US20180216107A1 - Oligonucleotide compositions and methods thereof - Google Patents

Oligonucleotide compositions and methods thereof Download PDF

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US20180216107A1
US20180216107A1 US15/746,199 US201615746199A US2018216107A1 US 20180216107 A1 US20180216107 A1 US 20180216107A1 US 201615746199 A US201615746199 A US 201615746199A US 2018216107 A1 US2018216107 A1 US 2018216107A1
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oligonucleotides
composition
oligonucleotide
linkages
wing
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Maria David Frank-Kamenetsky
Hailin Yang
Aaron Morris
Chandra Vargeese
Christopher J. Francis
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Wave Life Sciences Pte Ltd
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    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
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    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/115—Aptamers, i.e. nucleic acids binding a target molecule specifically and with high affinity without hybridising therewith ; Nucleic acids binding to non-nucleic acids, e.g. aptamers
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    • C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/30—Chemical structure
    • C12N2310/31—Chemical structure of the backbone
    • C12N2310/315—Phosphorothioates
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    • C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
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    • C12N2310/35—Nature of the modification
    • C12N2310/352—Nature of the modification linked to the nucleic acid via a carbon atom
    • C12N2310/3525—MOE, methoxyethoxy

Definitions

  • Oligonucleotides are useful in therapeutic, diagnostic, research and nanomaterials applications.
  • the use of naturally occurring nucleic acids (e.g., unmodified DNA or RNA) for therapeutics can be limited, for example, because of their instability against extra- and intracellular nucleases, toxicity, and/or their poor cell penetration and distribution.
  • nucleic acids e.g., unmodified DNA or RNA
  • oligonucleotides and oligonucleotide compositions such as, e.g., new antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides and oligonucleotide compositions.
  • the present disclosure encompasses the recognition that structural elements of oligonucleotides, such as base sequence, chemical modifications (e.g., modifications of sugar, base, and/or internucleotidic linkages, and patterns thereof), and/or stereochemistry (e.g., stereochemistry of backbone chiral centers (chiral internucleotidic linkages), and/or patterns thereof), can have significant impact on oligonucleotide properties, e.g., activities, toxicities, e.g., as may be mediated by protein binding characteristics, stability, etc.
  • structural elements of oligonucleotides such as base sequence, chemical modifications (e.g., modifications of sugar, base, and/or internucleotidic linkages, and patterns thereof), and/or stereochemistry (e.g., stereochemistry of backbone chiral centers (chiral internucleotidic linkages), and/or patterns thereof)
  • stereochemistry e.g., stereochemistry of backbone chiral centers (chiral internu
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that oligonucleotide compositions comprising oligonucleotides with controlled structural elements, e.g., controlled chemical modification and/or controlled backbone stereochemistry patterns, provide unexpected properties, including but not limited to certain acitvities, toxicities, etc.
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that oligonucleotide properties, e.g., activities, toxicities, etc., can be modulated by chemical modifications (e.g., modifications of sugars, bases, internucleotidic linkages, etc.), chiral structures (e.g., stereochemistry of chiral internucleotidic linkages and patterns thereof, etc.), and/or combination thereof.
  • the present disclosure recognizes challenges of providing low toxicity oligonucleotide compositions and methods thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions and methods with reduced toxicity.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions and methods with reduced immune responses.
  • the present disclosure recognizes that various toxicities induced by oligonucleotides are related to complement activation.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions and methods with reduced complement activation.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions and methods with reduced complement activation via the alternative pathway.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions and methods with reduced complement activation via the classical pathway. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions and methods with reduced drug-induced vascular injury. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions and methods with reduced injection site inflammation. In some embodiments, reduced toxicity can be evaluated through one or more assays widely known to and practiced by a person having ordinary skill in the art, e.g., evaluation of levels of complete activation product, protein binding, etc. as described herein.
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that oligonucleotide properties, e.g., activities, toxicities, etc., can be modulated through chemical modifications.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides which have a common base sequence, and comprise one or more modified sugar moieties, one or more natural phosphate linkages, or combinations thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition
  • a first plurality of oligonucleotides which have a common base sequence, comprise one or more modified internucleotidic linkages, and comprise one or more modified sugar moieties, one or more natural phosphate linkages, or combinations thereof.
  • oligonucleotides of a first plurality have a wing-core-wing structure.
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more natural phosphate linkages and optionally one or more modified internucleotidic linkages
  • the core comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and optionally one or more natural phosphate linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more natural phosphate linkages and one or more modified internucleotidic linkages
  • the core comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and no natural phosphate linkages.
  • a wing comprises modified sugar moieties.
  • a modified internucleotidic linkage is phosphorothioate.
  • a modified internucleotidic linkage is substituted phosphorothioate.
  • a modified internucleotidic linkage has the structure of formula I described in this disclosure.
  • a modified sugar moiety is 2′-modified.
  • a 2′-modification is 2′-OR 1 .
  • such provided compositions have lower toxicity.
  • provided compositions have lower complement activation.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions with improved protein binding profiles, e.g., lowered harmful protein binding and/or increased beneficial protein binding.
  • the present disclosure provides methods for improved delivery of oligonucleotide compositions compising providing oligonucleotide compositions with improved protein binding profile.
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that protein binding by oligonucleotide compositions can be modulated through chemical modifications, stereochemistry, or combinations thereof
  • protein binding by oligonucleotide compositions can be modulated by incorporation of modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • increased percentage of modified internucleotidic linkages provides increased binding of oligonucleotides to certain proteins.
  • replacement of one or more modified internucleotidic linkages with natural phosphate linkages provides decreased binding to certain proteins.
  • replacement of one or more natural phosphate linkages with modified internucleotidic linkages provides increased binding to certain proteins.
  • certain chemical modifications provide increased protein binding to certain proteins.
  • certain chemical modifications provide decreased protein binding to certain proteins.
  • different chemical modifications of the same kind provide different protein binding. For example, in some embodiments, 2′-MOE provides decreased protein binding compared to 2′-OMe (at least in certain contexts—e.g., sequence, stereochemistry, etc.).
  • stereorandom oligonucleotide preparations contain a plurality of distinct chemical entities that differ from one another, e.g., in the stereochemical structure of individual backbone chiral centers within the oligonucleotide chain. Without control of stereochemistry of backbone chiral centers, stereorandom oligonucleotide preparations provide uncontrolled compositions comprising undetermined levels of oligonucleotide stereoisomers. Even though these stereoisomers may have the same base sequence and/or chemical modifications, they are different chemical entities at least due to their different backbone stereochemistry, and they can have, as demonstrated herein, different properties, e.g., activities, toxicities, etc.
  • compositions that are or contain particular stereoisomers of oligonucleotides of interest.
  • a particular stereoisomer may be defined, for example, by its base sequence, its length, its pattern of backbone linkages, and its pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • base sequence may refer to the identity and/or modification status of nucleoside residues (e.g., of sugar and/or base components, relative to standard naturally occurring nucleotides such as adenine, cytosine, guanosine, thymine, and uracil) in an oligonucleotide and/or to the hybridization character (i.e., the ability to hybridize with particular complementary residues) of such residues.
  • nucleoside residues e.g., of sugar and/or base components, relative to standard naturally occurring nucleotides such as adenine, cytosine, guanosine, thymine, and uracil
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that property improvements (e.g., improved activities, lower toxicities, etc.) achieved through inclusion and/or location of particular chiral structures within an oligonucleotide can be comparable to, or even better than those achieved through use of chemical modification, e.g., particular backbone linkages, residue modifications, etc. (e.g., through use of certain types of modified phosphates [e.g., phosphorothioate, substituted phosphorothioate, etc.], sugar modifications [e.g., 2′- modifications, etc.], and/or base modifications [e.g., methylation, etc.]).
  • chemical modification e.g., particular backbone linkages, residue modifications, etc.
  • residue modifications e.g., through use of certain types of modified phosphates [e.g., phosphorothioate, substituted phosphorothioate, etc.], sugar modifications [e.g., 2′- modifications, etc.], and/or base modifications [e.g
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that stereochemistry can be used to modulate toxicity of oligonucleotide compositions.
  • the present disclosure provides chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions that have lower toxicity when compared to a corresponding stereorandom (or chirally uncontrolled) oligonucleotide composition of oligonucleotides sharing the same base sequence and chemical modifications.
  • chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions of oligonucleotides comprising more Rp chiral internucleotidic linkage have lower toxicity.
  • chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions of oligonucleotides having a single Rp chiral internucleotidic linkage have increased toxicity compared to other chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions and/or the corresponding stereorandom oligonucleotide composition of oligonucleotides sharing the same base sequence and chemical modifications.
  • a single Rp chiral internucleotidic linkage is in the middle of a sequence.
  • chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions of oligonucleotides which comprise one or more Rp chiral internucleotidic linkages at the 5′- and/or the 3′-end provide lower toxicity.
  • chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions of oligonucleotides which comprise one or more natural phosphate linkages at the 5′- and/or the 3′-end provide lower toxicity.
  • a chiral internucleotidic linkage has the structure of formula I.
  • a chiral internucleotidic linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage.
  • a chiral internucleotidic linkage is a substituted phosphorothioate linkage.
  • properties (e.g., activities, toxicities, etc.) of an oligonucleotide can be adjusted by optimizing its pattern of backbone chiral centers, optionally in combination with adjustment/optimization of one or more other features (e.g., chemical modifications, patterns of modifications such as linkage pattern, nucleoside modification pattern, etc.) of the oligonucleotide.
  • the present disclosure recognizes and demonstrates that chemical modifications, such as modifications of nucleosides and internucleotidic linkages, can provide enhanced properties.
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that combinations of chemical modifications and stereochemistry can provide unexpected, greatly improved properties (e.g., activities, toxicities, etc.).
  • chemical combinations such as modifications of sugars, bases, and/or internucleotidic linkages, are combined with stereochemistry patterns to provide oligonucleotides and compositions thereof with surprisingly enhanced properties including low toxicity, better protein binding profile, etc.
  • a provided oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides is chirally controlled, and oligonucleotides of the first plurality comprise a combination of 2′-modification of one or more sugar moieties, one or more natural phosphate linkages, and one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • a provided oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides is chirally controlled, and oligonucleotides of the first plurality comprise a combination of 2′-modification of one or more sugar moieties, one or more natural phosphate linkages, one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages, wherein the 5′- and/or the 3′-end internucleotidic linkages are chiral. In some embodiments, both the 5′- and the 3′-end internucleotidic linkages are chiral. In some embodiments, both the 5′- and the 3′-end internucleotidic linkages are chiral and Sp.
  • a provided oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides is chirally controlled, and oligonucleotides of the first plurality comprise a combination of 2′-modification of one or more sugar moieties, one or more natural phosphate linkages, one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages, and a stereochemistry pattern of (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein m>2.
  • a chiral internucleotidic linkage has the structure of formula I.
  • a chiral internucleotidic linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, a chiral internucleotidic linkage is a substituted phosphorothioate linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions having low toxicity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions having improved protein binding profile. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions having improved binding to albumin. In some embodiments, provided compositions have low toxicity and improved binding to certain desired proteins. In some embodiments, provided compositions have low toxicity and improved binding to certain desired proteins. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotide compositions at the same time provides the same level of, or greatly enhanced, stability and/or activities, e.g., better target-cleavage pattern, better target-cleavage efficiency, better target specificity, etc.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and optionally one or more natural phosphate linkages, and the core region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages;
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified sugar moieties, and the core region comprises one or more un-modified sugar moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and optionally one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising two wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising two wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the wing region to the 5′-end of the core region comprises at least one modified internucleotidic linkage followed by a natural phosphate linkage in the wing;
  • the wing region to the 3′-end of the core region comprises at least one modified internucleotidic linkage preceded by a natural phosphate linkage in the wing;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising a wing region and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • the wing region has a length of two or more bases, and comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the wing region is to the 5′-end of the core region and comprises a natural phosphate linkage between the two nucleosides at its 3′-end, or the wing region to the 3′-end of the core region and comprises a natural phosphate linkage between the two nucleosides at its 5′-end;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising two wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the wing region to the 5′-end of the core region comprises a natural phosphate linkage between the two nucleosides at its 3′-end;
  • the wing region to the 3′-end of a core region comprises a natural phosphate linkage between the two nucleosides at its 5′-end;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and optionally one or more natural phosphate linkages, and the core region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages;
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified sugar moieties, and the core region comprises one or more un-modified sugar moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages, and the core region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages;
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified sugar moieties, and the core region comprises one or more un-modified sugar moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides which:
  • each wing region comprises at least one modified sugar moiety
  • each core region comprises at least one un-modified sugar moiety.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition comprising oligonucleotides defined by having:
  • composition is a substantially pure preparation of a single oligonucleotide in that a predetermined level of the oligonucleotides in the composition have the common base sequence and length, the common pattern of backbone linkages, and the common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition
  • composition which composition is chirally controlled in that it is enriched, relative to a substantially racemic preparation of oligonucleotides having the same base sequence and length, for oligonucleotides of the particular oligonucleotide type.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition
  • composition is a substantially pure preparation of a single oligonucleotide in that at least about 10% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have the common base sequence and length, the common pattern of backbone linkages, and the common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • the present disclosure recognizes that combinations of oligonucleotide structural elements (e.g., patterns of chemical modifications, backbone linkages, backbone chiral centers, and/or backbone phosphorus modifications) can provide surprisingly improved properties such as low toxicity and/or desired protein binding.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a predetermined level of oligonucleotides which comprise one or more wing regions and a common core region, wherein:
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently and optionally comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages, and the common core region has:
  • a wing and core can be defined by any structural elements.
  • a wing and core is defined by nucleoside modifications, wherein a wing comprises a nucleoside modification that the core region does not have.
  • oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a wing-core structure of nucleoside modification.
  • oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a core-wing structure of nucleoside modification.
  • oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a wing-core-wing structure of nucleoside modification.
  • a wing and core is defined by modifications of the sugar moieties.
  • a wing and core is defined by modifications of the base moieties.
  • each sugar moiety in the wing region has the same 2′-modification which is not found in the core region.
  • each sugar moiety in the wing region has the same 2′-modification which is different than any sugar modifications in the core region.
  • each sugar moiety in the wing region has the same 2′-modification, and the core region has no 2′-modifications.
  • each sugar moiety in a wing region has the same 2′-modification, yet the common 2′-modification in a first wing region can either be the same as or different from the common 2′-modification in a second wing region.
  • a wing and core is defined by pattern of backbone internucleotidic linkages.
  • a wing comprises a type of internucleotidic linkage, and/or a pattern of internucleotidic linkages, that are not found in a core.
  • a wing region comprises both a modified internucleotidic linkage and a natural phosphate linkage.
  • the internucleotidic linkage at the 5′-end of a wing to the 5′-end of the core region is a modified internucleotidic linkage.
  • the internucleotidic linkage at the 3′-end of a wing to the 3′-end of the core region is a modified internucleotidic linkage.
  • a modified internucleotidic linkage is a chiral internucleotidic linkage.
  • each wing comprises at least one chiral internucleotidic linkage and at least one natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, each wing comprises at least one modified sugar moiety. In some embodiments, each wing sugar moiety is modified. In some embodiments, a wing sugar moiety is modified by a modification that is absent from the core region. In some embodiments, a wing region only has modified internucleotidic linkages at one or both of its ends. In some embodiments, a wing region only has a modified internucleotidic linkage at its 5′-end. In some embodiments, a wing region only has a modified internucleotidic linkage at its 3′-end.
  • a wing region only has modified internucleotidic linkages at its 5′- and 3′-ends.
  • a wing is to the 5′-end of a core, and the wing only has a modified internucleotidic linkage at its 5′-end.
  • a wing is to the 5′-end of a core, and the wing only has a modified internucleotidic linkage at its 3′-end.
  • a wing is to the 5′-end of a core, and the wing only has modified internucleotidic linkages at both its 5′- and 3′-ends.
  • a wing is to the 3′-end of a core, and the wing only has a modified internucleotidic linkage at its 5′-end. In some embodiments, a wing is to the 3′-end of a core, and the wing only has a modified internucleotidic linkage at its 3′-end. In some embodiments, a wing is to the 3′-end of a core, and the wing only has modified internucleotidic linkages at both its 5′- and 3′-ends.
  • each internucleotidic linkage within a core region is modified. In some embodiments, each internucleotidic linkage within a core region is chiral. In some embodiments, a core region comprises a pattern of backbone chiral centers of (Sp)m(Rp)n, (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • the pattern of backbone chiral centers of a core region is (Sp)m(Rp)n, (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • a core region comprises a pattern of backbone chiral centers of (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein m>2.
  • the pattern of backbone chiral centers of a core region is (Sp)m(Rp)n, (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein m>2.
  • such patterns can provide or enhance controlled cleavage of a target sequence, e.g., an RNA sequence.
  • oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications.
  • a provided composition is an oligonucleotide composition that is chirally controlled in that the composition contains a predetermined level of oligonucleotides of an individual oligonucleotide type, wherein an oligonucleotide type is defined by:
  • base sequence of an oligonucleotide may refer to the identity and/or modification status of nucleoside residues (e.g., of sugar and/or base components, relative to standard naturally occurring nucleotides such as adenine, cytosine, guanosine, thymine, and uracil) in the oligonucleotide and/or to the hybridization character (i.e., the ability to hybridize with particular complementary residues) of such residues.
  • nucleoside residues e.g., of sugar and/or base components, relative to standard naturally occurring nucleotides such as adenine, cytosine, guanosine, thymine, and uracil
  • a particular oligonucleotide type may be defined by
  • oligonucleotides of a particular type may share identical bases but differ in their pattern of base modifications and/or sugar modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of a particular type may share identical bases and pattern of base modifications (including, e.g., absence of base modification), but differ in pattern of sugar modifications.
  • oligonucleotides of a particular type are chemically identical in that they have the same base sequence (including length), the same pattern of chemical modifications to sugar and base moieties, the same pattern of backbone linkages (e.g., pattern of natural phosphate linkages, phosphorothioate linkages, phosphorothioate triester linkages, and combinations thereof), the same pattern of backbone chiral centers (e.g., pattern of stereochemistry (Rp/Sp) of chiral internucleotidic linkages), and the same pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications (e.g., pattern of modifications on the internucleotidic phosphorus atom, such as —S ⁇ , and -L-R 1 of formula I).
  • backbone linkages e.g., pattern of natural phosphate linkages, phosphorothioate linkages, phosphorothioate triester linkages, and combinations thereof
  • backbone chiral centers e.g., pattern of stereochemistry
  • the present disclosure provides chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions of oligonucleotides comprising multiple (e.g., more than 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10) internucleotidic linkages, and particularly for oligonucleotides comprising multiple (e.g., more than 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10) chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • at least one chiral internucleotidic linkage is formed with less than 90:10, 95:5, 96:4, 97:3, or 98:2 -diastereoselectivity.
  • each chiral internucleotidic linkage is formed with greater than 90:10, 95:5, 96:4, 97:3, or 98:2 diastereoselectivity. In some embodiments, for a stereoselective or chirally controlled preparation of oligonucleotides, each chiral internucleotidic linkage is formed with greater than 95:5 -diastereoselectivity.
  • each chiral internucleotidic linkage is formed with greater than 96:4 -diastereoselectivity. In some embodiments, for a stereoselective or chirally controlled preparation of oligonucleotides, each chiral internucleotidic linkage is formed with greater than 97:3-diastereoselectivity. In some embodiments, for a stereoselective or chirally controlled preparation of oligonucleotides, each chiral internucleotidic linkage is formed with greater than 98:2 -diastereoselectivity.
  • each chiral internucleotidic linkage is formed with greater than 99:1 -diastereoselectivity.
  • diastereoselectivity of a chiral internucleotidic linkage in an oligonucleotide may be measured through a model reaction, e.g.
  • the dimer under essentially the same or comparable conditions wherein the dimer has the same internucleotidic linkage as the chiral internucleotidic linkage, the 5′-nucleoside of the dimer is the same as the nucleoside to the 5′-end of the chiral internucleotidic linkage, and the 3′-nucleoside of the dimer is the same as the nucleoside to the 3′-end of the chiral internucleotidic linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions and technologies for optimizing properties, e.g., activities, toxicities, etc.
  • the present disclosure provides methods for lowering toxicity of oligonucleotides and compositions thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides methods for lowering immune response associated with administration of oligonucleotides and compositions thereof (i.e., of administering oligonucleotide compositions so that undesirable immune responses to oligonucleotides in the compositions are reduced, for example relative to those observed with a reference composition of nucleotides of comparable or identical nucleotide sequence).
  • the present disclosure provides methods for lowering complement activation associated with administration of oligonucleotides and compositions thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for improving protein binding profile of oligonucleotides and compositions thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for increasing binding to certain proteins by oligonucleotides and compositions thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for increasing binding to certain proteins by oligonucleotides and compositions thereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for enhancing delivery of oligonucleotides and compositions thereof.
  • the present disclosure encompasses the recognition that optimal delivery of oligonucleotides to their targets, in some embodiments, involves balance of oligonucleotides binding to certain proteins so that oligonucleotides can be transported to the desired locations, and oligonucleotide release so that oligonucleotides can be properly released from certain proteins to perform their desired functions, for example, hybridization with their targets, cleavage of their targets, inhibition of translation, modulation of transcript processing, etc.
  • the present disclosure recognizes, among other things, that improvement of oligonucleotide properties can be achieved through chemical modifications and/or stereochemistry.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of administering an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides having a common nucleotide sequence, the improvement that comprises:
  • an oligonucleotide composition comprising the first plurality of oligonucleotides that is chirally controlled and that is characterized by reduced toxicity relative to a reference oligonucleotide composition of the same common nucleotide sequence.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of administering an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides having a common nucleotide sequence, the improvement that comprises:
  • each oligonucleotide in the plurality comprises one or more modified sugar moieties and the composition is characterized by reduced toxicity relative to a reference oligonucleotide composition of the same common nucleotide sequence but lacking at least one of the one or more modified sugar moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of administering an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides having a common nucleotide sequence, the improvement that comprises:
  • each oligonucleotide in the plurality includes one or more natural phosphate linkages and one or more modified phosphate linkages;
  • oligonucleotide composition is characterized by reduced toxicity when tested in at least one assay that is observed with an otherwise comparable reference composition whose oligonucleotides do not comprise natural phosphate linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of administering an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides having a common nucleotide sequence, the improvement that comprises:
  • each oligonucleotide in the plurality comprises one or more modified sugar moieties and the composition is characterized by reduced toxicity relative to a reference oligonucleotide composition of the same common nucleotide sequence but lacking at least one of the one or more modified sugar moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides a method comprising steps of administering to a subject an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides each of which has a common base sequence and comprises a modified sugar moiety, wherein the oligonucleotide composition is characterized by reduced toxicity when tested in at least one assay that is observed with an otherwise comparable reference composition that comprises a reference plurality of oligonucleotides which have the same common base sequence but have no modified sugar moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides a method comprising steps of administering to a subject an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides each of which has a common base sequence and comprises one or more natural phosphate linkages and one or more modified phosphate linkages, wherein the oligonucleotide composition is characterized by reduced toxicity when tested in at least one assay that is observed with an otherwise comparable reference composition that comprises a reference plurality of oligonucleotides which have the same common base sequence but have no natural phosphate linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides a method comprising steps of administering a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition to a subject, wherein the chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is characterized by reduced toxicity when tested in at least one assay that is observed with an otherwise comparable reference composition that includes a different chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition, or a stereorandom oligonucleotide composition, comprising oligonucleotides having the same base sequence.
  • reduced toxicity is or comprises reduced complement activation. In some embodiments, reduced toxicity comprises reduced complement activation. In some embodiments, reduced toxicity is or comprises reduced complement activation. In some embodiments, reduced toxicity comprises reduced complement activation via the alternative pathway.
  • oligonucleotides can elicit proinflammatory responses.
  • the present disclosure provides compositions and methods for reducing inflammation.
  • the present disclosure provides compositions and methods for reducing proinflammatory responses.
  • the present disclosure provides methods for reducing injection site inflammation using provided compositions.
  • the present disclosure provides methods for reducing drug-induced vascular injury using provided compositions.
