JP2022511055A - 筋ジストロフィーに対するエクソンスキッピングオリゴマーコンジュゲート - Google Patents
筋ジストロフィーに対するエクソンスキッピングオリゴマーコンジュゲート Download PDFInfo
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- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036417 physical growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002721 polycyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229950008679 protamine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003207 proteasome inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008109 sodium starch glycolate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079832 sodium starch glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003109 sodium starch glycolate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009870 specific binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N spermine Chemical compound NCCCNCCCCNCCCN PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940065721 systemic for obstructive airway disease xanthines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004797 therapeutic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001196 time-of-flight mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N tocofersolan Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005490 tosylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012762 unpaired Student’s t-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003519 ventilatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AFVLVVWMAFSXCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C#N)=CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 AFVLVVWMAFSXCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年12月13日に出願された米国仮出願第62/779,028号に対する優先権を主張する。上記の出願の教示全体は、参照によりそれらの全体が組み込まれる。
本明細書と同時に出願された電子的に提出された配列表(名称:8171_50_WO00_SL.txt、サイズ:10,080バイト、作成日:2019年11月6日)の内容は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
-C(O)(CH2)5NH-CPP、
-C(O)(CH2)2NH-CPP、
-C(O)(CH2)2NHC(O)(CH2)5NH-CPP、
-C(O)CH2NH-CPP、および以下の式:
-C(O)CH2NH-、および
-C(O)(CH2)5NH-CPP、
-C(O)(CH2)2NH-CPP、
-C(O)(CH2)2NHC(O)(CH2)5NH-CPP、
-C(O)CH2NH-CPP、および以下の式:
から選択される。いくつかの実施形態において、Raは、アセチルである。
各Nuは、一緒になって標的化配列を形成する核酸塩基であり、
Tは、
R100は、水素または細胞膜透過性ペプチドであり、
1~n個の各Nuは、5’から3’に、以下のうちの1つにおける核酸塩基に対応し、
特定の実施形態において、Zは、以下から選択され、
-C(O)(CH2)5NH-CPP、
-C(O)(CH2)2NH-CPP、
-C(O)(CH2)2NHC(O)(CH2)5NH-CPP、
