US5837789A - Fluid-absorbing polymers, processes used in their production and their application - Google Patents

Fluid-absorbing polymers, processes used in their production and their application Download PDF

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US5837789A
US5837789A US08/752,889 US75288996A US5837789A US 5837789 A US5837789 A US 5837789A US 75288996 A US75288996 A US 75288996A US 5837789 A US5837789 A US 5837789A
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Dolf Stockhausen
Hans-Georg Hartan
Helmut Brehm
Gerd Jonas
Bernfried Messner
Klaus Pflueger
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Evonik Operations GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
    • C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
    • C08F290/06—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C08F290/062—Polyethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00
    • C08F261/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols
    • C08F261/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols on to polymers of vinyl alcohol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F267/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F22/00
    • C08F267/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F22/00 on to polymers of esters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes

Definitions

  • the invention concerns superabsorbing polymers for watery liquids, processes used in their production and their application.
  • the polymers based on monomers containing carboxylate groups and obtained by a special combination of cross-linking agents and other comonomers, show a combination of properties never attained before with regard to absorption rate, high retention at high absorption under pressure, low soluble content and good permeability of the gel layer for watery liquids under pressure load and stable surface cross-linkage.
  • Superabsorbent polymers are water-insoluble cross-linked polymers which are capable through swelling and with the formation of hydrogels of absorbing large quantities of watery liquids and body fluids such as urine and blood and of retaining the absorbed amount of fluid under a certain pressure. Because of these typical absorption properties the polymers are mostly used for integrating into sanitary articles such as diapers and ladies' napkins.
  • superabsorbent polymers are mainly cross-linked polyacrylic acids or cross-linked starch/acrylic acid graft copolymers in which the carboxyl groups are partly neutralized with sodium or potassium ions.
  • superabsorbent polymers is mainly carried out by polymerisation of watery solutions of mixtures of partly-neutralized acrylic acid and cross-linking agent to a polymer gel which is mechanically broken up into small pieces, dried and then ground to a certain particle size.
  • polymer powders can also be obtained by inverse suspension polymerisation in which the watery monomer phase in an oil phase, consisting, for example, of cyclohexane, is suspended with auxiliary agents and then poymerised. By azeotropic distillation the water contained in the polymer droplets is removed and the polymer particles then isolated by filtering off from the oil phase.
  • AUL fluid take-up under pressure
  • the characteristics of the superabsorbers can be improved by the process of subsequent surface cross-linkage, in particular their fluid absorption under pressure, as the well-known phenomenon of "gel blocking" is suppressed, in which swollen polymer particles stick together and prevent any further absorption and distribution of fluid in the diaper.
  • the carboxyl groups of the polymer molecules are cross-linked on the surface of the super-absorber particles with crosslinking agents at a raised temperature.
  • crosslinking agents multivalent metal salts, glycidyl compounds, polyols, polyepoxides, polyamines, alkylene carbonates and polyethylene glycols are used.
  • Subsequent cross-linking can be carried out several times.
  • various screening fractions are used, depending on the application, e.g. for diapers between 100 and 800 ⁇ , for cable insulation under 200 ⁇ .
  • the fine constituents of the superabsorbers are of advantage because of their tendency to gel blocking, as this blocks off the water penetrating the cable. In the diaper this effect is not desired as it impedes the absorption and distribution of fluid, and so larger screening fractions are selected.
  • the optimization of application properties of the superabsorbing polymers was carried out in the past mainly by varying the type and amount of cross-linking agent, by the pH value during polymerization and by after-treatment of the polymer particles in the form of a coating or subsequent surface cross-linking. So far, however, it has not been possible to make available any superabsorber combining the properties of high retention, high AUL (63 g/cm 2 , 0.9 psi) and low soluble contents and at the same time high permeability in the gel layer for watery liquids under pressure load, high rate of absorption and lasting surface cross-linkage.
  • WO 94/09043 The basis of WO 94/09043 is the problem of developing new superabsorbing polymers with increased absorption capacity for watery liquids, even under pressure. It describes the solution to this problem as double cross-linked superabsorbers whose first stage of production is cross-linking during polymerization with methylene bisacrylamide, bis(acrylamido)acetic acid, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, esters or amides with terminal vinyl and allyl functions or highly ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate and as a second stage the coating of the resulting polymer particles on the surface with a cross-linking agent, followed by cross-linking.
