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Definitions

• the invention relates to chemical compounds having kinase inhibitory activity and their use in the treatment of diseases and conditions associated with inappropriate kinase activity.
• Protein kinases are key elements in signal transduction pathways responsible for transducing extracellular signals to the nuclei, triggering various biological events. [Schlessinger, J. and Ullrich, A., "Growth factor signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases," Neuron, 9:383-391 (1992)]
• the many roles of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in normal cell physiology include cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, cell mobility and mitogenesis. [Plowman et al, "Receptor tyrosine kinases as targets for drug intervention," DN&P, 7:334- 339 (1994)].
• Protein kinases include, for example, but are not limited to, extracellular signal- regulated kinases, p42/ERK2 and p44/ERKl; c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK); cAMP- responsive element-binding protein kinases (CREB); cAMP -dependent kinase (CAPK); mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase (MAPKAP); stress-activated protein kinase p38/SAPK2; mitogen-and stress-activated kinase (MSK); pl85 ne 7Her- 2/erbB-2; platelet derived growth factor receptor kinase (PDGFR); colony stimulating factor- 1 receptor kinase (CSF1-R); endothelial growth factor receptor kinase (EGF-R); vascular endothelial growth factor kinase (VEGF-R); fibroblast growth factor receptor
• VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
• VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in tumor angiogenesis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and ocular diseases. [Shawver et al., "Receptor tyrosine kinases as targets for inhibition of angiogenesis,” Drug Discovery Today, 2:50-63 (1997)]
• JAK2 kinase myelo- and lymphoprohferative disorders [Science, 278: 1309-1312 (1997); Blood, 93:2369-2379 (1999)]; Fyn kinase: T-cell leukemia and lymphoma [Curr. Opin. Immunol., 6:372-379 (1994)]; Fgr, Lyn and Hck kinases: rheumatoid arthritis and Crone's disease [J. Exper.
• FGFR kinase Crouzon syndrome, achondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia, leukemia, lymphoma and other autoimmune disorders [Nature Genetics, 8:98 (1994); Cell, 78:335 (1994); Nature Genetics, 13:233 (1996)]; ERK1 and ERK2 kinases: head and neck carcinoma [Br. J. Cancer, 80:1412-1419 (1999)]; Tie-1 and Tie-2 kinases: breast cancer [Cancer Research, 59:3185-3191 (1999); Br. J.
• TrkA, TrkB and TrkC kinases neuroblastoma [Clin. Cancer Res., 5:1491-1496 (1999)]; IKK- ⁇ kinase: inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis [Cell, 90:373-383 (1997); Nature, 388:548-554 (1997); Published PCT application WO 99/34000]; MAPKAP kinase: inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis [Nat. Cell Biol, 1:94-97 (1999)]; p38/SAPK2 kinase: inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis [J. Bio.
• VEGFR kinase melanoma, cancer, tumor angiogenesis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases and vascular disorders [Blood, 94:984-993 (1999); McMahon et al, "Protein kinase inhibitors: structural determinants for target specificity," Drug Discovery & Development, 1 : 131-146 (1998)]; HGF kinase: carcinoma and cancer [Int. J.
• PDGF kinase chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, arteriosclerosis and fibrosis of the liver, lung and kidney [Oncogene, 7:237-242 (1992); New Engl J. Med, 314:488-500 (1986)]
• Alk receptor kinase lymphoma [Cell, 77:307- 316 (1994); Blood, 93:3088-3095 (1999); Oncogene, 14:4035-4039 (1997)]
• Syk kinase anaplastic large cell lymphoma [Science, 263:1281-1284 (1994); FEBSLett., 427:139-143 (1998); J. Biol.
• Inappropriate protein kinase activities thus represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention and in fact, several small molecule kinase inhibitor compounds have been disclosed. Natural products such as staurosporine, lavendustin A, erbstatin, genistein and flavopiridol for example, have been shown to be effective kinase inhibitors. In addition, a number of synthetic tyrosine kinase inhibitors have also been introduced. [McMahon et al, "Protein kinase inhibitors: structural determinants for target specificity," Drug Discovery & Development, 1 : 131-146 (1998)]. The present invention relates to novel compounds effective as inhibitors of inappropriate kinase activities.