-C(O)CH2NH-CPP、および以下の式:
-C(O)CH2NH-、および
-C(O)CH2NH-、および
-C(O)(CH2)5NH-CPP、
-C(O)(CH2)2NH-CPP、
-C(O)(CH2)2NHC(O)(CH2)5NH-CPP、
-C(O)CH2NH-CPP、および以下の式:
から選択される。いくつかの実施形態において、Raは、アセチルである。
本明細書で使用される場合、「アルキル」という用語は、別段の定めがない限り、飽和直鎖または分岐炭化水素を指す。ある特定の実施形態において、アルキル基は、第一級、第二級、または第三級炭化水素である。ある特定の実施形態において、アルキル基は、1~10個の炭素原子、すなわち、C1~C10アルキルを含む。ある特定の実施形態において、アルキル基は、1~6個の炭素原子、すなわち、C1~C6アルキルを含む。この用語は、ハロゲン化アルキル基を含む、置換アルキル基および非置換アルキル基の両方を含む。ある特定の実施形態において、アルキル基は、フッ素化アルキル基である。アルキル基が置換され得る部分の非限定的な例は、当業者に既知であるように、例えば、参照により本明細書に組み込まれるGreene,et al.,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,John Wiley and Sons,Second Edition,1991で教示されるように、保護されていないか、または必要に応じて保護されているかのいずれかの、ハロゲン(フルオロ、クロロ、ブロモ、もしくはヨード)、ヒドロキシル,アミノ、アルキルアミノ、アリールアミノ、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、ニトロ、シアノ、スルホン酸、硫酸塩、ホスホン酸、リン酸塩、またはホスホン酸塩からなる群から選択される。ある特定の実施形態において、アルキル基は、メチル、CF3、CCl3、CFCl2、CF2Cl、エチル、CH2CF3、CF2CF3、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、sec-ブチル、t-ブチル、ペンチル、イソペンチル、ネオペンチル、ヘキシル、イソヘキシル、3-メチルペンチル、2,2-ジメチルブチル、および2,3-ジメチルブチルからなる群から選択される。
-NH2に連結される。ある特定の実施形態において、「-G-R6(配列番号:11)」または「-G-R6-Ac(配列番号:11)」は、本開示のPMOアンチセンスオリゴマーの最も3’のモルホリノサブユニットのモルホリン環窒素にコンジュゲートされる。いくつかの実施形態において、「-G-R6(配列番号:11)」または「-G-R6-Ac(配列番号:11)」は、本開示のアンチセンスオリゴマーの3’末端にコンジュゲートされ、以下の式のものである。
H#A/D(x:y)
A.エクソン50スキッピングを誘導するように設計されたアンチセンスオリゴマー
ある特定の実施形態において、本開示のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、ジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン50、イントロン49、および/またはイントロン50標的領域に相補的であり、かつエクソン50スキッピングを誘導する。特に、本開示は、アニーリング部位として指定されるジストロフィンプレmRNAのエクソン50、イントロン49、および/またはイントロン50標的領域に相補的なアンチセンスオリゴマーに関する。いくつかの実施形態において、アニーリング部位は、H50D(+04-18)、H50D(+07-18)、H50D(+07-16)、H50D(+07-17)、H50A(-19+07)、H50D(+07-15)、H50A(-02+23)、H50D(+06-18)、またはH50D(+07-20)から選択される。いくつかの実施形態において、アニーリング部位は、H50D(+07-16)である。
本開示のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、様々なアンチセンスオリゴマー化学物質を用いることができる。オリゴマー化学物質の例としては、モルホリノオリゴマー、ホスホロチオエート修飾オリゴマー、2’-O-メチル修飾オリゴマー、ペプチド核酸(PNA)、ロックド核酸(LNA)、ホスホロチオエートオリゴマー、2’-O-MOE修飾オリゴマー、2’-フルオロ修飾オリゴマー、2’-O,4’C-エチレン架橋核酸(ENA)、トリシクロ-DNA、トリシクロ-DNAホスホロチオエートサブユニット、2’-O-[2-(N-メチルカルバモイル)エチル]修飾オリゴマー(上記のいずれかの組み合わせを含む)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。ホスホロチオエートと2’-O-Me修飾化学物質を組み合わせて、2’-O-Me-ホスホロチオエート骨格を生成することができる。例えば、PCT公開第WO/2013/112053号および同第WO/2009/008725号(これらは、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)を参照されたい。利用される化学物質によって許容される場合、配列番号:1~9のうちのいずれかにおける各Tは、ウラシルであり得る。利用される化学物質によって許容される場合、配列番号:1~9のうちのいずれかにおける関連する核酸塩基は、5-メチル基を含み得る。本開示のオリゴマー化学物質の例示的な実施形態が以下にさらに記載される。