  • the present disclosure provides a method, comprising administering a composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides, which composition displays reduced injection site inflammation as compared with a reference composition comprising a plurality of oligonucleotides, each of which also has the common base sequence but which differs structurally from the oligonucleotides of the first plurality in that:
  • oligonucleotides within the reference plurality have a structure different from a structure represented by the plurality of oligonucleotides of the composition;
  • At least some oligonucleotides within the reference plurality do not comprise a wing region and a core region.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of administering an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides having a common nucleotide sequence, the improvement that comprises:
  • an oligonucleotide comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides that is characterized by reduced injection site inflammation relative to a reference oligonucleotide composition of the same common nucleotide sequence.
  • the present disclosure provides a method, comprising administering a composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides, which composition displays altered protein binding as compared with a reference composition comprising a plurality of oligonucleotides, each of which also has the common base sequence but which differs structurally from the oligonucleotides of the first plurality in that:
  • At least some oligonucleotides within the reference plurality have a structure different from a structure represented by the plurality of oligonucleotides of the composition; and/or at least some oligonucleotides within the reference plurality do not comprise a wing region and a core region.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of administering an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides having a common nucleotide sequence, the improvement that comprises:
  • an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides that is characterized by altered protein binding relative to a reference oligonucleotide composition of the same common nucleotide sequence.
  • the present disclosure provides a method comprising administering a composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides, which composition displays improved delivery as compared with a reference composition comprising a plurality of oligonucleotides, each of which also has the common base sequence but which differs structurally from the oligonucleotides of the first plurality in that:
  • oligonucleotides within the reference plurality have a structure different from a structure represented by the plurality of oligonucleotides of the composition;
  • At least some oligonucleotides within the reference plurality do not comprise a wing region and a core region.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of administering an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides having a common nucleotide sequence, the improvement that comprises:
  • an oligonucleotide comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides that is characterized by improved delivery relative to a reference oligonucleotide composition of the same common nucleotide sequence.
  • properties of oligonucleotide compositions as described herein can be assessed using any appropriate assay.
  • Relative toxicity and/or protein binding properties for different compositions are typically desirably determined in the same assay, in some embodiments substantially simultaneously and in some embodiments with reference to historical results.
  • oligonucleotide compositions for example that may be useful in assessing one or more features of oligonucleotide composition behavior e.g., complement activation, injection site inflammation, protein biding, etc.
  • Aliphatic means a straight-chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, or a monocyclic hydrocarbon or bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic (also referred to herein as “carbocycle” “cycloaliphatic” or “cycloalkyl”), that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • aliphatic groups contain 1-50 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • aliphatic groups contain 1-10 aliphatic carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-5 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-4 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-3 aliphatic carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-2 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • cycloaliphatic refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic C 3 -C 10 hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • cycloaliphatic refers to a monocyclic C 3 C 6 hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
  • Alkylene refers to a bivalent alkyl group.
  • An “alkylene chain” is a polymethylene group, i.e., (CH 2 ), wherein n is a positive integer, preferably from 1 to 6, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, or from 2 to 3.
  • a substituted alkylene chain is a polymethylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for a substituted aliphatic group.
  • alkenylene refers to a bivalent alkenyl group.
  • a substituted alkenylene chain is a polymethylene group containing at least one double bond in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for a substituted aliphatic group.
  • animal refers to any member of the animal kingdom. In some embodiments, “animal” refers to humans, at any stage of development. In some embodiments, “animal” refers to non-human animals, at any stage of development. In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a mammal (e.g., a rodent, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a monkey, a dog, a cat, a sheep, cattle, a primate, and/or a pig). In some embodiments, animals include, but are not limited to, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and/or worms. In some embodiments, an animal may be a transgenic animal, a genetically-engineered animal, and/or a clone.
  • a mammal e.g., a rodent, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, a monkey, a dog, a cat, a sheep, cattle, a primate, and/or a
  • the terms “approximately” or “about” in reference to a number are generally taken to include numbers that fall within a range of 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% in either direction (greater than or less than) of the number unless otherwise stated or otherwise evident from the context (except where such number would be less than 0% or exceed 100% of a possible value). In some embodiments, use of the term “about” in reference to dosages means ⁇ 5 mg/kg/day.
  • Aryl refers to monocyclic and bicyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains three to seven ring members.
  • aryl may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring.”
  • aryl refers to an aromatic ring system which includes, but not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl and the like, which may bear one or more substituents.
  • aryl is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more nonaromatic rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
  • Characteristic portion As used herein, the phrase a “characteristic portion” of a protein or polypeptide is one that contains a continuous stretch of amino acids, or a collection of continuous stretches of amino acids, that together are characteristic of a protein or polypeptide. Each such continuous stretch generally will contain at least two amino acids. Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that typically at least 5, 10, 15, 20 or more amino acids are required to be characteristic of a protein. In general, a characteristic portion is one that, in addition to the sequence identity specified above, shares at least one functional characteristic with the relevant intact protein.
  • Characteristic sequence is a sequence that is found in all members of a family of polypeptides or nucleic acids, and therefore can be used by those of ordinary skill in the art to define members of the family.
  • Characteristic structural element refers to a distinctive structural element (e.g., core structure, collection of pendant moieties, sequence element, etc) that is found in all members of a family of polypeptides, small molecules, or nucleic acids, and therefore can be used by those of ordinary skill in the art to define members of the family.
  • Comparable is used herein to describe two (or more) sets of conditions or circumstances that are sufficiently similar to one another to permit comparison of results obtained or phenomena observed.
  • comparable sets of conditions or circumstances are characterized by a plurality of substantially identical features and one or a small number of varied features.
  • sets of conditions are comparable to one another when characterized by a sufficient number and type of substantially identical features to warrant a reasonable conclusion that differences in results obtained or phenomena observed under the different sets of conditions or circumstances are caused by or indicative of the variation in those features that are varied.
  • Dosing regimen refers to a set of unit doses (typically more than one) that are administered individually to a subject, typically separated by periods of time.
  • a given therapeutic agent has a recommended dosing regimen, which may involve one or more doses.
  • a dosing regimen comprises a plurality of doses each of which are separated from one another by a time period of the same length; in some embodiments, a dosing regime comprises a plurality of doses and at least two different time periods separating individual doses. In some embodiments, all doses within a dosing regimen are of the same unit dose amount.
  • a dosing regimen comprises a first dose in a first dose amount, followed by one or more additional doses in a second dose amount different from the first dose amount. In some embodiments, a dosing regimen comprises a first dose in a first dose amount, followed by one or more additional doses in a second dose amount same as the first dose amount.
  • alteration of core structure for example by addition or removal of a small number of bonds (typically not more than 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 bonds, and often only a single bond) may generate a substituted compound equivalent to a parent reference compound.
  • equivalent compounds may be prepared by methods illustrated in general reaction schemes as, for example, described below, or by modifications thereof, using readily available starting materials, reagents and conventional or provided synthesis procedures. In these reactions, it is also possible to make use of variants, which are in themselves known, but are not mentioned here.
  • Equivalent Dosage is used herein to compare dosages of different pharmaceutically active agents that effect the same biological result. Dosages of two different agents are considered to be “equivalent” to one another in accordance with the present disclosure if they achieve a comparable level or extent of the biological result. In some embodiments, equivalent dosages of different pharmaceutical agents for use in accordance with the present disclosure are determined using in vitro and/or in vivo assays as described herein.
  • one or more lysosomal activating agents for use in accordance with the present disclosure is utilized at a dose equivalent to a dose of a reference lysosomal activating agent; in some such embodiments, the reference lysosomal activating agent for such purpose is selected from the group consisting of small molecule allosteric activators (e.g., pyrazolpyrimidines), imminosugars (e.g., isofagomine), antioxidants (e.g., n-acetyl-cysteine), and regulators of cellular trafficking (e.g., Rabla polypeptide).
  • small molecule allosteric activators e.g., pyrazolpyrimidines
  • imminosugars e.g., isofagomine
  • antioxidants e.g., n-acetyl-cysteine
  • regulators of cellular trafficking e.g., Rabla polypeptide
  • Heteroaliphatic refers to an aliphatic group wherein one or more units selected from C, CH, CH 2 , or CH 3 are independently replaced by a heteroatom.
  • a heteroaliphatic group is heteroalkyl.
  • a heteroaliphatic group is heteroalkenyl.
  • Heteroaryl refers to groups having 5 to 10 ring atoms, preferably 5, 6, or 9 ring atoms; having 6, 10, or 14 ⁇ electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, in addition to carbon atoms, from one to five heteroatoms.
  • heteroatom refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen.
  • Heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl.
  • heteroaryl and “heteroar,” as used herein, also include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring.
  • Nonlimiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4Hquinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido[2,3b]-1,4oxazin-3(4H)one.
  • heteroaryl group may be mono or bicyclic.
  • heteroaryl may be used interchangeably with the terms “heteroaryl ring,” “heteroaryl group,” or “heteroaromatic,” any of which terms include rings that are optionally substituted.
  • heteroarylkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl portions independently are optionally substituted.
  • Heteroatom means one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, selenium, or silicon (including, any oxidized form of nitrogen, boron, selenium, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for example N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR + (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl)).
  • Heterocycle As used herein, the terms “heterocycle,” “heterocyclyl,” “heterocyclic radical,” and “heterocyclic ring” are used interchangeably and refer to a stable 3to 7membered monocyclic or 7-10membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety that is either saturated or partially unsaturated, and having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one to four, heteroatoms, as defined above.
  • nitrogen includes a substituted nitrogen.
  • the nitrogen may be N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2Hpyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl), or + 1 ⁇ TR (as in Nsub stituted pyrrolidinyl).
  • a heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted.
  • saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl.
  • heterocycle refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independently are optionally substituted.
  • Intraperitoneal administration and “administered intraperitonealy” as used herein have their art-understood meaning referring to administration of a compound or composition into the peritoneum of a subject.
  • in vitro refers to events that occur in an artificial environment, e.g., in a test tube or reaction vessel, in cell culture, etc., rather than within an organism (e.g., animal, plant, and/or microbe).
  • in vivo refers to events that occur within an organism (e.g., animal, plant, and/or microbe).
  • Lower alkyl refers to a C 1-4 straight or branched alkyl group.
  • Example lower alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.
  • Lower haloalkyl refers to a C 1-4 straight or branched alkyl group that is substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
  • compounds of the disclosure may contain “optionally substituted” moieties.
  • substituted whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent.
  • an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position.
  • Combinations of substituents envisioned by this disclosure are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
  • stable refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein.
  • Suitable monovalent substituents on a substitutable carbon atom of an “optionally substituted” group are independently halogen; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 R o ; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 OR o ; —O(CH 2 ) 0-4 R o , —O—(CH 2 ) 0-4 —C(O)OR o ; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 CH(OR 0 ) 2 ; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 SR 0 ; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 Ph, which may be substituted with R o ; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 —O(CH 2 ) 0-1 Ph which may be substituted with R o ; —CH ⁇ CHPh, which may be substituted with R o ; —(CH 2 ) 0-4 O(CH 2 ) 0-1 -pyridyl which may be substituted with R o ; —NO 2 ;
  • Suitable monovalent substituents on R o are independently halogen, —(CH 2 ) 0-2 R., —(haloR.), —(CH 2 ) 0-2 OH, —(CH 2 ) 0-2 OR., —(CH 2 ) 0-2 CH(OR.) 2 ; —O(haloR.), —CN, —N 3 , —(CH 2 ) 0-2 —C(O)R., —(CH 2 ) 0-2 —C(O)OH, —(CH 2 ) 0-2 —C(O)OR., —(CH 2 ) 0-2 SR., —(CH 2 ) 0-2 SH, —(CH 2 ) 0-2 NH 2 , —(CH 2 ) 0-2 NHR., —(CH 2 ) 0-2 NR.
  • each R. is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently selected from C 1-4 aliphatic, —CH 2 Ph, —O(CH 2 ) 0-1 1PH, or a 5-6 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having O4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • Suitable divalent substituents on a saturated carbon atom of R o include ⁇ O and ⁇ S.
  • Suitable divalent substituents on a saturated carbon atom of an “optionally substituted” group include the following: ⁇ O, ⁇ S, ⁇ NNR* 2 , ⁇ NNHC(O)R*, ⁇ NNHC(O)OR*, ⁇ NNH—S(O) 2 R*, ⁇ NR*, ⁇ NOR*, —O(C(R* 2 )) 2-3 O, or —S(C(R* 2 )) 2-3 S—, wherein each independent occurrence of R* is selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • Suitable divalent substituents that are bound to vicinal substitutable carbons of an “optionally substituted” group include: —O(CR* 2 ) 2-3 O—, wherein each independent occurrence of R* is selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group of R* include halogen, —R., (haloR.), —OH, —OR., —O(haloR.), —CN, —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR., —NH 2 , —NHR., —NR. 2 , or —NO 2 , wherein each R.
  • halo is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently C 1-4 aliphatic, —CH 2 Ph, —O(CH 2 ) 0-1 Ph, or a 5-6 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • Suitable substituents on a substitutable nitrogen of an “optionally substituted” group include —R ⁇ , —NR ⁇ 2 , —C(O)R ⁇ , —C(O)OR ⁇ , —C(O)C(O)R ⁇ , —C(O)CH 2 —C(O)R ⁇ , —S(O) 2 R ⁇ , —S(O) 2 NR ⁇ 2 , —C(S)NR ⁇ 2 , —C(NH)NR ⁇ 2 , or —N(R ⁇ )—S(O) 2 R ⁇ ; wherein each R ⁇ is independently hydrogen, C 1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, unsubstituted —OPh, or an unsubstituted 5-6 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or, notwithstanding the definition above, two independent
  • Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group of Rt are independently halogen, —R., -(haloR.), —OH, —OR., —O(haloR.), —CN, —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR., —NH 2 , —NHR., —NR. 2 , or —NO 2 , wherein each R.
  • halo is unsubstituted or where preceded by “halo” is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently C 1-4 aliphatic, —CH 2 Ph, —O(CH 2 ) 0-1 Ph, or a 5-6 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • oral administration and “administered orally” as used herein have their art-understood meaning referring to administration by mouth of a compound or composition.
  • parenteral administration and “administered parenterally” as used herein have their art-understood meaning referring to modes of administration other than enteral and topical administration, usually by injection, and include, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarteri al, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticulare, subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal, and intrasternal injection and infusion.
  • Partially unsaturated refers to a ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond.
  • the term “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aryl or heteroaryl moieties, as herein defined.
  • composition refers to an active agent, formulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • active agent is present in unit dose amount appropriate for administration in a therapeutic regimen that shows a statistically significant probability of achieving a predetermined therapeutic effect when administered to a relevant population.
  • compositions may be specially formulated for administration in solid or liquid form, including those adapted for the following: oral administration, for example, drenches (aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions), tablets, e.g., those targeted for buccal, sublingual, and systemic absorption, boluses, powders, granules, pastes for application to the tongue; parenteral administration, for example, by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or epidural injection as, for example, a sterile solution or suspension, or sustained-release formulation; topical application, for example, as a cream, ointment, or a controlled-release patch or spray applied to the skin, lungs, or oral cavity; intravaginally or intrarectally, for example, as a pessary, cream, or foam; sublingually; ocularly; transdermally; or nasally, pulmonary, and to other mucosal surfaces.
  • oral administration for example, drenches (aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspension
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier means a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, or solvent encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting the subject compound from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body.
  • a pharmaceutically-acceptable material such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, or solvent encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting the subject compound from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body.
  • Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient.
  • materials which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers include: sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol; polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ring
  • compositions that are appropriate for use in pharmaceutical contexts, i.e., salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge, et al. describes pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19 (1977).
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt include, but are not limited to, nontoxic acid addition salts, which are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • nontoxic acid addition salts which are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemi sulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate,
  • Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.
  • Prodrug A general, a “prodrug,” as that term is used herein and as is understood in the art, is an entity that, when administered to an organism, is metabolized in the body to deliver an active (e.g., therapeutic or diagnostic) agent of interest. Typically, such metabolism involves removal of at least one “prodrug moiety” so that the active agent is formed.
  • active e.g., therapeutic or diagnostic
  • prodrug moieties see:
  • prodrugs may be provided in any of a variety of forms, e.g., crystal forms, salt forms etc. In some embodiments, prodrugs are provided as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • Protecting group The term “protecting group,” as used herein, is well known in the art and includes those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Also included are those protecting groups specially adapted for nucleoside and nucleotide chemistry described in Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry , edited by Serge L. Beaucage et al. 06/2012, the entirety of Chapter 2 is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Suitable aminoprotecting groups include methyl carbamate, ethyl carbamante, 9-fluorenylmethyl carbamate (Fmoc), 9(2sulfo)fluorenylmethyl carbamate, 9-(2,7-dibromo)fluoroenylmethyl carbamate, 2,7-di-t-butyl-[9-(10,10-dioxo-10,10,10,10-tetrahydrothioxanthyl)]methyl carbamate (DBDTmoc), 4-methoxyphenacyl carbamate (Phenoc), 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbamate (Troc), 2-trimethylsilylethyl carbamate (Teoc), 2-phenylethyl carbamate (hZ), 1-(1-adamantyl)-1-methylethyl carbamate (Adpoc), 1,1-dimethyl-2-haloethyl carbamate, 1,1-dimethyl-2,
  • Suitably protected carboxylic acids further include, but are not limited to, silyl-, alkyl, alkenyl-, aryl-, and arylalkyl-protected carboxylic acids.
  • suitable silyl groups include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, and the like.
  • suitable alkyl groups include methyl, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, trityl, t-butyl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl.
  • suitable alkenyl groups include allyl.
  • suitable aryl groups include optionally substituted phenyl, biphenyl, or naphthyl.
  • suitable arylalkyl groups include optionally substituted benzyl (e.g., p-methoxybenzyl (MPM), 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, O-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, p-halobenzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, p-cyanobenzyl), and 2and 4-picolyl.
  • Suitable hydroxyl protecting groups include methyl, methoxylmethyl (MOM), methylthiomethyl (MTM), t-butylthiomethyl, (phenyldimethylsilyl)methoxymethyl (SMOM), benzyloxymethyl (BOM), p-methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM), (4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl (p-AOM), guaiacolmethyl (GUM), t-butoxymethyl, 4-pentenyloxymethyl (POM), siloxymethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM), 2,2,2-trichloroethoxymethyl, bis(2-chloroethoxy)methyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl (SEMOR), tetrahydropyranyl (THP), 3-bromotetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1methoxycyclohexyl, 4-methoxytetrahydropyranyl (MTHP), 4-methoxyte
  • the protecting groups include methylene acetal, ethylidene acetal, 1-t-butylethylidene ketal, 1-phenylethylidene ketal, (4-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene acetal, 2,2,2-tri chloroethylidene acetal, acetonide, cyclopentylidene ketal, cyclohexylidene ketal, cycloheptylidene ketal, benzylidene acetal, p-methoxybenzylidene acetal, 2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene ketal, 3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene acetal, 2-nitrobenzylidene acetal, methoxymethylene acetal, ethoxymethylene acetal, dimethoxymethylene ortho ester, 1-methoxyethylidene ortho ester, 1
  • a hydroxyl protecting group is acetyl, t-butyl, t-butoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl, 2-trimethylsilylethyl, p-chlorophenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, benzyl, benzoyl, p-phenylbenzoyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, diphenylmethyl, p-nitrobenzyl, triphenylmethyl (trityl), 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, triisopropyl silyl, benzoylformate, chloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl
  • each of the hydroxyl protecting groups is, independently selected from acetyl, benzyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl and 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl.
  • the hydroxyl protecting group is selected from the group consisting of trityl, monomethoxytrityl and 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl group.
  • a phosphorus protecting group is a group attached to the internucleotide phosphorus linkage throughout oligonucleotide synthesis. In some embodiments, the phosphorus protecting group is attached to the sulfur atom of the internucleotide phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the phosphorus protecting group is attached to the oxygen atom of the internucleotide phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the phosphorus protecting group is attached to the oxygen atom of the internucleotide phosphate linkage.
  • the phosphorus protecting group is 2-cyanoethyl (CE or Cne), 2-trimethylsilylethyl, 2-nitroethyl, 2-sulfonylethyl, methyl, benzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl (NPE or Npe), 2-phenylethyl, 3-(N-tert-butylcarboxamido)-1-propyl, 4-oxopentyl, 4-methylthio-1-butyl, 2-cyano-1,1-dimethylethyl, 4-N-methylaminobutyl, 3-(2-pyridyl)-1-propyl, 24N-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)]aminoethyl, 2-(N-formyl,N-methyl)aminoethyl, 4-[N-methyl-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)amino]butyl.
  • CE or Cne
  • Protein refers to a polypeptide (i.e., a string of at least two amino acids linked to one another by peptide bonds).
  • proteins include only naturally-occurring amino acids.
  • proteins include one or more non-naturally-occurring amino acids (e.g., moieties that form one or more peptide bonds with adjacent amino acids).
  • one or more residues in a protein chain contain a non-amino-acid moiety (e.g., a glycan, etc).
  • a protein includes more than one polypeptide chain, for example linked by one or more disulfide bonds or associated by other means.
  • proteins contain L-amino acids, D-amino acids, or both; in some embodiments, proteins contain one or more amino acid modifications or analogs known in the art. Useful modifications include, e.g., terminal acetylation, amidation, methylation, etc.
  • the term “peptide” is generally used to refer to a polypeptide having a length of less than about 100 amino acids, less than about 50 amino acids, less than 20 amino acids, or less than 10 amino acids.
  • proteins are antibodies, antibody fragments, biologically active portions thereof, and/or characteristic portions thereof.
  • sample as used herein is a specific organism or material obtained therefrom.
  • a sample is a biological sample obtained or derived from a source of interest, as described herein, .
  • a source of interest comprises an organism, such as an animal or human.
  • a biological sample comprises biological tissue or fluid.
  • a biological sample is or comprises bone marrow; blood; blood cells; ascites; tissue or fine needle biopsy samples; cell-containing body fluids; free floating nucleic acids; sputum; saliva; urine; cerebrospinal fluid, peritoneal fluid; pleural fluid; feces; lymph; gynecological fluids; skin swabs; vaginal swabs; oral swabs; nasal swabs; washings or lavages such as a ductal lavages or broncheoalveolar lavages; aspirates; scrapings; bone marrow specimens; tissue biopsy specimens; surgical specimens; feces, other body fluids, secretions, and/or excretions; and/or cells therefrom, etc.
  • a biological sample is or comprises cells obtained from an individual.
  • a sample is a “primary sample” obtained directly from a source of interest by any appropriate means.
  • a primary biological sample is obtained by methods selected from the group consisting of biopsy (e.g., fine needle aspiration or tissue biopsy), surgery, collection of body fluid (e.g., blood, lymph, feces etc.), etc.
  • body fluid e.g., blood, lymph, feces etc.
  • sample refers to a preparation that is obtained by processing (e.g., by removing one or more components of and/or by adding one or more agents to) a primary sample. For example, filtering using a semi-permeable membrane.
  • a sample may comprise, for example nucleic acids or proteins extracted from a sample or obtained by subjecting a primary sample to techniques such as amplification or reverse transcription of mRNA, isolation and/or purification of certain components, etc.
  • a sample is an organism.
  • a sample is a plant.
  • a sample is an animal.
  • a sample is a human.
  • a sample is an organism other than a human.
  • stereochemically isomeric forms refers to different compounds made up of the same atoms bonded by the same sequence of bonds but having different three-dimensional structures which are not interchangeable.
  • provided chemical compositions may be or include pure preparations of individual stereochemically isomeric forms of a compound; in some embodiments, provided chemical compositions may be or include mixtures of two or more stereochemically isomeric forms of the compound. In certain embodiments, such mixtures contain equal amounts of different stereochemically isomeric forms; in certain embodiments, such mixtures contain different amounts of at least two different stereochemically isomeric forms.
  • a chemical composition may contain all diastereomers and/or enantiomers of the compound. In some embodiments, a chemical composition may contain less than all diastereomers and/or enantiomers of a compound. In some embodiments, if a particular enantiomer of a compound of the present disclosure is desired, it may be prepared, for example, by asymmetric synthesis, or by derivation with a chiral auxiliary, where the resulting diastereomeric mixture is separated and the auxiliary group cleaved to provide the pure desired enantiomers. Alternatively, where the molecule contains a basic functional group, such as amino, diastereomeric salts are formed with an appropriate optically-active acid, and resolved, for example, by fractional crystallization.
  • subject refers to any organism to which a provided compound or composition is administered in accordance with the present disclosure e.g., for experimental, diagnostic, prophylactic, and/or therapeutic purposes. Typical subjects include animals (e.g., mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, non-human primates, and humans; insects; worms; etc.) and plants. In some embodiments, a subject may be suffering from, and/or susceptible to a disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • animals e.g., mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, non-human primates, and humans; insects; worms; etc.