  • the preferred surface cross-linking agents are polyhydroxy compounds which are applied together with water or water/solvent mixtures and caused to react at raised temperatures (175°-230° C.) after the moisture in the polymer gel of the first stage has been at least partly removed.
  • AUL values are then in a range between 10 and 26 gig, depending on the type, whereby the products with the highest AUL values only reach absorption values of 30 g/g.
  • Absorption values of over 30 gig are, as example 3B (absorption 35 g/g and AUL 16.5 gig) shows, only possible at the expense of the AUL at 42 g/cm 2 (0.6 psi).
  • WO 93/121237 describes superabsorbent polymers which are cross-linked with unsaturated esters of polyalkyl glycols and which, through a subsequent heating process, achieve an improvement in properties with regard to retention and liquid absorption under a low pressure of 21 g/cm 2 (0.3 psi) of up to 25 g/g.
  • Ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate is the preferred cross-linking agent, whereby the number of EO units per polyglycol chain can be between 2 and 7. According to this paper the use of non- or only slightly ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate leads to considerably worse properties of the superabsorber which is cross-linked with it.
  • Reissue Pat. No. 32,649 deals with the production of non-grafted superabsorbent polymers with a high gel volume, high gel strength, measured via the shear modulus and low soluble contents.
  • the gel volume should be at least 20 g/g and the maximum value of the soluble components, measured after 1 hour, should not exceed 7.5% and in the state of equilibrium after 16 hours be no more than 17%.
  • the polymers should be polymerized in a low watery starting concentration of 8 to 24 % by weight from acrylic acid which is not neutralized.
  • cross-linkage preferably takes place with N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide, trimethylol propane triacrylate or triallylamine. This is followed by crushing, neutralization, grinding and drying.
  • EP 690 077 describes superabsorbers having an improved breaking strength by using polyethylene glycols and derivatives, such as methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylates used as additives or comonomers.
  • the superabsorbers are distinguished by the fact that there are less particles in the range ⁇ 5 ⁇ m in a grinding test when compared with a reference product. There are no statements with respect to the swelling properties of the superabsorbers after mechanical load.
  • the described superabsorbers are neither produced with special pre-cross-linking agents nor with subsequent surface cross-linking agents.
  • the indicated absorptions under a pressure of at least 17 g/g, preferably >20 g/g merely relate to an extremely low load of about 20 g/cm 2 and--measured against the art--are not in an acceptable region.
  • prior art superabsorbers provide higher absorptions under a higher pressure (63 g/cm 2 ) of >20 g/g.
  • using polyethylene glycols to dedust superabsorbers is known.
  • Low soluble components are also a precondition for superabsorbers which have to show a practical swelling pressure over a long time. If the amount of soluble contents is over 12% the superabsorber can no longer, after being subjected to pressure for 16 hours, in a diaper for example, store the amount of fluid required for application technological reasons.
  • the permeability in the layer (i.e., in x,y-direction) of the absorbent article comprising the superabsorber particularly gains in importance when constructions are used having an ever reducing fluff amount with a simultaneously increasing superabsorber amount. This additionally gains in importance if the liquid distribution has to take place under a pressure of 50 g/cm 2 , for example.
  • a suitable method to determine the permeability of a gel layer in x,y-direction under pressure is the method of determining the absorption under pressure through a size-reduced aperture in the bottom of a so-called AAP-cylinder unit.
  • the AAP-cylinder unit is described in EP 640 330 on page 14 (Absorption against Pressure test).
  • Superabsorbent polymers which are to meet today's state of the art with respect to absorbent article construction, must support the liquid transport in x,y-direction, i.e., within the gel layer, such that highest possible absorption values are achieved in the mentioned measuring method. The measured values are then calculated against the respective absorption against pressure at the same load (20 g/cm 2 or 50 g/cm 2 ) and are expressed as percentage absorption.