ペプチド核酸(PNA)は、骨格がデオキシリボース骨格と構造的に同形であり、ピリミジンまたはプリン塩基が結合するN-(2-アミノエチル)グリシン単位からなる、DNAの類似体である。天然ピリミジンおよびプリン塩基を含有するPNAは、ワトソン-クリック塩基対合則に従い相補的なオリゴマーにハイブリダイズし、塩基対認識の点でDNAを模倣する。PNAの骨格は、ホスホジエステル結合というよりむしろペプチド結合によって形成され、アンチセンス用途によく適したものになる(以下の構造を参照)。骨格は非荷電性であり、通常を超える熱安定性を示すPNA/DNAまたはPNA/RNA二本鎖をもたらす。PNAは、ヌクレアーゼまたはプロテアーゼによって認識されない。PNAの非限定的な例が以下に示される。
アンチセンスオリゴマーはまた、「ロックド核酸」サブユニット(LNA)を含有し得る。「LNA」は、架橋核酸(BNA)と呼ばれる修飾のクラスのメンバーである。BNAは、リボース環の立体構造をC30-エンド(ノーザン)糖パッカーにロックする共有結合を特徴とする。LNAの場合、架橋は、2’-O位置と4’-C位置との間のメチレンから構成される。LNAは、骨格の事前組織化および塩基スタッキングを増強して、ハイブリダイゼーションおよび熱安定性を高める。
アンチセンスオリゴマーはまた、アンロックド核酸(UNA)サブユニットを含有し得る。UNAおよびUNAオリゴマーは、サブユニットのC2’-C3’結合が切断されているRNAの類似体である。LNAは、(DNAおよびRNAに対して)立体構造的に制限されるが、UNAは、非常に柔軟である。UNAは、例えば、WO2016/070166に開示されている。UNAの非限定的な例が以下に示される。
トリシクロ-DNA(tc-DNA)は、骨格の立体構造的柔軟性を制限し、かつねじれ角γの骨格形状を最適化するために、各ヌクレオチドがシクロプロパン環の導入によって修飾されている、拘束されたDNA類似体のクラスである。ホモ塩基アデニンおよびチミン含有tc-DNAは、相補的RNAと非常に安定したA-T塩基対を形成する。トリシクロ-DNAおよびその合成は、国際特許出願公開第WO2010/115993号に記載されており、これは、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。本開示のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、1つ以上のトリシクロ-DNAサブユニットを組み込み得る。場合によっては、アンチセンスオリゴマーは、トリシクロ-DNAサブユニットから完全に構成され得る。
「2’-O-Meオリゴマー」分子は、リボース分子の2’-OH残基にメチル基を有する。2’-O-Me-RNAは、DNAと同じ(または類似の)挙動を示すが、ヌクレアーゼ分解から保護される。2’-O-Me-RNAはまた、さらなる安定化のためにホスホロチオエートオリゴマー(PTO)と組み合わせることができる。2’O-Meオリゴマー(ホスホジエステルまたはホスホロチオエート)は、当該技術分野の常用技術に従って合成することができる(例えば、Yoo et al.,Nucleic Acids Res.32:2008-16,2004(これは、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)を参照)。2’O-Meオリゴマーの非限定的な例が以下に示される。
Rは、CH2CH2OCH3(メトキシエチルまたはMOE)であり、
X、Y、およびZは、それぞれ、指定された5’-ウィング、中央ギャップ、および3’-ウィングの各領域内に含有されるヌクレオチドの数を表す。
MCEは、本開示のアンチセンスオリゴマーで有用な2’-O修飾リボヌクレオシドの別の例である。ここで、2’-OHは、ヌクレアーゼ耐性を高めるために2-(N-メチルカルバモイル)エチル部分へと誘導体化される。MCEオリゴマーの非限定的な例が以下に示される。
立体特異的オリゴマーは、各リン含有連結の立体化学が、実質的に立体的に純粋なオリゴマーが産生されるような合成方法によって固定されるものである。立体特異的オリゴマーの非限定的な例が以下に示される。
本開示の例示的な実施形態は、以下の一般構造:
「テール」部分の遠位-OHまたは-NH2は、任意に細胞膜透過性ペプチドに連結される。
各Nuは、一緒になって標的化配列を形成する核酸塩基であり、
Tは、
R100は、水素または細胞膜透過性ペプチドであり、
1~n個の各Nuは、5’から3’に、以下のうちの1つにおける核酸塩基に対応し、