• the compounds of the present invention are effective as inhibitors of inappropriate kinase activities and therefore, are useful for the inhibition, prevention and suppression of various pathologies associated with such activities, such as, for example, inflammation, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases, restenosis, autoimmune responses, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, human cancers, fibrosis of the liver, lung and kidney, transplantation rejection, and tumor metastasis.
• the present invention provides a compound, or a salt thereof, represented by Formula I:
• R 1 is chosen from -H, to C 20 hydrocarbon, aminocarbonylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, and substituted heterocyclylalkyl
• R 2 is chosen from halogen, to C 20 hydrocarbon, hydroxy, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocyclyl ,
• R 5 is chosen from -H, alkyl and substituted alkyl
• R 6 is chosen from a direct bond, alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl and heteroaryl; and R 7 is chosen from -H, acyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, amidine, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted
• R 9 is chosen from -H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl and arylcarbonyl;
• R 3 is chosen from a direct bond
• R 4 is chosen from -H, halogen, alkyl, heterocyclyl, alkylamino, aminocarbonyl,
• R 10 is chosen from -H, - OH, alkyl, cycloalkyl and substituted cycloalkyl;
• R 11 is chosen from -H, - OH, - COOH, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, aryl substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted
• R 12 is chosen from alkyl and aryl;
• R 13 is chosen from -H and aryl;
• R 14 is chosen from aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted alkyl, aryl substituted alkyl and alkoxy substituted alkyl,
• R 15 is chosen from alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl and substituted alkyl;
• R 16 is chosen from aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, carboxyl, alkoxy, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aminocarbonyl,
• R 17 is chosen from alkyl and dialkylamino
• R 1 is chosen from Cj toC 20 hydrocarbon and substituted arylalkyl
• R 5 and R 7 are each -H and
• R 6 is chosen from substituted aryl and heteroaryl
• R 3 is chosen from and
• R 4 is -C(0)NHR 15 wherein R 15 is substituted aryl.
• R 1 is chosen from C, toC 20 hydrocarbon, aminocarbonylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl and substituted arylalkyl;
• R 2 is chosen from and R """ R 6 R5 wherein
• R 5 is chosen from -H and substituted alkyl; and R 7 is chosen from -H, - C(0)NR 8 R 9 , - C(NH)NR 8 R 9 and -NR 8 R 9 wherein R 8 is -H; and
• R 9 is chosen from -H, alkyl, aryl and arylcarbonyl; R 3 is chosen from
• R 4 is -H.
• R 2 is R7 "R 6 " N R 5 wherein
• R 5 is chosen from -H and alkyl
• R 7 is chosen from heterocyclyl, substituted heteroaryl, -H, aryl, heteroaryl, substituted alkyl and -NR 8 R 9 wherein
• R 8 is alkyl; and R 9 is substituted alkyl;
• R 3 is chosen from f and
• R 4 is chosen from - C(S)NHR 12 , - C(0)NHR 15 and - C(O)(CH 2 ) 0 . 2 R 1 wherein R 12 is aryl;
• R 15 is substituted aryl
• R 16 is chosen from substituted aryl and heteroaryl.
• R 1 is chosen from C, toC 20 hydrocarbon, aminocarbonylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, and substituted heterocyclylalkyl;
• R 2 is chosen from 0 ⁇ "N and R7 R ⁇ A R 5 wherein
• R 5 is -H
• R 7 is chosen from -H, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, and -NR 8 R 9 wherein
• R 9 is chosen from alkyl carbonyl and substituted alkyl
• R 3 is chosen from j and
• R 4 is chosen from - H and - C(O)(CH 2 ) 0 . 2 R 16
• R 1 is chosen from C, toC 20 hydrocarbon, alkoxyalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, and substituted heterocyclylalkyl;
• R 2 is chosen from and R " 6 R 5 wherein
• R 5 is chosen from -H and alkyl; and R 7 is chosen from -H, heterocyclyl, substituted alkyl, heteroarylsulfonamido, dialkylsulfonamido, -NR 8 R 9 wherein
• R 9 is chosen from alkylcarbonyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl and arylcarbonyl;
• R 3 is chosen from a direct bond
• R 4 is chosen from -H, (CH 2 )o- 2 R > -C(S)NHR 12 , -CHR 13 R 14 ,
• R 10 is -H
• R" is -H
• R 12 is alkyl
• R 13 is -H
• R 14 is chosen from heteroaryl, substituted aryl and alkoxy substituted alkyl
• R 15 is chosen from aryl and substituted aryl
• R 16 is substituted aryl.
