electrolyte solutions prepared in Example 11 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6 was injected in a volume of 100.000 Vo 1% with respect to the space volume of the electrode group, and then subjected to laminating packing.
- the secondary batteries of Examples 12 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8 were obtained.
- faradaic reaction of the positive electrode active material of the battery L i C o 0 2 ⁇ L i x C o 0 2 + (1 - x) L i + + (1 - x) e one
- the theoretical value of the electric capacity corresponding to x 0.5 at 1 3 7 mA h
- the capacity of the positive electrode active material calculated from the Zg is defined as the rated capacity of the battery, and this is defined as the charge state 10.00.0%. (About 36.0 mAh).
- the rechargeable battery was charged up to 1.5 V at a current rate of 0.01 C and further up to 3.20 V at a current rate of 0.05 C as an initial charge.
- the set voltage is 4.20 V and the current ends at 0.10 C
- SOC 0%
- the total of 1.0 C discharge and 0.20 C discharge in the third cycle was defined as the initial capacity of each secondary battery.
- the water content (11 ppm) of the electrolyte of Example 11 in which water was removed by electrolysis was as shown in Comparative Example 5 (18 ppm) and Comparative Example 6 (39 ppm).
- the capacity retention rate after 200 cycles of the secondary battery of Example 12 using this electrolyte was about 82%, about 77% of Comparative Example 7, and about 77% of Comparative Example 8. It is superior to the 46% rechargeable battery, indicating that the effect of water removal is apparent.
- water contained in an ionic liquid or the like is removed by electrolysis, so that a highly dehydrated ionic liquid and an ionic compound-containing organic solvent can be obtained.
- an electric storage device having a high charge / discharge capacity and a high capacitance (electric double layer capacitor, secondary battery, capacitor, etc.) is provided. be able to.
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Description
Claims
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JP2004501948A JPWO2003091198A1 (ja) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | イオン性液体および脱水方法ならびに電気二重層キャパシタおよび二次電池 |
EP03719192A EP1498409A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | Ionic liquid, method of dehydration, electric double layer capacitor, and secondary battery |
KR1020047002522A KR100970918B1 (ko) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | 이온성 액체 및 탈수 방법, 및 전기 이중층 커패시터, 및2차 전지 |
US10/484,613 US7167353B2 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | Ionic liquid, method of dehydration, electrical double layer capacitor, and secondary battery |
CA002454305A CA2454305A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | Ionic liquid and method of dehydration thereof, electrical double-layer capacitor, and secondary cell |
AU2003235119A AU2003235119A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | Ionic liquid, method of dehydration, electric double layer capacitor, and secondary battery |
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EP (1) | EP1498409A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1564805A (zh) | 2005-01-12 |
AU2003235119A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 |
CA2454305A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
US7167353B2 (en) | 2007-01-23 |
JPWO2003091198A1 (ja) | 2005-09-02 |
KR20040103899A (ko) | 2004-12-09 |
US20040199015A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
EP1498409A1 (en) | 2005-01-19 |
KR100970918B1 (ko) | 2010-07-16 |
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