  • the demands placed on diapers comprising larger amounts of superabsorber require values in the range of >50%; for the surface-reduced AAP-value at least 15 g/g must be achieved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide new polymers and a process for making them. These polymers were to be used as superabsorbers in diapers or other technical applications and were to have an improved combination of properties with regard to retention, fluid absorption under pressure at 63 g/cm 2 (0.9 psi) and soluble components, and which, due to their polymer composition, were to have an efficient and lasting surface cross-linkage and, due to their permeability, permit a good liquid distribution in swollen condition even under pressure (50 g/cm 2 ). Moreover, the superabsorbers should possess a high suction rate and a high swelling pressure.
  • cross-linked polymers absorbing watery liquids, built-up of partially neutralized monomers having monoethylenically unsaturated acid groups and optionally further monomers copolymerizable therewith as well as optional water-soluble polymers suitable as graft basis, that are produced using a cross-linker combination of
  • R 1 multivalent C2-10-alkyl
  • R 2 linear or branched C2-10-alkenyl
  • R 3 H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 ,
  • R 4 H, linear or branched C1-10-alkyl
  • R 5 CO, CH 2 ,
  • R 6 H, CH 3 ,
  • the cross-linking agents thus invented according to formula I contain a (meth)allyl function and a (meth)acrylic acid ester function as well as a hydrophilic chain situated between these two functions consisting of at least three, but preferably five to twenty ethylene oxide units.
  • the solubility of the cross-linking agent in the monomer solution to be polymerized can be adjusted by the relationship of EO/PO units.
  • the cross-linkers can be produced, for example, by esterification of alkoxylated allyl alcohol with (meth)acryllc acid.
  • cross-linking agents there may be residues of starting components to be found due to the manufacturing process which do not, however, have a negative effect on the properties of the superabsorber.
  • the cross-linking agents according to formula I or their mixtures are used in a ratio of 0-1.0% by weight or preferably 0.05-0.6% by weight, or even better 0.1-0.4% by weight with regard to the whole monomers.
  • the newly-invented monomers to be used with the cross-linkers according to formula II are preferably (meth)acrylic acid ester or (meth)allyl alcohol ether from polyalkylene glycols.
  • a preferred type is the polyoxyalkylene glycol chain with a terminal alkyl residue.
  • the C number in the alkyl residue is in the range 1-10, preferably in the range 1-7, more preferably in the range 1-4.
  • the polyoxyalkylene glycol chain is preferably composed of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, whereby the solubility of the cross-linker in the watery monomer solution can be adjusted by the ratio of EO/PO.
  • the content of alkyl glycol units in the chain is in the range 1-45, preferably in the range 1-30, and at best In the range 5-25.
  • the monomers according to formula 11 or their mixtures are used at up to 0.1-10% by weight, preferably at 0.5-5% by weight, or more preferably at 1.0-3.5% by weight with regard to the whole monomers.
  • (meth)acrylic acid as the acidic component.
  • cross-linking agent III polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate is used.
  • cross-linking agent III di- or triallylamine and/or N,N-methylanebisacrylamide and/or bisacrylamido acetic acid are used.
  • mixtures of the last-mentioned cross-linking agents with the previously mentioned carboxylic acid esters of the polyhydroxy compounds exhibit an excellent activity.
  • the cross-linkers in formula III or their mixtures are used at 0.01-1.0% by weight, preferably at 0.05-0.6% by weight, more preferably 0.05-0.3% by weight with regard to the monomers.
  • the cross-linkers according to III are partly available commercially, e.g. trimethylol propane oxethylate triacrylate from the firm Cray Valley under the name Sartomer SR 415 (20 EO), Craynor 435 (15 EO), Sartomer RO 208 (9 EO), Sartomer 454 (3 EO), and pentaerythritol oxethylate tetraacrylate under the name Craynor SR 494 (5 EO) and Servocure RTT 192 (5 EO) from the firm Servo Delden BV, glycerine ethoxylate triacrylate (5,5 EO) under the name Sartomer 921 and glycerine propoxylate triacrylate under the name Sartomer 9021 from the firm Cray Valley, as well as polyethylene glycol-400-diacrylate as Craynor SR 344 and polyethylene glycol600dimethacrylate as Craynor SR 252 from the firm Cray Valley.
  • the newly invented polymer for absorbing watery liquids is obtained by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers bearing acid groups, for example from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetic acid, maleic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, (methyl)allyl sulfonic acid or their mixtures in the presence of the cross-linker/monomer combination of the components I, II and III.