  • the term “substantially” refers to the qualitative condition of exhibiting total or near-total extent or degree of a characteristic or property of interest.
  • One of ordinary skill in the biological arts will understand that biological and chemical phenomena rarely, if ever, go to completion and/or proceed to completeness or achieve or avoid an absolute result.
  • the term “substantially” is therefore used herein to capture the potential lack of completeness inherent in many biological and/or chemical phenomena.
  • an individual who is “susceptible to” a disease, disorder, and/or condition is one who has a higher risk of developing the disease, disorder, and/or condition than does a member of the general public.
  • an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder and/or condition may not have been diagnosed with the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and/or condition may exhibit symptoms of the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and/or condition may not exhibit symptoms of the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and/or condition will develop the disease, disorder, and/or condition. In some embodiments, an individual who is susceptible to a disease, disorder, and/or condition will not develop the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • Systemic The phrases “systemic administration,” “administered systemically,” “peripheral administration,” and “administered peripherally” as used herein have their art-understood meaning referring to administration of a compound or composition such that it enters the recipient's system.
  • Tautomeric forms The phrase “tautomeric forms,” as used herein, is used to describe different isomeric forms of organic compounds that are capable of facile interconversion. Tautomers may be characterized by the formal migration of a hydrogen atom or proton, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond. In some embodiments, tautomers may result from prototropic tautomerism (i.e., the relocation of a proton). In some embodiments, tautomers may result from valence tautomerism (i.e., the rapid reorganization of bonding electrons). All such tautomeric forms are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
  • tautomeric forms of a compound exist in mobile equilibrium with each other, so that attempts to prepare the separate substances results in the formation of a mixture.
  • tautomeric forms of a compound are separable and isolatable compounds.
  • chemical compositions may be provided that are or include pure preparations of a single tautomeric form of a compound.
  • chemical compositions may be provided as mixtures of two or more tautomeric forms of a compound. In certain embodiments, such mixtures contain equal amounts of different tautomeric forms; in certain embodiments, such mixtures contain different amounts of at least two different tautomeric forms of a compound.
  • chemical compositions may contain all tautomeric forms of a compound. In some embodiments of the disclosure, chemical compositions may contain less than all tautomeric forms of a compound. In some embodiments of the disclosure, chemical compositions may contain one or more tautomeric forms of a compound in amounts that vary over time as a result of interconversion. In some embodiments of the disclosure, the tautomerism is keto-enol tautomerism.
  • keto-enol tautomer can be “trapped” (i.e., chemically modified such that it remains in the “enol” form) using any suitable reagent known in the chemical arts in to provide an enol derivative that may subsequently be isolated using one or more suitable techniques known in the art.
  • suitable reagent known in the chemical arts in to provide an enol derivative that may subsequently be isolated using one or more suitable techniques known in the art.
  • the present disclosure encompasses all tautomeric forms of relevant compounds, whether in pure form or in admixture with one another.
  • therapeutic agent refers to any agent that, when administered to a subject, has a therapeutic effect and/or elicits a desired biological and/or pharmacological effect.
  • a therapeutic agent is any substance that can be used to alleviate, ameliorate, relieve, inhibit, prevent, delay onset of, reduce severity of, and/or reduce incidence of one or more symptoms or features of a disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • therapeutically effective amount means an amount of a substance (e.g., a therapeutic agent, composition, and/or formulation) that elicits a desired biological response when administered as part of a therapeutic regimen.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a substance is an amount that is sufficient, when administered to a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disease, disorder, and/or condition, to treat, diagnose, prevent, and/or delay the onset of the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • the effective amount of a substance may vary depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, the substance to be delivered, the target cell or tissue, etc.
  • the effective amount of compound in a formulation to treat a disease, disorder, and/or condition is the amount that alleviates, ameliorates, relieves, inhibits, prevents, delays onset of, reduces severity of and/or reduces incidence of one or more symptoms or features of the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • a therapeutically effective amount is administered in a single dose; in some embodiments, multiple unit doses are required to deliver a therapeutically effective amount.
  • Treat refers to any method used to partially or completely alleviate, ameliorate, relieve, inhibit, prevent, delay onset of, reduce severity of, and/or reduce incidence of one or more symptoms or features of a disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • Treatment may be administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • treatment may be administered to a subject who exhibits only early signs of the disease, disorder, and/or condition, for example for the purpose of decreasing the risk of developing pathology associated with the disease, disorder, and/or condition.
  • Unsaturated means that a moiety has one or more units of unsaturation.
  • Unit dose refers to an amount administered as a single dose and/or in a physically discrete unit of a pharmaceutical composition.
  • a unit dose contains a predetermined quantity of an active agent.
  • a unit dose contains an entire single dose of the agent.
  • more than one unit dose is administered to achieve a total single dose.
  • administration of multiple unit doses is required, or expected to be required, in order to achieve an intended effect.
  • a unit dose may be, for example, a volume of liquid (e.g., an acceptable carrier) containing a predetermined quantity of one or more therapeutic agents, a predetermined amount of one or more therapeutic agents in solid form, a sustained release formulation or drug delivery device containing a predetermined amount of one or more therapeutic agents, etc. It will be appreciated that a unit dose may be present in a formulation that includes any of a variety of components in addition to the therapeutic agent(s). For example, acceptable carriers (e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable carriers), diluents, stabilizers, buffers, preservatives, etc., may be included as described infra.
  • acceptable carriers e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable carriers
  • diluents e.g., diluents, stabilizers, buffers, preservatives, etc.
  • a total appropriate daily dosage of a particular therapeutic agent may comprise a portion, or a plurality, of unit doses, and may be decided, for example, by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment.
  • the specific effective dose level for any particular subject or organism may depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; activity of specific active compound employed; specific composition employed; age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the subject; time of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific active compound employed; duration of the treatment; drugs and/or additional therapies used in combination or coincidental with specific compound(s) employed, and like factors well known in the medical arts.
  • Wild-type As used herein, the term “wild-type” has its art-understood meaning that refers to an entity having a structure and/or activity as found in nature in a “normal” (as contrasted with mutant, diseased, altered, etc) state or context. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that wild type genes and polypeptides often exist in multiple different forms (e.g., alleles).
  • Nucleic acid includes any nucleotides, analogs thereof, and polymers thereof.
  • polynucleotide refer to a polymeric form of nucleotides of any length, either ribonucleotides (RNA) or deoxyribonucleotides (DNA). These terms refer to the primary structure of the molecules and, thus, include double- and single-stranded DNA, and double- and single-stranded RNA. These terms include, as equivalents, analogs of either RNA or DNA made from nucleotide analogs and modified polynucleotides such as, though not limited to, methylated, protected and/or capped nucleotides or polynucleotides.
  • RNA poly- or oligo-ribonucleotides
  • DNA poly- or oligo-deoxyribonucleotides
  • RNA or DNA derived from N-glycosides or C-glycosides of nucleobases and/or modified nucleobases
  • nucleic acids derived from sugars and/or modified sugars and nucleic acids derived from phosphate bridges and/or modified phosphorus-atom bridges (also referred to herein as “internucleotide linkages”).
  • the term encompasses nucleic acids containing any combinations of nucleobases, modified nucleobases, sugars, modified sugars, phosphate bridges or modified phosphorus atom bridges.
  • Examples include, and are not limited to, nucleic acids containing ribose moieties, the nucleic acids containing deoxy-ribose moieties, nucleic acids containing both ribose and deoxyribose moieties, nucleic acids containing ribose and modified ribose moieties.
  • the prefix poly- refers to a nucleic acid containing 2 to about 10,000 nucleotide monomer units and wherein the prefix oligo- refers to a nucleic acid containing 2 to about 200 nucleotide monomer units.
  • nucleotide refers to a monomeric unit of a polynucleotide that consists of a heterocyclic base, a sugar, and one or more phosphate groups or phosphorus-containing internucleotidic linkages.
  • the naturally occurring bases (guanine, (G), adenine, (A), cytosine, (C), thymine, (T), and uracil (U)) are derivatives of purine or pyrimidine, though it should be understood that naturally and non-naturally occurring base analogs are also included.
  • the naturally occurring sugar is the pentose (five-carbon sugar) deoxyribose (which forms DNA) or ribose (which forms RNA), though it should be understood that naturally and non-naturally occurring sugar analogs are also included.
  • Nucleotides are linked via internucleotidic linkages to form nucleic acids, or polynucleotides. Many internucleotidic linkages are known in the art (such as, though not limited to, phosphate, phosphorothioates, boranophosphates and the like).
  • Artificial nucleic acids include PNAs (peptide nucleic acids), phosphotriesters, phosphorothionates, H-phosphonates, phosphoramidates, boranophosphates, methylphosphonates, phosphonoacetates, thiophosphonoacetates and other variants of the phosphate backbone of native nucleic acids, such as those described herein.
  • nucleoside refers to a moiety wherein a nucleobase or a modified nucleobase is covalently bound to a sugar or modified sugar.
  • sugar refers to a monosaccharide in closed and/or open form.
  • Sugars include, but are not limited to, ribose, deoxyribose, pentofuranose, pentopyranose, and hexopyranose moieties.
  • the term also encompasses structural analogs used in lieu of conventional sugar molecules, such as glycol, polymer of which forms the backbone of the nucleic acid analog, glycol nucleic acid (“GNA”).
  • GUA glycol nucleic acid
  • Modified sugar refers to a moiety that can replace a sugar.
  • the modified sugar mimics the spatial arrangement, electronic properties, or some other physicochemical property of a sugar.
  • nucleobase refers to the parts of nucleic acids that are involved in the hydrogen-bonding that binds one nucleic acid strand to another complementary strand in a sequence specific manner.
  • the most common naturally-occurring nucleobases are adenine (A), guanine (G), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
  • the naturally-occurring nucleobases are modified adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, or thymine.
  • the naturally-occurring nucleobases are methylated adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, or thymine.
  • a nucleobase is a “modified nucleobase,” e.g., a nucleobase other than adenine (A), guanine (G), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
  • the modified nucleobases are methylated adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, or thymine.
  • the modified nucleobase mimics the spatial arrangement, electronic properties, or some other physicochemical property of the nucleobase and retains the property of hydrogen-bonding that binds one nucleic acid strand to another in a sequence specific manner.
  • a modified nucleobase can pair with all of the five naturally occurring bases (uracil, thymine, adenine, cytosine, or guanine) without substantially affecting the melting behavior, recognition by intracellular enzymes or activity of the oligonucleotide duplex.
  • Chiral ligand refers to a moiety that is chiral and can be incorporated into a reaction so that the reaction can be carried out with certain stereoselectivity.
  • Condensing reagent In a condensation reaction, the term “condensing reagent” refers to a reagent that activates a less reactive site and renders it more susceptible to attack by another reagent. In some embodiments, such another reagent is a nucleophile.
  • Blocking group refers to a group that masks the reactivity of a functional group.
  • the functional group can be subsequently unmasked by removal of the blocking group.
  • a blocking group is a protecting group.
  • moiety refers to a specific segment or functional group of a molecule. Chemical moieties are often recognized chemical entities embedded in or appended to a molecule.
  • Solid support refers to any support which enables synthesis of nucleic acids.
  • the term refers to a glass or a polymer, that is insoluble in the media employed in the reaction steps performed to synthesize nucleic acids, and is derivatized to comprise reactive groups.
  • the solid support is Highly Cross-linked Polystyrene (HCP) or Controlled Pore Glass (CPG).
  • the solid support is Controlled Pore Glass (CPG).
  • the solid support is hybrid support of Controlled Pore Glass (CPG) and Highly Cross-linked Polystyrene (HCP).
  • Linking moiety refers to any moiety optionally positioned between the terminal nucleoside and the solid support or between the terminal nucleoside and another nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acid.
  • DNA molecule refers to the polymeric form of deoxyribonucleotides (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine) in its either single stranded form or a double-stranded helix. This term refers only to the primary and secondary structure of the molecule, and does not limit it to any particular tertiary forms. Thus, this term includes double-stranded DNA found, inter alia, in linear DNA molecules (e.g., restriction fragments), viruses, plasmids, and chromosomes.
  • linear DNA molecules e.g., restriction fragments
  • viruses e.g., plasmids, and chromosomes.
  • sequences can be described herein according to the normal convention of giving only the sequence in the 5′ to 3′ direction along the non-transcribed strand of DNA (i.e., the strand having a sequence homologous to the mRNA).
  • a DNA “coding sequence” or “coding region” is a double-stranded DNA sequence which is transcribed and translated into a polypeptide in vivo when placed under the control of appropriate expression control sequences.
  • the boundaries of the coding sequence are determined by a start codon at the 5′ (amino) terminus and a translation stop codon at the 3′ (carboxyl) terminus.
  • a coding sequence can include, but is not limited to, prokaryotic sequences, cDNA from eukaryotic mRNA, genomic DNA sequences from eukaryotic (e.g., mammalian) DNA, and synthetic DNA sequences.
  • a polyadenylation signal and transcription termination sequence is, usually, be located 3′ to the coding sequence.
  • the term “non-coding sequence” or “non-coding region” refers to regions of a polynucleotide sequence that are not translated into amino acids (e.g. 5′ and 3′ un-translated regions).
  • Reading frame refers to one of the six possible reading frames, three in each direction, of the double stranded DNA molecule. The reading frame that is used determines which codons are used to encode amino acids within the coding sequence of a DNA molecule.
  • an “antisense” nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to a “sense” nucleic acid encoding a protein, e.g., complementary to the coding strand of a double-stranded cDNA molecule, complementary to an mRNA sequence or complementary to the coding strand of a gene. Accordingly, an antisense nucleic acid molecule can associate via hydrogen bonds to a sense nucleic acid molecule.
  • Wobble position refers to the third position of a codon. Mutations in a DNA molecule within the wobble position of a codon, in some embodiments, result in silent or conservative mutations at the amino acid level. For example, there are four codons that encode Glycine, i.e., GGU, GGC, GGA and GGG, thus mutation of any wobble position nucleotide, to any other nucleotide selected from A, U , C and G, does not result in a change at the amino acid level of the encoded protein and, therefore, is a silent substitution.
  • Silent substitution a “silent substitution” or “silent mutation” is one in which a nucleotide within a codon is modified, but does not result in a change in the amino acid residue encoded by the codon. Examples include mutations in the third position of a codon, as well in the first position of certain codons such as in the codon “CGG” which, when mutated to AGG, still encodes Arg.
  • Gene refers to a DNA molecule, or portion of a DNA molecule, that encodes a protein or a portion thereof.
  • the DNA molecule can contain an open reading frame encoding the protein (as exon sequences) and can further include intron sequences.
  • intron refers to a DNA sequence present in a given gene which is not translated into protein and is found in some, but not all cases, between exons. It can be desirable for the gene to be operably linked to, (or it can comprise), one or more promoters, enhancers, repressors and/or other regulatory sequences to modulate the activity or expression of the gene, as is well known in the art.
  • Complementary DNA As used herein, a “complementary DNA” or “cDNA” includes recombinant polynucleotides synthesized by reverse transcription of mRNA and from which intervening sequences (introns) have been removed.
  • Homology refers to sequence similarity between two nucleic acid molecules. Homology and identity can each be determined by comparing a position in each sequence which can be aligned for purposes of comparison. When an equivalent position in the compared sequences is occupied by the same base, then the molecules are identical at that position; when the equivalent site occupied by the same or a similar nucleic acid residue (e.g., similar in steric and/or electronic nature), then the molecules can be referred to as homologous (similar) at that position.
  • Expression as a percentage of homology/similarity or identity refers to a function of the number of identical or similar nucleic acids at positions shared by the compared sequences.
  • a sequence which is “unrelated” or “non-homologous” shares less than 40% identity, less than 35% identity, less than 30% identity, or less than 25% identity with a sequence described herein. In comparing two sequences, the absence of residues (amino acids or nucleic acids) or presence of extra residues also decreases the identity and homology/similarity.
  • the term “homology” describes a mathematically based comparison of sequence similarities which is used to identify genes with similar functions or motifs.
  • the nucleic acid sequences described herein can be used as a “query sequence” to perform a search against public databases, for example, to identify other family members, related sequences or homologs.
  • such searches can be performed using the NBLAST and)(BLAST programs (version 2.0) of Altschul, et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-10.
  • Gapped BLAST can be utilized as described in Altschul et al., (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25(17):3389-3402.
  • the default parameters of the respective programs e.g.,)(BLAST and BLAST) can be used (See www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
  • identity means the percentage of identical nucleotide residues at corresponding positions in two or more sequences when the sequences are aligned to maximize sequence matching, i.e., taking into account gaps and insertions. Identity can be readily calculated by known methods, including but not limited to those described in (Computational Molecular Biology, Lesk, A. M., ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith, D. W., ed., Academic Press, New York, 1993; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, Griffin, A. M., and Griffin, H.
  • Computer program methods to determine identity between two sequences include, but are not limited to, the GCG program package (Devereux, J., et al., Nucleic Acids Research 12(1): 387 (1984)), BLASTP, BLASTN, and FASTA (Altschul, S. F. et al., J. Molec. Biol. 215: 403-410 (1990) and Altschul et al. Nuc. Acids Res. 25: 3389-3402 (1997)).
  • the BLAST X program is publicly available from NCBI and other sources (BLAST Manual, Altschul, S., et al., NCBI NLM NIH Bethesda, Md. 20894; Altschul, S., et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410 (1990).
  • the well-known Smith Waterman algorithm can also be used to determine identity.
  • heterologous region of a DNA sequence is an identifiable segment of DNA within a larger DNA sequence that is not found in association with the larger sequence in nature.
  • the gene can usually be flanked by DNA that does not flank the mammalian genomic DNA in the genome of the source organism.
  • Another example of a heterologous coding sequence is a sequence where the coding sequence itself is not found in nature (e.g., a cDNA where the genomic coding sequence contains introns or synthetic sequences having codons or motifs different than the unmodified gene). Allelic variations or naturally-occurring mutational events do not give rise to a heterologous region of DNA as defined herein.
  • Transition mutations refers to base changes in a DNA sequence in which a pyrimidine (cytidine (C) or thymidine (T) is replaced by another pyrimidine, or a purine (adenosine (A) or guanosine (G) is replaced by another purine.
  • Transversion mutations refers to base changes in a DNA sequence in which a pyrimidine (cytidine (C) or thymidine (T) is replaced by a purine (adenosine (A) or guanosine (G), or a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine.
  • Oligonucleotide refers to a polymer or oligomer of nucleotide monomers, containing any combination of nucleobases, modified nucleobases, sugars, modified sugars, phosphate bridges, or modified phosphorus atom bridges (also referred to herein as “internucleotidic linkage”, defined further herein).
  • Oligonucleotides can be single-stranded or double-stranded.
  • oligonucleotide strand encompasses a single-stranded oligonucleotide.
  • a single-stranded oligonucleotide can have double-stranded regions and a double-stranded oligonucleotide can have single-stranded regions.
  • Example oligonucleotides include, but are not limited to structural genes, genes including control and termination regions, self-replicating systems such as viral or plasmid DNA, single-stranded and double-stranded siRNAs and other RNA interference reagents (RNAi agents or iRNA agents), shRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, microRNAs, microRNA mimics, supermirs, aptamers, antimirs, antagomirs, Ul adaptors, triplex-forming oligonucleotides, G-quadruplex oligonucleotides, RNA activators, immuno-stimulatory oligonucleotides, and decoy oligonucleotides.
  • RNAi agents or iRNA agents RNA interference reagents
  • shRNA RNA interference reagents
  • antisense oligonucleotides ribozymes
  • microRNAs microRNA mimics
  • supermirs supermirs
  • Double-stranded and single-stranded oligonucleotides that are effective in inducing RNA interference are also referred to as siRNA, RNAi agent, or iRNA agent, herein.
  • these RNA interference inducing oligonucleotides associate with a cytoplasmic multi-protein complex known as RNAi-induced silencing complex (RISC).
  • RISC RNAi-induced silencing complex
  • single-stranded and double-stranded RNAi agents are sufficiently long that they can be cleaved by an endogenous molecule, e.g., by Dicer, to produce smaller oligonucleotides that can enter the RISC machinery and participate in RISC mediated cleavage of a target sequence, e.g. a target mRNA.
  • Oligonucleotides of the present disclosure can be of various lengths. In particular embodiments, oligonucleotides can range from about 2 to about 200 nucleotides in length. In various related embodiments, oligonucleotides, single-stranded, double-stranded, and triple-stranded, can range in length from about 4 to about 10 nucleotides, from about 10 to about 50 nucleotides, from about 20 to about 50 nucleotides, from about 15 to about 30 nucleotides, from about 20 to about 30 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is from about 9 to about 39 nucleotides in length.
  • the oligonucleotide is at least 4 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 5 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 6 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 7 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 8 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 9 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 10 nucleotides in length.
  • the oligonucleotide is at least 11 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 12 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 15 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 20 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 25 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is at least 30 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is a duplex of complementary strands of at least 18 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is a duplex of complementary strands of at least 21 nucleotides in length.
  • Internucleotidic linkage refers generally to the phosphorus-containing linkage between nucleotide units of an oligonucleotide, and is interchangeable with “inter-sugar linkage” and “phosphorus atom bridge,” as used above and herein.
  • an internucleotidic linkage is a phosphodiester linkage, as found in naturally occurring DNA and RNA molecules.
  • an internucleotidic linkage is a “modified internucleotidic linkage” wherein each oxygen atom of the phosphodiester linkage is optionally and independently replaced by an organic or inorganic moiety.
  • such an organic or inorganic moiety is selected from but not limited to ⁇ S, ⁇ Se, ⁇ NR′, —SR′, SeR′, —N(R′) 2 , B(R′) 3 , —S—, —Se—, and ——N(R′)—, wherein each R′ is independently as defined and described below.
  • an internucleotidic linkage is a phosphotriester linkage, phosphorothioate diester linkage
  • the internucleotidic linkage may exist as an anion or cation at a given pH due to the existence of acid or base moieties in the linkage.
  • each of s, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6 and s7 independently represents the following modified internucleotidic linkage as illustrated in Table 1, below.
  • (Rp, Sp)-ATsCs1GA has 1) a phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkage
  • the Rp/Sp designations preceding an oligonucleotide sequence describe the configurations of chiral linkage phosphorus atoms in the internucleotidic linkages sequentially from 5′ to 3′ of the oligonucleotide sequence. For instance, in (Rp, Sp)-ATsCs1GA, the phosphorus in the “s” linkage between T and C has Rp configuration and the phosphorus in “s1” linkage between C and G has Sp configuration.
  • “All-(Rp)” or “All-(Sp)” is used to indicate that all chiral linkage phosphorus atoms in oligonucleotide have the same Rp or Sp configuration, respectively.
  • All-(Rp)-GsCsCsTsCsAsGsTsCsTsGsCsTsTsCsGsCsAsCsC indicates that all the chiral linkage phosphorus atoms in the oligonucleotide have Rp configuration
  • Oligonucleotide type is used to define an oligonucleotide that has a particular base sequence, pattern of backbone linkages (i.e., pattern of internucleotidic linkage types, for example, phosphate, phosphorothioate, etc), pattern of backbone chiral centers (i.e. pattern of linkage phosphorus stereochemistry (Rp/Sp)), and pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications (e.g., pattern of “-XLR 1 ” groups in formula I).
  • Oligonucleotides of a common designated “type” are structurally identical to one another.
  • each nucleotide unit of the oligonucleotide strand can be designed and/or selected in advance to have a particular stereochemistry at the linkage phosphorus and/or a particular modification at the linkage phosphorus, and/or a particular base, and/or a particular sugar.
  • an oligonucleotide strand is designed and/or selected in advance to have a particular combination of stereocenters at the linkage phosphorus.
  • an oligonucleotide strand is designed and/or determined to have a particular combination of modifications at the linkage phosphorus. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is designed and/or selected to have a particular combination of bases. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide strand is designed and/or selected to have a particular combination of one or more of the above structural characteristics.
  • the present disclosure provides compositions comprising or consisting of a plurality of oligonucleotide molecules (e.g., chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions). In some embodiments, all such molecules are of the same type (i.e., are structurally identical to one another). In many embodiments, however, provided compositions comprise a plurality of oligonucleotides of different types, typically in pre-determined relative amounts.
  • Chiral control refers to an ability to control the stereochemical designation of every chiral linkage phosphorus within an oligonucleotide strand.
  • chirally controlled oligonucleotide refers to an oligonucleotide which exists in a single diastereomeric form with respect to the chiral linkage phosphorus.
  • Chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition refers to an oligonucleotide composition that contains predetermined levels of individual oligonucleotide types. For instance, in some embodiments a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition comprises one oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition comprises more than one oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition comprises a mixture of multiple oligonucleotide types. Example chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions are described further herein.
  • Chirally pure as used herein, the phrase “chirally pure” is used to describe a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition in which all of the oligonucleotides exist in a single diastereomeric form with respect to the linkage phosphorus.
  • Chirally uniform is used to describe an oligonucleotide molecule or type in which all nucleotide units have the same stereochemistry at the linkage phosphorus. For instance, an oligonucleotide whose nucleotide units all have Rp stereochemistry at the linkage phosphorus is chirally uniform. Likewise, an oligonucleotide whose nucleotide units all have Sp stereochemistry at the linkage phosphorus is chirally uniform.
  • predetermined is meant deliberately selected, for example as opposed to randomly occurring or achieved.
  • oligonucleotide types for preparation and/or inclusion in provided compositions, and further permits controlled preparation of precisely the selected particular types, optionally in selected particular relative amounts, so that provided compositions are prepared.
  • Such provided compositions are “predetermined” as described herein.
  • Compositions that may contain certain individual oligonucleotide types because they happen to have been generated through a process that cannot be controlled to intentionally generate the particular oligonucleotide types is not a “predetermined” composition.
  • a predetermined composition is one that can be intentionally reproduced (e.g., through repetition of a controlled process).
  • Linkage phosphorus as defined herein, the phrase “linkage phosphorus” is used to indicate that the particular phosphorus atom being referred to is the phosphorus atom present in the internucleotidic linkage, which phosphorus atom corresponds to the phosphorus atom of a phosphodiester of an internucleotidic linkage as occurs in naturally occurring DNA and RNA.
  • a linkage phosphorus atom is in a modified internucleotidic linkage, wherein each oxygen atom of a phosphodiester linkage is optionally and independently replaced by an organic or inorganic moiety.
  • a linkage phosphorus atom is P* of formula I.
  • a linkage phosphorus atom is chiral.
  • a chiral linkage phosphorus atom is P* of formula I.
  • P-modification refers to any modification at the linkage phosphorus other than a stereochemical modification.
  • a P-modification comprises addition, substitution, or removal of a pendant moiety covalently attached to a linkage phosphorus.
  • the “P-modification” is —X-L-R 1 wherein each of X, L and R 1 is independently as defined and described herein and below.
  • Block/per refers to an oligonucleotide strand whose pattern of structural features characterizing each individual nucleotide unit is characterized by the presence of at least two consecutive nucleotide units sharing a common structural feature at the internucleotidic phosphorus linkage.
  • common structural feature is meant common stereochemistry at the linkage phosphorus or a common modification at the linkage phosphorus.
  • the at least two consecutive nucleotide units sharing a common structure feature at the internucleotidic phosphours linkage are referred to as a “block”.
  • a blockmer is a “stereoblockmer,” e.g., at least two consecutive nucleotide units have the same stereochemistry at the linkage phosphorus. Such at lest two consecutive nucleotide units form a “stereoblock.”
  • (Sp, Sp)-ATsCs1GA is a stereoblockmer because at least two consecutive nucleotide units, the Ts and the Cs1, have the same stereochemistry at the linkage phosphorus (both Sp).
  • TsCs1 forms a block, and it is a stereoblock.
  • a blockmer is a “P-modification blockmer,” e.g., at least two consecutive nucleotide units have the same modification at the linkage phosphorus. Such at lest two consecutive nucleotide units form a “P-modification block”.
  • (Rp, Sp)-ATsCsGA is a P-modification blockmer because at least two consecutive nucleotide units, the Ts and the Cs, have the same P-modification (i.e., both are a phosphorothioate diester).
  • TsCs forms a block, and it is a P-modification block.
  • a blockmer is a “linkage blockmer,” e.g., at least two consecutive nucleotide units have identical stereochemistry and identical modifications at the linkage phosphorus. At least two consecutive nucleotide units form a “linkage block”.
  • (Rp, Rp)-ATsCsGA is a linkage blockmer because at least two consecutive nucleotide units, the Ts and the Cs, have the same stereochemistry (both Rp) and P-modification (both phosphorothioate).
  • TsCs forms a block, and it is a linkage block.
  • a blockmer comprises one or more blocks independently selected from a stereoblock, a P-modification block and a linkage block.
  • a blockmer is a stereoblockmer with respect to one block, and/or a P-modification blockmer with respect to another block, and/or a linkage blockmer with respect to yet another block.
  • (Rp, Rp, Rp, Rp, Rp, Rp, Rp, Sp, Sp, Sp)-AAsTsCsGsAs1Ts1Cs1Gs1ATCG is a stereoblockmer with respect to the stereoblock AsTsCsGsAs1 (all Rp at linkage phosphorus) or Ts1Cs1Gs1 (all Sp at linkage phosphorus), a P-modification blockmer with respect to the P-modification block AsTsCsGs (all s linkage) or As1Ts1Cs1Gs1 (all sl linkage), or a linkage blockmer with respect to the linkage block AsTsCsGs (all Rp at linkage phosphorus and all s linkage) or TslCs1Gs1 (all Sp at linkage phosphorus and all sl linkage).
  • Altmer refers to an oligonucleotide strand whose pattern of structural features characterizing each individual nucleotide unit is characterized in that no two consecutive nucleotide units of the oligonucleotide strand share a particular structural feature at the internucleotidic phosphorus linkage.
  • an altmer is designed such that it comprises a repeating pattern. In some embodiments, an altmer is designed such that it does not comprise a repeating pattern.
  • an altmer is a “stereoaltmer,” e.g., no two consecutive nucleotide units have the same stereochemistry at the linkage phosphorus. For instance, (Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Rp)-GsCsCsTsCsAsGsTsCsTsGsCsTsTsGsCsTsTsCsGsCsAsCsC.
  • an altmer is a “P-modification altmer” e.g., no two consecutive nucleotide units have the same modification at the linkage phosphorus.
  • P-modification altmer e.g., no two consecutive nucleotide units have the same modification at the linkage phosphorus.
  • All-(Sp)-CAs1GsT in which each linkage phosphorus has a different P-modification than the others.
  • an altmer is a “linkage altmer,” e.g., no two consecutive nucleotide units have identical stereochemistry or identical modifications at the linkage phosphorus. For instance, (Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Rp)-GsCs1CsTs1CsAs1GsTs1CsTs1GsCs1TsTs2CsGs3CsAs4CsC.
  • Unimer refers to an oligonucleotide strand whose pattern of structural features characterizing each individual nucleotide unit is such that all nucleotide units within the strand share at least one common structural feature at the internucleotidic phosphorus linkage.
  • common structural feature is meant common stereochemistry at the linkage phosphorus or a common modification at the linkage phosphorus.
  • a unimer is a “stereounimer,” e.g., all nucleotide units have the same stereochemistry at the linkage phosphorus. For instance, All-(Sp)-CsAs1GsT, in which all the linkages have Sp phosphorus.
  • a unimer is a “P-modification unimer”, e.g., all nucleotide units have the same modification at the linkage phosphorus. For instance, (Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Sp, Rp, Rp)-GsCsCsTsCsAsGsTsCsTsGsCsTsTsCsGsCsAsCsC, in which all the internucleotidic linkages are phosphorothioate diester.
  • a unimer is a “linkage unimer,” e.g., all nucleotide units have the same stereochemistry and the same modifications at the linkage phosphorus.
  • Gapmer refers to an oligonucleotide strand characterized in that at least one internucleotidic phosphorus linkage of the oligonucleotide strand is a phosphate diester linkage, for example such as those found in naturally occurring DNA or RNA. In some embodiments, more than one internucleotidic phosphorus linkage of the oligonucleotide strand is a phosphate diester linkage such as those found in naturally occurring DNA or RNA. For instance, All-(Sp)-CAs1GsT, in which the internucleotidic linkage between C and A is a phosphate diester linkage.
  • skipmer refers to a type of gapmer in which every other internucleotidic phosphorus linkage of the oligonucleotide strand is a phosphate diester linkage, for example such as those found in naturally occurring DNA or RNA, and every other internucleotidic phosphorus linkage of the oligonucleotide strand is a modified internucleotidic linkage. For instance, All-(Sp)-AsTCs1GAs2TCs3G.
  • FIG. 1 Example dose response of C3a complement activation (measured via C3a) by oligonucleotides targeting human SOD1 in pooled serum (three individual cynomolgus monkeys). 40 min incubation; 37° C.
  • FIG. 2 Example time course of 3Ca complement activation (measured via C3a) by SOD1 oligonucleotides in pooled serum (three individual cynomolgus monkeys). Oligonucleotide concentration: 330 ⁇ g/mL; 37° C.
  • FIG. 3 Example time course of 3Ca complement activation (measured via C3a) by oligonucleotides targeting mouse ApoB in pooled serum (three individual cynomolgus monkeys). Oligonucleotide concentration: 330 ⁇ g/mL; 37° C.
  • FIG. 4 Example time course of 3Ca complement activation (measured via C3a) by oligonucleotides targeting human HTT in pooled serum (three individual cynomolgus monkeys). Oligonucleotide concentration: 330 ⁇ g/mL; 37° C.
  • FIG. 5 Example time course of Bb complement activation (measured via Bb) by oligonucleotides targeting human HTT in pooled serum (three individual cynomolgus monkeys). Oligonucleotide concentration: 330 ⁇ g/mL; 37° C.
  • FIG. 6 Example albumin binding by oligonucleotides targeting human HTT.
  • FIG. 7 Example albumin binding by oligonucleotides targeting mouse ApoB
  • FIG. 8 Example albumin binding by oligonucleotides targeting human SOD1
  • Synthetic oligonucleotides provide useful molecular tools in a wide variety of applications. For example, oligonucleotides are useful in therapeutic, diagnostic, research, and new nanomaterials applications.
  • the use of naturally occurring nucleic acids e.g., unmodified DNA or RNA
  • various synthetic counterparts have been developed to circumvent these shortcomings. These include synthetic oligonucleotides that contain chemical modification, e.g., base modifications, sugar modifications, backbone modifications, etc., which, among other things, render these molecules less susceptible to degradation and improve other properties of oligonucleotides.
  • modifications to internucleotide phosphate linkages introduce chirality, and certain properties of oligonucleotides may be affected by the configurations of the phosphorus atoms that form the backbone of the oligonucleotides.
  • properties of antisense nucleotides such as binding affinity, sequence specific binding to the complementary RNA, stability to nucleases are affected by, inter alia, chirality of the backbone (e.g., the configurations of the phosphorus atoms).
  • oligonucleotide properties can be adjusted by optimizing chemical modifications (modifications of base, sugar, and/or internucleotidic linkage) and/or stereochemistry (pattern of backbone chiral centers).
  • compositions comprising oligonucleotides with controlled structural elements, e.g., controlled chemical modification and/or controlled backbone stereochemistry patterns, provide unexpected properties, including but not limited to those described herein.
  • provided compositions comprising oligonucleotides having chemical modifications e.g., base modifications, sugar modification, internucleotidic linkage modifications, etc.
  • have improved properties such as lower toxicity, or improved protein binding profile, or improved delivery, etc.
  • provided oligonucleotides in provided compositions comprise base modifications, sugar modifications, and/or internucleotidic linkage modifications.
  • provided oligonucleotides comprise base modifications and sugar modifications.
  • provided oligonucleotides comprise base modifications and internucleotidic linkage modifications.
  • provided oligonucleotides comprise sugar modifications and internucleotidic modifications.
  • provided compositions comprise base modifications, sugar modifications, and internucleotidic linkage modifications. Example chemical modifications, such as base modifications, sugar modifications, internucleotidic linkage modifications, etc.
  • a modified base is substituted A, T, C, G or U.
  • a sugar modification is 2′-modification.
  • a 2′-modification is 2-F modification.
  • a 2′-modification is 2′-OR 1 .
  • a 2′-modification is 2′-OR 1 , wherein R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl.
  • a 2′-modification is 2′-OMe.
  • a 2′-modification is 2′-MOE.
  • a modified sugar moiety is a bridged bicyclic or polycyclic ring.
  • a modified sugar moiety is a bridged bicyclic or polycyclic ring having 5-20 ring atoms wherein one or more ring atoms are optionally and independently heteroatoms.
  • Example ring structures are widely known in the art, such as those found in BNA, LNA, etc.
  • provided oligonucleotides comprise both one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages.
  • oligonucleotides comprising both modified internucleotidic linkage and natural phosphate linkage and compositions thereof provide improved properties, e.g., activities and toxicities, etc.
  • a modified internucleotidic linkage is a chiral internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, a modified internucleotidic linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, a modified internucleotidic linkage is a substituted phosphorothioate linkage.
  • the present disclosure encompasses the recognition that stereorandom oligonucleotide preparations contain a plurality of distinct chemical entities that differ from one another, e.g., in the stereochemical structure of individual backbone chiral centers within the oligonucleotide chain.
  • stereorandom oligonucleotide preparations provide uncontrolled compositions comprising undetermined levels of oligonucleotide stereoisomers. Even though these stereoisomers may have the same base sequence, they are different chemical entities at least due to their different backbone stereochemistry, and they can have, as demonstrated herein, different properties, e.g., activities, toxicities, etc.
  • the present disclosure provides new compositions that are or contain particular stereoisomers of oligonucleotides of interest.
  • a particular stereoisomer may be defined, for example, by its base sequence, its length, its pattern of backbone linkages, and its pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • base sequence may refer to the identity and/or modification status of nucleoside residues (e.g., of sugar and/or base components, relative to standard naturally occurring nucleotides such as adenine, cytosine, guanosine, thymine, and uracil) in an oligonucleotide and/or to the hybridization character (i.e., the ability to hybridize with particular complementary residues) of such residues.
  • oligonucleotides in provided compositions comprise sugar modifications, e.g., 2′-modifications, at e.g., a wing region.
  • oligonucleotides in provided compositions comprise a region in the middle, e.g., a core region, that has no sugar modifications.
  • the present disclosure provide an oligonucleotide composition comprising a predetermined level of oligonucleotides of an individual oligonucleotide type which are chemically identical, e.g. , they have the same base sequence, the same pattern of nucleoside modifications (modifications to sugar and base moieties, if any), the same pattern of backbone chiral centers, and the same pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications.
  • the present disclosure demonstrates, among other things, that individual stereoisomers of a particular oligonucleotide can show different stability and/or activity (e.g., functional and/or toxicity properties) from each other.
  • property improvements achieved through inclusion and/or location of particular chiral structures within an oligonucleotide can be comparable to, or even better than those achieved through use of particular backbone linkages, residue modifications, etc. (e.g., through use of certain types of modified phosphates [e.g., phosphorothioate, substituted phosphorothioate, etc.], sugar modifications [e.g., 2′-modifications, etc.], and/or base modifications [e.g., methylation, etc.]).
  • modified phosphates e.g., phosphorothioate, substituted phosphorothioate, etc.
  • sugar modifications e.g., 2′-modifications, etc.
  • base modifications e.g., methylation, etc
  • properties (e.g., activities, toxicities, etc.) of an oligonucleotide can be adjusted by optimizing its pattern of backbone chiral centers, optionally in combination with adjustment/optimization of one or more other features (e.g., linkage pattern, nucleoside modification pattern, etc.) of the oligonucleotide.
  • provided chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions can demonstrate improved properties, such as lower toxcicity, improved protein binding profile, improved delivery, etc.
  • oligonucleotide properties can be adjusted by optimizing stereochemistry (pattern of backbone chiral centers) and chemical modifications (modifications of base, sugar, and/or internucleotidic linkage).
  • stereochemistry pattern of backbone chiral centers
  • chemical modifications modifications of base, sugar, and/or internucleotidic linkage
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that stereochemistry can further improve properties of oligonucleotides comprising chemical modifications.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions wherein the oligonucleotides comprise nucleoside modifications, chiral internucleotidic linkages and natural phosphate linkages.
  • WV-1092 comprises 2′-OMe modifications, phosphate and phosphorothioate linkages in its 5′- and 3′-wing regions, and phosphorothioate linkages in its core regions.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotide compositions which, unexpectedly, greatly improve properties of oligonucleotides.
  • provided oligonucleotide compositions provides surprisingly low toxicity.
  • provided oligonucleotide compositions provides surprisingly improved protein binding profile.
  • provided oligonucleotide compositions provides surprisingly enhanced delivery.
  • certain property improvement such as lower toxicity, improved protein binding profile, and/or enhanced delivery, etc., are achieved without sacrificing other properties, e.g., activities, specificity, etc..
  • provided compositions provides lower toxicity, improved protein binding profile, and/or enhanced delivery, and improved activity, stability, and/or specificity (e.g., target-specificity, cleavage site specificity, etc.).
  • Example improved activities e.g., enhanced cleavage rates, increased target-specificity, cleavage site specificity, etc.
  • Example improved activities include but are not limited to those described in WO/2014/012081 and WO/2015/107425.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers provides increased stability. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers provides surprisingly increased activity. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers provides increased stability and activity. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers provides surprisingly low toxicity. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers provides surprisingly low immune response. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers provides surprisingly low complement activation. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers provides surprisingly low complement activation via the alternative pathway. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers provides surprisingly improved protein binding profile.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers provides surprisingly increased binding to certain proteins. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers provides surprisingly enhanced delivery. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises or is (Sp)m(Rp)n, (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises or is (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein m>2.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises or is (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein n is 1, t>1, and m>2. In some embodiments, m>3. In some embodiments, m>4. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises one or more achiral natural phosphate linkages.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises, comprises one or more repeats of, or is (Sp) m (Rp) n , (Rp)(Sp) m , (Np) t (Rp) n (Sp) m , or (Sp) t (Rp) n (Sp) m .
  • m is 1-50; and n is 1-10; and t is 1-50.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises or is (Sp)m(Rp)n, (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises or is (Rp) n (Sp) m , (Np) t (Rp) n (Sp) m , or (Sp) t (Rp) n (Sp) m , wherein m>2.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence comprising at least 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more consecutive (Sp) positions.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence comprising at least 5 consecutive (Sp) positions. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence comprising at least 8 consecutive (Sp) positions. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence comprising at least 10 consecutive (Sp) positions. In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp). In some embodiments, a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp) at or adjacent to the position of a SNP.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp), wherein the molecule has a wing-core-wing format.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp), wherein the molecule has a wing-core-wing format, wherein the wing on the 5′ end is 1-9 nt long, the core is 1-15 nt long, and the wing on the 3′ end is 1-9 nt long.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp), wherein the molecule has a wing-core-wing format, wherein the wing on the 5′ end is 5 nt long, the core is 1-15 nt long, and the wing on the 3′ end is 5 nt long.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp), wherein the molecule has a wing-core-wing format, wherein the wing on the 5′ end is 1-9 nt long, the core is 10 nt long, and the wing on the 3′ end is 1-9 nt long.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp), wherein the molecule has a wing-core-wing format, wherein the wing on the 5′ end is 5 nt long, the core is 10 nt long, and the wing on the 3′ end is 5 nt long.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp), wherein the molecule has a wing-core-wing format, wherein the wing on the 5′ end is 5 nt long, the core is 10 nt long, and the wing on the 3′ end is 5 nt long, and at least one wing comprises a nucleotide with a 2′-OMe modification.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp), wherein the molecule has a wing-core-wing format, wherein each wing comprises at least one nucleotide with a 2′-OMe modification.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp), wherein the molecule has a wing-core-wing format, wherein each nucleotide in both wings has a 2′-OMe modification.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers is a sequence consisting of all (Sp) with a single (Rp), wherein the molecule has a wing-core-wing format, wherein the wing on the 5′ end is 5 nt long, the core is 10 nt long, and the wing on the 3′ end is 5 nt long, and each nucleotide in each wing has a 2′-OMe modification.
  • the oligonucleotide is single-stranded and has a wing-core-wing format, wherein the wing on the 5′ end of the molecule comprises 4 to 8 nt, each of which has a 2′-OMe modification and wherein the nt at the 5′ end of the molecule has a phosphorothioate in the Sp conformation;
  • the core comprises 8 to 12 nt, each of which is DNA (2′-H), wherein each has a phosphorothioate in the Sp position except one nt which has the phosphorothioate in the Rp position; and wherein the wing on the 3′ end of the molecule comprises 4 to 8 nt, each of which has a 2′-OMe modification, and wherein the nt at the 3′ end of the molecule comprises a phosphorothioate in the Sp conformation.
  • the oligonucleotide is single-stranded and has a wing-core-wing format, wherein the wing on the 5′ end of the molecule comprises 6 nt, each of which has a 2′-OMe modification and wherein the nt at the 5′ end of the molecule has a phosphorothioate in the Sp conformation;
  • the core comprises 10 nt, each of which is DNA (2′-H), wherein each has a phosphorothioate in the Sp position except one nt which has the phosphorothioate in the Rp position; and wherein the wing on the 3′ end of the molecule comprises 6 nt, each of which has a 2′-OMe modification, and wherein the nt at the 3′ end of the molecule comprises a phosphorothioate in the Sp conformation.
  • the present disclosure recognizes that chemical modifications, such as modifications of nucleosides and internucleotidic linkages, can provide enhanced properties.
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that combinations of chemical modifications and stereochemistry can provide unexpected, greatly improved properties (e.g., bioactivity, selectivity, etc.).
  • chemical combinations, such as modifications of sugars, bases, and/or internucleotidic linkages are combined with stereochemistry patterns, e.g., (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, to provide oligonucleotides and compositions thereof with surprisingly enhanced properties.
  • a provided oligonucleotide composition is chirally controlled, and comprises a combination of 2′-modification of one or more sugar moieties, one or more natural phosphate linkages, one or more phosphorothioate linkages, and a stereochemistry pattern of (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein m>2.
  • n is 1, t>1, and m>2.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality comprise one or more modified sugar moieties, or comprise one or more natural phosphate linkages and one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality comprise one or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise one or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 2 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 3 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 4 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 5 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 6 or more modified sugar moieties.
  • provided oligonucleotides comprise 7 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 8 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 9 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 10 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 15 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 20 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 25 or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 30 or more modified sugar moieties.
  • 5% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 10% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 15% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 20% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 25% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 30% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 35% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified.
  • 40% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 45% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 50% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 55% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 60% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 65% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 70% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified.
  • sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 80% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 85% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 90% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, 95% or more of the sugar moieties of provided oligonucleotides are modified. In some embodiments, each sugar moiety of provided oligonucleotides is modified.
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality comprise one or more natural phosphate linkages and one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • Provided oligonucleotides can comprise various number of natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise no natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise one natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 2 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 3 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 4 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 5 or more natural phosphate linkages.
  • provided oligonucleotides comprise 6 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 7 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 8 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 9 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 10 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 15 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 20 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 25 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 30 or more natural phosphate linkages.
  • 5% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 10% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 15% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 20% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 25% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages.
  • 30% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 35% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 40% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 45% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 50% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages.
  • 55% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 60% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 65% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 70% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 75% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages.
  • 80% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 85% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 90% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 95% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages.
  • Provided oligonucleotides can comprise various number of modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise one modified internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 2 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 3 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 4 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 5 or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • provided oligonucleotides comprise 6 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 7 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 8 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 9 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 10 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 15 or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • provided oligonucleotides comprise 20 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 25 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides comprise 30 or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • 5% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 10% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 15% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 20% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • 25% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 30% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 35% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 40% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • 45% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 50% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 55% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 60% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • 65% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 70% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 75% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 80% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • each internucleotidic linkage of provided oligonucleotides is a modified internucleotidic linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and optionally one or more natural phosphate linkages, and the core region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages; or each wing region independently comprises one or more modified sugar moieties, and the core region comprises one or more un-modified sugar moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and optionally one or more natural phosphate linkages
  • the core region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified sugar moieties, and the core region comprises one or more un-modified sugar moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and optionally one or more natural phosphate linkages, and the core region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages;
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified sugar moieties, and the core region comprises one or more un-modified sugar moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages, and the core region independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages;
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more modified sugar moieties, and the core region comprises one or more un-modified sugar moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and optionally one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising one or more wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising two wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising two wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the wing region to the 5′-end of the core region comprises at least one modified internucleotidic linkage followed by a natural phosphate linkage in the wing;
  • the wing region to the 3′-end of the core region comprises at least one modified internucleotidic linkage preceded by a natural phosphate linkage in the wing;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising a wing region and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • the wing region has a length of two or more bases, and comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the wing region is to the 5′-end of the core region and comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage between the two nucleosides at its 3′-end, or the wing region to the 3′-end of the core region and comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage between the two nucleosides at its 5′-end;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides comprising two wing regions and a core region, wherein:
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have the same base sequence
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages;
  • the wing region to the 5′-end of the core region comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage between the two nucleosides at its 3′-end;
  • the wing region to the 3′-end of a core region comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage between the two nucleosides at its 5′-end;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases and independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • a wing region comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage between the two nucleosides at its 3′-end.