ある特定の実施形態において、本開示のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、RNA核酸塩基およびDNA核酸塩基(多くの場合、当該技術分野では単に「塩基」と称される)から構成される。RNA塩基は、アデニン(A)、ウラシル(U)、シトシン(C)、およびグアニン(G)として一般的に既知である。DNA塩基は、アデニン(A)、チミン(T)、シトシン(C)、およびグアニン(G)として一般的に既知である。様々な実施形態において、本開示のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、シトシン(C)、グアニン(G)、チミン(T)、アデニン(A)、5-メチルシトシン(5mC)、ウラシル(U)、およびヒポキサンチン(I)から構成される。
本明細書に記載されるアンチセンスオリゴマーのある特定の実施形態は、アミノまたはアルキルアミノなどの塩基性官能基を含有し得、ひいては薬学的に許容される酸と薬学的に許容される塩を形成することができる。この点における「薬学的に許容される塩」という用語は、本開示のアンチセンスオリゴマーの比較的非毒性の無機酸および有機酸付加塩を指す。これらの塩は、投与ビヒクルまたは剤形製造プロセスにおいて原位置で調製される得か、または本開示の精製されたアンチセンスオリゴマーを、その遊離塩基形態で、好適な有機酸もしくは無機酸と別々に反応させ、その後の精製中にそのようにして形成された塩を単離することによって調製され得る。代表的な塩としては、臭化水素酸塩、塩酸塩、硫酸塩、重硫酸塩、リン酸塩、硝酸塩、酢酸塩、吉草酸塩、オレイン酸塩、パルミチン酸塩、ステアリン酸塩、ラウリン酸塩、安息香酸塩、乳酸塩、トシル酸塩、クエン酸塩、マレイン酸塩、フマル酸塩、コハク酸塩、酒石酸塩、ナフチル酸塩、メシル酸塩、グルコヘプトン酸塩、ラクトビオン酸塩、およびラウリルスルホン酸塩などが挙げられる。(例えば、Berge et al.(1977)「Pharmaceutical Salts」,J.Pharm.Sci.66:1-19を参照)。
ある特定の実施形態において、本開示は、本明細書に記載されるアンチセンスオリゴマーの治療送達に好適な製剤または医薬組成物を提供する。したがって、ある特定の実施形態において、本開示は、1つ以上の薬学的に許容される担体(添加剤)および/または希釈剤と共に製剤化した、治療有効量の本明細書に記載されるアンチセンスオリゴマーのうちの1つ以上を含む、薬学的に許容される組成物を提供する。本開示のアンチセンスオリゴマーを単独で投与することは可能であるが、アンチセンスオリゴマーを医薬製剤(組成物)として投与することが好ましい。一実施形態において、製剤のアンチセンスオリゴマーは、式(III)に従うか、またはその薬学的に許容される塩である。
エクソンスキッピングを使用したジストロフィンリーディングフレームの修復
ジストロフィン遺伝子のアウトオブフレーム変異によって引き起こされるDMDの治療に対する潜在的な治療アプローチは、インフレーム変異によって引き起こされるBMDとして既知である、より軽度な形態のジストロフィン異常症によって示唆される。アウトオブフレーム変異をインフレーム変異に変換する能力は、仮定では、mRNAリーディングフレームを保持し、内部的に短縮されたがなお機能的なジストロフィンタンパク質を産生する。本開示のアンチセンスオリゴマーを、これを達成するように設計した。
本開示はまた、遺伝的疾患を有する患者の治療のためのキットを提供し、このキットは、好適な容器に包装された、少なくともアンチセンス分子(例えば、配列番号1~9のいずれかに記載される塩基配列を含むアンチセンスオリゴマー)を、その使用のための説明書と共に含む。キットはまた、緩衝液、安定剤などの周辺試薬も含有し得る。当業者であれば、上記方法の用途が、多くの他の疾患の治療に使用するのに好適なアンチセンス分子を特定するために幅広い用途を有することを理解するべきである。一実施形態において、キットは、式(I)~(VI)のいずれかによるアンチセンスオリゴマーを含む。
モルホリノサブユニットの調製
スキーム1を参照すると、Bは、塩基対合部分を表し、モルホリノサブユニットは、示されるように、対応するリボヌクレオシド(1)から調製され得る。モルホリノサブユニット(2)は、好適な保護基前駆体、例えば、塩化トリチルとの反応によって任意に保護され得る。3’保護基は、概して、以下により詳細に記載されるように、固体オリゴマー合成中に除去される。塩基対合部分は、固相オリゴマー合成に対して好適に保護され得る。好適な保護基としては、アデニンおよびシトシンに対するベンゾイル、グアニンに対するフェニルアセチル、およびヒポキサンチン(イノシン)に対するピバロイルオキシメチルが挙げられる。ピバロイルオキシメチル基は、ヒポキサンチン複素環塩基のN1位置に導入され得る。保護されていないヒポキサンチンサブユニットが用いられてもよいが、活性化反応における収率は、塩基が保護されている場合にはるかに優れている。他の好適な保護基としては、米国特許第8,076,476号に開示されているものが挙げられ、これは、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
アンカー装填樹脂への活性化「テール」の導入を、固相合成中のサブユニットの組み込みに使用される手順によって、ジメチルイミダゾリジノン(DMI)中で実施する。