  • the ratio of these acidic monomers in the monomer mixture is 55-99% by weight.
  • the acidic monomers are at least 25% mole, preferably 50% mole, more preferably 50 to 80% mole neutralized and are present, for example, as sodium, potassium or ammonium salt or their mixtures. Neutralization is carried out either by the addition of the corresponding alkali or ammonium hydroxides or with the corresponding carbonates or hydrogen carbonates.
  • the newly invented polymers can contain further comonomers in order to modify their properties.
  • Such comonomers can be, for example, (meth)acrylamide, (meth)acryl nitrile, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl acetamide, hydroxy ethyl acrylate, alkyl aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates, alkyl amino-propyl acrylamides, acryl amidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or their mixtures.
  • Such comonomers should not exceed a proportion of 40% by weight as they may negatively affect the swelling capacity of the superabsorber.
  • the newly invented polymers may contain water-soluble polymers as a graft basis in quantities of up to 30% by weight.
  • water-soluble polymers include, among others, partly or fully saponified polyvinyl alcohols, starch or starch derivatives, cellulose or cellulose derivatives, polyacrylic acids, polyglycols or their mixtures.
  • the molecular weights of the polymers added as a graft basis have to be adapted to the polymerization conditions. It may be necessary, for example in the case of a watery solution polymerization, for reasons of the viscosity of the polymer solution, to use only low or medium molecular polymers, whereas in suspension polymerization this factor plays a minor role.
  • the partly neutralized acrylic acid in a watery solution in the presence of the cross-linker/monomer combination of I, II and III as well as any necessary polymer additives is transformed into a gel by radical polymerization which is then reduced in size, dried, ground, re-cross-linked and sieved down to the desired particle size.
  • the solution polymerization can be carried out continuously or discontinuously.
  • the patent literature contains a broad spectrum of possible variations with regard to the concentration ratios, temperatures, type and quantity of the initiators as well as a multitude of re-cross-linking possibilities. Typical processes are described in the following patent specifications, which are herewith intended to become a part of the newly invented manufacturing process: U.S. Pat. No. 4,076,663, U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,082, DE 27 06 135, DE 35 03 458, DE 40 20 780, DE 42 44 548, DE 43 23 001, DE 43 33 056, DE 44 18 818.
  • the second method includes the inverse suspension and emulsion polymerization process.
  • a watery, partly neutralized acrylic acid solution is dispersed with the help of protective colloids and/or emulsifiers in a hydrophobic, organic solvent and polymerization started by radical initiators.
  • the cross-linking agents are either dissolved in the monomer solution and are dosed with this together or separately, and if necessary added subsequently.
  • the addition of any polymer graft bases which may be present is carried out via the monomer solution or by direct addition into the oil phase. After the end of the polymerization the water is removed azeotropically from the reaction mixture and the polymer product filtered off.
  • the addition of the subsequent cross-linking agent is often carried out to advantage in the form of a solution in water, organic solvents or their mixtures, in particular when small quantities of re-cross-linking agent are used.
  • Suitable mixing machines for the application of the re-cross-linking agent are, for example, Patterson-Kelly mixer, DRAIS eddy mixer, Lodige mixer, Ruberg mixer, screw mixer, pan mixer and fluidized bed mixer as well as continuously working vertical mixers in which the powder is mixed at a high frequency by means of rotating knives (Schugi mixer).
  • heating is carried out up to temperatures of 120° to 250° C., preferably up to 135° to 200° C., more preferably up to 150° to 185° C. in order to carry out the re-cross-linking reaction.
  • the length of the subsequent heating is limited by the point at which the desired set of properties of the superabsorber is destroyed again as a result of heat damage.
  • the newly invented superabsorbers show an unprecedented combination of favorable properties. Due to the positive influence of the cross-linker/comonomer combination the high retention of the polymer present before re-cross-linking is stabilized to such an extent that after the surface re-cross-linking a retention of over 30 g/g is still measured.
  • the swollen gel particles stand out due to their dry handle, i.e. they do not possess the undesired wet, sticky surface which arises with Insufficient cross-linking/re-cross-linking.