• R 14 is chosen from aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted alkyl and aryl substituted alkyl. G) Compounds wherein: R 1 is heteroaryl;
• R 2 is chosen from halogen and " R R ;
• R 3 is chosen from a direct bond
• R 4 is chosen from - C(O)(CH 2 ) 0 . 2 R 16 and .
• inhibiting kinase activity is intended to include inhibiting, suppressing and preventing conditions associated with inappropriate kinase activity, including but not limited to, inflammation, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases, restenosis, autoimmune responses, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, human cancers, fibrosis of the liver, lung and kidney, transplantation rejection, and tumor metastasis.
• the principles of the present invention therefore also provide methods of treating a disease or condition associated with inappropriate kinase activity.
• the methods comprise administering to a mammal in need of such treatment, an effective amount of a compound represented by Formula I , or a prodrug or salt thereof, to inhibit kinase activity, such that the activity is regulated to treat, ameliorate or prevent the disease state or condition associated with that kinase activity.
• Such conditions include for example, but are not limited to, inflammatory and autoimmune responses, diabetes, asthma, arthritis, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases, restenosis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, human cancers, fibrosis of the liver, lung and kidney, inflammatory bowel disease, transplantation rejection, and tumor metastasis.
• "treatment" of a mammal is intended to include prophylaxis and amelioration as well.
• the compounds of the invention may be used in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition or medicament for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of disease states in mammals.
• the compounds of the present invention may be administered as pharmaceutical compositions as a monotherapy, or in combination with other therapeutic agents, such as, for example, other antiinflammatory and or immunosuppressive agents.
• Such other agents may include, for example, antirheumatic, steroid, corticosteroid, NSAID, antipsoriatic, bronchodilator, antiasthmatic and antidiabetic agents.
• combination therapies can involve the administration of the various pharmaceuticals as a single dosage form or as multiple dosage forms administered at the same time or at different times.
• Suitable routes of administration may be employed for providing a patient with an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
• Suitable routes of aoministration may include, for example, oral, rectal, nasal, buccal, parenteral (such as, intravenous, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrasternal, intrahepatic, intralesional, intracranial, intra-articular, and intra-synovial), transdermal (such as, for example, patches), and the like.
• parenteral such as, intravenous, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrasternal, intrahepatic, intralesional, intracranial, intra-articular, and intra-synovial
• transdermal such as, for example, patches
• oral dosage forms such as, for example, tablets, troches, dispersions, suspensions, solutions, capsules, soft gelatin capsules, and the like, may be preferred.
• Administration may also be by controlled or sustained release means and delivery devices. Methods for the preparation of such dosage
• compositions incorporating compounds of the present invention may include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients, in addition to other therapeutic ingredients.
• Excipients such as starches, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, diluents, lubricants, binders, coloring agents, flavoring agents, granulating agents, disintegrating agents, and the like may be appropriate depending upon the route of administration. Because of their ease of administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit forms. If desired, tablets may be coated by standard aqueous or nonaqueous techniques.
• the compounds of the present invention may be used in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts derived from inorganic or organic bases, and hydrates thereof.
• base salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts, such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases, such as dicyclohexylamine salts, N-memyl-D-glucamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, and so forth.
• ATP adenosine triphosphate
• DIEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine
• EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
• HOBt 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole
• MES 2-(N-mo holino)ethanesulfonic acid
• ⁇ -Pr 2 NEt diisopropylethylamine
• Pr 2 NEt dipropylethylamine
• TBS t-butyldimethylsilyl
• Alkyl is intended to include linear or branched hydrocarbon structures and combinations thereof of 1 to 20 carbons.
• “Lower alkyl” means alkyl groups of from 1 to about 10, preferably from 1 to about 8, and more preferably, from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include methyl, ethyl, w-propyl, isopropyl, «-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, wo-amyl, hexyl, octyl and the like.
• Aryl means an aromatic hydrocarbon radical of 4 to about 16 carbon atoms, preferably of 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably of 6 to about 10 carbon atoms.
• the rings may optionally be substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from alkyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, phenyl and heteroaryl. Examples of aryl groups are phenyl, biphenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl and naphthyl.