脱トリチル化溶液:4:1のジクロロメタン/トリフルオロエタノール溶液中の1%の4シアノピリジンおよびトリフルオロ酢酸(w/w)、
中和溶液:5:1のジクロロメタン/イソプロパノール溶液中の3%のジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ならびに
カップリング溶液:1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン(DMI)溶液中の所望の塩基および連結型の0.18M(または20サブユニットよりも長く成長しているオリゴマーについては0.24M)の活性化モルホリノサブユニットならびに0.4MのN-エチルモルホリン。
ジクロロメタン(DCM)を、異なる試薬溶液洗浄液を分離する移行洗浄液として使用する。
ブロックを42℃に設定した合成器において、2mLの1-メチル-2-ピロリジノンを、30mgのアミノメチルポリスチレン-ジスルフィド樹脂(またはテール樹脂)を含有する各カラムに添加して、室温で30分間放置する。2mLのジクロロメタンで2回洗浄した後、以下の合成サイクルを用い得る。
NCP2アンカー合成:
1.4-フルオロ-3-ニトロ安息香酸メチルの調製(1)
A.(Z)-メチル4-(3-ヒドロキシ-1-メトキシ-1-オキソブタ-2-エン-2-イル)-3-ニトロ安息香酸塩(2)
A.1-(2-ニトロ-4(4-トリチルピペラジン-1-カルボニル)フェニル)プロパン-2-オンの調製
約52LのNMPおよび2300gのアミノメチルポリスチレン樹脂を、テフロン(登録商標)活栓を備えた75L固相合成反応器に充填し得る。樹脂を、NMP中で約2時間撹拌して膨潤させ、次いで排出する。樹脂を、1回の洗浄当たり4LのDCMで2回、次いで1回の洗浄当たり39Lの中和溶液で2回、次いで1回の洗浄当たり39LのDCMで2回洗浄する。NCP2アンカー溶液を撹拌樹脂溶液にゆっくりと添加し、室温で24時間撹拌し、次いで排出する。樹脂を、1回の洗浄当たり39LのNMPで4回、および1回の洗浄当たり39LのDCMで6回洗浄する。樹脂を、1/2の二炭酸ジエチル(DEDC)キャッピング溶液で30分間処理および撹拌し、排出し、残りの1/2のDEDCキャッピング溶液で30分間処理および撹拌し、排出する。樹脂を、1回の洗浄当たり39LのDCMで6回洗浄し、次いでオーブン内で3573.71gの一定重量のアンカー装填樹脂になるまで乾燥させる。
PMO粗原薬の50L固相合成
1.材料
A.活性化EG3テール
A.樹脂膨潤
750gのアンカー装填樹脂および10.5LのNMPのアリコートを、50Lのシラン処理した反応器に充填し、3時間撹拌し得る。NMPを排出し、アンカー装填樹脂を、それぞれ5.5LのDCMで2回、およびそれぞれ5.5Lの30% TFE/DCMで2回、洗浄する。
アンカー装填樹脂を、それぞれ5.5Lの30% TFE/DCMで3回洗浄し、排出し、5.5LのCYTFA溶液で15分間洗浄し、排出し、5.5LのCYTFA溶液で15分間、排出することなく再び洗浄し、それに122mLの1:1のNEM/DCMを充填し、懸濁液を2分間撹拌し、排出し得る。樹脂を、5.5Lの中和溶液で5分間、2回洗浄し、排出し、次いでそれぞれ5.5LのDCMで2回洗浄し、排出する。3LのDMI中の706.2gの活性化EG3テールおよび234mLのNEMの溶液を樹脂に充填し、室温で3時間撹拌し、排出し得る。樹脂を、1回の洗浄当たりそれぞれ5.5Lの中和溶液で5分間、2回、次いで5.5LのDCMで1回洗浄し、排出する。2680mLのNMP中の374.8gの無水安息香酸および195mLのNEMの溶液を充填し、15分間撹拌し、排出し得る。樹脂を、5.5Lの中和溶液で5分間撹拌し、次いで5.5LのDCMで1回、およびそれぞれ5.5Lの30% TFE/DCMで2回洗浄する。樹脂を、5.5Lの30% TFE/DCM中に懸濁し、14時間保持する。
各カップリングサイクルの前に、樹脂を、1)30% TFE/DCMで洗浄し、2)a)CYTFA溶液で15分間処理し、排出し、b)CYTFA溶液で15分間処理し、それに1:1のNEM/DCMを添加し、撹拌し、排出し、3)中和溶液で3回撹拌し、4)DCMで2回洗浄する。
各サブユニット溶液を排出した後、樹脂を、1)DCMで洗浄し、2)30% TFE/DCMで2回洗浄する。樹脂を次のカップリングサイクルの前に一定期間保持する場合、2回目のTFE/DCM洗浄液は排出せず、樹脂を当該TFE/DCM洗浄溶液中に保持する。
各カップリングサイクルを、各塩基含有サブユニットについて表2に初期C(シトシン)モノマーカップリングについて概説するように実施する。
最終カップリングステップを実施した後、樹脂を、それぞれ19.5LのIPAで8回洗浄し、真空下で室温で約63.5時間乾燥させて、乾燥重量を5,579.8gとする。