  • a wing region to the 5′-end of a core region comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage between the two nucleosides at its 3′-end.
  • mG*mGmCmAmC is a wing to the 5′-end of the core region (*A*A*G*G*G*C*A*C*A*G*), and it comprise a modified internucleotidic linkage between the two nucleosides at its 3′-end (mG*mGmCmAmC).
  • a wing region comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage between the two nucleosides at its 5′-end.
  • a wing region to the 3′-end of a core region comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage between the two nucleosides at its 5′-end.
  • mAmCmUmU*mC is a wing to the 3′-end of the core region (*A*A*G*G*G*C*A*C*A*G*), and it comprise a modified internucleotidic linkage between the two nucleosides at its 5′-end (mAmCmUmU*mC).
  • oligonucleotides of the first plurality have two wing and one core regions. In some embodiments, the two wing regions are identical. In some embodiments, the two wing regions are different.
  • a wing region comprises 2 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 3 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 4 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 5 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 6 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 7 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 8 or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • a wing region comprises 9 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 10 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 11 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 12 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 13 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 14 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 15 or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • a wing region comprises 2 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 3 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 4 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 5 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 6 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 7 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 8 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • a wing region comprises 9 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 10 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 11 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 12 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 13 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 14 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 15 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each internucleotidic linkage in a wing region is independently a modified internucleotidic linkage.
  • 5% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 10% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 15% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 20% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • 25% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 30% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 35% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 40% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • 45% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 50% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 55% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 60% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 65% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 75% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 80% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 85% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 90% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • each internucleotidic linkage of a wing region is a modified internucleotidic linkage.
  • a wing region comprises 2 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 3 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 4 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 5 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 6 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 7 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 8 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 9 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 10 or more natural phosphate linkages.
  • a wing region comprises 11 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 12 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 13 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 14 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 15 or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 2 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 3 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 4 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 5 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • a wing region comprises 6 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 7 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 8 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 9 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 10 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 11 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 12 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 13 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 14 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing region comprises 15 or consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each internucleotidic linkage in a wing region is independently a natural phosphate linkage.
  • 5% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 10% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 15% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 20% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 25% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages.
  • 30% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 35% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 40% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 45% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 50% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are natural phosphate linkages.
  • 55% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 60% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 65% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 70% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, 75% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are natural phosphate linkages.
  • each internucleotidic linkage of a wing region is a natural phosphate linkage.
  • a core region comprises 2 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 3 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 4 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 5 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 6 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 7 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 8 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 9 or more modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core region comprises 10 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 11 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 12 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 13 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 14 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 15 or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 2 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 3 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core region comprises 4 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 5 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 6 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 7 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 8 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 9 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 10 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 11 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core region comprises 12 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 13 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 14 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises 15 or consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each internucleotidic linkage in a core region is independently a modified internucleotidic linkage.
  • 5% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 10% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 15% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 20% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • 25% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 30% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 35% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 40% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • 45% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a core region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 50% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a core region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 55% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a core region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 60% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a core region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 65% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a core region are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • the internucleotidic linkages of a core region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 75% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a core region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 80% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a core region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 85% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a core region are modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, 90% or more of the internucleotidic linkages of a core region are modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • each internucleotidic linkage of a core region is a modified internucleotidic linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides defined by having:
  • composition is a substantially pure preparation of a single oligonucleotide in that a predetermined level of the oligonucleotides in the composition have the common base sequence and length, the common pattern of backbone linkages, and the common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • a common base sequence and length may be referred to as a common base sequence.
  • oligonucleotides having a common base sequence may have the same pattern of nucleoside modifications, e.g., sugar modifications, base modifications, etc.
  • a pattern of nucleoside modifications may be represented by a combination of locations and modifications. For example, for WV-1092, the pattern of nucleoside linkage is 5 ⁇ 2′-OMe (2′-OMe modification on sugar moieties)-DNA (no 2′-modifications on the sugar moiety)-5 x 2′-OMe from the 5′-end to the 3′-end.
  • a pattern of backbone linkages comprises locations and types (e.g., phosphate, phosphorothioate, substituted phosphorothioate, etc.) of each internucleotidic linkages.
  • the pattern of backbone linkages is 1 ⁇ PS(phosphorothioate)-3 ⁇ PO (phosphate)-11 ⁇ PS-3 ⁇ PO1 ⁇ PS.
  • a pattern of backbone chiral centers of an oligonucleotide can be designated by a combination of linkage phosphorus stereochemistry (Rp/Sp) from 5′ to 3′.
  • Rp/Sp linkage phosphorus stereochemistry
  • WV-1092 has a pattern of 1S-3PO (phosphate)-8S-1R-2S-3PO-1S.
  • all non-chiral linkages e.g., PO
  • locations of non-chiral linkages may be obtained, for example, from pattern of backbone linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides of a particular oligonucleotide type characterized by:
  • composition which composition is chirally controlled in that it is enriched, relative to a substantially racemic preparation of oligonucleotides having the same base sequence and length, for oligonucleotides of the particular oligonucleotide type.
  • a stereorandom or racemic preparation of oligonucleotides is prepared by non-stereoselective and/or low-stereoselective coupling of nucleotide monomers, typically without using any chiral auxiliaries, chiral modification reagents, and/or chiral catalysts.
  • all or most coupling steps are not chirally controlled in that the coupling steps are not specifically conducted to provide enhanced stereoselectivity.
  • substantially racemic preparation of oligonucleotides is the preparation of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides through sulfurizing phosphite triesters from commonly used phosphoramidite oligonucleotide synthesis with either tteraethylthiuram disulfide or (TETD) or 3H-1, 2-bensodithiol-3-one 1, 1-dioxide (BDTD), a well-known process in the art.
  • substantially racemic preparation of oligonucleotides provides substantially racemic oligonucleotide compositions (or chirally uncontrolled oligonucleotide compositions).
  • At least one coupling of a nucleotide monomer has a diastereoselectivity lower than about 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 97:3, 98:2, or 99:1.
  • at least two couplings of a nucleotide monomer have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 97:3, 98:2, or 99:1.
  • At least three couplings of a nucleotide monomer have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 97:3, 98:2, or 99:1.
  • at least four couplings of a nucleotide monomer have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 97:3, 98:2, or 99:1.
  • At least five couplings of a nucleotide monomer have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 97:3, 98:2, or 99:1.
  • at least one internucleotidic linkage has a diastereoselectivity lower than about 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 97:3, 98:2, or 99:1.
  • At least two internucleotidic linkages have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 97:3, 98:2, or 99:1.
  • at least three internucleotidic linkages have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 97:3, 98:2, or 99:1.
  • At least four internucleotidic linkages have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 97:3, 98:2, or 99:1.
  • at least five internucleotidic linkages have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 97:3, 98:2, or 99:1.
  • a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 60:40.
  • a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 70:30.
  • a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 80:20. In some embodiments, a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 90:10. In some embodiments, a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 91:9. In some embodiments, a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 92:8. In some embodiments, a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 93:7. In some embodiments, a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 94:6. In some embodiments, a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 95:5. In some embodiments, a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 96:4.
  • a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 97:3. In some embodiments, a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 98:2. In some embodiments, a diastereoselectivity is lower than about 99:1. In some embodiments, at least one coupling has a diastereoselectivity lower than about 90:10. In some embodiments, at least two couplings have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 90:10. In some embodiments, at least three couplings have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 90:10. In some embodiments, at least four couplings have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 90:10.
  • At least five couplings have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 90:10.
  • at least one internucleotidic linkage has a diastereoselectivity lower than about 90:10.
  • at least two internucleotidic linkages have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 90:10.
  • at least three internucleotidic linkages have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 90:10.
  • at least four internucleotidic linkages have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 90:10.
  • at least five internucleotidic linkages have a diastereoselectivity lower than about 90:10.
  • diastereoselectivity of a coupling or a linkage can be assessed through the diastereoselectivity of a dimer formation under the same or comparable conditions, wherein the dimer has the same 5′- and 3′-nucleosides and internucleotidic linkage.
  • diastereoselectivity of the underlined coupling or linkage in WV-1092 mG*SmGmCmAmC*SA*SA*SG*SG*S G*SC*SA*SC*RA*SG*SmAmCmUmU*SmC can be assessed from coupling two G moieties under the same or comparable conditions, e.g., monomers, chiral auxiliaries, solvents, activators, temperatures, etc.
  • the present disclosure provides chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) oligonucleotide compositions comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides defined by having:
  • composition is a substantially pure preparation of a single oligonucleotide in that at least about 10% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have the common base sequence and length, the common pattern of backbone linkages, and the common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • the present disclosure provides chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of a first plurality of oligonucleotides in that the composition is enriched, relative to a substantially racemic preparation of the same oligonucleotides, for oligonucleotides of a single oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of a first plurality of oligonucleotides in that the composition is enriched, relative to a substantially racemic preparation of the same oligonucleotides, for oligonucleotides of a single oligonucleotide type that share:
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition comprising a first plurality of oligonucleotides of a particular oligonucleotide type characterized by:
  • composition is chirally controlled in that it is enriched, relative to a substantially racemic preparation of oligonucleotides having the same base sequence and length, for oligonucleotides of the particular oligonucleotide type.
  • oligonucleotides having a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications and a common pattern of base modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides having a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications and a common pattern of nucleoside modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides having a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers have identical structures.
  • oligonucleotides of an oligonucleotide type have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications and a common pattern of sugar modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of an oligonucleotide type have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications and a common pattern of base modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of an oligonucleotide type have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications and a common pattern of nucleoside modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of an oligonucleotide type are identical.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is a substantially pure preparation of an oligonucleotide type in that oligonucleotides in the composition that are not of the oligonucleotide type are impurities form the preparation process of said oligonucleotide type, in some case, after certain purification procedures.
  • At least about 20% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 25% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 30% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • At least about 35% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 40% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 45% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • At least about 50% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 55% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 60% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • At least about 65% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 70% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 75% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • At least about 80% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 85% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 90% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • At least about 92% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 94% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, at least about 95% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • At least about 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers. In some embodiments, greater than about 99% of the oligonucleotides in the composition have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • purity of a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide can be expressed as the percentage of oligonucleotides in the composition that have a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • oligonucleotides having a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides having a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications and a common pattern of nucleoside modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides having a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications and a common pattern of sugar modifications.
  • oligonucleotides having a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications and a common pattern of base modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides having a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications and a common pattern of nucleoside modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides having a common base sequence and length, a common pattern of backbone linkages, and a common pattern of backbone chiral centers are identical.
  • oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a common pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications.
  • a common base sequence is a base sequence of an oligonucleotide type.
  • a provided composition is an oligonucleotide composition that is chirally controlled in that the composition contains a predetermined level of a first plurality of oligonucleotides of an individual oligonucleotide type, wherein an oligonucleotide type is defined by:
  • base sequence of an oligonucleotide may refer to the identity and/or modification status of nucleoside residues (e.g., of sugar and/or base components, relative to standard naturally occurring nucleotides such as adenine, cytosine, guanosine, thymine, and uracil) in the oligonucleotide and/or to the hybridization character (i.e., the ability to hybridize with particular complementary residues) of such residues.
  • nucleoside residues e.g., of sugar and/or base components, relative to standard naturally occurring nucleotides such as adenine, cytosine, guanosine, thymine, and uracil
  • a particular oligonucleotide type may be defined by
  • oligonucleotides of a particular type may share identical bases but differ in their pattern of base modifications and/or sugar modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of a particular type may share identical bases and pattern of base modifications (including, e.g., absence of base modification), but differ in pattern of sugar modifications.
  • oligonucleotides of a particular type are identical in that they have the same base sequence (including length), the same pattern of chemical modifications to sugar and base moieties, the same pattern of backbone linkages (e.g., pattern of natural phosphate linkages, phosphorothioate linkages, phosphorothioate triester linkages, and combinations thereof), the same pattern of backbone chiral centers (e.g., pattern of stereochemistry (Rp/Sp) of chiral internucleotidic linkages), and the same pattern of backbone phosphorus modifications (e.g., pattern of modifications on the internucleotidic phosphorus atom, such as —S ⁇ , and —L—R 1 of formula I).
  • backbone linkages e.g., pattern of natural phosphate linkages, phosphorothioate linkages, phosphorothioate triester linkages, and combinations thereof
  • backbone chiral centers e.g., pattern of stereochemistry (R
  • purity of a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type is expressed as the percentage of oligonucleotides in the composition that are of the oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 10% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 20% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type.
  • At least about 30% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 40% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 50% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type.
  • At least about 60% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 70% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 80% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type.
  • At least about 90% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 92% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 94% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type.
  • At least about 95% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 96% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 97% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type.
  • At least about 98% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type. In some embodiments, at least about 99% of the oligonucleotides in a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition are of the same oligonucleotide type.
  • purity of a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition can be controlled by stereoselectivity of each coupling step in its preparation process.
  • a coupling step has a stereoselectivity (e.g., diastereoselectivity) of 60% (60% of the new internucleotidic linkage formed from the coupling step has the intended stereochemistry). After such a coupling step, the new internucleotidic linkage formed may be referred to have a 60% purity.
  • each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 60%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 70%.
  • each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 80%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 85%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 90%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 91%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 92%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 93%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 94%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 95%.
  • each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 96%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 97%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 98%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 99%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 99.5%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of virtually 100%. In some embodiments, a coupling step has a stereoselectivity of virtually 100% in that all detectable product from the coupling step by an analytical method (e.g., NMR, HPLC, etc) has the intended stereoselectivity.
  • an analytical method e.g., NMR, HPLC, etc
  • oligonucleotide structural elements e.g., patterns of chemical modifications, backbone linkages, backbone chiral centers, and/or backbone phosphorus modifications
  • can provide surprisingly improved properties such as bioactivities.
  • the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide composition comprising a predetermined level of a first plurality of oligonucleotides which comprise one or more wing regions and a common core region, wherein:
  • each wing region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently and optionally comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages;
  • the core region independently has a length of two or more bases, and independently comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages, and the common core region has:
  • a wing region comprises a structural feature that is not in a core region.
  • a wing and core can be defined by any structural elements, e.g., base modifications (e.g., methylated/non-methylated, methylation at position 1/-methylation at position 2, etc.), sugar modifications (e.g., modified/non-modified, 2′-modification/another type of modification, one type of 2′-modification/another type of 2′-modification, etc.), backbone linkage types (e.g., phosphate/phosphorothioate, phosphorothioate/substituted phosphorothioate, etc.), backbone chiral center stereochemistry(e.g., all Sp/all Rp, (SpRp) repeats/all Rp, etc.), backbone phosphorus modification types (e.g., s1/s2, s1/s3, etc.), etc.
  • base modifications e.g., methylated/non-methyl
  • a wing and core is defined by nucleoside modifications, wherein a wing comprises a nucleoside modification that the core region does not have.
  • a wing and core is defined by sugar modifications, wherein a wing comprises a sugar modification that the core region does not have.
  • a sugar modification is a 2′-modification.
  • a sugar modification is 2′-OR 1 .
  • a sugar modification is 2′-MOE.
  • a sugar modification is 2′-OMe.
  • a wing and core is defined by internucleotidic linkages, wherein a wing comprises a internucleotidic linkage type (e..g., natural phosphate linkage, a type of modified internucleotidic linkage, etc.) that the core region does not have.
  • a wing and core is defined by internucleotidic linkages, wherein a wing has a pattern of backbone linkage that is different from that of the core.
  • oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a wing-core structure (hemimer). In some embodiments, oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a wing-core structure of nucleoside modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a core-wing structure (another type of hemimer). In some embodiments, oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a core-wing structure of nucleoside modifications. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a wing-core-wing structure (gapmer).
  • oligonucleotides in provided compositions have a wing-core-wing structure of nucleoside modifications.
  • a wing and core is defined by modifications of the sugar moieties.
  • a wing and core is defined by modifications of the base moieties.
  • each sugar moiety in the wing region has the same 2′-modification which is not found in the core region.
  • each sugar moiety in the wing region has the same 2′-modification which is different than any sugar modifications in the core region.
  • a core region has no sugar modification.
  • each sugar moiety in the wing region has the same 2′-modification, and the core region has no 2′-modifications.
  • each wing is defined by its own modifications.
  • each wing has its own characteristic sugar modification.
  • each wing has the same characteristic sugar modification differentiating it from a core.
  • each wing sugar moiety has the same modification.
  • each wing sugar moiety has the same 2′-modification.
  • each sugar moiety in a wing region has the same 2′-modification, yet the common 2′-modification in a first wing region can either be the same as or different from the common 2′-modification in a second wing region.
  • each sugar moiety in a wing region has the same 2′-modification, and the common 2′-modification in a first wing region is the same as the common 2′-modification in a second wing region.
  • each sugar moiety in a wing region has the same 2′-modification, and the common 2′-modification in a first wing region is different from the common 2′-modification in a second wing region.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are antisense oligonucleotides (e.g., chiromersen). In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are siRNA oligonucleotides.
  • a provided chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of oligonucleotides that can be antisense oligonucleotide, antagomir, microRNA, pre-microRNs, antimir, supermir, ribozyme, Ul adaptor, RNA activator, RNAi agent, decoy oligonucleotide, triplex forming oligonucleotide, aptamer or adjuvant.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of antisense oligonucleotides.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of antagomir oligonucleotides.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of microRNA oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of pre-microRNA oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of antimir oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of supermir oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of ribozyme oligonucleotides.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of Ul adaptor oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of RNA activator oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of RNAi agent oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of decoy oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of triplex forming oligonucleotides.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of aptamer oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is of adjuvant oligonucleotides.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides that include one or more modified backbone linkages, bases, and/or sugars.
  • a provided oligonucleotide comprises one or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide comprises two or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide comprises three or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide comprises four or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide comprises five or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages.
  • a provided oligonucleotide comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 5 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 6 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 7 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 8 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages.
  • a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 9 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 10 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 11 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 12 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 13 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 14 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages.
  • a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 15 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 16 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 17 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 18 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 19 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 20 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages.
  • a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 21 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 22 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 23 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 24 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a provided oligonucleotide type comprises 25 or more chiral, modified phosphate linkages.
  • a provided oligonucleotide comprises at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% chiral, modified phosphate linkages.
  • Example such chiral, modified phosphate linkages are described above and herein.
  • a provided oligonucleotide comprises at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% chiral, modified phosphate linkages in the Sp configuration.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 80%. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 85%. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 90%. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 91%. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 92%.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 93%. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 94%. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 95%. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 96%. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 97%.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 98%. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of a stereochemical purity of greater than about 99%.
  • a chiral, modified phosphate linkage is a chiral phosphorothioate linkage, i.e., phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkage.
  • a provided oligonucleotide comprises at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • all chiral, modified phosphate linkages are chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • At least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 10% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 20% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation.
  • At least about 30% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 40% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 50% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 60% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation.
  • At least about 70% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 80% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 95% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Sp conformation.
  • At least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 10% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 20% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation.
  • At least about 30% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 40% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 50% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 60% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation.
  • At least about 70% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 80% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 95% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation.
  • less than about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 10% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 20% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation.
  • less than about 30% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 40% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 50% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 60% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation.
  • less than about 70% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 80% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation.
  • less than about 95% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a provided oligonucleotide are of the Rp conformation.
  • a provided oligonucleotide has only one Rp chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a provided oligonucleotide has only one Rp chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages, wherein all internucleotide linkages are chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkage is a chiral phosphorothioate diester linkage. In some embodiments, each chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkage is independently a chiral phosphorothioate diester linkage. In some embodiments, each internucleotidic linkage is independently a chiral phosphorothioate diester linkage. In some embodiments, each internucleotidic linkage is independently a chiral phosphorothioate diester linkage, and only one is Rp.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides that contain one or more modified bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides that contain no modified bases. Example such modified bases are described above and herein.
  • oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least one natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least two natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least three natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least four natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least five natural phosphate linkages.
  • oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least six natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least seven natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least eight natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least nine natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least ten natural phosphate linkages.
  • oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise one natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise two natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise three natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise four natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise five natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise six natural phosphate linkages.
  • oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise seven natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise eight natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise nine natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise ten natural phosphate linkages.
  • oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least two consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least three consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least four consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least five consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least six consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least seven consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least eight consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least nine consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise at least ten consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise two consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise three consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise four consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise five consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise six consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise seven consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise eight consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise nine consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of provided compositions comprise ten consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 8 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 9 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 10 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 11 bases.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 12 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 13 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 14 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 15 bases.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 16 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 17 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 18 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 19 bases.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 20 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 21 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 22 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 23 bases.
  • provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 24 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 25 bases. In some embodiments, provided chirally controlled (and/or stereochemically pure) preparations are of oligonucleotides having a common base sequence of at least 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, or 75 bases.
  • provided compositions comprise oligonucleotides containing one or more residues which are modified at the sugar moiety. In some embodiments, provided compositions comprise oligonucleotides containing one or more residues which are modified at the 2′ position of the sugar moiety (referred to herein as a “2′-modification”). Example such modifications are described above and herein and include, but are not limited to, 2′-OMe, 2′-MOE, 2′-LNA, 2′-F, FRNA, FANA, S-cEt, etc. In some embodiments, provided compositions comprise oligonucleotides containing one or more residues which are 2′-modified.
  • provided oligonucleotides contain one or more residues which are 2′-O-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE)-modified residues.
  • provided compositions comprise oligonucleotides which do not contain any 2′-modifications.
  • provided compositions are oligonucleotides which do not contain any 2′-MOE residues. That is, in some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides are not MOE-modified. Additional example sugar modifications are described in the present disclosure.
  • provided oligonucleotides are of a general motif of wing-core or core-wing (hemimer, also represented herein generally as X-Y or Y-X, respectively). In some embodiments, provided oligonucleotides are of a general motif of wing-core-wing (gapmer, also represented herein generally as X-Y-X). In some embodiments, each wing region independently contains one or more residues having a particular modification, which modification is absent from the core “Y” portion. In some embodiments, each wing region independently contains one or more residues having a particular nucleoside modification, which modification is absent from the core “Y” portion.
  • each wing region independently contains one or more residues having a particular base modification, which modification is absent from the core “Y” portion. In some embodiments, each wing region independently contains one or more residues having a particular sugar modification, which modification is absent from the core “Y” portion.
  • Example sugar modifications are widely known in the art.
  • a sugar modification is a modification selected from those modifications described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,006,198, which sugar modifications are incorporated herein by references. Additional example sugar modifications are described in the present disclosure.
  • each wing contains one or more residues having a 2′ modification that is not present in the core portion. In some embodiments, a 2′-modification is 2′-OR 1 , wherein R 1 is as defined and described in the present disclosure.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a wing-core motif represented as X-Y, or a core-wing motif represented as Y-X, wherein the residues at the “X” portion are sugar modified residues of a particular type and the residues in the core “Y” portion are not sugar modified residues of the same particular type.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a wing-core-wing motif represented as X-Y-X, wherein the residues at each “X” portion are sugar modified residues of a particular type and the residues in the core “Y” portion are not sugar modified residues of the same particular type.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a wing-core motif represented as X-Y, or a core-wing motif represented as Y-X, wherein the residues at the “X” portion are 2′-modified residues of a particular type and the residues in the core “Y” portion are not 2′-modified residues of the same particular type.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a wing-core motif represented as X-Y, wherein the residues at the “X” portion are 2′-modified residues of a particular type and the residues in the core “Y” portion are not 2′-modified residues of the same particular type.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a core-wing motif represented as Y-X, wherein the residues at the “X” portion are 2′-modified residues of a particular type and the residues in the core “Y” portion are not 2′-modified residues of the same particular type.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a wing-core-wing motif represented as X-Y-X, wherein the residues at each “X” portion are 2′-modified residues of a particular type and the residues in the core “Y” portion are not 2′-modified residues of the same particular type.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a wing-core motif represented as X-Y, wherein the residues at the “X” portion are 2′-modified residues of a particular type and the residues in the core “Y” portion are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a core-wing motif represented as Y-X, wherein the residues at the “X” portion are 2′-modified residues of a particular type and the residues in the core “Y” portion are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a wing-core-wing motif represented as X-Y-X, wherein the residues at each “X” portion are 2′-modified residues of a particular type and the residues in the core “Y” portion are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a wing-core-wing motif represented as X-Y-X, wherein the residues at each “X” portion are 2′-modified residues of a particular type and the residues in the core “Y” portion are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a wing-core-wing motif represented as X-Y-X, wherein the residues at each “X” portion are 2′-MOE-modified residues and the residues in the core “Y” portion are not 2′-MOE-modified residues.