• Arylalkyl denotes a structure comprising an alkyl attached to an aryl ring. Examples include benzyl, phenethyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, and the like.
• Cycloalkyl refers to saturated hydrocarbon ring structures of from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 2-methylcyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, norbornyl, adamantyl, pinanyl, myrtanyl and the like. “Lower cycloalkyl” refers to cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbons.
• C j to C 20 hydrocarbon radicals include alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and combinations thereof. Examples include phenethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and naphthylethyl.
• Heterocyclyl refers to a cyclic hydrocarbon structure of from 1 to 6, preferably 5 to 6, carbon atoms, and containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms chosen from O, N and S; or a bicyclic 9- to 10-membered heterocyclic system containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms chosen from O, N and S.
• Heteroaryl refers to an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon structure of from 1 to 6, preferably 5 to 6, carbon atoms, and containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms chosen from O, N and S; or a bicyclic 9- or 10-membered heteroaromatic ring system containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S.
• the methine H atoms of a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl structure may be optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy or halogen.
• Examples include: imidazole, pyridine, indole, thiophene, benzopyranone, thiazole, furan, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, pyrimidine, pyrazine, tetrazole, pyrazole, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, tetrazolyl, 2-pyrrolinyL 3-pyrrolinyl, pyrrolindinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl
• Alkoxy means a straight, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon configuration and combinations thereof, including from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and an oxygen atom at the point of attachment. Suitable alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, w-propoxy, isopropoxy, w-butoxy, zso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclopropyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, and the like. "Lower alkoxy” refers to alkoxy groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Alkenyl refers to an unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical in so much as it contains at least one double bond.
• “Lower alkenyl” refers to such radicals containing from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms and more preferably 2 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• suitable alkenyl radicals include propenyl, buten-1-yl, isobutenyl, penten-1-yl, 2-methylbuten-l-yl, 3-methylbuten-l-yl, hexen-1-yl, hepten-1-yl, and octen-1-yl, and the like.
• “Alkynyl” refers to an unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical containing at least one triple bond. Examples include ethynyl, propynyl, and the like.
• Substituted alkyl means an alkyl wherein at least one hydrogen attached to an aliphatic carbon is replaced with a substituent such as alkyl, amino, alkoxy, aryl, cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, alkylamino, alkyloxy, alkylcyano, acetyl, hydroxyl, alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, haloalkyl, acylamino, dialkylamino, and nitro.
• substituent groups include cyano, methyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, amino, methylamino, phenyl, naphthyl, chlorine, fluorine, and the like.
• Substituted cycloalkyl means a cycloalkyl wherein at least one hydrogen attached to a ring carbon is replaced with a substituent such as alkyl, amino, alkoxy, aryl, cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, alkylamino, alkyloxy, alkylcyano, acetyl, hydroxyl, alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, haloalkyl, acylamino, dialkylamino, and nitro.
• a substituent such as alkyl, amino, alkoxy, aryl, cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, alkylamino, alkyloxy, alkylcyano, acetyl, hydroxyl, alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, carboxyalkyl, alk
• substituent groups include cyano, methyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, amino, methylamino, phenyl, naphthyl, chlorine, fluorine, and the like.
• “Substituted aryl” means an aryl wherein at least one methine hydrogen attached to an aromatic carbon is replaced with a substituent such as alkyl, amino, alkoxy, aryl, acetamido, acetyl, cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, alkylamino, alkyloxy, alkylcyano, alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, aminosulphonyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, haloalkyl, acylamino, aminocarbonyl, dialkylamino, and nitro.
• substituent groups include cyano, methyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, amino, methylamino, phenyl, naphthyl, chlorine, fluorine, and the like.
• substituent groups include aryl amides, aryl carboxylic acids, aryl carboxylic acid esters, aryl amidines, and the like, such as benzamide, benzoic acid, benzoic acid ester, benzamidine derivatives and the like.
• Substituted heteroaryl or “substituted heterocyclyl” means a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with such substituents as alkyl, amino, alkoxy, aryl, acetyl, cyano, oxo, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, alkylamino, alkyloxy, alkylcyano, alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, haloalkyl, acylamino, dialkylamino, and nitro.
• substituent groups include cyano, methyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, amino, me ylamino, phenyl, naphthyl, chlorine, fluorine, and the like.