上記の樹脂結合PMO粗原薬を2ロットに分割し、各ロットを以下のように処理する。2,789.9gの樹脂のロットを、1)10LのNMPで2時間撹拌し、次いで、NMPを排出し、2)それぞれ10Lの30% TFE/DCMで3回洗浄し、3)10LのCYTFA溶液で15分間処理し、4)10LのCYTFA溶液で15分間処理し、次いでそれに130mLの1:1のNEM/DCMを添加し、2分間撹拌し、排出する。樹脂を、それぞれ10Lの中和溶液で3回処理し、10LのDCMで6回、およびそれぞれ10LのNMPで8回洗浄する。樹脂を、6.96LのNMP中の1530.4gのDTTおよび2980DBUの切断溶液で2時間処理し、PMO粗原薬を樹脂から切り離す。切断溶液を排出し、別個の槽に保持する。反応器および樹脂を、切断溶液と組み合わせた4.97LのNMPで洗浄する。
組み合わせた切断溶液とNMP洗浄液を圧力槽に移し、それに、冷凍庫内で-10℃~-25℃の温度に予め冷却した39.8LのNH4OH(NH3・H2O)を添加した。圧力槽を密封し、45℃に16時間加熱し、次いで25℃に冷却させる。PMO粗原薬を含有するこの脱保護溶液を、精製水で3:1に希釈し、pHを2Mリン酸で3.0に、次いでNH4OHでpH8.03に調整する。
PMO粗原薬を含有する上記のパートDからの脱保護溶液を、ToyoPearl Super-Q 650Sアニオン交換樹脂(Tosoh Bioscience)のカラム上に装填し、17カラム体積に対して0~35%Bの勾配で溶出し(緩衝液A:10mMの水酸化ナトリウム、緩衝液B:10mMの水酸化ナトリウム中の1Mの塩化ナトリウム)、許容される純度の画分(C18およびSCX HPLC)をプールして、精製された医薬品溶液とする。
上述のPMO合成方法を使用して、PMO#1、PMO#2、およびPMO#3を以下のように合成した。
上述のプロトコルを使用して、PPMO#3をPMO#3(配列番号3)から合成した。
以下の表に記載されるように、ヒトジストロフィン(DMD)エクソン50を標的とする2つの化合物、PMO#3およびPPMO#3(両方が同じ配列を含有する)を、健康なヒト筋管におけるDMDエクソン50スキッピングについて評価した。
PPMOアンチセンスオリゴマーのエクソンスキッピングの有効性をさらに実証するために、非ヒト霊長類を利用する。具体的には、無傷の筋組織を有するカニクイザルに、PPMO#3(実施例2)、PMO#3(実施例1)、または生理食塩水を静脈内注射する。
一連のPMO(配列番号1~7、PMO#1~#7)を調製し、エクソン50スキッピングの効率について試験した。簡潔に言うと、ヒトの初代筋芽細胞を、標準的な技術を使用して培養した。凍結乾燥したPMOをヌクレアーゼ不含水に再懸濁し、モル濃度を検証するために、PMO溶液をNanoDrop 2000分光光度計(Thermo Scientific)を使用して測定した。用量範囲のPMOを、製造業者の説明書およびP3キット(Lonza)に従い、ヌクレオポレーションを使用して筋芽細胞(例えば、0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10、および20μM) に送達し、RNA抽出前に、37℃、5%のCO2のインキュベーター中で一晩インキュベートした。RNAを、GE Healthcare製のRNAspin 96ウェルRNA単離キットを使用してPMO処理細胞から抽出し、ヒトDMDエクソン49~52を増幅させたプライマーと共に標準的な技術を使用してRT-PCRに供した。Caliper LabChipバイオアナライザーを使用してスキッピングを測定し、エクソンスキッピング%(すなわち、全長PCR産物と比較したエクソンスキッピングされた産物のバンド強度)を、式[エクソン50スキッピングされた産物/(エクソン50スキッピングされた産物とエクソン50スキッピングされていない産物との合計)×100]によって計算し、EC50値を、各濃度で誘導されたスキッピング率に基づいて計算した。表8に示されるように、エクソン50のスプライスアクセプターまたはスプライスドナー領域を標的とするように設計された本開示のPMOオリゴマーは、エクソン50のスキッピングをPMO#1、PMO#2、およびPMO#3で提供し、最高レベルのエクソン50スキッピング活性(EC50<1.0μM)を提供した。
前述の発明を実施するための形態および不随する実施例は、単に例示であり、添付の特許請求の範囲およびそれらの同等物によってのみ定義される本発明の範囲に対する限定として取られるべきではないことを理解されたい。
Claims (29)
- 細胞膜透過性ペプチドが、前記アンチセンスオリゴマーの3’末端に結合される、請求項1~2のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 前記細胞膜透過性ペプチドが、アルギニンリッチペプチドである、請求項3に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 前記アルギニンリッチペプチドが、-(RXR)4-Ra(配列番号:15)、R-(FFR)3-Ra(配列番号:16)、-B-X-(RXR)4-Ra(配列番号:17)、-B-X-R-(FFR)3-Ra(配列番号:18)、-GLY-R-(FFR)3-Ra(配列番号:19)、-GLY-R5-Ra(配列番号:20)、-R5-Ra(配列番号:21)、-GLY-R6-Ra(配列番号:11)、および-R6-Ra(配列番号:10)からなる群から選択され、式中、Raが、H、アシル、ベンゾイル、およびステアロイルから選択され、Rが、アルギニンであり、Xが、6-アミノヘキサン酸であり、Bが、β-アラニンであり、Fが、フェニルアラニンであり、GLY(またはG)が、グリシンである、請求項4に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 