  • provided oligonucleotides have a wing-core-wing motif represented as X-Y-X, wherein the residues at each “X” portion are 2′-MOE-modified residues and the residues in the core “Y” portion are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside.
  • a wing has a length of one or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of two or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of three or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of four or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of five or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of six or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of seven or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of eight or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of nine or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of ten or more bases.
  • a wing has a length of 11 or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 12 or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 13 or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 14 or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 15 or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 16 or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 17 or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 18 or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 19 or more bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of ten or more bases.
  • a wing has a length of one base. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of two bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of three bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of four bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of five bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of six bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of seven bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of eight bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of nine bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of ten bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 11 bases.
  • a wing has a length of 12 bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 13 bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 14 bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 15 bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 16 bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 17 bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 18 bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of 19 bases. In some embodiments, a wing has a length of ten bases.
  • a wing comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing comprises one or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages and two or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages and two or more natural phosphate linkages, wherein two or more natural phosphate linkages are consecutive. In some embodiments, a wing comprises no chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing linkage is a natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, a wing comprises no phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing is independently a chiral internucleotidic linkage.
  • each wing region independently comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises one or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages and two or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages and two or more natural phosphate linkages, wherein two or more natural phosphate linkages are consecutive.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least one chiral internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least two chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least three chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least four chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least five chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least six chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least seven chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least eight chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least nine chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least ten chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 11 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 12 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 13 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 14 chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least 15 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 16 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 17 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 18 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 19 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 20 chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises one chiral internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises two chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises three chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises four chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises five chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises six chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises seven chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises eight chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises nine chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises ten chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 11 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 12 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 13 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 14 chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises 15 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 16 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 17 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 18 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 19 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 20 chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least one consecutive natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least two consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least three consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least four consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least five consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least six consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least seven consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least eight consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least nine consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least ten consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 11 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 12 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 13 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least 14 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 15 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 16 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 17 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 18 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 19 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 20 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises one consecutive natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises two consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises three consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises four consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises five consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises six consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises seven consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises eight consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises nine consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises ten consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 11 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 12 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 13 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 14 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises 15 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 16 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 17 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 18 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 19 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 20 consecutive chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least one natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least two natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least three natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least four natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least five natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least six natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least seven natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least eight natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least nine natural phosphate linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least ten natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 11 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 12 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 13 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 14 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 15 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 16 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 17 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 18 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 19 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 20 natural phosphate linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises one natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises two natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises three natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises four natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises five natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises six natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises seven natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises eight natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises nine natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises ten natural phosphate linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises 11 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 12 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 13 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 14 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 15 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 16 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 17 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 18 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 19 natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 20 natural phosphate linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least one consecutive natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least two consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least three consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least four consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least five consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least six consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least seven consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least eight consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least nine consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least ten consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 11 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 12 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 13 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 14 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 15 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 16 consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises at least 17 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 18 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 19 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises at least 20 consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises one consecutive natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises two consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises three consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises four consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises five consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises six consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises seven consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises eight consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises nine consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • each wing region independently comprises ten consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 11 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 12 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 13 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 14 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 15 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 16 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 17 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 18 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 19 consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region independently comprises 20 consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • a wing is to the 5′-end of a core (5′-end wing). In some embodiments, a wing is to the 3′-end of a core (3′-end wing).
  • mG*SmGmCmAmC is a 5′-end wing
  • *SA*SA*SG*SG*SG*SC*SA*SC*RA*SG*S is a core
  • mAmCmUmU*SmC is a 3′-end wing.
  • a 5′-end wing comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a 3′-end wing comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate internucleotidic linkages.
  • each wing independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate internucleotidic linkages.
  • WV-1092 has a 5′-end wing comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate internucleotidic linkages, and a 3′-end wing comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a 5′-end wing comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage having one or more natural phosphate linkages connecting two or more nucleosides after (to the 3′-end) the modified internucleotidic linkage in the 5′-end wing.
  • a 5′-end wing mG*SmGmCmAmC comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage (mG *S mG) which has three natural phosphate linkages connecting four nucleosides (mGmCmAmC) after the modified internucleotidic linkage in the 5′-end wing.
  • a 5′-end wing comprises a modified internucleotidic linkages followed by one or more natural phosphate linkages and/or one or more modified internucleotidic linkages, which are followed by one or more natural phosphate linkages in the 5′-end wing (for example, mG *S mG and mG *S mC in mG*SmG*SmCmAmC).
  • a 5′-end wing comprises a modified internucleotidic linkages followed by one or more natural phosphate linkages in the 5′-end wing.
  • a 5′-end wing comprises a modified internucleotidic linkages followed by one or more consecutive natural phosphate linkages in the 5′-end wing.
  • a 5′-end wing comprises a natural phosphate linkage between the two nucleosides at its 3′-end.
  • a 5′-end wing mG*SmGmCmAmC has a natural phosphate linkage between the two nucleosides at its 3′-end (mG*SmGmC mAmC ).
  • a 3′-end wing comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage having one or more natural phosphate linkages connecting two or more nucleosides before (to the 5′-end) the modified internucleotidic linkage in the 3′-end wing.
  • a 3′-end wing mAmCmUmU*SmC comprises a modified internucleotidic linkage (mU *S mC) which has three natural phosphate linkages connecting four nucleosides (mAmCmUmU) before the modified internucleotidic linkage in the 3′-end wing.
  • a 3′-end wing comprises a modified internucleotidic linkages preceded by one or more natural phosphate linkages and/or one or more modified internucleotidic linkages, which are preceded by one or more natural phosphate linkages in the 3′-end wing (for example, mU *S mU and mU *S mC in mAmCmU*SmU*SmC).
  • a 3′-end wing comprises a modified internucleotidic linkages preceded by one or more natural phosphate linkages in the 3′-end wing.
  • a 3′-end wing comprises a modified internucleotidic linkages preceded by one or more consecutive natural phosphate linkages in the 3′-end wing.
  • a 3′-end wing comprises a natural phosphate linkage between the two nucleosides at its 5′-end.
  • a 3′-end wing having the structure of mAmCmUmU*SmC has a natural phosphate linkage between the two nucleosides at its 5′-end ( mAmC mUmU*SmC).
  • one or more is one. In some embodiments, one or more is two. In some embodiments, one or more is three. In some embodiments, one or more is four. In some embodiments, one or more is five. In some embodiments, one or more is six. In some embodiments, one or more is seven. In some embodiments, one or more is eight. In some embodiments, one or more is nine. In some embodiments, one or more is ten. In some embodiments, one or more is at least one. In some embodiments, one or more is at least two. In some embodiments, one or more is at least three. In some embodiments, one or more is at least four. In some embodiments, one or more is at least five. In some embodiments, one or more is at least six. In some embodiments, one or more is at least seven. In some embodiments, one or more is at least eight. In some embodiments, one or more is at least nine. In some embodiments, one or more is at least ten.
  • a wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, a 5′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, a 5′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage at the 5′-end of the wing. In some embodiments, a 5′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage at the 5′-end of the wing, and the chiral internucleotidic linkage is Rp.
  • a 5′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage at the 5′-end of the wing, and the chiral internucleotidic linkage is Sp.
  • a 3′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage at the 3′-end of the wing.
  • a 3′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage at the 3′-end of the wing, and the chiral internucleotidic linkage is Rp.
  • a 3′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage at the 3′-end of the wing, and the chiral internucleotidic linkage is Sp.
  • a wing comprises two or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, all phosphate linkages within a wing are consecutive, and there are no non-phosphate linkages between any two phosphate linkages within a wing.
  • a linkage connecting a wing and a core is considered part of the core when describing linkages, e.g., linkage chemistry, linkage stereochemistry, etc.
  • linkages e.g., linkage chemistry, linkage stereochemistry, etc.
  • the underlined linkages may be considered as part of the core (bold)
  • its 5′-wing having 2′-OMe on sugar moieties
  • its 3′-wing having 2′-OMe on sugar moieties
  • its core has no 2′-modifications on sugar).
  • a 5′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a modified linkage. In some embodiments, a 5′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a linkage having the structure of formula I. In some embodiments, a 5′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, a 5′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a substituted phosphorothioate linkage.
  • a 5′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a phosphorothioate triester linkage.
  • each 5′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a modified linkage.
  • each 5′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a linkage having the structure of formula I.
  • each 5′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is phosphorothioate linkage.
  • each 5′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a substituted phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, each 5′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a phosphorothioate triester linkage.
  • a 3′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a modified linkage. In some embodiments, a 3′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a linkage having the structure of formula I. In some embodiments, a 3′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, a 3′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a substituted phosphorothioate linkage.
  • a 3′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a phosphorothioate triester linkage.
  • each 3′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a modified linkage.
  • each 3′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a linkage having the structure of formula I.
  • each 3′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is phosphorothioate linkage.
  • each 3′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a substituted phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, each 3′-internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a phosphorothioate triester linkage.
  • both internucleotidic linkages connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification are modified linkages. In some embodiments, both internucleotidic linkages connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification are linkage having the structure of formula I. In some embodiments, both internucleotidic linkages connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification are phosphorothioate linkages. In some embodiments, both internucleotidic linkages connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification are substituted phosphorothioate linkages.
  • both internucleotidic linkages connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification are phosphorothioate triester linkages.
  • each internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a modified linkage.
  • each internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a linkage having the structure of formula I.
  • each internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is phosphorothioate linkage.
  • each internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a substituted phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, each internucleotidic linkage connected to a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a phosphorothioate triester linkage.
  • a sugar moiety without a 2′-modification is a sugar moiety found in a natural DNA nucleoside.
  • the 5′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, for a wing-core-wing structure, the 5′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage at the 5′-end of the wing. In some embodiments, for a wing-core-wing structure, the 3′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, for a wing-core-wing structure, the 3′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage at the 3′-end of the wing.
  • each wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, for a wing-core-wing structure, each wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage, wherein the 5′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage at its 5′-end; and the 3′-end wing comprises only one chiral internucleotidic linkage at its 3′-end. In some embodiments, the only chiral internucleotidic linkage in the 5′-wing is Rp. In some embodiments, the only chiral internucleotidic linkage in the 5′-wing is Sp.
  • the only chiral internucleotidic linkage in the 3′-wing is Rp. In some embodiments, the only chiral internucleotidic linkage in the 3′-wing is Sp. In some embodiments, the only chiral internucleotidic linkage in both the 5′- and the 3′-wings are Sp. In some embodiments, the only chiral internucleotidic linkage in both the 5′- and the 3′-wings are Rp. In some embodiments, the only chiral internucleotidic linkage in the 5′-wing is Sp, and the only chiral internucleotidic linkage in the 3′-wing is Rp. In some embodiments, the only chiral internucleotidic linkage in the 5′-wing is Rp, and the only chiral internucleotidic linkage in the 3′-wing is Sp.
  • a wing comprises two chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a wing comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, and one or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, and two or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, and two or more consecutive natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a wing comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, and two consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • a wing comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, and three consecutive natural phosphate linkages.
  • a 5′-wing (to a core) comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, one at its 5′-end and the other at its 3′-end, with one or more natural phosphate linkages in between.
  • a 5′-wing (to a core) comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, one at its 5′-end and the other at its 3′-end, with two or more natural phosphate linkages in between.
  • a 3′-wing (to a core) comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, one at its 3′-end and the other at its 3′-end, with one or more natural phosphate linkages in between. In some embodiments, a 3′-wing (to a core) comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, one at its 3′-end and the other at its 3′-end, with two or more natural phosphate linkages in between.
  • a 5′-wing comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, one at its 5′-end and the other at its 3′-end, with one or more natural phosphate linkages in between, and the 3′-wing comprise only one internucleotidic linkage at its 3′-end.
  • a 5′-wing (to a core) comprises only two chiral internucleotidic linkages, one at its 5′-end and the other at its 3′-end, with two or more natural phosphate linkages in between, and the 3′-wing comprise only one internucleotidic linkage at its 3′-end.
  • each chiral internucleotidic linkage independently has its own stereochemistry. In some embodiments, both chiral internucleotidic linkages in the 5′-wing have the same stereochemistry. In some embodiments, both chiral internucleotidic linkages in the 5′-wing have different stereochemistry. In some embodiments, both chiral internucleotidic linkages in the 5′-wing are Rp. In some embodiments, both chiral internucleotidic linkages in the 5′-wing are Sp. In some embodiments, chiral internucleotidic linkages in the 5′- and 3′-wings have the same stereochemistry.
  • chiral internucleotidic linkages in the 5′- and 3′-wings are Rp. In some embodiments, chiral internucleotidic linkages in the 5′- and 3′-wings are Sp. In some embodiments, chiral internucleotidic linkages in the 5′- and 3′-wings have different stereochemistry.
  • a chiral, modified phosphate linkage is a chiral phosphorothioate linkage, i.e., phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkage.
  • a wing region comprises at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • all chiral, modified phosphate linkages are chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • At least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 10% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 20% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 30% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation.
  • At least about 40% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 50% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 60% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 70% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation.
  • At least about 80% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 95% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Sp conformation.
  • At least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 10% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 20% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 30% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation.
  • At least about 40% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 50% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 60% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 70% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation.
  • At least about 80% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 95% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation.
  • less than about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 10% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 20% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 30% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation.
  • less than about 40% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 50% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 60% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 70% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation.
  • less than about 80% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 95% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a wing region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, a wing region has only one Rp chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a wing region has only one Rp chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages, wherein all internucleotide linkages are chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core region has a length of one or more bases. In some embodiments, a core region has a length of two or more bases. In some embodiments, a core region has a length of three or more bases. In some embodiments, a core region has a length of four or more bases. In some embodiments, a core region has a length of five or more bases. In some embodiments, a core region has a length of six or more bases. In some embodiments, a core region has a length of seven or more bases. In some embodiments, a core region has a length of eight or more bases. In some embodiments, a core region has a length of nine or more bases. In some embodiments, a core region has a length of ten or more bases.
  • a core region has a length of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, or more bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 11 or more bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 12 or more bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 13 or more bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 14 or more bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 15 or more bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 16 or more bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 17 or more bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 18 or more bases.
  • a core region has a length of 19 or more bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 20 or more bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of more than 20 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 2 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 3 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 4 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 5 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 6 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 7 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 8 bases.
  • a core region has a length of 9 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 10 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 11 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 12 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 13 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 14 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 15 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 16 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 17 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 18 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 19 bases. In certain embodiments, a core region has a length of 20 bases.
  • a core comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises one or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a core independently comprises one or more modified internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises no natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each core linkage is a modified internucleotidic linkage.
  • a core comprises at least one natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least two modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least three modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least four modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least five modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least six modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least seven modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least eight modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core comprises at least nine modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least ten modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 11 modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 12 modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 13 modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 14 modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 15 modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 16 modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core comprises at least 17 modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 18 modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 19 modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 20 modified internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises one or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a core independently comprises one or more chiral internucleotidic linkages and one or more natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises no natural phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, each core linkage is a chiral internucleotidic linkage.
  • a core comprises at least one natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least two chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least three chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least four chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least five chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least six chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least seven chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core comprises at least eight chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least nine chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least ten chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 11 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 12 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 13 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 14 chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core comprises at least 15 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 16 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 17 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 18 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 19 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises at least 20 chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core comprises one natural phosphate linkage. In some embodiments, a core comprises two chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises three chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises four chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises five chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises six chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises seven chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises eight chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core comprises nine chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises ten chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises 11 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises 12 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises 13 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises 14 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises 15 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises 16 chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core comprises 17 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises 18 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises 19 chiral internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core comprises 20 chiral internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Sp)m(Rp)n, (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein each of m, n, t and Np is independently as defined and described in the present disclosure.
  • a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Sp)m(Rp)n, (Rp)n(Sp)m, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, or (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Sp)m(Rp)n. In some embodiments, a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Sp)m(Rp)n, wherein m>2 and n is 1. In some embodiments, a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Rp)n(Sp)m. In some embodiments, a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein m>2 and n is 1. In some embodiments, a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein m>2 and n is 1. In some embodiments, a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein t>2, m>2 and n is 1. In some embodiments, a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m. In some embodiments, a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein m>2 and n is 1.
  • a core region has a pattern of backbone chiral centers comprising (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein t>2, m>2 and n is 1.
  • backbone chiral centers comprising (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein t>2, m>2 and n is 1.
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that, in some embodiments, such patterns can provide and/or enhance controlled cleavage, improved cleavage rate, selectivity, etc., of a target sequence, e.g., an RNA sequence.
  • Example patterns of backbone chiral centers are described in the present disclosure.
  • At least 60% of the chiral internucleotidic linkages in the core region are Sp. In some embodiments, at least 65% of the chiral internucleotidic linkages in the core region are Sp. In some embodiments, at least 66% of the chiral internucleotidic linkages in the core region are Sp. In some embodiments, at least 67% of the chiral internucleotidic linkages in the core region are Sp. In some embodiments, at least 70% of the chiral internucleotidic linkages in the core region are Sp. In some embodiments, at least 75% of the chiral internucleotidic linkages in the core region are Sp.
  • At least 80% of the chiral internucleotidic linkages in the core region are Sp. In some embodiments, at least 85% of the chiral internucleotidic linkages in the core region are Sp. In some embodiments, at least 90% of the chiral internucleotidic linkages in the core region are Sp. In some embodiments, at least 95% of the chiral internucleotidic linkages in the core region are Sp.
  • a wing-core-wing (i.e., X-Y-X) motif is represented numerically as, e.g., 5-10-4, meaning the wing to the 5′-end of the core is 5 bases in length, the core region is 10 bases in length, and the wing region to the 3′-end of the core is 4-bases in length.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is any of, e.g.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is 5-10-5. In certain embodiments, a wing-core-wing motif is 7-7-6. In certain embodiments, a wing-core-wing motif is 8-7-5.
  • a wing-core motif is 5-15, 6-14, 7-13, 8-12, 9-12, etc. In some embodiments, a core-wing motif is 5-15, 6-14, 7-13, 8-12, 9-12, etc.
  • the internucleosidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides of such wing-core-wing (i.e., X-Y-X) motifs are all chiral, modified phosphate linkages. In some embodiments, the internucleosidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides of such wing-core-wing (i.e., X-Y-X) motifs are all chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • chiral internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides of such wing-core-wing motifs are at least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 50, 70, 80, or 90% chiral, modified phosphate internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, chiral internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides of such wing-core-wing motifs are at least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • chiral internucleotidic linkages of provided oligonucleotides of such wing-core-wing motifs are at least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 50, 70, 80, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of the Sp conformation.
  • each wing region of a wing-core-wing motif optionally contains chiral, modified phosphate internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region of a wing-core-wing motif optionally contains chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, each wing region of a wing-core-wing motif contains chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, the two wing regions of a living-core-wing motif have the same internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry. In some embodiments, the two wing regions have different internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry. In some embodiments, each internucleotidic linkage in the wings is independently a chiral internucleotidic linkage.
  • the core region of a wing-core-wing motif optionally contains chiral, modified phosphate internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif optionally contains chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages. in some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises a repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing, motif has a repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry.
  • the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is (Sp)mRp or Rp(Sp)m, wherein m is 1-50. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is (Sp)mRp or Rp(Sp)m, wherein ni is 1-50. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is (Sp)m_Rp, wherein m is 1-50.
  • the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is Rp(Sp)m, wherein m is 1-50. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif has repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is (Sp)mRp or Rp(Sp)m, wherein m is 1-50. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif has repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is (Sp)mRp, wherein m is 1-50.
  • the core region of a wing-core-wing motif has repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is Rp(Sp)m, wherein m is 1-50. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif has repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is a motif comprising at least 33% of internucleotidic linkage in the S conformation. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif has repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is a motif comprising at least 50% of internucleotidic linkage in the S conformation.
  • the core region of a wing-core-wing motif has repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is a motif comprising at least 66% of internucleotidic linkage in the S conformation.
  • the core region of a wing-core-wing motif has repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is a repeating triplet motif selected from RpRpSp and SpSpRp.
  • the core region of a wing-core-wing motif has repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is a repeating RpRpSp.
  • the core region of a wing-core-wing motif has repeating pattern of internucleotidic linkage stereochemistry, wherein the repeating pattern is a repeating SpSpRp.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises (Sp)mRp or Rp(Sp)m. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises Rp(Sp)m. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises (Sp)mRp. In some embodiments, m is 2.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises Rp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises (Sp) 2 Rp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises (Rp) 2 Rp(Sp) 2 .
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises RpSpRp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises SpRpRp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises (Sp) 2 Rp.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (Sp)mRp or Rp(Sp)m. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises Rp(SP)m. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (;Sp)mRp.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises Rp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (Sp) 2 Rp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (Rp) 2 Rp(Sp) 2 .
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises RpSpRp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises SpRpRp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (SP) 2 Rp.
  • SP chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers
  • m is 1-50. In some embodiments, m is 1. In some embodiments, m is 2-50, In some embodiments, m is 2, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, m is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, M is 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, m is 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, m is 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, m is 7 or 8. In some embodiments, m is 2. In some embodiments, m is 3. In some embodiments, m is 4. In some embodiments, m is —S—. In some embodiments, m is 6. In some embodiments, m is 7. In some embodiments, m is 8. In some embodiments, m is 9.
  • m is 10, In some embodiments, m is 11. In some embodiments, m is 12. In some embodiments, rn is 13. In some embodiments, m is 14. In some embodiments, m is 15. In some embodiments, m is 16. In some embodiments, m is 17. In some embodiments, m is 18. In some embodiments, m is 19. In some embodiments, m is 20. In some embodiments, m is 21. In some embodiments, m is 22. In some embodiments, m is 23. In some embodiments, m is 24. In some embodiments, M is 25. In some embodiments, m is greater than 25.
  • a repeating pattern is (Sp)m(Rp)n, wherein n is 1-10, and m is independently as defined above and described herein.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (Sp)m(Rp)n.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises (Sp)m(Rp)n.
  • a repeating pattern is (Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein n is 1-10, and m is independently as defined above and described herein.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises (Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • (Rp)n(Sp)m is (Rp)(Sp) 2 .
  • (Sp)n(Rp)m is (Sp) 2 (Rp).
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t.
  • a repeating pattern is (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t, wherein n is 1-10, t is 1-50, and m is as defined above and described herein.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t.
  • a repeating pattern is (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein n is 1-10, t is 1-50, and m is as defined above and described herein.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • a repeating pattern is (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m, wherein n is 1-10, t is 1-50, Np is independently Rp or Sp, and m is as defined above and described herein.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core regi on comprises (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m.
  • a repeating pattern is (Np)m(Rp)n(Sp)t, wherein n is 1-10, t is 1-50, Np is independently Rp or Sp, and m is as defined above and described herein.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers comprises (Np)m(Rp)n(Sp)t.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition of an oligonucleotide type whose pattern of backbone chiral centers in the core region comprises (Np)m(Rp)n(Sp)t.
  • Np is Rp. In some embodiments, Np is Sp. In some embodiments, all Np are the same. In some embodiments, all Np are Sp. In some embodiments, at least one Np is different from the other Np. In some embodiments, t is 2.