• Substituted arylalkyl means an arylalkyl optionally substituted with such substituents as alkyl, amino, alkoxy, aryl, acetyl, cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, alkylamino, alkyloxy, alkylcyano, alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, aminosulphonyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, haloalkyl, acylamino, dialkylamino, and nitro.
• substituent groups include cyano, methyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, amino, methylamino, phenyl, naphthyl, chlorine, fluorine, and the like.
• Halogen is intended to include for example, F, Cl, Br and I.
• prodrug refers to a chemical compound that is converted to an active agent by metabolic processes in vivo. [See, e.g., N. Boder and J.J. Kaminski, Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. 22:303 (1987) and H. Bundgarrd, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. , 3:39 (1989)].
• a prodrug of a compound of Formula I is intended to mean any compound that is converted to a compound of Formula I by metabolic processes in vivo.
• the use of prodrugs of compounds of Formula I in any of the methods described herein is contemplated and is intended to be within the scope of the invention.
• Terminology related to "protected,” “protecting” and/or “deprotecting” functionalities is used throughout this application. Such terminology is well understood by persons of skill in the art and is used in the context of processes which involve sequential treatment with a series of reagents.
• a protecting group refers to a group which is used to mask a functionality during a process step in which it would otherwise react, but in which reaction is undesirable.
• the protecting group prevents reaction at that step, but may be subsequently removed to expose the original functionality.
• the removal or "deprotection” occurs after the completion of the reaction or reactions in which the functionality would interfere.
• the typical functionalities that must be protected are amines.
• Suitable groups for that purpose are discussed in standard textbooks in the field of chemistry, such as Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis by T.W.Greene [John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991], which is incorporated herein by reference. Particular attention is drawn to the chapter entitled "Protection for the Amino Group” (pages 309-405).
• Preferred protecting groups include BOC and Fmoc. Exemplary methods for protecting and deprotecting with these groups are found in Greene and Wuts on pages 318 and 327.
• solid supports The materials upon which the syntheses described herein are performed are referred to as solid supports, beads, and resins. These terms are intended to include: (a) beads, pellets, disks, fibers, gels, or particles such as cellulose beads, pore-glass beads, silica gels, polystyrene beads optionally cross-linked with divinylbenzene and optionally grafted with polyethylene glycol, poly-acrylamide beads, latex beads, dimethylacrylamide beads optionally cross-linked with N,N'-bis-acryloyl ethylene diamine, glass particles coated with hydrophobic polymer, etc., i.e., material having a rigid or semi-rigid surface; and (b) soluble supports such as polyethylene glycol or low molecular weight, non-cross-linked polystyrene.
• the solid supports may, and usually do, have functional groups such as amino, hydroxy, carboxyl, or halo groups; where amino groups are the most common.
• TentagelTM NH 2 (Rapp Polymere, Tubingen, Germany) is a preferred amine functionalized polyethylene glycol-grafted polystyrene resin.
• Tentagel TM -S-PHB resin has a para-hydroxy benzyl linker which can be cleaved by the use of 90% trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane.
• Techniques for functionalizing the surface of solid phases are well known in the art. Attachment of lysine to the amino groups on a bead (to increase the number of available sites) and subsequent attachment of linkers as well as further steps in a typical combinatorial synthesis are described, for example, in PCT application WO95/30642, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In the synthesis described in WO95/30642, the linker is a photolytically cleavable linker, but the general principles of the use of a linker are well illustrated.
• Optical Isomers - Diastereomers - Geometric Isomers Some of the compounds described herein contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisometric forms which may be defined in terms of absolute stereochemistry as (R)- or (S)- , or as (£>)- or (L)- for amino acids. The present invention is meant to include all such possible diastereomers as well as their racemic and optically pure forms.
• Optically active (R)- and (S)-, or (£>)- and (L)- isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or optically resolved using conventional techniques.
• any carbon-carbon double bond appearing herein is selected for convenience only and is not intended to designate a particular configuration; thus a carbon-carbon double bond depicted arbitrarily herein as trans may be cis, trans, or a mixture of the two in any proportion.
• the compounds of the present invention have demonstrated utility as inhibitors of inappropriate kinase activity.
• the compounds shown in Table 1 have been synthesized according to the methods described herein and have been tested in accordance with the protocols described below. All of the compounds shown exhibited kinase inhibition with an IC 50 below lO ⁇ M.