  • the soluble contents after 1 hour are less than 6.5%, preferably less than 5% or after 16 hours less than 10%, preferably less than 8%.
  • the liquid absorption under a pressure (AUL) of 63 g/cm 2 (0.9 psi) Is greater than 20 g/g, preferably greater than 23 g/g, more preferably greater than 25 g/g.
  • the superabsorbers Due to the cross-linker/monomer combination according to the present invention the superabsorbers obtain an excellent permeability for liquids in swollen condition under load.
  • the swelling pressure of the newly-invented polymers is high and after 20 minutes is at least 600 g, preferably at least 800 g, more preferably greater than 900 g.
  • the newly-invented hydrophilic superabsorbers are used everywhere where watery liquids have to be absorbed.
  • AUL fluid absorption under pressure
  • the soluble contents (1 hour and 16 hours) are determined as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,654,039, with the exception that a 0.9% sodium chloride solution is used as test fluid instead of synthetic urine.
  • the residual monomers (RM) are determined from the filtrate from the determination of the soluble components by means of the HPLC method, and evaluated according to the method of the internal standard.
  • SP Swelling Pressure
  • the swelling pressure is determined in a Stevens LFRA Texture Analyser (setting: speed: 1.0 mm/sec; distance 00, hold position). To this purpose 0.500 g of the powder is weighed into a measuring cylinder of 7.4 cm height and 2.7 cm diameter (grain fraction 300-600 mm), to which 10 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride solution is added. Then the measuring cylinder (height 3.5 cm, diameter 2.5 cm) is placed into the cylinder until the distance of the level of the lower edge of the cylindrical measuring body amounts to 12 mm from the surface of the sample in the measuring cylinder. Owing to the gel expansion the measuring cylinder is pushed upwards against a two-way force-measuring cell and is indicated at the device in grams. The swelling pressure SP is measured after different periods of time.
  • This test determines a superabsorbers capability of sucking liquid out of a liquid reservoir under a defined pressure. This is carried out by means of a cylinder unit having a reduced suction surface. In contrast to the usual method of determining the Absorption against Pressure, the liquid transport in xy-direction (permeability) in the gel layer is also observed.
  • the measuring apparatus described in EP 640 330, page 14, is used as cylinder unit for measuring. This apparatus is modified such that part of the sieve bottom is covered with a layer which is impermeable to liquids. In the middle of the sieve bottom, centrally arranged, there is left a circular aperture through which liquid absorption takes place. The remaining suction surface may amount, for example, to 9, 14, 17, 25, 34, or 60% of the original surface of 28.27 cm 2 .
  • the percentage suction surface, relative to the usual AAP-surface of 28.27 cm 2 is indicated as index Ax:
  • the load optionally amounts to 20 g/cm 2 or 50 g/cm 2 .
  • the filter plate lies in the liquid up to its upper edge.
  • 0.9% NaCl-solution is used, other test solutions, such as synthetic urine, may also be used.
  • Supernatant liquid is to be avoided.
  • the SAP is allowed to suck for a defined period. In general, the residence time amounts to 60 minutes; optionally other periods are possible.
  • the Absorption against Pressure with reduced suction surface can be determined by re-weighing the cylinder unit. At least one double determination is to be carried out each time.
  • the AAP-value with the corresponding load is also determined.
  • Calculation of the surface-reduced AAP-A x -value is effected according to the following fomula: ##EQU1## ⁇ AAP-A r ⁇ : Absorption against Pressure with reduced suction surface g/g!
  • a cylindrical hollow body made of corundum with an internal diameter and an internal length of approximately 8 cm is filled with 20 g of superabsorber powder and approximately 130 g of cylindrical corundum particles which have a diameter and length of 1.27 cm each, and then rotated at a rate of 150 r.p.m. After 10 minutes the stability test is terminated and the absorption under pressure determined (AUL 63).
  • a) 400 kg/h of a 33% monomer solution made of acrylic acid, partly neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution at 70% mole, 3.5% by weight (relative to the acrylic acid) methoxy polyethylene glycol (22EO) methacrylate, 0.35% by weight (relative to the acrylic acid), trimethylol propane triacrylate, and 0.4% by weight sodium carbonate (relative to the acrylic acid) is rinsed continuously with nitrogen and mixed at 4-5° C. with the following catalyst solutions: 100 ppm hydrogen peroxide, 150 ppm sodium peroxide sulfate and 100 ppm azoisobutyroamidine dihydrochloride.