  • n is 1-10. In some embodiments, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, n is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. In sonic embodiments, n is 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, n is 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, n is 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, n is 7 or 8. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4. In some embodiments, n is —S—. In some embodiments, n is 6. In some embodiments, n is 7. In some embodiments, n is 8. In some embodiments, n is 9. In some embodiments, n is 10.
  • t is 1-50. In some embodiments, t is 1. In some embodiments, t is 2-50. In some embodiments, t is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, t is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, t is 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, t is 5, 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, t is 6, 7 or 8. In some embodiments, t is 7 or 8. In some embodiments, t is 2. In some embodiments, t is 3, in some embodiments, t is 4. In some embodiments, t is —S—. In some embodiments, t is 6. In some embodiments, t is 7. In some embodiments, t is 8. In some embodiments, t is 9.
  • t is 10. In some embodiments, t is 11, In some embodiments, t is 12. In some embodiments, t is 13. In some embodiments, t is 14. In some embodiments, tis 15. In some embodiments, tis 16, In some embodiments, t is 17. In some embodiments, t is 18. In some embodiments, t is 19. In some embodiments, t is 20. In some embodiments, t is 21. In some embodiments, t is 22. In some embodiments, t is 23. In sonic embodiments, t is 24. In some embodiments, t is 25. In some embodiments, t is greater than 25.
  • At least one of m and t is greater than 2. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 3. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 4. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 5. In some embodiments, at least one of m and tis greater than 6. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 7. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 8. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 9. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 10. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 11.
  • At least one of m and t is greater than 12. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 13. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 14. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 15. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 16. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 17. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 18. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 19. In some embodiments, at least one of in and t is greater than 20. In some embodiments, at least one of in and t is greater than 21.
  • At least one of m and t is greater than 22. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 23. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 24. In some embodiments, at least one of m and t is greater than 25.
  • each one of in and t is greater than 2. In some embodiments, each one of m and t is greater than 3, In some embodiments, each one of in and t is greater than 4. In some embodiments, each one of m and t is greater than 5. In some embodiments, each one of m and t is greater than 6. In some embodiments, each one of in and t is greater than 7. In some embodiments, each one of m and t is greater than 8. In some embodiments, each one of m and t is greater than 9. In some embodiments, each one of m and t is greater than 10. In some embodiments, each one of in and t is greater than 11. 1n some embodiments, each one of m and t is greater than 12.
  • each one of in and t is greater than 13. In some embodiments, each one of in and t is greater than 14. In some embodiments, each one of m and t is greater than 15. In some embodiments, each one of in and t is greater than 16. In some embodiments, each one of m and t is greater than 17. In some embodiments, each one of m and t is greater than 18. In some embodiments, each one of in and t is greater than 19. In some embodiments, each one of in and t is greater than 20.
  • the sum of m and t is greater than 3. In some embodiments, the sum of in and t is greater than 4. In some embodiments, the sum of m and t is greater than 5. In some embodiments, the sum of in and t is greater than 6. In some embodiments, the sum of m and t is greater than 7. In some embodiments, the sum of in and t is greater than 8. In some embodiments, the sum of in and t is greater than 9. In some embodiments, the sum of m and t is greater than 10. In some embodiments, the sum of in and t is greater than 11. In sonic embodiments, the sum of in and t is greater than 12. In some embodiments, the sum of in and t is greater than 13.
  • the sum of m and t is greater than 14. In some embodiments, the sum of in and tis greater than 15. In some embodiments, the sum of in and t is greater than 16. In some embodiments, the sum of m and t is greater than 17. In some embodiments, the sum of m and t is greater than 18. In some embodiments, the sum of m and t is greater than 19. In some embodiments, the sum of in and t is greater than 20. In some embodiments, the sum of in and t is greater than 21. In some embodiments, the sum of m and t is greater than 22. In some embodiments, the sum of m and t is greater than 23. In some embodiments, the sum of m and t is greater than 24. In some embodiments, the sum of m and t is greater than 25.
  • n is 1, and at least one of m and t is greater than 1. In some embodiments, n is 1 and each of m and t is independently greater than 1. In some embodiments, m>n and t>n. In some embodiments, (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t is (Sp) 2 Rp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Sp) 2 Rp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is SpRp(Sp) 2 .
  • (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Np)tRp(Sp)m. In some embodiments, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Np) 2 Rp(Sp)m. In some embodiments, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Rp) 2 Rp(Sp)m. In some embodiments, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Sp) 2 Rp(Sp)m. In some embodiments, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is RpSpRp(Sp)m. In some embodiments, (Np)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is SpRpRp(Sp)m.
  • (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is SpRpSpSp. In some embodiments, (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Sp) 2 Rp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Sp) 3 Rp(Sp) 3 . In some embodiments, (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Sp) 4 Rp(Sp) 4 . In some embodiments, (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Sp)tRp(Sp) 5 .
  • (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is SpRp(Sp) 5 . In some embodiments, (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Sp) 2 Rp(Sp) 5 . In some embodiments, (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Sp) 3 Rp(Sp) 5 . In some embodiments, (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Sp) 4 Rp(Sp) 5 . In some embodiments, (Sp)t(Rp)n(Sp)m is (Sp) 5 Rp(Sp) 5 .
  • (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t is (Sp) 2 Rp(Sp) 2 . In some embodiments, (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t is (Sp) 3 Rp(Sp) 3 . In some embodiments, (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t is (Sp) 4 Rp(Sp) 4 . In some embodiments, (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t is (Sp)mRp(Sp) 5 . In some embodiments, (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t is (Sp) 2 Rp(Sp) 5 .
  • (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t is (Sp) 3 Rp(Sp) 5 . In some embodiments, (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t is (Sp) 4 Rp(Sp) 5 . In some embodiments, (Sp)m(Rp)n(Sp)t is (Sp) 5 Rp(Sp) 5 .
  • the core region comprises at least one Rp internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises at least one Rp intemucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, a core region comprises at least one Rp phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises at least one Rp phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises only one Rp phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkage.
  • a core region motif comprises at least two Rp internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises at least two Rp internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises at least two Rp phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises at least three Rp internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises at least three Rp internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, the core region comprises at least three Rp phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises at least, three Rp phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 Rp internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 Rp internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a core region comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 Rp phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, the core region of a wing-core-wing motif comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 Rp phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues at each wing region are 2′-modified residues. In certain embodiments, a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues at each wing region are 2′-OR.-modified residues. In certain embodiments, a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues at each wing region are 2′-MOE-modified residues. In certain embodiments, a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues at each wing region are 2′-OMe-modified residues.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues in the core region are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside residues. In certain embodiments, a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif, wherein all internucleotidic linkages are phosphorothioate linkages. In certain embodiments, a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif, wherein all internucleotidic linkages are chiral phosphorothioate linkages.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues at each wing region are 2′-modified residues, the residues in the core region are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside residues, and all internucleotidic linkages in the core region are chiral phosphorothioate linkages.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues at each wing region are 2′-OR.-modified residues, the residues in the core region are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside residues, and all internucleotidic linkages in the core region are chiral phosphorothioate linkages.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues at each wing region are 2′-MOE-modified residues, the residues in the core region are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside residues, and all internucleotidic linkages in the core region are chiral phosphorothioate linkages.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues at each wing region are 2′-OMe-modified residues, the residues in the core region are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside residues, and all internucleotidic linkages in the core region are chiral phosphorothioate linkages.
  • residues at the “X” wing region are not 2′-MOE-modified residues.
  • a wing-core motif is a motif wherein the residues at the “X” wing region are not 2′-MOE-modified residues.
  • a core-wing motif is a motif wherein the residues at the “X” wing region are not 2′-MOE-modified residues.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is a motif wherein the residues at each “X” wing region are not 2′-MOE-modified residues.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues at each “X” wing region are not 2′-MOE-modified residues. In certain embodiments, a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues in the core “Y” region are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside residues. In certain embodiments, a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif, wherein all internucleotidic linkages are phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif, wherein all internucleotidic linkages are chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a wing-core-wing motif is a 5-10-5 motif wherein the residues at each “X” wing region are not 2′-MOE-modified residues, the residues in the core “Y” region are 2′-deoxyribonucleoside, and all internucleotidic linkages are chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a chiral, modified phosphate linkage is a chiral phosphorothioate linkage, i.e., phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkage.
  • a core region comprises at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • all chiral, modified phosphate linkages are chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • At least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 10% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 20% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 30% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation.
  • At least about 40% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 50% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 60% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 70% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation.
  • At least about 80% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 95% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Sp conformation.
  • At least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 10% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 20% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 30% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation.
  • At least about 40% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 50% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 60% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 70% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation.
  • At least about 80% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, at least about 95% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation.
  • less than about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 10% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 20% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 30% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation.
  • less than about 40% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 50% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 60% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 70% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation.
  • less than about 80% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 90% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, less than about 95% chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages of a core region are of the Rp conformation. In some embodiments, a core region has only one Rp chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • a core region has only one Rp chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages, wherein all internucleotide linkages are chiral phosphorothioate internucleotidic linkages.
  • provided oligonucleotides and compositions can target a great number of nucleic acid polymers.
  • provided oligonucleotides and compositions may target a transcript of a nucleic acid sequence, wherein a common base sequence of oligonucleotides (e.g., a base sequence of an oligonucleotide type) comprises or is a sequence complementary to a sequence of the transcript.
  • a common base sequence comprises a sequence complimentary to a sequence of a target.
  • a common base sequence is a sequence complimentary to a sequence of a target.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence 100% complimentary to a sequence of a target. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises a sequence 100% complimentary to a sequence of a target. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a sequence 100% complimentary to a sequence of a target. In some embodiments, a common base sequence in a core comprises or is a sequence complimentary to a sequence of a target. In some embodiments, a common base sequence in a core comprises a sequence complimentary to a sequence of a target. In some embodiments, a common base sequence in a core is a sequence % complimentary to a sequence of a target.
  • a common base sequence in a core comprises or is a sequence 100% complimentary to a sequence of a target. In some embodiments, a common base sequence in a core comprises a sequence 100% complimentary to a sequence of a target. In some embodiments, a common base sequence in a core is a sequence 100% complimentary to a sequence of a target.
  • provided oligonucleotides and compositions may provide new cleavage patterns, higher cleavage rate, higher cleavage degree, higher cleavage selectivity, etc.
  • provided compositions can selectively suppress (e.g., cleave) a transcript from a target nucleic acid sequence which has one or more similar sequences exist within a subject or a population, each of the target and its similar sequences contains a specific nucleotidic characteristic sequence element that defines the target sequence relative to the similar sequences.
  • a target sequence is a wild-type allele or copy of a gene
  • a similar sequence is a sequence has very similar base sequence, e.g.
  • a characteristic sequence element defines that target sequence relative to the similar sequence: for example, when a target sequence is a Huntington's disease-causing allele with T at rs362307 (U in the corresponding RNA; C for the non-disease-causing allele), a characteristic sequence comprises this SNP.
  • a similar sequence has greater than 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence homology with a target sequence.
  • a target sequence is a disease-causing copy of a nucleic acid sequence comprising one or more mutations and/or SNPs, and a similar sequence is a copy not causing the disease (wild type).
  • a target sequence comprises a mutation, wherein a similar sequence is the corresponding wild-type sequence.
  • a target sequence is a mutant allele, while a similar sequence is a wild-type allele.
  • a target sequence comprises an SNP that is associated with a disease-causing allele, while a similar sequence comprises the same SNP that is not associates with the disease-causing allele.
  • the region of a target sequence that is complementary to a common base sequence of a provided oligonucleotide composition has greater than 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence homology with the corresponding region of a similar sequence.
  • the region of a target sequence that is complementary to a common base sequence of a provided oligonucleotide composition differs from the corresponding region of a similar sequence at less than 5, less than 4, less than 3, less than 2, or only 1 base pairs. In some embodiments, the region of a target sequence that is complementary to a common base sequence of a provided oligonucleotide composition differs from the corresponding region of a similar sequence only at a mutation site or SNP site. In some embodiments, the region of a target sequence that is complementary to a common base sequence of a provided oligonucleotide composition differs from the corresponding region of a similar sequence only at a mutation site. In some embodiments, the region of a target sequence that is complementary to a common base sequence of a provided oligonucleotide composition differs from the corresponding region of a similar sequence only at an SNP site.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to a characteristic sequence element. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises a sequence complementary to a characteristic sequence element. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a sequence complementary to a characteristic sequence element. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence 100% complementary to a characteristic sequence element. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises a sequence 100% complementary to a characteristic sequence element. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a sequence 100% complementary to a characteristic sequence element. In some embodiments, a common base sequence in a core comprises or is a sequence complementary to a characteristic sequence element.
  • a common base sequence in a core comprises a sequence complementary to a characteristic sequence element. In some embodiments, a common base sequence in a core is a sequence complementary to a characteristic sequence element. In some embodiments, a common base sequence in a core comprises or is a sequence 100% complementary to a characteristic sequence element. In some embodiments, a common base sequence in a core comprises a sequence 100% complementary to a characteristic sequence element. In some embodiments, a common base sequence in a core is a sequence 100% complementary to a characteristic sequence element.
  • a characteristic sequence element comprises or is a mutation. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element comprises a mutation. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element is a mutation. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element comprises or is a point mutation. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element comprises a point mutation. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element is a point mutation. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element comprises or is an SNP. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element comprises an SNP. In some embodiments, a characteristic sequence element is an SNP.
  • a common base sequence 100% matches a target sequence, which it does not 100% match a similar sequence of the target sequence.
  • a common base sequence matches a mutation in the disease-causing copy or allele of a target nucleic acid sequence, but does not match a non-disease-causing copy or allele at the mutation site; in some other embodiments, a common base sequence matches an SNP in the disease-causing allele of a target nucleic acid sequence, but does not match a non-disease-causing allele at the corresponding site.
  • a common base sequence in a core 100% matches a target sequence, which it does not 100% match a similar sequence of the target sequence. For example, in WV-1092, its common base sequence (and its common base sequence in its core) matches the disease-causing U, but not the non-disease causing (wild-type) C at rs362307.
  • a base sequence may have impact on oligonucleotide properties.
  • a base sequence may have impact on cleavage pattern of a target when oligonucleotides having the base sequence are utilized for suppressing a target, e.g., through a pathway involving RNase H: for example, FIG. 33 demonstrates that structurally similar (all phosphorothioate linkages, all stereorandom) oligonucleotides have different sequences may have different cleavage patterns.
  • a common base sequence of a non-stereorandom oligonucleotide compositions is a base sequence that when applied to a DNA oligonucleotide composition (e.g., ONT-415) or a stereorandom all-phosphorothioate oligonucleotide composition (e.g., WV-905), cleavage pattern of the DNA (DNA cleavage pattern) and/or the stereorandom all-phosphorothioate (stereorandom cleavage pattern) composition has a cleavage site within or in the vicinity of a characteristic sequence element.
  • a DNA oligonucleotide composition e.g., ONT-415
  • a stereorandom all-phosphorothioate oligonucleotide composition e.g., WV-905
  • a cleavage site within or in the vicinity is within a sequence complementary to a core region of a common sequence. In some embodiments, a cleavage site within or in the vicinity is within a sequence 100% complementary to a core region of a common sequence.
  • a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site within or in the vicinity of a characteristic sequence element in its DNA cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site within a characteristic sequence element in its DNA cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of a characteristic sequence element in its DNA cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of a mutation or SNP of a characteristic sequence element in its DNA cleavage pattern.
  • a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of a mutation in its DNA cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of an SNP in its DNA cleavage pattern.
  • a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site within or in the vicinity of a characteristic sequence element in its stereorandom cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site within a characteristic sequence element in its stereorandom cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of a characteristic sequence element in its stereorandom cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of a mutation or SNP of a characteristic sequence element in its stereorandom cleavage pattern.
  • a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of a mutation in its stereorandom cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of an SNP in its stereorandom cleavage pattern.
  • a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of a mutation of a characteristic sequence element in its DNA and/or stereorandom cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of a mutation in its DNA and/or stereorandom cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of a mutation in its DNA cleavage pattern.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity of a mutation is at a mutation, i.e., a cleavage site is at the internucleotidic linkage of a mutated nucleotide (e.g., if a mutation is at A in the target sequence of GGG A CGTCTT, the cleavage is between A and C).
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 internucleotidic linkages away from a mutation, where 0 means cleavage at the mutation site (e.g., if a mutation is at A in the target sequence of GGG A CGTCTT, the cleavage is between A and C for 0 internucleotidic linkage away; a cleavage site 1 internucleotidic linkage away from the mutation is between G and A to the 5′ from the mutation or between C and G to the 3′ from the mutation).
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away from a mutation.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 internucleotidic linkages away from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from a mutation.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, or 3 internucleotidic linkages away from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, or 3 internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, or 3 internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from a mutation.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, or 2 internucleotidic linkages away from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, or 2 internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, or 2 internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0 or 1 internucleotidic linkage away from a mutation.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0 or 1 internucleotidic linkage away to the 5′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0 or 1 internucleotidic linkage away to the 3′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0 internucleotidic linkage away from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site one internucleotidic linkage away from a mutation.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site one internucleotidic linkage away to the 5′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site one internucleotidic linkage away to the 3′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site two internucleotidic linkages away from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site two internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from a mutation.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site two internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site three internucleotidic linkages away from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site three internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site three internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from a mutation.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site four internucleotidic linkages away from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site four internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site four internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site five internucleotidic linkages away from a mutation.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site five internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from a mutation. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site five internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from a mutation.
  • a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of an SNP of a characteristic sequence element in its DNA and/or stereorandom cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of an SNP in its DNA and/or stereorandom cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is a base sequence that has a cleavage site in the vicinity of an SNP in its DNA cleavage pattern.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity of an SNP is at an SNP, i.e., a cleavage site is at the internucleotidic linkage of a nucleotide at an SNP (e.g., for the target of WV-905, G*G*C*A*C*A*A*G*G*G*C*A*C*A*G*A*C*T*T*C, which comprises rUrUrUrGrGrArArGrUrCrUrGrU rGrG rCrCrUrUrGrUrGrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrC (rs362307 bolded), the cleavage is between the bolded rU and the underlined r
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Or 10 internucleotidic linkages away from an SNP, where 0 means cleavage at an SNP (e.g., for the target of WV-905, G*G*C*A*C*A*A*G*G*G*C*A*C*A*G*A*C*T*T*C, which comprises rUrUrUrGrGrArArGrUrCrUrGrU rG rG rCrCrCrUrUrGrUrGrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrCrC (rs362307 bolded), the cleavage is between the bolded rU and the underlined rG immediately after it for 0 internucleotidic linkage away
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away from an SNP.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 internucleotidic linkages away from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from an SNP.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, or 3 internucleotidic linkages away from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, or 3 internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, 2, or 3 internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from an SNP.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, or 2 internucleotidic linkages away from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, or 2 internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0, 1, or 2 internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0 or 1 internucleotidic linkage away from an SNP.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0 or 1 internucleotidic linkage away to the 5′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0 or 1 internucleotidic linkage away to the 3′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site 0 internucleotidic linkage away from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site one internucleotidic linkage away from an SNP.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site one internucleotidic linkage away to the 5′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site one internucleotidic linkage away to the 3′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site two internucleotidic linkages away from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site two internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from an SNP.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site two internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site three internucleotidic linkages away from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site three internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site three internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from an SNP.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site four internucleotidic linkages away from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site four internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site four internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site five internucleotidic linkages away from an SNP.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site five internucleotidic linkages away to the 5′ from an SNP. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity is a cleavage site five internucleotidic linkages away to the 3′ from an SNP. For example, FIG.
  • a cleavage site within or in the vicinity of a characteristic sequence element is a major cleavage site of a DNA and/or stereorandom cleavage pattern.
  • a cleavage site within or in the vicinity of a characteristic sequence element is a major cleavage site of a DNA cleavage pattern.
  • a cleavage site within or in the vicinity of a characteristic sequence element is a major cleavage site of a stereorandom cleavage pattern.
  • a cleavage site in the vicinity of a mutation is a major cleavage site of a DNA cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity of a mutation is a major cleavage site of a stereorandom cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity of an SNP is a major cleavage site of a DNA cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a cleavage site in the vicinity of an SNP is a major cleavage site of a stereorandom cleavage pattern. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is within a sequence complementary to a core region of a common sequence. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is within a sequence 100% complementary to a core region of a common sequence.
  • a major cleavage site is a site having the most, or the second, third, fourth or fifth most cleavage. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site having the most, or the second, third, or fourth most cleavage. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site having the most, or the second, or third most cleavage. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site having the most or the second most cleavage. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site having the most cleavage. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site having the second most cleavage.
  • a major cleavage site is a site having the third most cleavage. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site having the fourth most cleavage. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site having the fifth most cleavage.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% of cleavage occurs.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 5% of cleavage occurs.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 10% of cleavage occurs.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 15% of cleavage occurs.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 20% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 25% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 30% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 35% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 40% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 45% of cleavage occurs.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 50% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 55% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 60% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 65% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 70% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 75% of cleavage occurs.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 80% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 85% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 90% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 91% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 92% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 93% of cleavage occurs.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 94% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 95% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 96% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 97% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 98% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 99% of cleavage occurs. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein 100% of cleavage occurs.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% of a target is cleaved.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 5% of a target is cleaved.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 10% of a target is cleaved.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 15% of a target is cleaved.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 20% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 25% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 30% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 35% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 40% of a target is cleaved.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 45% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 50% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 55% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 60% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 65% of a target is cleaved.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 70% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 75% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 80% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 85% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 90% of a target is cleaved.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 91% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 92% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 93% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 94% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 95% of a target is cleaved.
  • a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 96% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 97% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 98% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein greater than 99% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a major cleavage site is a site wherein 100% of a target is cleaved. In some embodiments, a cleavage pattern may not have a major cleavage site as no site reaches an abosulte cleavage threshold level.
  • provided oligonucleotide compositions and methods have various uses as known by a person having ordinary skill in the art. Methods for assessing provided compoistions, and properties and uses thereof, are also widely known and practiced by a person having ordinary skill in the art. Example properties, uses, and/or methods include but are not limited to those described in WO/2014/012081 and WO/2015/107425.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to a nucleic acid sequence. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence 100% complementary to a nucleic acid sequence. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to a disease-causing nucleic acid sequence. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence 100% complementary to a disease-causing nucleic acid sequence. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to a characteristic sequence element of disease-causing nucleic acid sequence, which characteristic sequences differentiate a disease-causing nucleic acid sequence from a non-disease-causing nucleic acid sequence.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence 100% complementary to a characteristic sequence element of disease-causing nucleic acid sequence, which characteristic sequences differentiate a disease-causing nucleic acid sequence from a non-disease-causing nucleic acid sequence.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to a disease-associated nucleic acid sequence.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence 100% complementary to a disease-associated nucleic acid sequence.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to a characteristic sequence element of disease-associated nucleic acid sequence, which characteristic sequences differentiate a disease-associated nucleic acid sequence from a non-disease-associated nucleic acid sequence.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence 100% complementary to a characteristic sequence element of disease-associated nucleic acid sequence, which characteristic sequences differentiate a disease-associated nucleic acid sequence from a non-disease-associated nucleic acid sequence.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to a gene. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence 100% complementary to a gene. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to a characteristic sequence element of a gene, which characteristic sequences differentiate the gene from a similar sequence sharing homology with the gene. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence 100% complementary to a characteristic sequence element of a gene, which characteristic sequences differentiate the gene from a similar sequence sharing homology with the gene. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to characteristic sequence element of a target gene, which characteristic sequences comprises a mutation that is not found in other copies of the gene, e.g.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence 100% complementary to characteristic sequence element of a target gene, which characteristic sequences comprises a mutation that is not found in other copies of the gene, e.g., the wild-type copy of the gene, another mutant copy the gene, etc.
  • a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to a sequence comprising an SNP. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises or is a sequence complementary to a sequence comprising an SNP, and the common base sequence is 100% complementary to the SNP that is associated with a disease. For example, in some embodiments, a common base sequence is 100% complementary to an SNP associated with a Huntington's disease-associated (or -causing) allele. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is that of WV-1092, which is 100% complementary to the disease-causing allele in many Huntington's disease patients at rs362307. In some embodiments, an SNP is rs362307. In some embodiments, an SNP is rs7685686. In some embodiments, an SNP is rs362268. In some embodiments, an SNP is rs362306. In some embodiments, other example SNP site may be any of the Huntingtin site disclosed in the present disclosure.