• Preferred compounds are those with an IC 50 below 5 ⁇ M. More preferred compounds are those with an IC 50 below 1 ⁇ M and most preferred are those with an IC 50 below 500 nM. These compounds are provided by way of illustration only, and the invention is not intended to be limited thereto.
• Biological Assays are provided by way of illustration only, and the invention is not intended to be limited thereto.
• Compound Preparation and Assay Format Compounds were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide as 10 mM stock solutions. For IC 50 determinations, serial dilutions were made at 20x the final concentration used in the assay. Assays were carried out in 96-well U-bottom polypropylene microtiter plates. Jak2 Assay - Casein Substrate / Filtermat Harvest
• the final assay volume was 60 ⁇ l, prepared by first adding 3 ⁇ l of the test compound to 27 ⁇ l of a solution containing 5 ⁇ M ATP, 10 nM [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP and 12 ⁇ M casein in assay buffer (20 mM Tris HC1, pH 8.0, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EDTA and 1 mM DTT), followed by 30 l of 20 nM GST-Jak2 in assay buffer. The plate was mixed by shaking and then incubated at ambient temperature for 45 min. and terminated by adding 5 ⁇ l of 0.5 M EDTA to each sample.
• the final assay volume is 60 ⁇ l prepared from three 20 ⁇ l additions of enzyme, substrates [myelin basic protein (MBP) and ATP] and test compounds in assay buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 50 mM NaCl and 1 mM DTT).
• assay buffer 50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 50 mM NaCl and 1 mM DTT.
• Bacterially expressed, activated p38 or Erkl is pre-incubated with test compounds for 10 min. prior to initiation of reaction with substrates.
• the reaction is incubated at 25° C for 45 min. and terminated by adding 5 ⁇ l of 0.5 M EDTA to each sample.
• the [ ⁇ - 33 P] -incorporated MBP is harvested onto a GF/C filtermat (see below).
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays are ATP, 1 ⁇ M; [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP, 3 nM; MBP (bovine brain, Sigma catalog #M1891), 2 ⁇ g/well; activated p38, 10 nM; activated Erkl (Upstate Biotechnology catalog #14-188), 2.5 ⁇ g/mL, 10 nM; DMSO, 0.3%.
• IKK- ⁇ Assay- GST-IkappaBalpha(l-54) / Filtermat Harvest The final assay volume is 60 ⁇ l prepared from three 20 ⁇ l additions of 3x GST- IkappaBalpha(l-54) in assay buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.6, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA and 1 mM DTT) plus test compound, followed by the addition of 3x baculovirus expressed IKK- ⁇ (S 177E; S 181 E) in assay buffer which is incubated for 10 min prior to initiation of reaction with a 3xATP solution (6 ⁇ M ATP and 9nM [ ⁇ - 33 P] ATP).
• the reaction is incubated at 37°C for 30 min and terminated by harvesting onto a GF/C filtermat (see below).
• the final concentration of reagents in the assay are ATP, 2 ⁇ M; [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP, 3 nM; GST-IkappaBalpha (1-54), 2 ⁇ g/well; IKK- ⁇ ], 5 nM; DMSO, 0.3%.
• the final assay volume is 50 ⁇ l prepared from two 25 ⁇ l additions of 2x GST- RbSE(768-928) in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 2.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, 2 mM DTT), 20 ⁇ M ATP, 0.125 ⁇ Ci [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP plus test compound, followed by the addition of 2x baculovirus expressed His 6 -Cdk4/Cyclin Dl complex in assay buffer. The reaction is incubated at ambient temperature for 45 min. and terminated by addition of 50 ⁇ l of 250 mM EDTA followed by harvesting onto a GF/C filtermat (see below).
• assay buffer 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 2.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, 2 mM DTT
• 20 ⁇ M ATP 0.
• the final concentration of reagents in the assay are ATP, 10 ⁇ M; [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP, 10 nM (0.125 uCi); GST-RbSE(768-928), 2.5 ⁇ M; His 6 -Cdk4/Cyclin Dl complex (lO ⁇ g per well); DMSO max , 2%.