  • the gel produced is reduced to small pieces and dried on a belt drier at an air temperature of 160° C.
  • the polymer After grinding and sieving off to 150-850 ⁇ m the polymer is put into temporary storage.
  • the powdery polymer obtained after comparison 1 a) is sprayed continuously at a rate of 80 kg/h in a paddle mixer (2000 r.p.m.) with 1.5% of a solution of 1 part of ethylene carbonate and 2 parts of water and warmed in a paddle drier equipped with heated mixed elements.
  • the powdery polymer produced according to example 1a) is after-treated as in comparison example 1b) and has the following properties:
  • the polymer produced according to example 2 is coated as in comparison example 1b) and treated thermically. It has the following characteristic data:
  • a polymerisation preparation of altogether 1000 g is made up.
  • acrylic acid as well as the cross-linking agent, comonomers and further components to be used are prepared in completely softened water. Whilst being stirred and allowed to cool this is then partly neutralized with 50% sodium hydroxide solution to a degree of neutralization of 70%. The solution is cooled down to 7°-8° C. and nitrogen bubbled through until the oxygen content of the monomer solution has dropped to a level below 0.2 ppm.
  • Re-cross-linking 100 g of the sieved polymer is mixed thoroughly with a solution of 0.5 g ethylene carbonate, 2 g VE water and 4 g acetone and then heated 25 min to a temperature of 180° C. in an oven.
  • composition of the superabsorbers with regard to the cross-linkers, comonomers and further components as well as the properties of the product are listed in tables 1 to 3.
  • Example 1 According to the general formulation of Example 1 a test was carried out with a cross-linker/monomer combination of 2.5%-wt. methoxypolyethylene glycol(22EO)-methacrylate, 0.35%-wt. polyethylene glycol(10EO)-monoallyl ether-acrylate, and 0.12%-wt. triallylamine.
  • the starting product had a retention of 38 g/g, the re-cross-linked product had a retention of 32.5 g/g, an AUL (63 g/cm 2 ) of 26.5 g/g, an AUL according to SDOV of 20 g/g, a swelling pressure of 1340 g (after 20'), and 1080 g (after 2h), and 6.4% soluble contents (after 16h).
  • Example 1 According to the general formulation of Example 1 a test was carried out using a cross-linker/monomer combination of 1%-wt, methoxypolyethylene glycol(17EO)methacrylate, 0.3%-wt. polyethylene glycol(10EO)monoallyl ether acrylate, and 0.1%-wt. 3-EO-trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
  • the starting product had a retention of 37.5 g/g
  • the re-cross-linked product had a retention of 32.5 g/g
  • Example 1 According to the general formulation of Example 1 a test was carried out using a cross-linker/monomer combination of 2%-wt. methoxypolyethylene glycol(17EO)-methacrylate, 0.3%-wt. polyethylene glycol (10EO)-monoallyl ether acrylate, and 0.1%-wt. 3-EO-trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
  • the starting product had a retention of 37.5 g/g
  • the re-cross-linked product had a retention of 31.5 g/g
  • Example 1 According to the general formulation of Example 1 a test was carried out using a cross-linker/monomer combination of 3%-wt. methoxypolyethylene glycol(17EO)-methacylate, 0.3%-wt. polyethylene glycol(10EO)-monoallyl ether acrylate, and 0.1%-wt. 3-EO-trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
  • the starting product had a retention of 39 g/g
  • the re-cross-linked product had a retention of 32 g/g
  • Example 1 According to the general formulation of Example 1 a test was carried out using a cross-linker/monomer combination without methoxypolyethylene glycol(17EO)-methacrylate and consisting of 0.3%-wt. polyethylene glycol(10EO)-monoallyl ether acrylate and 0.1%-wt. 3-EO-trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
  • the starting product had a retention of 33 g/g
  • the re-cross-linked product had a retention of 32 g/g
  • the AAP50-A 34 value is determined in commercially available superabsorbers.
  • the measured values prove that the products do not reach the limiting values demanded according to the present invention (Table 6).

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
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