  • a common base sequence comprises a sequence found in GCCTCAGTCTGCTTCGCACC. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises a sequence found in GCCTCAGTCTGCTTCGCACC, wherein the sequence found in GCCTCAGTCTGCTTCGCACC comprises at least 15 nucleotides. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GCCTCAGTCTGCTTCGCACC.
  • a common base sequence comprises a sequence found in GAGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises a sequence found in GAGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAA, wherein the sequence found in GAGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAA comprises at least 15 nucleotides. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GAGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GGGCACAAGGGCACAGACTT. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GAGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GCACAAGGGCACAGACTTCC. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is CACAAGGGCACAGACTTCCA.
  • a common base sequence is ACAAGGGCACAGACTTCCAA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is CAAGGGCACAGACTTCCAAA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises a sequence found in GAGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises a sequence found in GAGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAA, wherein the sequence found in GAGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAA comprises at least 15 nucleotides. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GAGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GAGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is AGCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAAC.
  • a common base sequence is GCAGCTGCAACCTGGCAACA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is CAGCTGCAACCTGGCAACAA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is AGCTGCAACCTGGCAACAAC. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GCTGCAACCTGGCAACAACC. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises a sequence found in GGGCCAACAGCCAGCCTGCA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises a sequence found in GGGCCAACAGCCAGCCTGCA, wherein the sequence found in GGGCCAACAGCCAGCCTGCAcomprises at least 15 nucleotides.
  • a common base sequence is GGGCCAACAGCCAGCCTGCA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GGGCCAACAGCCAGCCTGCA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GGCCAACAGCCAGCCTGCAG. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is GCCAACAGCCAGCCTGCAGG. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is CCAACAGCCAGCCTGCAGGA. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is CAACAGCCAGCCTGCAGGAG. In some embodiments, a common base sequence is AACAGCCAGCCTGCAGGAGG. In some embodiments, a common base sequence comprises a sequence found in ATTAATAAATTGTCATCACC.
  • a common base sequence comprises a sequence found in ATTAATAAATTGTCATCACC, wherein the sequence found in ATTAATAAATTGTCATCACC comprises at least 15 nucleotides.
  • a common base sequence is ATTAATAAATTGTCATCACC.
  • a common base sequence is ATTAATAAATTGTCATCACC.
  • a chiral internucleotidic linkage has the structure of formula I. In some embodiments, a chiral internucleotidic linkage is phosphorothioate. In some embodiments, each chiral internucleotidic linkage in a single oligonucleotide of a provided composition independently has the structure of formula I. In some embodiments, each chiral internucleotidic linkage in a single oligonucleotide of a provided composition is a phosphorothioate.
  • oligonucleotides of the present disclosure comprise one or more modified sugar moieties. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides of the present disclosure comprise one or more modified base moieties. As known by a person of ordinary skill in the art and described in the disclosure, various modifications can be introduced to a sugar and/or moiety. For example, in some embodiments, a modification is a modification described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,006,198, WO2014/012081 and WO/2015/107425, the sugar and base modifications of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a sugar modification is a 2′-modification.
  • Commonly used 2′-modifications include but are not limited to 2′-OR 1 , wherein R 1 is not hydrogen.
  • a modification is 2′-OR, wherein R is optionally substituted aliphatic.
  • a modification is 2′-OMe.
  • a modification is 2′-MOE.
  • the present disclosure demonstrates that inclusion and/or location of particular chirally pure internucleotidic linkages can provide stability improvements comparable to or better than those achieved through use of modified backbone linkages, bases, and/or sugars.
  • a provided single oligonucleotide of a provided composition has no modifications on the sugars. In some embodiments, a provided single oligonucleotide of a provided composition has no modifications on 2′-positions of the sugars (i.e., the two groups at the 2′-position are either —H/—H or —H/—OH). In some embodiments, a provided single oligonucleotide of a provided composition does not have any 2′-MOE modifications.
  • a 2′-modification is —O-L or -L—which connects the 2′-carbon of a sugar moiety to another carbon of a sugar moiety.
  • a 2′-modification is —O-L- or -L- which connects the 2′-carbon of a sugar moiety to the 4′-carbon of a sugar moiety.
  • a 2′-modification is S-cEt.
  • a modified sugar moiety is an LNA moiety.
  • a 2′-modification is —F. In some embodiments, a 2′-modification is FANA. In some embodiments, a 2′-modification is FRNA.
  • a sugar modification is a 5′-modification, e.g., R-5′-Me, S-5′-Me, etc.
  • a sugar modification changes the size of the sugar ring.
  • a sugar modification is the sugar moiety in FHNA.
  • a sugar modification replaces a sugar moiety with another cyclic or acyclic moiety.
  • Example such moieties are widely known in the art, including but not limited to those used in morpholio (optionally with its phosphorodiamidate linkage), glycol nucleic acids, etc.
  • a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 25% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration. In some embodiments, a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 30% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration. In some embodiments, a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 35% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration. In some embodiments, a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 40% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration.
  • a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 45% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration. In some embodiments, a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 50% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration. In some embodiments, a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 55% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration. In some embodiments, a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 60% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration.
  • a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 65% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration. In some embodiments, a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 70% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration. In some embodiments, a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 75% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration. In some embodiments, a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 80% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration.
  • a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 85% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration. In some embodiments, a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition has at least about 90% of its internucleotidic linkages in Sp configuration.
  • oligonucleotides in a provided composition is not an oligonucleotide selected from : T k T k m C k AGT m CATGA m CT k T m C k m C k , wherein each nucleoside followed by a subscript ‘k’ indicates a (S)-cEt modification, R is Rp phosphorothioate linkage, S is Sp phosphorothioate linkage, each m C is a 5-methylcytosine modified nucleoside, and all internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioates (PS) with stereochemistry patterns selected from RSSSRSRRRS, RSSSSSSSSS, SRRSRSSSSR, SRSRSSRSSR, RRRSSSRSSS, RRRSRSSRSR, RRSSSRSRSR, SRSSSRSSSS, SSRRSSRSRS, SSSSSSRRSS, RRRSSRRRSR, RRRRSSSSRS, SRRSRRRRRRRR,
  • a single oligonucleotide in a provided composition is not an oligonucleotide selected from : T k T k m C k AGT m CATGA m CTT k m C k m C k , wherein each nucleoside followed by a subscript ‘k’ indicates a (S)-cEt modification, R is Rp phosphorothioate linkage, S is Sp phosphorothioate linkage, each m C is a 5-methylcytosine modified nucleoside and all core internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioates (PS) with stereochemistry patterns selected from: RSSSRSRRRS, RSSSSSSSSS, SRRSRSSSSR, SRSRSSRSSR, RRRSSSRSSS, RRRSRSSRSR, RRSSSRSRSR, SRSSSRSSSS, SSRRSSRSRS, SSSSRRSS, RRRSSRRRSR, RRRRSSSSRS, , RRRRSS
  • the present disclosure provides chirally controlled oligonucleotides, and chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions which are of high crude purity and of high diastereomeric purity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides chirally controlled oligonucleotides, and chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions which are of high crude purity. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides chirally controlled oligonucleotides, and chirally controlled oligonucleotide compositions which are of high diastereomeric purity.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide composition is a substantially pure preparation of an oligonucleotide type in that oligonucleotides in the composition that are not of the oligonucleotide type are impurities form the preparation process of said oligonucleotide type, in some case, after certain purification procedures.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotides comprising one or more diastereomerically pure internucleotidic linkages with respect to the chiral linkage phosphorus. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides oligonucleotides comprising one or more diastereomerically pure internucleotidic linkages having the structure of formula I. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides oligonucleotides comprising one or more diastereomerically pure internucleotidic linkages with respect to the chiral linkage phosphorus, and one or more phosphate diester linkages.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotides comprising one or more diastereomerically pure internucleotidic linkages having the structure of formula I, and one or more phosphate diester linkages. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides oligonucleotides comprising one or more diastereomerically pure internucleotidic linkages having the structure of formula I-c, and one or more phosphate diester linkages. In some embodiments, such oligonucleotides are prepared by using stereoselective oligonucleotide synthesis, as described in this application, to form pre-designed diastereomerically pure internucleotidic linkages with respect to the chiral linkage phosphorus.
  • Example internucleotidic linkages, including those having structures of formula I, are further described below.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide, wherein at least two of the individual internucleotidic linkages within the oligonucleotide have different stereochemistry and/or different P-modifications relative to one another. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide, wherein at least two individual internucleotidic linkages within the oligonucleotide have different P-modifications relative to one another.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide, wherein at least two of the individual internucleotidic linkages within the oligonucleotide have different P-modifications relative to one another, and wherein the chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide, wherein at least two of the individual internucleotidic linkages within the oligonucleotide have different P-modifications relative to one another, and wherein the chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage and at least one phosphorothioate diester internucleotidic linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide, wherein at least two of the individual internucleotidic linkages within the oligonucleotide have different P-modifications relative to one another, and wherein the chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphorothioate triester internucleotidic linkage.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide, wherein at least two of the individual internucleotidic linkages within the oligonucleotide have different P-modifications relative to one another, and wherein the chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage and at least one phosphorothioate triester internucleotidic linkage.
  • a modified internucleotidic linkages has the structure of formula I:
  • a linkage of formula I is chiral.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprising one or more modified internucleotidic linkages of formula I.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprising one or more modified internucleotidic linkages of formula I, and wherein individual internucleotidic linkages of formula I within the oligonucleotide have different P-modifications relative to one another.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprising one or more modified internucleotidic linkages of formula I, and wherein individual internucleotidic linkages of formula I within the oligonucleotide have different relative to one another. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprising one or more modified internucleotidic linkages of formula I, and wherein individual internucleotidic linkages of formula I within the oligonucleotide have different X relative to one another.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprising one or more modified internucleotidic linkages of formula I, and wherein individual internucleotidic linkages of formula I within the oligonucleotide have different -L-R 1 relative to one another.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is an oligonucleotide in a provided composition that is of the particular oligonucleotide type.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is an oligonucleotide in a provided composition that has the common base sequence and length, the common pattern of backbone linkages, and the common pattern of backbone chiral centers.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide, wherein at least two of the individual internucleotidic linkages within the oligonucleotide have different stereochemistry and/or different P-modifications relative to one another. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide, wherein at least two of the individual internucleotidic linkages within the oligonucleotide have different stereochemistry relative to one another, and wherein at least a portion of the structure of the chirally controlled oligonucleotide is characterized by a repeating pattern of alternating stereochemisty.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide, wherein at least two of the individual internucleotidic linkages within the oligonucleotide have different P-modifications relative to one another, in that they have different X atoms in their -XLR 1 moieties, and/or in that they have different L groups in their -XLR 1 moieties, and/or that they have different le atoms in their -XLR 1 moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides a chirally controlled oligonucleotide, wherein at least two of the individual internucleotidic linkages within the oligonucleotide have different stereochemistry and/or different P-modifications relative to one another and the oligonucleotide has a structure represented by the following formula:
  • each n has the same value; in some embodiments, each even n has the same value as each other even n; in some embodiments, each odd n has the same value each other odd n; in some embodiments, at least two even ns have different values from one another; in some embodiments, at least two odd ns have different values from one another.
  • a provided oligonucleotide includes adjacent blocks of S stereochemistry linkages and R stereochemistry linkages of equal lengths.
  • provided oligonucleotides include repeating blocks of S and R stereochemistry linkages of equal lengths.
  • provided oligonucleotides include repeating blocks of S and R stereochemistry linkages, where at least two such blocks are of different lengths from one another; in some such embodiments each S stereochemistry block is of the same length, and is of a different length from each R stereochemistry length, which may optionally be of the same length as one another.
  • At least two skip-adjacent ns are equal to one another, so that a provided oligonucleotide includes at least two blocks of linkages of a first steroechemistry that are equal in length to one another and are separated by a block of linkages of the other stereochemistry, which separating block may be of the same length or a different length from the blocks of first steroechemistry.
  • ns associated with linkage blocks at the ends of a provided oligonucleotide are of the same length.
  • provided oligonucleotides have terminal blocks of the same linkage stereochemistry. In some such embodiments, the terminal blocks are separated from one another by a middle block of the other linkage stereochemistry.
  • a provided oligonucleotide of formula [S B n1R B n2S B n3R B n4 . . . S B nxR B ny] is a stereoblockmer.
  • a provided oligonucleotide of formula [S B n1R B n2S B n3R B n4 . . . S B nxR B ny] is a stereoskipmer.
  • a provided oligonucleotide of formula [S B n1R B n2S B n3R B n4 . . . S B nxR B ny] is a stereoaltmer.
  • a provided oligonucleotide of formula [S B n1R B n2S B n3R B n4 . . . S B nxR B ny] is a gapmer.
  • a provided oligonucleotide of formula [S B n1R B n2S B n3R B n4 . . . S B nxR B ny] is of any of the above described patterns and further comprises patterns of P-modifications.
  • a provided oligonucleotide of formula [S B n1R B n2S B n3R B n4 . . . S B nxR B ny] is a stereoskipmer and P-modification skipmer.
  • a provided oligonucleotide of formula [S B n1R B n2S B n3R B n4 . . . S B nxR B ny] is a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprising one or more modified internuceotidic linkages independently having the structure of formula I:
  • L is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted, linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkylene, wherein one or more methylene units of L are optionally and independently replaced by an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, C 1 -C 6 alkenylene, —C ⁇ C—, —C(R′) 2 —, -Cy-, —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —N(R′)—, —C(O)O—, —C(S)—, —C(NR′)—, —C(O)O—N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)—N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)—, —N(R′)C(O)O—, —OC(O)—N(R′)—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —S(O) 2 —, —
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises one or more modified internucleotidic phosphorus linkages. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises, e.g., a phosphorothioate or a phosphorothioate triester linkage. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises a phosphorothioate triester linkage. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least two phosphorothioate triester linkages.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least three phosphorothioate triester linkages. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least four phosphorothioate triester linkages. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least five phosphorothioate triester linkages. Example such modified internucleotidic phosphorus linkages are described further herein.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises different internucleotidic phosphorus linkages. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage and at least one modified internucleotidic linkage. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage and at least one phosphorothioate triester linkage.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage and at least two phosphorothioate triester linkages. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage and at least three phosphorothioate triester linkages. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage and at least four phosphorothioate triester linkages.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage and at least five phosphorothioate triester linkages.
  • Example such modified internucleotidic phosphorus linkages are described further herein.
  • a phosphorothioate triester linkage comprises a chiral auxiliary, which, for example, is used to control the stereoselectivity of a reaction. In some embodiments, a phosphorothioate triester linkage does not comprise a chiral auxiliary. In some embodiments, a phosphorothioate triester linkage is intentionally maintained until and/or during the administration to a subject.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is linked to a solid support. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is cleaved from a solid support.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage and at least two consecutive modified internucleotidic linkages. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide comprises at least one phosphate diester internucleotidic linkage and at least two consecutive phosphorothioate triester internucleotidic linkages.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a blockmer. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a stereoblockmer. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a P-modification blockmer. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a linkage blockmer.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is an altmer. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a stereoaltmer. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a P-modification altmer. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a linkage altmer.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a unimer. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a stereounimer. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a P-modification unimer. In some embodiments, a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a linkage unimer.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a gapmer.
  • a chirally controlled oligonucleotide is a skipmer.
  • the present disclosure provides oligonucleotides comprising one or more modified internucleotidic linkages independently having the structure of formula I:
  • L is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted, linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkylene, wherein one or more methylene units of L are optionally and independently replaced by an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, C 1 -C 6 alkenylene, —C ⁇ C—, —C(R′) 2 , -Cy-, —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —N(R′)—, —C(O)O—, —C(S)—, —C(NR′)—, C(O)—N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)—N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)—, —N(R′)C(O)O—, —OC(O)—N(R′)—, —S(O)—, ——S(O) 2 —, —S(O) 2 —N(N(S(
  • P* is an asymmetric phosphorus atom and is either Rp or Sp. In some embodiments, P* is Rp. In other embodiments, P* is Sp. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises one or more internucleotidic linkages of formula I wherein each P* is independently Rp or Sp. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises one or more internucleotidic linkages of formula I wherein each P* is Rp. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises one or more internucleotidic linkages of formula I wherein each P* is Sp.
  • an oligonucleotide comprises at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein P* is Rp. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein P* is Sp. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein P* is Rp, and at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein P* is Sp.
  • W is O, —S—, or Se. In some embodiments, W is O. In some embodiments, W is S. In some embodiments, W is Se. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein W is O. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein W is S. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein W is Se.
  • each R is independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted group selected from C 1 -C 6 aliphatic, phenyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl.
  • R is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted group selected from C 1 -C 6 aliphatic, phenyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted, linear or branched hexyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted, linear or branched pentyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted, linear or branched butyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted, linear or branched propyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted ethyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted methyl.
  • R is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R is substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R is phenyl.
  • R is optionally substituted carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted C 3 -C 10 carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cycloheptyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted bicyclic carbocyclyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted aryl. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted bicyclic aryl ring.
  • R is an optionally substituted heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen. In some embodiments, R is a substituted 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R is an unsubstituted 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen.
  • R is an optionally substituted 5 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is an optionally substituted 5-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1 heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R is selected from pyrrolyl, furanyl, or thienyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In certain embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-nitrogen atom, and an additional heteroatom selected from sulfur or oxygen.
  • Example R groups include optionally substituted pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl or isoxazolyl.
  • R is a 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-3-nitrogen atoms. In other embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-2 -nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 2 -nitrogen atoms. In certain embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1-nitrogen.
  • Example R groups include optionally substituted pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or tetrazinyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is an optionally substituted 5,6-fused heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is an optionally substituted 5,6-fused heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is an optionally substituted 5,6-fused heteroaryl ring having 1 heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is an optionally substituted indolyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted 5,6-fused heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is an optionally substituted azaindolyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted benzimidazolyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted benzothiazolyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted benzoxazolyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted indazolyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted 5,6-fused heteroaryl ring having 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is an optionally substituted 6,6-fused heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 6,6fused heteroaryl ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In other embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 6,6fused heteroaryl ring having 1 heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted quinolinyl. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted isoquinolinyl. According to one aspect, R is an optionally substituted 6,6-fused heteroaryl ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R is a quinazoline or a quinoxaline.
  • R is an optionally substituted heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R is a substituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R is an unsubstituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is an optionally substituted heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 6 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 6 membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted 6 membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 2 oxygen atom.
  • R is a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, oxepaneyl, aziridineyl, azetidineyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azepanyl, thiiranyl, thietanyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, thiepanyl, dioxolanyl, oxathiolanyl, oxazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, dithiolanyl, dioxanyl, morpholinyl, oxathianyl, piperazinyl, thiomorpholinyl,
  • R is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered partially unsaturated monocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is an optionally substituted tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydrothiazolyl, dihydrooxazolyl, or oxazolinyl group.
  • R is an optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • R is an optionally substituted indolinyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted isoindolinyl.
  • R is an optionally substituted 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline.
  • R is an optionally substituted 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.
  • each R′ is independently R, —C(O)R, —CO 2 R, or —SO 2 R, or:
  • R′ is —R, —C(O)R, —CO 2 R, or —SO 2 R, wherein R is as defined above and described herein.
  • R′ is —R, wherein R is as defined and described above and herein. In some embodiments, R′ is hydrogen.
  • R′ is —C(O)R, wherein R is as defined above and described herein. In some embodiments, R′ is —CO 2 R, wherein R is as defined above and described herein. In some embodiments, R′ is —SO 2 R, wherein R is as defined above and described herein.
  • two R′ on the same nitrogen are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, two R′ on the same carbon are taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted aryl, carbocyclic, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl ring.
  • -Cy- is an optionally substituted bivalent ring selected from phenylene, carbocyclylene, arylene, heteroarylene, or heterocyclylene.
  • -Cy- is optionally substituted phenylene. In some embodiments, -Cy- is optionally substituted carbocyclylene. In some embodiments, -Cy- is optionally substituted arylene. In some embodiments, -Cy- is optionally substituted heteroarylene. In some embodiments, -Cy- is optionally substituted heterocyclylene.
  • each of X, Y and Z is independently —O—, —S—, —N(-L-R 1 )—, or L, wherein each of L and R 1 is independently as defined above and described below.
  • X is —O—. In some embodiments, X is —S—. In some embodiments, X is —O— or —S—. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein X is —O—. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein X is —S—. In some embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein X is —O—, and at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein X is —S—.
  • an oligonucleotide comprises at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein X is —O—, and at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein X is —S—, and at least one internucleotidic linkage of formula I wherein L is an optionally substituted, linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkylene, wherein one or more methylene units of L are optionally and independently replaced by an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, C 1 -C 6 alkenylene, —C ⁇ C—, —C(R′) 2 —, -Cy-, —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —N(R′)—, —C(O)—, —C(S)—, —C(NR′)—, —C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)—, —
  • X is —N(-L-R 1 )—. In some embodiments, X is —N(R 1 )—. In some embodiments, X is —N(R′)—. In some embodiments, X is —N(R)—. In some embodiments, X is —NH—.
  • X is L. In some embodiments, X is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, X is or an optionally substituted, linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkylene, wherein one or more methylene units of L are optionally and independently replaced by an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, C 1 -C 6 alkenylene, —C ⁇ C—, —C(R′) 2 —, -Cy- , —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —N(R′)—, —C(O)—, —C(S)—, —C(NR′)—, —C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)—, —N(R′)C(O)O—, —OC(O)N(R′)—, —S(O)—, ——S(O
  • Y is —O—. In some embodiments, Y is —S—.
  • Y is —N(-L-R 1 )—. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R 1 )—. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R′)—. In some embodiments, Y is —N(R)—. In some embodiments, Y is —NH—.
  • Y is L. In some embodiments, Y is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, Y is or an optionally substituted, linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkylene, wherein one or more methylene units of L are optionally and independently replaced by an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, C 1 -C 6 alkenylene, —C ⁇ C—, —C(R′) 2 —, -Cy- , —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —N(R′)—, —C(O)—, —C(S)—, —C(NR′)—, —C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)—, —N(R′)C(O)O—, —OC(O)N(R′)—, —S(O)—, ——S(O
  • Z is —O—. In some embodiments, Z is —S—.
  • Z is —N(-L-R 1 )—. In some embodiments, Z is —N(R 1 )—. In some embodiments, Z is —N(R′)—. In some embodiments, Z is —N(R)—. In some embodiments, Z is —NH—.
  • Z is L. In some embodiments, Z is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, Z is or an optionally substituted, linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkylene, wherein one or more methylene units of L are optionally and independently replaced by an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, C 1 -C 6 alkenylene, —C ⁇ C—, —C(R′) 2 —, -Cy-, —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —N(R′)—, —C(O)—, —C(S)—, —C(NR′)—, —C(O)—N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)—, —N(R′)C(O)O—, —OC(O)N(R′)—, —S(O)—, —S(O)—,
  • L is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted, linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkylene, wherein one or more methylene units of L are optionally and independently replaced by an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, C 1 -C 6 alkenylene, —C ⁇ C—, —C(R′) 2 —, -Cy-, —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —N(R′)—, —C(O)—, —C(S)—, —C(NR′)—, —C(O)—N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)—, —N(R′)C(O)O—, —OC(O)N(R′)—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —S(O) 2 N(R′)
  • L is a covalent bond.
  • L is an optionally substituted, linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkylene, wherein one or more methylene units of L are optionally and independently replaced by an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, C 1 -C 6 alkenylene, —C ⁇ C—, —C(R′) 2 —, -Cy- , —O—, —S—, —S—S—, —N(R′)—, —C(O)—, —C(S)—, —C(NR′)—, —C(O)—N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)—, —N(R′)C(O)O—, —OC(O)N(R′)—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —S(S(O) 2 —
  • L has the structure of -L 1 -V—, wherein: L 1 is an optionally substituted group selected from
  • V is selected from —O—, —S—, —NR′—, C(R′) 2 , —S—S—, —B—S—S—C—,
  • L 1 is N
  • L 1 is N
  • Ring Cy′ is an optionally substituted arylene, carbocyclylene, heteroarylene, or heterocyclylene.
  • L 1 is optionally substituted
  • L 1 is N
  • L 1 is connected to X. In some embodiments, L 1 is an optionally substituted group selected from
  • L 1 is an optionally substituted group selected from
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:
  • L has the structure of:

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