• the final assay volume is 50 ⁇ l prepared from two 25 ⁇ l additions of 2x Histone HI in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 2.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM ⁇ - mercaptoethanol, 2 mM DTT), 20 ⁇ M ATP, 0.125 ⁇ Ci [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP plus test compound, followed by the addition of 2x baculovirus expressed Cdk2/ His 6 -Cyclin E complex in assay buffer. The reaction is incubated at ambient temperature for 45 min. and terminated by addition of 50 ⁇ l of 250 mM EDTA followed by harvesting onto a GF/C filtermat (see below).
• 2x Histone HI in assay buffer 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 2.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM ⁇ - mercaptoethanol, 2 mM DTT
• 20 ⁇ M ATP 0.
• the final concentration of reagents in the assay are ATP, 10 ⁇ M; [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP, 10 nM (0.125 ⁇ Ci); Histone HI, 0.5 ⁇ M (1.0 ⁇ g/well); Cdk2/ His 6 -Cyclin E complex, 10 nM; DMSO max , 2%.
• ATP 10 ⁇ M
• [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP 10 nM
• Histone HI 0.5 ⁇ M (1.0 ⁇ g/well)
• Cdk2/ His 6 -Cyclin E complex 10 nM
• DMSO max 2%.
• the final assay volume is 50 ⁇ l prepared from two 25 ⁇ l additions of 2x Histone (type III-SS) in assay buffer (40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8, Mg(OAc) 2 ), 20 ⁇ M ATP, 0.02 ⁇ Ci [ ⁇ - 32 P]ATP plus test compound, followed by the addition of 2x baculovirus expressed Cdk2/ His 6 -Cyclin E complex in assay buffer.
• the reaction is incubated at ambient temperature for 45 min. and terminated quenching with 50 ⁇ l of 200 mM EDTA, 75 mM phosphoric acid followed by harvesting onto a GF/C filtermat (see below).
• the final concentration of reagents in the assay are ATP, 50 ⁇ M; [[ ⁇ - 32 P]ATP, x nM (0.02 ⁇ Ci), Histone, 2.4 ⁇ g/well; PKA, 10U (0.21 ⁇ g); DMSO max , 2%.
• the Src kinase assay is based on the phosphorylation of a recombrnant His 6 -zeta chain substrate peptide adsorbed to a Costar 96-well microtiter plate (EIA-RIA High
• the His 6 -zeta chain can be adsorbed to a Xenopore Nickel plate. If background is a problem, TBS supplemented with 0.02% Tween 20 can replace TBS.
• This assay is carried out in a 50 ⁇ l volume. Plates are first coated with 8-12 ⁇ g/well zeta chain in 100 ⁇ l per well TBS and allowed to stand at 4°C overnight, followed by a 3x wash with TBS. The plates are blocked using TBS, 1%BSA, 200 ⁇ l per well at ambient temperature for 1 hr, followed by a 3x TBS wash. 25 ⁇ l of Src (100 ng/well) in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 10 mM MgCl 2 ), followed by addition 25 ⁇ l of test compound and 20 ⁇ M ATP in assay buffer. The reaction is allowed to proceed for 45 min. at ambient temperature with shaking.
• the reaction is terminated by washing the plate 3x with TBS.
• Incorporated phosphate is determined by adding 5 ng/well anti- phosphotyrosine-Eu in 100 ⁇ l of TBS, 1%BSA, 50 ⁇ M DPTA and incubating at ambient temperature with shaking for 1 hr.
• the plate is washed 6x with TBS followed by the addition of 150 ⁇ l of enhancement buffer, shaken for 5 min. and measured on a Victor time- resolved plate reader.
• the final concentration of reagents in the plate are Src, 0.1U (100 ng); ATP, 10 ⁇ M; DMSO, 0.5%.
• c-Abl Assav-Biotin Peptide Substrate / NeutrAvidin Plate Capture The c-Abl kinase assay is based on the phosphorylation of a biotinylated substrate peptide bound to a NeutrAvidin (Pierce, Rockville, IL) coated flat bottom polystyrene 96- well microtiter plate. The phosphorylated peptide product is subsequently detected using an europium-labeled anti-phosphotyrosine antibody (Wallac Oy, Turku, Finland).