前記アンチセンスオリゴマーの核酸塩基が、モルホリノ環構造に連結される、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 1~n個の各Nuが、5’から3’に、配列番号:3に対応する、請求項7に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 前記アンチセンスオリゴマーが、1個の細胞膜透過性ペプチドを含有する、請求項7または8に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 前記細胞膜透過性ペプチドが、アルギニンリッチペプチドである、請求項7~12のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 前記アルギニンリッチペプチドが、-(RXR)4-Ra(配列番号:15)、R-(FFR)3-Ra(配列番号:16)、-B-X-(RXR)4-Ra(配列番号:17)、-B-X-R-(FFR)3-Ra(配列番号:18)、-GLY-R-(FFR)3-Ra(配列番号:19)、-GLY-R5-Ra(配列番号:20)、-R5-Ra(配列番号:21)、-GLY-R6-Ra(配列番号:11)、および-R6-Ra(配列番号:10)からなる群から選択され、式中、Raが、H、アシル、ベンゾイル、およびステアロイルから選択され、Rが、アルギニンであり、Xが、6-アミノヘキサン酸であり、Bが、β-アラニンであり、Fが、フェニルアラニンであり、GLY(またはG)が、グリシンである、請求項13に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 前記アンチセンスオリゴマーが、遊離塩基形態である、請求項7~14のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 前記アンチセンスオリゴマーが、その薬学的に許容される塩である、請求項7~14のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 式(III)の1~n個の各Nuが、5’から3’に、配列番号:3に対応する、請求項17に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 前記アンチセンスオリゴマーが、遊離塩基形態である、請求項17~18のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 前記アンチセンスオリゴマーが、その薬学的に許容される塩である、請求項17~18のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 1~n個の各Nuが、5’から3’に、配列番号:3に対応する、請求項20に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 式(IV)の1~n個の各Nuが、5’から3’に、配列番号:3に対応する、請求項22に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー。
- 請求項1~24のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーまたはその薬学的に許容される塩、および薬学的に許容される担体を含む、医薬組成物。
- デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー(DMD)の治療を必要とする対象においてそれを行うための方法であって、前記方法が、治療有効量の請求項1~24のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーまたは請求項25に記載の医薬組成物を前記対象に投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記対象が、エクソン50スキッピングに適している前記ジストロフィン遺伝子の変異を有する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 対象においてジストロフィン産生を誘導するためにmRNAリーディングフレームを修復する方法であって、前記方法が、治療有効量の請求項1~24のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマーまたは請求項25に記載の医薬組成物を前記対象に投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記対象が、エクソン50スキッピングに適している前記ジストロフィン遺伝子の変異を有する、請求項28に記載の方法。
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