• Assay plates are made 24 hours in advance of the assay by coating a Costar EIA/RIA plate with 50 ⁇ l of 2 ⁇ g/mL NeutrAvadin in TBS using the a Tomtec liquid dispenser. The plate is allowed to stand for 2 hours at ambient temperature or overnight at 4°C. The plate is washed 3x with TBS, 0.1% Tween-20 (TBST). Using the Tomtec liquid dispenser, the plate is next coated with 40 ⁇ l of 100 nM Abl biotinylated substrate peptide (Glu-Ala-Ile-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe- Ala-Lys( ⁇ -biotin)-NH 2 ) in TBS, 1.0% BSA. The plate is allowed to stand for 2 hours at ambient temperature or up to 1 week at 4°C, and then washed 3x with TBST.
• TBS 0.1% Tween-20
• the assay is carried out by the addition of 20 ⁇ l of test compound in assay buffer to the assay plate followed by addition of 40 ⁇ l of a mixture of c-Abl, ATP and anti-pY-Eu in assay buffer.
• the final concentrations of reagents per well in solution are c-abl, 3U; ATP, 2 ⁇ M; anti-pY-Eu, 0.1 ⁇ g/mL.
• the plate is vortexed lightly for 5 min. and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 1 hr. at ambient temperature.
• the reaction is quenched by washing 3x with TBST.
• Europium counts are measured following the addition of 100 ⁇ l Enhancement solution (Wallac) per well on a Victor time-resolved plate reader (Wallac).
• VEGF Kinase Assay This assay may be used to detect VEGF binding.
• VEGF is a peptide growth factor that binds to two structurally related tyrosine kinase receptors, Fltl and KDR.
• Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells express two distinct populations of binding sites with affinities similar to those for Fltl and KDR, respectively.
• the KDR expressing cells show striking changes in cell morphology, actin reorganization and membrane ruffling, chemotaxis and mitogenicity upon VEGF stimulation, whereas Fltl expressing cells lack such responses.
• KDR undergoes ligand-induced autophosphorylation in intact cells, and both Fltl and KDR are phosphorylated in vitro in response to VEGF, however, KDR much more efficiently than Fltl .
• Zap-70 Kinase Assay The assay is performed in black 384-well plates at a final volume of 20 ⁇ l.
• the bacterial expressed cytoplasmic domain of human erythrocyte band 3 (cdb3) is used as a protein substrate for Zap-70 kinase.
• the assay plates are coated with cdb3 (10 ⁇ g/mL) at 4°C overnight, and washed with TBS once.
• 10 ⁇ l of test compounds in kinase buffer 25 mM MES, pH6.7, 10 mM MnCl 2 , 0.1% BSA and 2 ⁇ M ATP
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays are ATP, 1 ⁇ M; MES pH 67 , 25 mM; MnCl 2 , 10 mM;
• reaction mixture was aspirated onto a pre-wet filtermat using a Skatron Micro96 Cell Harvester (Skatron, Inc.), then washed with PBS.
• the filtermat is then dried in a microwave oven for 1 min., treated with MeltilLex A scintillation wax (Wallac Oy, Turku, Finland), and counted on a Microbeta scintillation counter Model 1450 (Wallac). Inhibition data were analyzed by nonlinear least-squares regression using Prizm
• Scheme 1 illustrates a solution phase synthesis via chloropyrimidines
• Scheme 2 illustrates a solution phase synthesis via fluoropyrimidines.
• 390 mg of the free amine 22 (1.1 mmol) is treated with 0.6 mL of ;-Pr 2 NEt and 500 mg 6- i ⁇ mdazolyl-2,4-dicMoropyrimidine (2.0 mmol) in DMF at 50 °C for 16 hr, then diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NH C1, H 2 0, brine, dried over MgS0 4 and concentrated and purification by flash chromatography (eluted with 8:10:1 EtOAc : Hexanes : MeOH) to give 23 and 24.
• 2-amino-l-methylbenzimidazole (5.15 g, 35 mmol) was added to a solution of trifluoropyrimidine (4.40 g, 32.8 mmol) and /Pr 2 NEt (5.9 mL, 34 mmol) in CH 2 C1 2 .
• the reaction mixture was concentrated to approximately 30 mL.
• the two regioisomers, 2-(2-am o-l-me ylbenzirrudazole)-4,6-difluoropyrimidine 29 and 4-(2- amino-1 -methyl benzrmidazole)-2,6-difluoropyrimidine 30 were separated by silica gel chromatography (50-100% ethyl acetate in toluene). 2.04 g (23%) of the 4-substituted regioisomer and 2.17 g (25%) of the 2-substituted regioisomer were isolated.

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